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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/technical/concept.md
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_The Architecture of abap2UI5_
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This article introduces the central pattern behind the framework: HTML Over-the-Wire — reimagined for the ABAP world. It explains how abap2UI5 eliminates traditional frontend complexity by moving both UI rendering and application logic into the ABAP backend. The result: faster development, easier deployment, and a UI5 shell that acts purely as a rendering engine.
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This article introduces the core pattern behind abap2UI5: HTML Over-the-Wire — reimagined for the ABAP world. It explains how this approach eliminates traditional frontend complexity by shifting both UI rendering and application logic to the backend. The result: faster development, simplified deployment, and a UI5 frontend shell that acts purely as a rendering engine.
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#### What is HTML Over-the-Wire?
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_HTML Over-the-Wire_ describes a server-centric web architecture in which the user interface is generated on the server and sent to the browser as ready-to-render HTML.
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Instead of building and maintaining complex JavaScript frontends, managing APIs, and exchanging JSON, the server handles everything — from business logic to UI generation. The browser simply receives and renders HTML fragments. This approach eliminates the need for client-side MVC frameworks, data transformation layers, and frontend deployment processes [(1)](https://signalvnoise.com/svn3/html-over-the-wire/):
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Instead of building and maintaining complex JavaScript frontends, managing APIs, and exchanging JSON, the server handles everything — from business logic to UI generation. The browser simply receives HTML fragments and renders them. This approach eliminates the need for client-side MVC frameworks, data transformation layers, and frontend deployment processes [(1)](https://signalvnoise.com/svn3/html-over-the-wire/):
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> You can write fast, modern, responsive web applications by generating your HTML on the server, and delivering that directly to the browser. You don’t need JSON as an in-between format. You don’t need client-side MVC frameworks. You don’t need complicated bundling and transpiling pipelines.
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In the early days of web development SSR was the standard. Every user interaction triggered a full-page reload, and the server responded with a complete HTML document. Within the SAP ecosystem, this approach was seen in technologies like ITS Mobile and SAP GUI for HTML.
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The emergence of Single-Page Applications (SPAs) shifted the rendering logic to the client. SPAs fetch raw data — through OData services in SAP systems — and dynamically construct the UI in the browser using JavaScript frameworks such as React, Angular, or Vue. SAP adopted this paradigm with the introduction of UI5 in 2010.
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The emergence of Single-Page Applications (SPAs) shifted the UI logic to the client. SPAs fetch raw data — through OData services in SAP systems — and dynamically construct the UI in the browser using JavaScript frameworks such as React, Angular, or Vue. SAP adopted this paradigm with the introduction of UI5 in 2010.
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However, SPAs come with their own set of challenges: complex API layers, separation of frontend and backend development teams, and intricate build and deployment pipelines. As a counter-approach, HTML Over-the-Wire reintroduces a server-driven approach to UI updates:
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- The server sends only HTML fragments, not entire pages, the browser updates specific parts of the DOM
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<em>UI5 freestyle - UI is built on the client; backend delivers only Data via OData</em>
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</p>
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Since UI5 is a client-side rendering framework, the HTML output cannot be generated as ready-to-render HTML on the backend. Instead, it must be produced in the browser using the UI5 framework and its built-in renderer.
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Since UI5 is a client-side framework, the HTML output cannot be generated as ready-to-render HTML on the backend. Instead, it must be created in the browser with JavaScript using the UI5 framework.
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#### Sending Views from Backend
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But how can we generated UI5 HTML in the backend?
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But how can we then generated UI5 HTML in the backend?
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Fortunately, UI5 has a defining characteristic that allows us to shift part of the view generation to the backend. In UI5 freestyle apps, each view can be defined in XML — the so-called UI5 XML View. The UI5 framework uses this XML definition, combined with data from the backend, to render HTML in the browser.
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