jhead.1

.TH JHEAD 1 "24 Mar 2021" "jhead 3.06"
.SH NAME
jhead \- Digicam JPEG Exif header manipulation tool
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B jhead
[
.I options
]
[
.I file\.\.\.
]

.LP
.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
.B jhead
is used to display and manipulate data contained in the Exif header of JPEG
images from digital cameras.  By default, jhead displays the more useful
camera settings from the file in a user-friendly format.
.PP
.B jhead
can also be used to manipulate some aspects of the image relating to JPEG and
Exif headers, such as changing the internal timestamps, removing the thumbnail,
or transferring Exif headers back into edited images after graphical editors
deleted the Exif header.
.B jhead
can also be used to launch other programs, similar in style to the UNIX
.B find
command, but much simpler.


.SH GENERAL METADATA OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \-\^te \ file
Transplant Exif header from a JPEG (with Exif header) in
.I file
into the image that is manipulated.  This option is useful if you like
to edit the photos but still want the Exif header on your photos.  As
most photo editing programs will wipe out the Exif header, this option
can be used to re-copy them back from original copies after editing the
photos.


This feature has an interesting 'relative path' option for specifying
the thumbnail name.  Whenever the <name> contains the characters '&i',
will substitute the original filename for this name. This allows
creating a jhead 'relative name' when doing a whole batch of files. For
example, the incantation:

.I jhead \-te "originals/&i" *.jpg

would transfer the exif header for each .jpg file in the originals
directory by the same name, Both Win32 and most Unix shells treat the '&'
character in a special way, so you have to put quotes around that
command line option for the '&' to even be passed to the program.

.TP
.B \-dc
Delete comment field from the JPEG header.  Note that the comment
is not part of the Exif header.
.TP
.B \-de
Delete the Exif header entirely.  Leaves other metadata sections intact.
.TP
.B \-di
Delete the IPTC section, if present.  Leaves other metadata sections intact.
.TP
.B \-dx
Delete the XMP section, if present.  Leaves other metadata sections intact.
.TP
.B \-du
Delete sections of jpeg that are not Exif, not comment, and otherwise not
contributing to the image either - such as data that photoshop might leave in the image.
.TP
.B \-purejpg
Delete all JPEG sections that aren't necessary for rendering the image.
Strips any metadata that various applications may have left in the
image.  A combination of the \-de \-dc and \-du options.
.TP
.B \-mkexif
Creates minimal exif header. Exif header contains date/time, and empty
thumbnail fields only. Date/time set to file time by default. Use with
\-rgt option if you want the exif header to contain a thumbnail. Note
that exif header creation is very limited at this time, and no other
fields can be added to the exif header this way.
.TP
.B \-ce
Edit the JPEG header comment field (note, this comment field is outside
the Exif structure and can be part of Exif and non Exif style JPEG
images).

A temporary file containing the comment is created and a text editor is
launched to edit the file.  The editor is specified in the EDITOR
environment variable.  If none is specified notepad or vi are used under
Windows and Unix respectively.  After the editor exits, the data is
transferred back into the image, and the temporary file deleted.
.TP
.BI \-\^cs \ file
Save comment section to a
.I file
.TP
.BI \-\^ci \ file
Replace comment with text from
.I file
.TP
.BI \-\^cl \ string
Replace comment with specified string from command line

.SH DATE / TIME MANIPULATION OPTIONS

.TP
.B \-ft
Sets the file's system time stamp to what is stored in the Exif header.
.TP
.B \-dsft
Sets the Exif timestamp to the file's timestamp. Requires an Exif header to
pre-exist. Use \-mkexif option to create one if needed.
.TP
.BI \-\^n [format_string]
This option causes files to be renamed and/ or moved using the date
information from the Exif header "DateTimeOriginal" field.  If the file
is not an Exif file, or the DateTimeOriginal does not contain a valid
value, the file date is used.  If the new name contains a '/',
this will be interpreted as a new path, and the file will be moved
accordingly.

If the
.I format_string
is omitted, the file will be renamed to MMDD-HHMMSS.  Note that this
scheme doesn't include the year (I never have photos from different
years together anyway).

If a
.I format_string
is provided, it will be passed to the strftime function as the format
string.  In addition, if the format string contains '%f', this will
substitute the original name of the file (minus extension).  '%i' will
substitute a sequence number.  Leading zeros can be specified like with
printf - i.e. '%04i' pads the number to 4 digits using leading zeros.

If the name includes '/', this is interpreted as a new path for the file.
If the new path does not exist, the path will be created.

If the target name already exists, the name will be appended with "a",
"b", "c", etc, unless the name ends with a letter, in which case it will
be appended with "0", "1", "2", etc.

This feature is especially useful if more than one digital camera was
used to take pictures of an event.  By renaming them to a scheme
according to date, they will automatically appear in order of taking in
most directory listings and image browsers.  Alternatively, if your
image browser supports listing by file time, you can use the \-ft option
to set the file time to the time the photo was taken.

Some of the more useful arguments for strftime are:

.BR %H \ Hour\ in\ 24-hour\ format\ (00\ -\ 23)
.br
.BR %j \ Day\ of\ year\ as\ decimal\ number\ (001\ -\ 366)
.br
.BR %m \ Month\ as\ decimal\ number\ (01\ -\ 12)
.br
.BR %M \ Minute\ as\ decimal\ number\ (00\ -\ 59)
.br
.BR %S \ Second\ as\ decimal\ number\ (00\ -\ 59)
.br
.BR %w \ Weekday\ as\ decimal\ number\ (0\ -\ 6;\ Sunday\ is\ 0)
.br
.BR %y \ Year\ without\ century,\ as\ decimal\ number\ (00\ -\ 99)
.br
.BR %Y \ Year\ with\ century,\ as\ decimal\ number

Example:

.I jhead \-n%Y%m%d\-%H%M%S *.jpg

This will rename files matched by *.jpg in the format YYYYMMDD\-HHMMSS

For a full listing of strftime arguments, look up the strftime in them
man pages.  Note that some arguments to the strftime function (not
listed here) produce strings with characters such as ':' that may not be
valid as part of a filename on some systems.

.TP
.B \-ta<+|\-><timediff>
Adjust time stored in the Exif header by h:mm forwards or backwards.
Useful when having taken pictures with the wrong time set on the camera,
such as after travelling across time zones, or when daylight savings
time has changed.

Examples:

Add 1 hourand 5 minutes to the time
.br
jhead \-ta+1:05

Decrease time by one second:
.br
jhead \-ta-0:0:1


This option changes all Date/time fields in the exif header, including
"DateTimeOriginal" (tag 0x9003) and "DateTimeDigitized" (tag 0x9004).
.TP
.B \-da<newdate>\-<olddate>

Works like \-ta, but for specifying large date offsets, to be used when
fixing dates from cameras where the date was set incorrectly, such as
having date and time reset by battery removal on some cameras

Because different months and years have different numbers of days in
them, a simple offset for months, days, years would lead to unexpected
results at times.  The time offset is thus specified as a difference
between two dates, so that jhead can figure out exactly how many days
the timestamp needs to be adjusted by, including leap years and daylight
savings time changes.  The dates are specified as yyyy:mm:dd.  For
sub-day adjustments, a time of day can also be included, by specifying
yyyy:nn:dd/hh:mm or yyyy:mm:dd/hh:mm:ss

Examples:

Year on camera was set to 2005 instead of 2004 for pictures taken in April
.br
jhead \-da2004:03:01\-2005:03:01

Default camera date is 2002:01:01, and date was reset on 2005:05:29 at 11:21 am
.br
jhead \-da2005:05:29/11:21\-2002:01:01
.TP
.B \-ts
Sets the time stored in the Exif header to what is specified on the
command line.
Time must be specified as:
.I yyyy:mm:dd\-hh:mm:ss
.TP
.B \-ds
Sets the date stored in the Exif header to what is specified on the
command line.
Can be used to set date, just year and month, or just year.
Date is specified as:
.I yyyy:mm:dd,  yyyy:mm, or yyyy

.SH THUMBNAIL MANIPULATION OPTIONS

.TP
.B \-dt
Delete thumbnails from the Exif header, but leave the interesting parts
intact.  This option truncates the thumbnail from the Exif header,
provided that the thumbnail is the last part of the Exif header (which
so far as I know is always the case).  Exif headers have a built-in
thumbnail, which typically occupies around 10k of space.  This thumbnail
is used by digital cameras.  Windows XP may also use this thumbnail if
present (but it doesn't need it).  The thumbnails are too small to use
even full screen on the digicam's LCD.  I have not encountered any
adverse side effects of deleting the thumbnails, even from the software
provided with my old Olympus digicam.  Use with caution.

.TP
.BI \-\^st \ file
Save the integral thumbnail to
.I file
The thumbnail lives inside the Exif header, and is a very low-res JPEG
image.  Note that making any changes to a photo, except for with some
programs, generally wipes out the Exif header and with it the thumbnail.

The thumbnail is too low res to really use for very much.

This feature has an interesting 'relative path' option for specifying
the thumbnail name.  Whenever the name for
.I file
contains the characters  '&i',
.B jhead
will substitute the original filename for this name.  This allows
creating a 'relative name' when doing a whole batch of files.  For
example, the incantation:

.I jhead \-st "thumbnails/&i" *.jpg

would create a thumbnail for each .jpg file in the thumbnails directory
by the same name, (provided that the thumbnails directory exists, of
course).  Both Win32 and UNIX shells treat the '&'character in a special
way, so you have to put quotes around that command line option for the '&'
to even be passed to the program.

If a '\-' is specified for the output file, the thumbnail is sent to
stdout. (UNIX build only)

.TP
.B \-rt
Replace thumbnails from the Exif header.  This only works if the exif
header already contains a thumbnail, and the thumbnail is at the end of
the header (both always the case if the photo came from a digital
camera)
.TP
.BI \-\^rgt \ size
Regenerate exif thumbnail.  'size' specifies maximum height or width of
thumbnail.  Relies on 'mogrify' program (from ImageMagick) to regenerate
the thumbnail.  This only works if the image already contains a
thumbnail.

.SH ROTATION OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-autorot
Using the 'Orientation' tag of the Exif header, rotate the image so that
it is upright.  The program
.B jpegtran
is used to perform the rotation. This program is present in most Linux
distributions.  For windows, you need to get a copy of it.  After
rotation, the orientation tag of the Exif header is set to '1' (normal
orientation).  The thumbnail is also rotated. Other fields of the Exif
header, including dimensions are untouched, but the JPEG height/width
are adjusted.  This feature is especially useful with newer Canon
cameras, that set the orientation tag automatically using a gravity
sensor.
.TP
.B \-norot
Clears the rotation field in the Exif header without altering the image.
Useful if the images were previously rotated without clearing the Exif
rotation tag, as some image browsers will auto rotate images when the
rotation tag is set.  Sometimes, thumbnails and rotation tags can get
very out of sync from manipulation with various tools.  To reset it all
use \-norot with \-rgt to clear this out.

.SH OUTPUT VERBOSITY CONTROL
.TP
.B \-h
Displays summary of command line options.
.TP
.B \-v
Makes the program even more verbose than it already is.  Like DOS
programs, and unlike UNIX programs, Jhead gives feedback as to what it
is doing, even when nothing goes wrong.  Windows user that I am, when
something doesn't give me feedback for 20 seconds, I assume its crashed.
.TP
.B \-q
No output on success, more like Unix programs.
.TP
.B \-V
Print version info and compilation date.
.B \-exifmap
Show a map of the bytes in the exif header. Useful when analyzing
strange exif headers, not of much use to non software developers.
.TP
.B \-se
Suppress error messages relating to corrupt Exif header structure.
.TP
.B \-c
Concise output.  This causes picture info to be summarized on one line
instead of several.  Useful for grep-ing through images, as well as
importing into spread sheets (data is space delimited with quotes as
text qualifier).

.SH FILE MATCHING OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-model
Restricts processing of files to those whose camera model, as indicated
by the Exif image information, contains the substring specified in the
argument after '\-model'.  For example, the following command will list
only images that are from an S100 camera:

.I jhead \-model S100 *.jpg

I use this option to restrict my JPEG recompensing to those images that
came from my Canon S100 digicam, (see the \-cmd option).
.TP
.B \-exonly
Skip all files that don't have an Exif header.  Photos straight from a
digital camera have an Exif header, whereas many photo manipulation
tools discard the Exif header.

.TP
.B \-proc
Skip all but files matching process.  Specifying "-proc 0" for example will
only process files with baseline encoding.  Specifying "-proc 2" will only
process files with progressive encoding.
This option is useful when converting files to progressive jpegs using jpegtran,
to skip those files already encoded as progressive jpegs.  For example, the following
 command converts only files as baseline to progressive:
jhead -proc 0 -cmd "jpegtran -progressive -outfile &o &i" *.jpg

.TP
.B \-cmd
Executes the specified command on each JPEG file to be processed.

The Exif section of each file is read before running the command, and
reinserted after the command finishes.

The specified command invoked separately for each JPEG that is
processed, even if multiple files are specified (explicitly or by wild
card).

Example use:

Having a whole directory of photos from my S100, I run the following commands:

.I jhead \-cmd "mogrify \-quality 80 &i" \-model S100 *.jpg
.br
.I jhead \-cmd "jpegtran \-progressive &i > &o" *.jpg

The first command mogrifies all JPEGs in the tree that indicate that
they are from a Canon S100 in their Exif header to 80% quality at the
same resolution.  This is a 'lossy' process, so I only run it on files
that are from the Canon, and only run it once.  The next command then
takes a JPEGs and converts them to progressive JPEGs.  The result is the
same images, with no discernible differences, stored in half the space.
This produces substantial savings on some cameras.

.SH SEE ALSO
.BR jpegtran (1),
.BR mogrify (1),
.BR rdjpgcom (1),
.BR wrjpgcom (1)
.SH AUTHOR
Matthias Wandel
.SH BUGS
After jhead runs a program to rotate or resize an image, the image
dimensions and thumbnail in the Exif header are not adjusted.
.PP
Modifying of Exif header data is very limited, as Jhead internally only
has a read only implementation of the file system contained in the Exif
header.  For example, there is no way to replace the thumbnail or edit
the Exif comment in the Exif header.  There is also no way to create
minimal exif headers.
.PP
Some Canon digital SLR cameras fail to adjust the effective sensor
resolution when shooting at less than full resolution, causing jhead to
incorrectly miscalculate the sensor width and 35mm equivalent focal
length.  The same can result from resizing photos with Photoshop, which
will manipulate parts of the exif header.  This is often reported as a
bug in Jhead, but Jhead can't do much about incorrect data.
.PP
Send bug reports to matthias at woodgears dot ca

.SH COPYING PERMISSIONS
Jhead is 'public domain'.  You may freely copy jhead, and reuse part or
all of its code in free or proprietary programs.  I do however request
that you do not post my e-mail address in ways that spam robots can
harvest it.