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Subject: Configuring Ethernet, ARP, host, and network filters - Wireshark Revealed: Essential Skills for IT Professionals
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<div id=3D"sbo-rt-content" style=3D"transform: none;"><div class=3D"annotat=
or-wrapper"><div class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h1 c=
lass=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl1sec026"></a>Configuring Ethernet, ARP, host=
, and network filters</h1></div></div></div><p>In this recipe we will <a id=
=3D"id0280" class=3D"indexterm"></a>discuss <a id=3D"id0281" class=3D"index=
term"></a>how to configure filters of layers 2 and 3, <a id=3D"id0282" clas=
s=3D"indexterm"></a>that is, Ethernet- and IP-based filters respectively. W=
e will <a id=3D"id0283" class=3D"indexterm"></a>also discuss <span class=3D=
"strong"><strong>Address Resolution Protocol</strong></span> (<span class=
=3D"strong"><strong>ARP</strong></span>) filters.</p><div class=3D"section"=
><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h2 class=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl2se=
c068"></a>Getting ready</h2></div></div></div><p>In layer 2 we will configu=
re Ethernet-based filters, while in layer 3 we will configure IP-based filt=
ers. In Ethernet we have filters based on the Ethernet frame and the MAC ad=
dress, while in IP we have filters based on the IP packet and address.</p><=
p>The common frame delta filters are as follows:</p><div class=3D"itemizedl=
ist"><ul class=3D"itemizedlist"><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-=
type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">frame.time_delta</code>: This is <a id=
=3D"id0284" class=3D"indexterm"></a>used for the time delta between the cur=
rent <a id=3D"id0285" class=3D"indexterm"></a>and previously captured frame=
s; this will be used in statistical graphs displayed in <a class=3D"link" h=
ref=3D"https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/wireshark-revealed-essenti=
al/9781788833226/ch13.html">Chapter 5</a>, <span class=3D"emphasis"><em>Usi=
ng Advanced Statistics Tools</em></span></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=
=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">frame.time_delta_display=
ed</code>: <a id=3D"id0286" class=3D"indexterm"></a>This is used for the ti=
me delta between current and previously displayed frames; this will be used=
in statistical graphs displayed in <a class=3D"link" href=3D"https://learn=
ing.oreilly.com/library/view/wireshark-revealed-essential/9781788833226/ch1=
3.html">Chapter 5</a>, <span class=3D"emphasis"><em>Using Advanced Statisti=
cs Tools</em></span></li></ul></div><p>Since the time between frames can in=
fluence TCP performance significantly, we will use the <code class=3D"liter=
al">frame.time_delta</code> parameters in statistical graphs for monitoring=
TCP performance.</p><p>The common layer 2 (Ethernet) filters are as follow=
s:</p><div class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=3D"itemizedlist"><li class=3D"l=
istitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">eth.addr =
=3D=3D <MAC Address></code>: This is <a id=3D"id0287" class=3D"indext=
erm"></a>used to display a specific MAC address</li><li class=3D"listitem" =
style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">eth.src =3D=3D <=
MAC Address></code>: This is <a id=3D"id0288" class=3D"indexterm"></a>us=
ed to get the source MAC address</li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-s=
tyle-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">eth.dst =3D=3D <MAC Address>=
</code>: <a id=3D"id0289" class=3D"indexterm"></a>This is used to get the d=
estination MAC address</li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type:=
disc"><code class=3D"literal">eth.type =3D=3D <Protocol Type (Hexa)>=
</code>: <a id=3D"id0290" class=3D"indexterm"></a>This is used to get the E=
thernet protocol types</li></ul></div><p>The common ARP filters are as foll=
ows:</p><div class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=3D"itemizedlist"><li class=3D=
"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">arp.opco=
de =3D=3D <value></code>: This <a id=3D"id0291" class=3D"indexterm"><=
/a>is used for ARP requests/responses</li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"l=
ist-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">arp.src.hw_mac =3D=3D <MAC=
Address></code>: <a id=3D"id0292" class=3D"indexterm"></a>This is used =
to capture the ARP address of the sender</li></ul></div><p>The common layer=
3 (IP) filters are as follows:</p><div class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=3D=
"itemizedlist"><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code=
class=3D"literal">ip.addr =3D=3D <IP Address></code>: This <a id=3D"=
id0293" class=3D"indexterm"></a>is used to get the source or destination IP=
address</li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code c=
lass=3D"literal">ip.src =3D=3D <IP Address></code>: This is <a id=3D"=
id0294" class=3D"indexterm"></a>used to get the source IP address</li><li c=
lass=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">i=
p.dst =3D=3D <IP Address></code>: This <a id=3D"id0295" class=3D"inde=
xterm"></a>is used to get the destination IP address</li><li class=3D"listi=
tem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">ip.ttl =3D=3D =
<value></code>, <code class=3D"literal">ip.ttl < value></code>,=
or <code class=3D"literal">ip.ttl > <value></code>: This is used =
to <a id=3D"id0296" class=3D"indexterm"></a>get <a id=3D"id0297" class=3D"i=
ndexterm"></a>IP TTL (Time To Live) values</li><li class=3D"listitem" style=
=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">ip.len =3D <value>=
</code>, <code class=3D"literal">ip.len > <value></code>, or <code=
class=3D"literal">ip.len < <value></code>: This is used to <a id=
=3D"id0298" class=3D"indexterm"></a>get <a id=3D"id0299" class=3D"indexterm=
"></a>IP packet length values</li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-styl=
e-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">ip.version =3D=3D <4/6></code>:=
This <a id=3D"id0300" class=3D"indexterm"></a>is used to get the IP protoc=
ol version (Version 4 or Version 6)</li></ul></div></div><div class=3D"sect=
ion"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h2 class=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lv=
l2sec069"></a>How to do it...</h2></div></div></div><p>Here we will see som=
e common examples for layer 2 and 3 filters.</p><div class=3D"informaltable=
"><table border=3D"1"><colgroup><col style=3D"text-align: left"><col style=
=3D"text-align: left"><col style=3D"text-align: left"></colgroup><thead><tr=
><th style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"bottom">
<p>Address format</p>
</th><th style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"bottom">
<p>Syntax</p>
</th><th style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"bottom">
<p>Example</p>
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan=3D"3" style=3D"text-align: left" v=
align=3D"top">
<p>Ethernet <a id=3D"id0301" class=3D"indexterm"></a>(MAC) address</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">eth.addr =3D=3D xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx</code>
</p>
<p>Here, <code class=3D"literal">x</code> =3D 0 to f.</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">eth.addr =3D=3D 00:50:7f:cd:d5:38</code>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">eth.addr =3D=3D xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx</code> </p>
<p>Here, <code class=3D"literal">x</code> =3D 0 to f.</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">eth.addr =3D=3D 00-50-7f-cd-d5-38</code>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">eth.addr =3D=3D xxxx.xxxx.xxxx</code>
</p>
<p>Here <code class=3D"literal">x</code> =3D 0 to f.</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">eth.addr =3D=3D 0050.7fcd.d538</code>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>Broadcast <a id=3D"id0302" class=3D"indexterm"></a>MAC address</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">Eth.addr =3D=3D ffff.ffff.ffff</code>
</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top"> </td></tr><tr><td =
style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>IPv4 <a id=3D"id0303" class=3D"indexterm"></a>host address</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ip.addr =3D=3D x.x.x.x</code>
</p>
<p>Here, <code class=3D"literal">x</code> =3D 0 to 255.</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">Ip.addr =3D=3D 192.168.1.1</code>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>IPv4 <a id=3D"id0304" class=3D"indexterm"></a>network address</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ip.addr =3D=3D x.x.x.x/y</code>
</p>
<p>Here <code class=3D"literal">x</code> =3D 0 to 255, <code class=3D"liter=
al">y</code> =3D 0 to 32.</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ip.addr =3D=3D 192.168.200.0/24</code>
</p>
<p>This covers all the addresses in the network 192.168.200.0 mask 255.255.=
255.0.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>IPv6 <a id=3D"id0305" class=3D"indexterm"></a>host address</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =3D=3D x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x</code>
</p>
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =3D=3D x::x:x:x:x</code>
</p>
<p>Here in the format of nnnn, <code class=3D"literal">n</code> =3D 0 to f =
(Hex).</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =3D=3D fe80::85ab:dc2e:ab12:e6c7</code>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>IPv6 <a id=3D"id0306" class=3D"indexterm"></a>network address</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =3D=3D x::/y</code>
</p>
<p>Here <code class=3D"literal">x</code> =3D 0 to f (Hex) and <code class=
=3D"literal">y</code> =3D 0 to 128.</p>
</td><td style=3D"text-align: left" valign=3D"top">
<p>
<code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =3D=3D fe80::/16</code>
</p>
<p>This covers all the addresses that start with the 16 bits <code class=3D=
"literal">fe80</code>.</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The table refers to <code class=3D"liter=
al">ip.addr</code> and <code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr</code> filter stri=
ngs. The value for any field that has an IP address value can be written th=
e same way.</p><div class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h=
3 class=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl3sec027"></a>Ethernet filters</h3></div><=
/div></div><p>These are classified into <a id=3D"id0307" class=3D"indexterm=
"></a>two categories:</p><div class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=3D"itemizedl=
ist"><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display only=
packets sent from or to specific MAC addresses, use something like these: =
<code class=3D"literal">eth.src =3D=3D 10:0b:a9:33:64:18</code> and <code c=
lass=3D"literal">eth.dst =3D=3D 10:0b:a9:33:64:18</code></li><li class=3D"l=
istitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display only broadcasts, use <c=
ode class=3D"literal">Eth.dst =3D=3D ffff.ffff.ffff</code></li></ul></div><=
/div><div class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h3 class=3D=
"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl3sec028"></a>ARP filters</h3></div></div></div><p>T=
hese are classified <a id=3D"id0308" class=3D"indexterm"></a>into two categ=
ories:</p><div class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=3D"itemizedlist"><li class=
=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display only ARP requests,=
use <code class=3D"literal">arp.opcode =3D=3D 1</code></li><li class=3D"li=
stitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display only ARP responses, use =
<code class=3D"literal">arp.opcode =3D=3D 2</code></li></ul></div></div><di=
v class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h3 class=3D"title">=
<a id=3D"ch03lvl3sec029"></a>IP and ICMP filters</h3></div></div></div><div=
class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=3D"itemizedlist"><li class=3D"listitem" s=
tyle=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display only packets from a specific IP a=
ddress, use something like this: <code class=3D"literal">ip.src =3D=3D 10.1=
.1.254</code></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To=
display only packets that <a id=3D"id0309" class=3D"indexterm"></a>are not=
from a specific address, use something like <a id=3D"id0310" class=3D"inde=
xterm"></a>this: <code class=3D"literal">!ip.src =3D=3D 64.23.1.1</code></l=
i><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display only pa=
ckets between two hosts, use something like these: <code class=3D"literal">=
ip.addr =3D=3D 192.168.1.1</code> and <code class=3D"literal">ip.addr =3D=
=3D 200.1.1.1</code></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: d=
isc">To display only packets that are sent to multicast IP addresses, use s=
omething like this: <code class=3D"literal">ip.dst =3D=3D 224.0.0.0/4</code=
></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display onl=
y packets coming from the network 192.168.1.0/24 (mask 255.255.255.0), use =
<code class=3D"literal">ip.src=3D=3D192.168.1.0/24</code></li><li class=3D"=
listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To display only IPv6 packets to/f=
rom specific addresses, use something like the following:<div class=3D"item=
izedlist"><ul class=3D"itemizedlist"><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-s=
tyle-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =3D=3D ::1</code></li><l=
i class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal=
">ipv6.addr =3D=3D 2008:0:130F:0:0:09d0:666A:13ab</code></li><li class=3D"l=
istitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =
=3D=3D 2006:0:130f::9c2:876a:130b</code></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=
=3D"list-style-type: disc"><code class=3D"literal">ipv6.addr =3D=3D ::</cod=
e></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class=3D"section"><div class=
=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h3 class=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl3sec030"></a>C=
omplex filters</h3></div></div></div><div class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=
=3D"itemizedlist"><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To=
check for packets sent from the network 10.0.0.0/24 to a website that cont=
ains the word <code class=3D"literal">packt</code>, use <code class=3D"lite=
ral">ip.src =3D=3D 10.0.0.0/24</code> and <code class=3D"literal">http.host=
contains "packt"</code></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-typ=
e: disc">To check for packets sent <a id=3D"id0311" class=3D"indexterm"></a=
>from the network 10.0.0.0/24 to websites that end with <code class=3D"lite=
ral">.com</code>, use <code class=3D"literal">ip.addr =3D=3D 10.0.0.0/24</c=
ode> and <code class=3D"literal">http.host matches "\.com$"</code></li><li =
class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">To check for all the bro=
adcasts from the source IP address 10.0.0.0, use <code class=3D"literal">ip=
.src =3D=3D 10.0.0.0/24</code> and <code class=3D"literal">eth.dst =3D=3D f=
fff.ffff.ffff</code></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: d=
isc">To check for all the broadcasts that are not ARP requests, use <code c=
lass=3D"literal">not arp</code> and <code class=3D"literal">eth.dst =3D=3D =
ffff.ffff.ffff</code></li><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: =
disc">To check for all the packets that are not ICMP, use <code class=3D"li=
teral">!arp || !icmp</code>, and to check for all the packets that are not =
ARP, use <code class=3D"literal">not arp or not icmp</code></li></ul></div>=
</div></div><div class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h2 c=
lass=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl2sec070"></a>How it works...</h2></div></div=
></div><p>Here are some explanations to the filters we saw in the <span cla=
ss=3D"emphasis"><em>How to do it...</em></span> section of this recipe.</p>=
<div class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h3 class=3D"titl=
e"><a id=3D"ch03lvl3sec031"></a>Ethernet broadcasts</h3></div></div></div><=
p>In Ethernet, broadcasts are <a id=3D"id0312" class=3D"indexterm"></a>pack=
ets that are sent to addresses with all 1s in the destination field and thi=
s is why, to find all broadcasts in the network, we insert the filter <code=
class=3D"literal">eth.dst =3D=3D ffff.ffff.ffff</code>.</p></div><div clas=
s=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h3 class=3D"title"><a id=
=3D"ch03lvl3sec032"></a>IPv4 multicasts</h3></div></div></div><p>IPv4 multi=
casts are packets <a id=3D"id0313" class=3D"indexterm"></a>that are sent to=
an address in the address range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 that is in bi=
nary of the address range 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000 to 11101111.1=
1111111.11111111.11111111.</p><p>If you look at the binary representation, =
a destination multicast address is an address that starts with three 1s and=
a 0, and therefore, a filter to IPv4 multicast destinations will be <code =
class=3D"literal">ip.dst =3D=3D 224.0.0.0/4</code>. That is, an address tha=
t starts with four 1s (224), and a subnet mask of 4 bits (<code class=3D"li=
teral">/4</code>) will indicate a network <a id=3D"id0314" class=3D"indexte=
rm"></a>address ranger from 224 to 239 that will filter multicast addresses=
.</p></div><div class=3D"section"><div class=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h3 cl=
ass=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl3sec033"></a>IPv6 multicasts</h3></div></div>=
</div><p>IPv6 multicasts are packets that are <a id=3D"id0315" class=3D"ind=
exterm"></a>sent to an address that starts with ff (first two hex digits =
=3D <code class=3D"literal">ff</code>), then one-digit flags, and scope. Th=
erefore when we write the filter <code class=3D"literal">ipv6.dst =3D=3D ff=
00::/8</code>, it means to display all the packets in IPv6 that are sent to=
an address that starts with the string <code class=3D"literal">ff</code>, =
that is, IPv6 multicasts.</p></div></div><div class=3D"section"><div class=
=3D"titlepage"><div><div><h2 class=3D"title"><a id=3D"ch03lvl2sec071"></a>S=
ee also</h2></div></div></div><div class=3D"itemizedlist"><ul class=3D"item=
izedlist"><li class=3D"listitem" style=3D"list-style-type: disc">For more i=
nformation on Ethernet, refer to <a class=3D"link" href=3D"https://learning=
.oreilly.com/library/view/wireshark-revealed-essential/9781788833226/ch15.h=
tml">Chapter 7</a>, <span class=3D"emphasis"><em>Ethernet, LAN Switching, a=
nd Wireless LAN</em></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=3D"annota=
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