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Marshmallow

Members

Amaresh Bingumalla

Balachandar Sampath

Ejaz Saifudeen

Prasanth Venugopal

To have a higher learning curve and to decrease dependency on external tools, this is language is completely developed from scratch using only C++.

  1. Lexer: This takes in the program as input and creates tokens out of the program.
    1. This analyzes the input program to create tokens.
  2. Parser: Tokens from the Lexer is fed as input to Parser which generates Parse Tree and Symbol table. 1. This is a recursive descent parser with look ahead. 2. This part takes care of semantic analysis and generating the parse tree. 3. This generates symbol table which is a doubly linked N-ary tree structure. 4. This throws an error if the given program has syntax errors.
  3. Intermediate Code: This generates the bytecode based on the parse tree in which is in agreement with the runtime.
    1. This part recursively walks through the tree and generates the byte code using the opcodes.
  4. Runtime Environment: This takes the bytecode and does the execution of the program written. This gives out the output after completing the execution.
    1. Stack Model is used for execution.
    2. Bytecode is traversed and executed with the stack holding current values.

Grammar

program ::= (stmt)+
letter ::= [a-zA-Z]
digit ::= [0-9]
identifier ::= (letter|"_") (letter | digit | "_")*
funcname ::= identifier
integer ::= "-"?digit(digit)*
stmt     ::= assignment_stmt NEWLINE
                | print_stmt NEWLINE
                | return_stmt NEWLINE
                | break_stmt NEWLINE
                | continue_stmt NEWLINE
                | exec_stmt NEWLINE
	    | if_stmt
                | while_stmt
                | func_def
block ::= NEWLINE INDENT (stmt )+ DEDENT
if_stmt ::= "if" expression block
            ( "elif" expression block )*
            ("else" block)?
while_stmt ::= "while" expression block
funcdef ::= "function" funcname "(" parameters ")" block
parameters ::= identifier (',' identifier)*
print ::= “print” expression
assignment_stmt ::= identifier "=" expression
return ::= “return” expression
break ::= “break”
continue ::= “continue”
arguments ::= expression (‘,’expression)*
exec_stmt ::= funcname "(" arguments ")"
expression ::= or_expr
or_expr ::= and_expr | and_expr "or" or_expr
and_expr ::= not_expr | not_expr "and" and_expr
not_expr ::= comp_expr | "not" not_expr
comp_expr ::= a_expr | a_expr  comp_opr comp_expr
a_expr ::= m_expr | m_expr "+" a_expr | m_expr "-" a_expr
m_expr ::= unit| unit "*" m_expr | unit "/" m_expr | unit "%" m_expr
unit ::= integer | identifier | “(” expression“)” | exec_stmt
comp_opr ::=
             "<" | ">" | "==" | ">=" | "<=" | "<>"

YouTube Video Link : https://youtu.be/xsFWnLc8laA

This video talks gives an overview about the development and abilities of this programming language.

Platform Windows(Mingw required) Mac OS (cmake required) Linux (cmake required)

Tools

Cmake : CMake is an open-source, cross-platform family of tools designed to build, test and package software.

Installation and Running

~$ git clone https://github.com/ej-z/SER502-Spring2018-Team15.git

~$ cd SER502-Spring2018-Team15; mkdir bin; cd bin;

~$ cmake ../

~$ make

~$ ./melloc "../data/<input source code file.mlw>"

~$ ./mello "../data/<input bytecode file.o>"

Design

Sample Program

a = 5
i = 1
if (a%2 == 0)
 print (a)
else
 while (i<a)
  print(i)
  i = i+1

SAMPLE PARSE TREE STRUCTURE

SAMPLE SYMBOL TABLE TREE STRUCTURE

SAMPLE PROGRAM BYTE CODE

0 PUSH 5
2 STORE #0
4 PUSH 1
6 STORE #1
8 PUSH 0
10 PUSH 2
12 LOAD #0
14 MOD
15 EQ
16 BRF $22
18 LOAD #0
20 PRINT
21 BR $40
23 PUSH 10
25 LOAD #1
27 LT
28 BRF $40
30 LOAD #1
32 PRINT
33 PUSH 1
35 LOAD #1
37 ADD
38 STORE #1
40 EXIT

Output

1
2
3
4

Abilities of the Language:

Datatypes supported:

Boolean
Int

This language supports:

  1. Assignment Operations

    a = 10

  2. Arithmetic Operators

    1. "+", "-", "*", "/", "%" - modulo

    b = 4 + 8

  3. Logical Operators

    1. or
    2. and
    3. not

  4. Comparision Operators

    1. "<", "<=", ">", ">=", "==", "<>"

  5. Identifiers

    1. Global variables
    2. Local variables

  6. Print statements

    print 100

  7. Continue Statements.

    continue

  8. Return Statements.

    Example 1: return 10

    Example 2: return a

  9. Break statements.

    break

  10. Conditional Statements

    1. if-elif-else
if ( a % 5 == 0 )
 print 5
elif ( a % 2 == 0 )
 print 2
else 
 print 0

IF BLOCK

  1. Loop Statements

    1. while
a = 10
while(a > 0)
 print a
 a = a - 1

WHILE BLOCK

  1. Functions - Need to be defined at the top of the program

    1. Simple function execution
    2. Function execution with return values
    3. Recursion
    4. Operations on return values
function mangle(n)
 d = 5
  if 2 < 3
   n = 2 * 3 + 5 - 8 / 2
  else
   g = 4
 return n

Recursion Example:

function fib(n)
 if n <= 1
  return n
 return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
ans = fib(7)
print ans

  1. Scopes

    1. Handling block scopes, with different symbol table for each scope.
    2. Handling scopes inside a functions.
    3. Handling scopes inside conditional and Loop Statements.

Bonus Features

Implemented the following extra features:

  1. Functions - Recursion, Nested
  2. Variable Scope
  3. Recursive Descent Parser from scratch
  4. Lexer from Scratch
  5. Symbol Table Implementation to manage scope
  6. Nested Conditions
  7. Print statement
  8. Return Statement
  9. Break Statement
  10. Continue Statement