From 2a50fc5fd09798cc154b587acd4f4ee261ea19be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Will Deacon Date: Wed, 27 Apr 2022 18:13:32 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] KVM: arm64: Handle host stage-2 faults from 32-bit EL0 When pKVM is enabled, host memory accesses are translated by an identity mapping at stage-2, which is populated lazily in response to synchronous exceptions from 64-bit EL1 and EL0. Extend this handling to cover exceptions originating from 32-bit EL0 as well. Although these are very unlikely to occur in practice, as the kernel typically ensures that user pages are initialised before mapping them in, drivers could still map previously untouched device pages into userspace and expect things to work rather than panic the system. Cc: Quentin Perret Cc: Marc Zyngier Signed-off-by: Will Deacon Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220427171332.13635-1-will@kernel.org --- arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S index 3d613e721a75d0..727c979b2b69b4 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S @@ -198,15 +198,15 @@ SYM_CODE_START(__kvm_hyp_host_vector) invalid_host_el2_vect // FIQ EL2h invalid_host_el2_vect // Error EL2h - host_el1_sync_vect // Synchronous 64-bit EL1 - invalid_host_el1_vect // IRQ 64-bit EL1 - invalid_host_el1_vect // FIQ 64-bit EL1 - invalid_host_el1_vect // Error 64-bit EL1 - - invalid_host_el1_vect // Synchronous 32-bit EL1 - invalid_host_el1_vect // IRQ 32-bit EL1 - invalid_host_el1_vect // FIQ 32-bit EL1 - invalid_host_el1_vect // Error 32-bit EL1 + host_el1_sync_vect // Synchronous 64-bit EL1/EL0 + invalid_host_el1_vect // IRQ 64-bit EL1/EL0 + invalid_host_el1_vect // FIQ 64-bit EL1/EL0 + invalid_host_el1_vect // Error 64-bit EL1/EL0 + + host_el1_sync_vect // Synchronous 32-bit EL1/EL0 + invalid_host_el1_vect // IRQ 32-bit EL1/EL0 + invalid_host_el1_vect // FIQ 32-bit EL1/EL0 + invalid_host_el1_vect // Error 32-bit EL1/EL0 SYM_CODE_END(__kvm_hyp_host_vector) /* From 8f6379e207e7d834065a080f407a60d67349d961 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexandru Elisei Date: Mon, 25 Apr 2022 15:55:30 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] KVM/arm64: Don't emulate a PMU for 32-bit guests if feature not set kvm->arch.arm_pmu is set when userspace attempts to set the first PMU attribute. As certain attributes are mandatory, arm_pmu ends up always being set to a valid arm_pmu, otherwise KVM will refuse to run the VCPU. However, this only happens if the VCPU has the PMU feature. If the VCPU doesn't have the feature bit set, kvm->arch.arm_pmu will be left uninitialized and equal to NULL. KVM doesn't do ID register emulation for 32-bit guests and accesses to the PMU registers aren't gated by the pmu_visibility() function. This is done to prevent injecting unexpected undefined exceptions in guests which have detected the presence of a hardware PMU. But even though the VCPU feature is missing, KVM still attempts to emulate certain aspects of the PMU when PMU registers are accessed. This leads to a NULL pointer dereference like this one, which happens on an odroid-c4 board when running the kvm-unit-tests pmu-cycle-counter test with kvmtool and without the PMU feature being set: [ 454.402699] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000150 [ 454.405865] Mem abort info: [ 454.408596] ESR = 0x96000004 [ 454.411638] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 454.416901] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 454.419909] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 454.423010] FSC = 0x04: level 0 translation fault [ 454.427841] Data abort info: [ 454.430687] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004 [ 454.434484] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 454.437404] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=000000000c924000 [ 454.443800] [0000000000000150] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000 [ 454.450528] Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 454.456036] Modules linked in: [ 454.459053] CPU: 1 PID: 267 Comm: kvm-vcpu-0 Not tainted 5.18.0-rc4 #113 [ 454.465697] Hardware name: Hardkernel ODROID-C4 (DT) [ 454.470612] pstate: 60400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 454.477512] pc : kvm_pmu_event_mask.isra.0+0x14/0x74 [ 454.482427] lr : kvm_pmu_set_counter_event_type+0x2c/0x80 [ 454.487775] sp : ffff80000a9839c0 [ 454.491050] x29: ffff80000a9839c0 x28: ffff000000a83a00 x27: 0000000000000000 [ 454.498127] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff00000a510000 [ 454.505198] x23: ffff000000a83a00 x22: ffff000003b01000 x21: 0000000000000000 [ 454.512271] x20: 000000000000001f x19: 00000000000003ff x18: 0000000000000000 [ 454.519343] x17: 000000008003fe98 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000 [ 454.526416] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000 [ 454.533489] x11: 000000008003fdbc x10: 0000000000009d20 x9 : 000000000000001b [ 454.540561] x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : 0000000000000d00 x6 : 0000000000009d00 [ 454.547633] x5 : 0000000000000037 x4 : 0000000000009d00 x3 : 0d09000000000000 [ 454.554705] x2 : 000000000000001f x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000000000000 [ 454.561779] Call trace: [ 454.564191] kvm_pmu_event_mask.isra.0+0x14/0x74 [ 454.568764] kvm_pmu_set_counter_event_type+0x2c/0x80 [ 454.573766] access_pmu_evtyper+0x128/0x170 [ 454.577905] perform_access+0x34/0x80 [ 454.581527] kvm_handle_cp_32+0x13c/0x160 [ 454.585495] kvm_handle_cp15_32+0x1c/0x30 [ 454.589462] handle_exit+0x70/0x180 [ 454.592912] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x1c4/0x5e0 [ 454.597485] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x23c/0x940 [ 454.601280] __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xf0 [ 454.605160] invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114 [ 454.608869] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xd4/0xfc [ 454.613527] do_el0_svc+0x28/0x90 [ 454.616803] el0_svc+0x34/0xb0 [ 454.619822] el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa4/0x130 [ 454.624049] el0t_64_sync+0x18c/0x190 [ 454.627675] Code: a9be7bfd 910003fd f9000bf3 52807ff3 (b9415001) [ 454.633714] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- In this particular case, Linux hasn't detected the presence of a hardware PMU because the PMU node is missing from the DTB, so userspace would have been unable to set the VCPU PMU feature even if it attempted it. What happens is that the 32-bit guest reads ID_DFR0, which advertises the presence of the PMU, and when it tries to program a counter, it triggers the NULL pointer dereference because kvm->arch.arm_pmu is NULL. kvm-arch.arm_pmu was introduced by commit 46b187821472 ("KVM: arm64: Keep a per-VM pointer to the default PMU"). Until that commit, this error would be triggered instead: [ 73.388140] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 73.388189] Unknown PMU version 0 [ 73.390420] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 264 at arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-emul.c:36 kvm_pmu_event_mask.isra.0+0x6c/0x74 [ 73.399821] Modules linked in: [ 73.402835] CPU: 1 PID: 264 Comm: kvm-vcpu-0 Not tainted 5.17.0 #114 [ 73.409132] Hardware name: Hardkernel ODROID-C4 (DT) [ 73.414048] pstate: 60400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 73.420948] pc : kvm_pmu_event_mask.isra.0+0x6c/0x74 [ 73.425863] lr : kvm_pmu_event_mask.isra.0+0x6c/0x74 [ 73.430779] sp : ffff80000a8db9b0 [ 73.434055] x29: ffff80000a8db9b0 x28: ffff000000dbaac0 x27: 0000000000000000 [ 73.441131] x26: ffff000000dbaac0 x25: 00000000c600000d x24: 0000000000180720 [ 73.448203] x23: ffff800009ffbe10 x22: ffff00000b612000 x21: 0000000000000000 [ 73.455276] x20: 000000000000001f x19: 0000000000000000 x18: ffffffffffffffff [ 73.462348] x17: 000000008003fe98 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0720072007200720 [ 73.469420] x14: 0720072007200720 x13: ffff800009d32488 x12: 00000000000004e6 [ 73.476493] x11: 00000000000001a2 x10: ffff800009d32488 x9 : ffff800009d32488 [ 73.483565] x8 : 00000000ffffefff x7 : ffff800009d8a488 x6 : ffff800009d8a488 [ 73.490638] x5 : ffff0000f461a9d8 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000001 [ 73.497710] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000000dbaac0 [ 73.504784] Call trace: [ 73.507195] kvm_pmu_event_mask.isra.0+0x6c/0x74 [ 73.511768] kvm_pmu_set_counter_event_type+0x2c/0x80 [ 73.516770] access_pmu_evtyper+0x128/0x16c [ 73.520910] perform_access+0x34/0x80 [ 73.524532] kvm_handle_cp_32+0x13c/0x160 [ 73.528500] kvm_handle_cp15_32+0x1c/0x30 [ 73.532467] handle_exit+0x70/0x180 [ 73.535917] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x20c/0x6e0 [ 73.540489] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2b8/0x9e0 [ 73.544283] __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xf0 [ 73.548165] invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114 [ 73.551874] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xd4/0xfc [ 73.556531] do_el0_svc+0x28/0x90 [ 73.559808] el0_svc+0x28/0x80 [ 73.562826] el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa4/0x130 [ 73.567054] el0t_64_sync+0x1a0/0x1a4 [ 73.570676] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- [ 73.575382] kvm: pmu event creation failed -2 The root cause remains the same: kvm->arch.pmuver was never set to something sensible because the VCPU feature itself was never set. The odroid-c4 is somewhat of a special case, because Linux doesn't probe the PMU. But the above errors can easily be reproduced on any hardware, with or without a PMU driver, as long as userspace doesn't set the PMU feature. Work around the fact that KVM advertises a PMU even when the VCPU feature is not set by gating all PMU emulation on the feature. The guest can still access the registers without KVM injecting an undefined exception. Signed-off-by: Alexandru Elisei Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220425145530.723858-1-alexandru.elisei@arm.com --- arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-emul.c | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-emul.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-emul.c index 78fdc443adc7dd..3dc990ac4f4499 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-emul.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-emul.c @@ -177,6 +177,9 @@ u64 kvm_pmu_get_counter_value(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 select_idx) struct kvm_pmu *pmu = &vcpu->arch.pmu; struct kvm_pmc *pmc = &pmu->pmc[select_idx]; + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu)) + return 0; + counter = kvm_pmu_get_pair_counter_value(vcpu, pmc); if (kvm_pmu_pmc_is_chained(pmc) && @@ -198,6 +201,9 @@ void kvm_pmu_set_counter_value(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 select_idx, u64 val) { u64 reg; + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu)) + return; + reg = (select_idx == ARMV8_PMU_CYCLE_IDX) ? PMCCNTR_EL0 : PMEVCNTR0_EL0 + select_idx; __vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, reg) += (s64)val - kvm_pmu_get_counter_value(vcpu, select_idx); @@ -322,6 +328,9 @@ void kvm_pmu_enable_counter_mask(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 val) struct kvm_pmu *pmu = &vcpu->arch.pmu; struct kvm_pmc *pmc; + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu)) + return; + if (!(__vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, PMCR_EL0) & ARMV8_PMU_PMCR_E) || !val) return; @@ -357,7 +366,7 @@ void kvm_pmu_disable_counter_mask(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 val) struct kvm_pmu *pmu = &vcpu->arch.pmu; struct kvm_pmc *pmc; - if (!val) + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu) || !val) return; for (i = 0; i < ARMV8_PMU_MAX_COUNTERS; i++) { @@ -527,6 +536,9 @@ void kvm_pmu_software_increment(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 val) struct kvm_pmu *pmu = &vcpu->arch.pmu; int i; + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu)) + return; + if (!(__vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, PMCR_EL0) & ARMV8_PMU_PMCR_E)) return; @@ -576,6 +588,9 @@ void kvm_pmu_handle_pmcr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 val) { int i; + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu)) + return; + if (val & ARMV8_PMU_PMCR_E) { kvm_pmu_enable_counter_mask(vcpu, __vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, PMCNTENSET_EL0)); @@ -739,6 +754,9 @@ void kvm_pmu_set_counter_event_type(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 data, { u64 reg, mask; + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu)) + return; + mask = ARMV8_PMU_EVTYPE_MASK; mask &= ~ARMV8_PMU_EVTYPE_EVENT; mask |= kvm_pmu_event_mask(vcpu->kvm); @@ -827,6 +845,9 @@ u64 kvm_pmu_get_pmceid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool pmceid1) u64 val, mask = 0; int base, i, nr_events; + if (!kvm_vcpu_has_pmu(vcpu)) + return 0; + if (!pmceid1) { val = read_sysreg(pmceid0_el0); base = 0; From 85ea6b1ec915c9dd90caf3674b203999d8c7e062 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marc Zyngier Date: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 15:38:10 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] KVM: arm64: Inject exception on out-of-IPA-range translation fault When taking a translation fault for an IPA that is outside of the range defined by the hypervisor (between the HW PARange and the IPA range), we stupidly treat it as an IO and forward the access to userspace. Of course, userspace can't do much with it, and things end badly. Arguably, the guest is braindead, but we should at least catch the case and inject an exception. Check the faulting IPA against: - the sanitised PARange: inject an address size fault - the IPA size: inject an abort Reported-by: Christoffer Dall Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier --- arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_emulate.h | 1 + arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 48 insertions(+) diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_emulate.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_emulate.h index 7496deab025ad3..f71358271b71c1 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_emulate.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_emulate.h @@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ void kvm_inject_undefined(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); void kvm_inject_vabt(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); void kvm_inject_dabt(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long addr); void kvm_inject_pabt(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long addr); +void kvm_inject_size_fault(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); void kvm_vcpu_wfi(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c index b47df73e98d782..ba20405d2dc2fd 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c @@ -145,6 +145,34 @@ void kvm_inject_pabt(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long addr) inject_abt64(vcpu, true, addr); } +void kvm_inject_size_fault(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) +{ + unsigned long addr, esr; + + addr = kvm_vcpu_get_fault_ipa(vcpu); + addr |= kvm_vcpu_get_hfar(vcpu) & GENMASK(11, 0); + + if (kvm_vcpu_trap_is_iabt(vcpu)) + kvm_inject_pabt(vcpu, addr); + else + kvm_inject_dabt(vcpu, addr); + + /* + * If AArch64 or LPAE, set FSC to 0 to indicate an Address + * Size Fault at level 0, as if exceeding PARange. + * + * Non-LPAE guests will only get the external abort, as there + * is no way to to describe the ASF. + */ + if (vcpu_el1_is_32bit(vcpu) && + !(vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, TCR_EL1) & TTBCR_EAE)) + return; + + esr = vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, ESR_EL1); + esr &= ~GENMASK_ULL(5, 0); + vcpu_write_sys_reg(vcpu, esr, ESR_EL1); +} + /** * kvm_inject_undefined - inject an undefined instruction into the guest * @vcpu: The vCPU in which to inject the exception diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c index 53ae2c0640bc2a..5400fc020164e8 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c @@ -1337,6 +1337,25 @@ int kvm_handle_guest_abort(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) fault_ipa = kvm_vcpu_get_fault_ipa(vcpu); is_iabt = kvm_vcpu_trap_is_iabt(vcpu); + if (fault_status == FSC_FAULT) { + /* Beyond sanitised PARange (which is the IPA limit) */ + if (fault_ipa >= BIT_ULL(get_kvm_ipa_limit())) { + kvm_inject_size_fault(vcpu); + return 1; + } + + /* Falls between the IPA range and the PARange? */ + if (fault_ipa >= BIT_ULL(vcpu->arch.hw_mmu->pgt->ia_bits)) { + fault_ipa |= kvm_vcpu_get_hfar(vcpu) & GENMASK(11, 0); + + if (is_iabt) + kvm_inject_pabt(vcpu, fault_ipa); + else + kvm_inject_dabt(vcpu, fault_ipa); + return 1; + } + } + /* Synchronous External Abort? */ if (kvm_vcpu_abt_issea(vcpu)) { /*