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Subject: Unusual traffic - Wireshark Revealed: Essential Skills for IT Professionals
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<div id=3D"sbo-rt-content" style=3D"transform: none;"><div class=3D"annotat=
or-wrapper"><div class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h1 c=
lass=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch07lvl1sec52"></a>Unusual traffic</h1></div></div>=
</div><p>While it is<a id=3D"id656" class=3D"indexterm"></a> difficult to a=
nticipate what methods a hacker may <a id=3D"id657" class=3D"indexterm"></a=
>use in an attempt to infiltrate a network or host, there are a few things =
that should probably never happen on a normal, healthy network. Due to thei=
r usefulness in testing and conveying error conditions, ICMP packets are a =
likely target for malicious redirection. Since TCP is the predominant trans=
port protocol in use for most applications, you should look out for abnorma=
lities in TCP headers or payloads that could be a sign of malicious intent.=
</p><p>Some examples of<a id=3D"id658" class=3D"indexterm"></a> abnormaliti=
es to look out for are discussed in the following table:</p><div class=3D"i=
nformaltable"><table border=3D"1"><colgroup><col style=3D"text-align: left"=
><col style=3D"text-align: left"></colgroup><thead><tr><th style=3D"text-al=
ign: left" valign=3D"bottom">
<p>Suspicious content</p>
</th><th style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"bottom">
<p>Description</p>
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>TCP bad flags</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>An illegal or unlikely combination of TCP flags. The SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK, =
PSH, FIN, and RST flags are normal when they're used in the appropriate pla=
ces; anything otherwise warrants investigation.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>SYN packet contains data</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>The initial TCP SYN packet should never contain payload data; it is used=
to establish a session only. Note, however, that the third ACK packet in t=
he TCP can contain data.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>Suspicious datagram payload contents</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>References to the operating system or other non-application directories,=
strange executables, or other payload data that doesn't seem to fit the pu=
rpose of the application being used to send the data.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>Suspicious ping payload text</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>The text used to fill in the payload of an ICMP Echo Request packet is u=
sually a benign sequential series of letters and numbers or similar meaning=
less text. If this text appears to carry commands or meaningful data, it wa=
rrants investigation.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>Clear text passwords in FTP or Telnet sessions</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>Seeing<a id=3D"id659" class=3D"indexterm"></a> FTP used to transport sen=
sitive business data, or Telnet to administer switches and routers, isn't m=
alicious intent by a hacker. It's negligent practice by employees as both p=
rotocols, by design, transmit clear text login IDs and passwords over the n=
etwork, making it easy for even an unsophisticated hacker to capture them. =
There are <a id=3D"id660" class=3D"indexterm"></a>
<span class=3D"strong"><strong>Secure FTP</strong></span> (<span class=3D"s=
trong"><strong>sftp</strong></span>) and <a id=3D"id661" class=3D"indexterm=
"></a>
<span class=3D"strong"><strong>Secure Shell</strong></span> (<span class=3D=
"strong"><strong>SSH</strong></span>) (Telnet alternative) solutions for al=
l platforms available on the Web.</p>
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