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Language Models Represent Beliefs of Self and Others

arXiv Project Page

This repository provides the code for the paper "Language Models Represent Beliefs of Self and Others". It shows that LLMs internally represent beliefs of themselves and other agents, and manipulating these representations can significantly impact their Theory of Mind reasoning capabilities.

Installation

conda create -n lm python=3.8 anaconda
conda activate lm
# Please install PyTorch (<2.4) according to your CUDA version.
conda install pytorch==2.3.1 torchvision==0.18.1 torchaudio==2.3.1 pytorch-cuda=12.1 -c pytorch -c nvidia
pip install -r requirements.txt

Then download the language models (e.g. Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2, deepseek-llm-7b-chat) to models/. You can also specify the file paths in lm_paths.json.

Extract Representations

sh scripts/save_reps.sh 0_forward belief
sh scripts/save_reps.sh 0_forward action
sh scripts/save_reps.sh 0_backward belief

Probing

Binary:

python probe.py --belief=protagonist --dynamic=0_forward --variable belief 
python probe.py --belief=oracle --dynamic=0_forward --variable belief

python probe.py --belief=protagonist --dynamic=0_forward --variable action 
python probe.py --belief=oracle --dynamic=0_forward --variable action

python probe.py --belief=protagonist --dynamic=0_backward --variable belief 
python probe.py --belief=oracle --dynamic=0_backward --variable belief

Multinomial:

python probe_multinomial.py --dynamic=0_forward --variable belief
python probe_multinomial.py --dynamic=0_forward --variable action
python probe_multinomial.py --dynamic=0_backward --variable belief

BigToM Evaluation

sh scripts/0_forward_belief.sh
sh scripts/0_forward_action.sh
sh scripts/0_backward_belief.sh

Intervention

Intervention for the Forward Belief task:

sh scripts/0_forward_belief_interv_oracle.sh
sh scripts/0_forward_belief_interv_protagonist.sh
sh scripts/0_forward_belief_interv_o0p1.sh

Cross-task intervention:

sh scripts/cross_0_forward_belief_to_forward_action_interv_o0p1.sh
sh scripts/cross_0_forward_belief_to_backward_belief_interv_o0p1.sh

Citation

@inproceedings{zhu2024language,
    title={Language Models Represent Beliefs of Self and Others},
    author={Zhu, Wentao and Zhang, Zhining and Wang, Yizhou},
    booktitle={Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning},
    year={2024}
}