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chicago.bst
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chicago.bst
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%%% ====================================================================
%%% @BibTeX-style-file{
%%% author = "Glenn Paulley",
%%% version = "4",
%%% date = "28 August 1992",
%%% time = "10:23:39 199",
%%% filename = "chicago.bst",
%%% address = "Data Structuring Group
%%% Department of Computer Science
%%% University of Waterloo
%%% Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
%%% N2L 3G1",
%%% telephone = "(519) 885-1211",
%%% FAX = "(519) 885-1208",
%%% checksum = "26323 1654 5143 37417",
%%% email = "[email protected]",
%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
%%% keywords = "",
%%% supported = "yes",
%%% abstract = "A BibTeX bibliography style that follows the
%%% `B' reference style of the 13th Edition of
%%% the Chicago Manual of Style. A detailed
%%% feature list is given below.",
%%% docstring = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%% }
%%% ====================================================================
%
% "Chicago" BibTeX style, chicago.bst
% ===================================
%
% BibTeX `chicago' style file for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 2.09
% Place it in a file called chicago.bst in the BibTeX search path.
% You need to include chicago.sty as a \documentstyle option.
% (Placing it in the same directory as the LaTeX document should also work.)
% This "chicago" style is based on newapa.bst (American Psych. Assoc.)
% found at ymir.claremont.edu.
%
% Citation format: (author-last-name year)
% (author-last-name and author-last-name year)
% (author-last-name, author-last-name, and author-last-name year)
% (author-last-name et al. year)
% (author-last-name)
% author-last-name (year)
% (author-last-name and author-last-name)
% (author-last-name et al.)
% (year) or (year,year)
% year or year,year
%
% Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
% for author in the absence of one.
%
% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
% year-only citations. This is done by having the citations
% actually look like
%
% \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
%
% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
%
% \let\@internalcite\cite
% \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
% \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
% \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
% \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
% \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
%
% These TeX macro definitions are found in chicago.sty. Additional
% commands to manipulate different components of a citation can be defined
% so that, for example, you can list author's names without parentheses
% if using a citation as a noun or object in a sentence.
%
% This file was originally copied from newapa.bst at ymir.claremont.edu.
%
% Features of chicago.bst:
% =======================
%
% - full names used in citations, but abbreviated citations are available
% (see above)
% - if an entry has a "month", then the month and year are also printed
% as part of that bibitem.
% - all conjunctions use "and" instead of "\&"
% - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
% only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
% additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
% - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
% article entries.
% - book, inbook, and manual use "location: publisher" (or organization)
% for address and publisher. All other types list publishers separately.
% - "pp." are used to identify page numbers for all entry types except
% articles.
% - organization is used as a citation label if neither author nor editor
% is present (for manuals).
% - "et al." is used for long author and editor lists, or when "others"
% is used.
%
% Modifications and bug fixes from newapa.bst:
% ===========================================
%
% - added month, year to bib entries if month is present
% - fixed bug with In proceedings, added necessary comma after title
% - all conjunctions changed to "and" from "\&"
% - fixed bug with author labels in my.full.label: "et al." now is
% generated when "others" is an author name
% - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
% only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
% additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
% - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
% article entries. Unnecessary (IMHO) "()" around page numbers
% were removed, and page numbers now don't end with a period.
% - created chicago.sty for use with this bibstyle (required).
% - fixed bugs in FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} for missing volume,
% number, and /or pages. Renamed to format.jour.vol.
% - fixed bug in formatting booktitles: additional period an error if
% book has a volume.
% - fixed bug: editors usually given redundant period before next clause
% (format.editors.dot) removed.
% - added label support for organizations, if both author and editor
% are missing (from alpha.bst). If organization is too long, then
% the key field is used for abbreviated citations.
% - In proceedings or books of several volumes, no comma was written
% between the "Volume x" and the page numbers (this was intentional
% in newapa.bst). Fixed.
% - Some journals may not have volumes/numbers, only month/year (eg.
% IEEE Computer). Fixed bug in article style that assumed volume/number
% was always present.
%
% Original documentation for newapa.sty:
% =====================================
%
% This version was made by modifying the master file made by
% Oren Patashnik ([email protected]), and the 'named' BibTeX
% style of Peter F. Patel-Schneider.
%
% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than 'newapa.bst'.
% There are undoubtably bugs in this style. If you make bug fixes,
% improvements, etc. please let me know. My e-mail address is:
%
% This style was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
journal
key
month
note
number
organization
pages
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
}
{}
{ label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t u }
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
newline$
"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
% Use a colon to separate output. Used only for address/publisher
% combination in book/inbook types, address/institution for manuals,
% and organization:publisher for proceedings (inproceedings).
%
FUNCTION {output.nonnull.colon}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ": " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
newline$
"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.colon}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull.colon
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check.colon}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull.colon
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.year.check}
{ year empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ write$
" (" year * extra.label *
month empty$
{ ")" * }
{ ", " * month * ")" * }
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
write$
newline$
}
FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{ 'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}
%
% Emphasize the top string on the stack.
%
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
%
% Emphasize the top string on the stack, but add a trailing space.
%
FUNCTION {emphasize.space}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }
if$
}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
%
% Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,
% and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.
% All names are formatted in this routine.
%
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 =
{s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't := }
{s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
if$
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {my.full.label}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't := % get the next name
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.fml}
%
% Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by
% last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.
%
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * }
% { " \& " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
{ "" }
{ author format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
{ key field.or.null }
{ "" }
if$
}
%
% Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,
% inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the
% LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors
% by last name first.
%
FUNCTION {format.editors.fml}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ editor format.names.fml
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " (Eds.)" * }
{ " (Ed.)" * }
if$
}
if$
}
%
% Format editor names for use in labels, last names first.
%
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ editor format.names
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " (Eds.)" * }
{ " (Ed.)" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
{ "" }
{ title "t" change.case$ }
if$
}
% Note that the APA style requres case changes
% in article titles. The following does not
% change cases. If you perfer it, uncomment the
% following and comment out the above.
%FUNCTION {format.title}
%{ title empty$
% { "" }
% { title }
% if$
%}
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ edition empty$
{ title emphasize }
{ title empty$
{ title emphasize }
{ volume empty$ % gnp - check for volume, then don't need period
{ "{\em " title * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * "." * }
{ "{\em " title * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.emphasize.booktitle}
{ edition empty$
{ booktitle emphasize }
{ booktitle empty$
{ booktitle emphasize }
{ volume empty$ % gnp - extra period an error if book has a volume
{ "{\em " booktitle * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * "." *}
{ "{\em " booktitle * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
series empty$
'skip$
{ " of " * series emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "Number" } % gnp - changed to mixed case always
{ "Number" }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ " in " * series * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ pages multi.page.check
{ "pp.\ " pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect } % gnp - removed ()
{ "pp.\ " pages tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}
% By Young (and Spencer)
% GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages
%
% Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.
%
FUNCTION {format.jour.vol}
{ journal empty$
{ "no journal in " cite$ * warning$
"" }
{ journal emphasize.space }
if$
number empty$
{ volume empty$
{ "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$
"" * }
{ "~{\em " * Volume * "}" * }
if$
}
{ volume empty$
{"no volume for " cite$ * warning$
"~(" * number * ")" * }
{ "~" *
volume emphasize.space
"(" * number * ")" * * }
if$
}
if$
pages empty$
{"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$
"" * } % gnp - place a null string on the stack for output
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ format.pages }
{ ", " * pages n.dashify * } % gnp - removed pp. for articles
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
'format.pages
{ type empty$
{ "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
{ type "t" change.case$ }
if$
chapter tie.or.space.connect
pages empty$
{"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check
{ ", " * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ editor empty$
{ "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
{ "In " format.editors.fml * ", " * format.emphasize.booktitle * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
'skip$
{ pop$
type "t" change.case$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ "Technical Report" }
'type
if$
number empty$
{ "t" change.case$ }
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ "See"
"\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
editor num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$ " et~al." * }
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
"In "
}
{ "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
" of " *
}
if$
editor empty$
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty$
{ series empty$
{ "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
"" *
}
{ "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
if$
}
{ key * }
if$
}
{ format.crossref.editor * }
if$
" \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ "See"
" \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
% format.lab.names:
%
% determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.
% "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label
% to format author and editor fields.
%
% There are 4 cases for labels. (n=3 in the example)
% a) one author Foo
% b) one to n Foo, Bar and Baz
% c) use of "and others" Foo, Bar et al.
% d) more than n Foo et al.
%
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames #2 > % change number to number of others allowed before
% forcing "et al".
{ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al." * }
{
numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
#2 'nameptr :=
s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr numnames =
{ s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
}
{ ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "no key, editor in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
%
% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
%
{ author empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "no key, author or organization in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ organization }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
%
% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
%
{ editor empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ organization }
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION {calc.label}
%
% Changed - GNP. See also author.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
% Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
% for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
% The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
% citation label if author or editor is missing.
%
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.organization.label
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.key.organization.label
'author.key.label
if$
}
if$
}
if$
author empty$ % generate the full label citation information.
{ editor empty$
{ organization empty$
{ "no author, editor, or organization in " cite$ * warning$
"??" }
{ organization }
if$
}
{ editor my.full.label }
if$
}
{ author my.full.label }
if$
% leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.
"}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
% year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
%
% save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
%
year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
'label.year :=
}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
"\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
calc.label write$