diff --git a/wasm/vp_implicit/Cargo.toml b/wasm/vp_implicit/Cargo.toml
index 8780efd5a3..89e1b54348 100644
--- a/wasm/vp_implicit/Cargo.toml
+++ b/wasm/vp_implicit/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ namada_tx_prelude.workspace = true
 namada_vp_prelude.workspace = true
 wee_alloc.workspace = true
 getrandom.workspace = true
-once_cell.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 namada = {path = "../../crates/namada"}
diff --git a/wasm/vp_user/Cargo.toml b/wasm/vp_user/Cargo.toml
index b51bbbd6b5..f94e5e6b85 100644
--- a/wasm/vp_user/Cargo.toml
+++ b/wasm/vp_user/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ namada_tx_prelude.workspace = true
 namada_vp_prelude.workspace = true
 wee_alloc.workspace = true
 getrandom.workspace = true
-once_cell.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 namada = {path = "../../crates/namada"}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/Cargo.toml b/wasm_for_tests/Cargo.toml
index 2716bfb8af..069ca169cc 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/Cargo.toml
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,19 +2,24 @@
 resolver = "2"
 
 members = [
+    "tx_fail",
+    "tx_infinite_guest_gas",
+    "tx_infinite_host_gas",
+    "tx_invalid_data",
     "tx_memory_limit",
     "tx_no_op",
-    "tx_fail",
+    "tx_proposal_code",
+    "tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation",
+    "tx_proposal_masp_reward",
     "tx_read_storage_key",
     "tx_write",
     "vp_always_false",
     "vp_always_true",
     "vp_eval",
+    "vp_infinite_guest_gas",
+    "vp_infinite_host_gas",
     "vp_memory_limit",
     "vp_read_storage_key",
-    "tx_proposal_code",
-    "tx_proposal_masp_reward",
-    "tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation",
 ]
 
 [workspace.package]
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/Makefile b/wasm_for_tests/Makefile
index 707ac5aa41..fc63e4bfea 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/Makefile
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/Makefile
@@ -5,19 +5,24 @@ nightly := $(shell cat ../rust-nightly-version)
 
 # All the wasms that can be built from this source, switched via Cargo features
 # Wasms can be added via the Cargo.toml `[features]` list.
-wasms := tx_memory_limit
+wasms := tx_fail
+wasms += tx_infinite_guest_gas
+wasms += tx_infinite_host_gas
+wasms += tx_invalid_data
+wasms += tx_memory_limit
 wasms += tx_no_op
-wasms += tx_fail
+wasms += tx_proposal_code
+wasms += tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation
+wasms += tx_proposal_masp_reward
 wasms += tx_read_storage_key
 wasms += tx_write
 wasms += vp_always_false
 wasms += vp_always_true
 wasms += vp_eval
+wasms += vp_infinite_guest_gas
+wasms += vp_infinite_host_gas
 wasms += vp_memory_limit
 wasms += vp_read_storage_key
-wasms += tx_proposal_code
-wasms += tx_proposal_masp_reward
-wasms += tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation
 
 
 # Build all wasms in release mode
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_fail/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_fail/src/lib.rs
index b36c1379c4..df94e287d4 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_fail/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_fail/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_tx_prelude::*;
 
-#[transaction(gas = 1000)]
+#[transaction]
 fn apply_tx(_ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     Err(Error::SimpleMessage("failed tx"))
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_guest_gas/Cargo.toml b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_guest_gas/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4734326ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_guest_gas/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "tx_infinite_guest_gas"
+description = "Wasm transaction used for testing."
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+version.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+namada_test_utils.workspace = true
+namada_tx_prelude.workspace = true
+namada_vp_prelude.workspace = true
+wee_alloc.workspace = true
+getrandom.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+namada_tests = { path = "../../crates/tests", default-features = false, features = [
+    "wasm-runtime",
+] }
+
+proptest = "1.4.0"
+test-log = {version = "0.2.14", default-features = false, features = ["trace"]}
+tracing = "0.1.30"
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.7", default-features = false, features = ["env-filter", "fmt"]}
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_guest_gas/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_guest_gas/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6d63067ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_guest_gas/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+use namada_tx_prelude::*;
+
+/// A tx that endlessly charges gas from the guest environment
+#[transaction]
+fn apply_tx(_ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
+    #[allow(clippy::empty_loop)]
+    loop {}
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_host_gas/Cargo.toml b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_host_gas/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c6167e9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_host_gas/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "tx_infinite_host_gas"
+description = "Wasm transaction used for testing."
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+version.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+namada_test_utils.workspace = true
+namada_tx_prelude.workspace = true
+namada_vp_prelude.workspace = true
+wee_alloc.workspace = true
+getrandom.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+namada_tests = { path = "../../crates/tests", default-features = false, features = [
+    "wasm-runtime",
+] }
+
+proptest = "1.4.0"
+test-log = {version = "0.2.14", default-features = false, features = ["trace"]}
+tracing = "0.1.30"
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.7", default-features = false, features = ["env-filter", "fmt"]}
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_host_gas/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_host_gas/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b15e7ab276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_infinite_host_gas/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+use namada_tx_prelude::*;
+
+/// A tx that endlessly charges gas from the host environment
+#[transaction]
+fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
+    let target_key = parameters_storage::get_tx_allowlist_storage_key();
+    loop {
+        // NOTE: don't propagate the error to verify that execution abortion
+        // is done in host and does not require guest cooperation
+        let _ = ctx.write(&target_key, vec!["hash"]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_invalid_data/Cargo.toml b/wasm_for_tests/tx_invalid_data/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..329aa86081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_invalid_data/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "tx_invalid_data"
+description = "Wasm transaction used for testing."
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+version.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+namada_test_utils.workspace = true
+namada_tx_prelude.workspace = true
+namada_vp_prelude.workspace = true
+wee_alloc.workspace = true
+getrandom.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+namada_tests = { path = "../../crates/tests", default-features = false, features = [
+    "wasm-runtime",
+] }
+
+proptest = "1.4.0"
+test-log = {version = "0.2.14", default-features = false, features = ["trace"]}
+tracing = "0.1.30"
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.7", default-features = false, features = ["env-filter", "fmt"]}
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_invalid_data/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_invalid_data/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eda9df65c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_invalid_data/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use namada_tx_prelude::*;
+
+#[transaction]
+fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
+    let signed = tx_data;
+    let _data = signed.data().ok_or_err_msg("Missing data").map_err(|err| {
+        ctx.set_commitment_sentinel();
+        err
+    })?;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_memory_limit/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_memory_limit/src/lib.rs
index caf81a14a3..a9a17ebde5 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_memory_limit/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_memory_limit/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_tx_prelude::*;
 
-#[transaction(gas = 1000)]
+#[transaction]
 fn apply_tx(_ctx: &mut Ctx, tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     let len =
         usize::try_from_slice(&tx_data.data().as_ref().unwrap()[..]).unwrap();
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_no_op/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_no_op/src/lib.rs
index e175f398f7..a819b73be6 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_no_op/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_no_op/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_tx_prelude::*;
 
-#[transaction(gas = 1000)]
+#[transaction]
 fn apply_tx(_ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_code/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_code/src/lib.rs
index f3b9f420df..2d050755e7 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_code/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_code/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use namada_tx_prelude::*;
 
-#[transaction(gas = 1000)]
+#[transaction]
 fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     // governance
-    let target_key = gov_storage::keys::get_min_proposal_grace_epoch_key();
+    let target_key = gov_storage::keys::get_min_proposal_grace_epochs_key();
     ctx.write(&target_key, 9_u64)?;
 
     // parameters
-    let target_key = parameters_storage::get_tx_allowlist_storage_key();
+    let target_key = parameters_storage::get_vp_allowlist_storage_key();
     ctx.write(&target_key, vec!["hash"])?;
     Ok(())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation/src/lib.rs
index e7f5d9bf47..176dc0eeaa 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_ibc_token_inflation/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ const IBC_TOKEN_DENOM: u8 = 0;
 const CHANNEL_ID: &str = "channel-0";
 const BASE_TOKEN: &str = "tnam1qyvfwdkz8zgs9n3qn9xhp8scyf8crrxwuq26r6gy";
 
-#[transaction(gas = 1000)]
+#[transaction]
 fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     let ibc_denom = format!("transfer/{CHANNEL_ID}/{BASE_TOKEN}");
     let ibc_token = ibc::ibc_token(&ibc_denom);
@@ -27,14 +27,12 @@ fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
         token::storage_key::masp_kd_gain_key(&ibc_token);
 
     let token_map_key = token::storage_key::masp_token_map_key();
-    let mut token_map: masp::TokenMap = ctx.read(&token_map_key)?.unwrap_or_default();
+    let mut token_map: masp::TokenMap =
+        ctx.read(&token_map_key)?.unwrap_or_default();
     token_map.insert(ibc_denom, ibc_token);
     ctx.write(&token_map_key, token_map)?;
 
-    ctx.write(
-        &shielded_token_last_inflation_key,
-        token::Amount::zero(),
-    )?;
+    ctx.write(&shielded_token_last_inflation_key, token::Amount::zero())?;
     ctx.write(
         &shielded_token_last_locked_amount_key,
         token::Amount::zero(),
@@ -56,4 +54,4 @@ fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
         Dec::from_str("120000").unwrap(),
     )?;
     Ok(())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_masp_reward/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_masp_reward/src/lib.rs
index 92767b9242..5ca9e23d77 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_masp_reward/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_proposal_masp_reward/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 use dec::Dec;
 use namada_tx_prelude::*;
 
-#[transaction(gas = 1000)]
+#[transaction]
 fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     let native_token = ctx.get_native_token()?;
     let shielded_rewards_key =
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, _tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     ctx.write(&shielded_rewards_key, Dec::from_str("0.05").unwrap())?;
 
     Ok(())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs
index 4aaef9ad89..fab14f404a 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_tx_prelude::*;
 
-#[transaction(gas = 1000)]
+#[transaction]
 fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     // Allocates a memory of size given from the `tx_data (usize)`
     let key =
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
     log_string(format!("key {}", key));
     let _result: Vec<u8> = ctx.read(&key)?.unwrap();
     Ok(())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/tx_write/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/tx_write/src/lib.rs
index 022ad27a25..f8fd53f71b 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/tx_write/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/tx_write/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,61 +1,58 @@
 use namada_test_utils::tx_data::TxWriteData;
-    use namada_tx_prelude::{
-        log_string, transaction, BorshDeserialize, Ctx, StorageRead,
-        StorageWrite, Tx, TxEnv, TxResult,
-    };
+use namada_tx_prelude::*;
 
-    const TX_NAME: &str = "tx_write";
+const TX_NAME: &str = "tx_write";
 
-    fn log(msg: &str) {
-        log_string(format!("[{}] {}", TX_NAME, msg))
-    }
+fn log(msg: &str) {
+    log_string(format!("[{}] {}", TX_NAME, msg))
+}
 
-    fn fatal(msg: &str, err: impl std::error::Error) -> ! {
-        log(&format!("ERROR: {} - {:?}", msg, err));
-        panic!()
-    }
+fn fatal(msg: &str, err: impl std::error::Error) -> ! {
+    log(&format!("ERROR: {} - {:?}", msg, err));
+    panic!()
+}
 
-    fn fatal_msg(msg: &str) -> ! {
-        log(msg);
-        panic!()
-    }
+fn fatal_msg(msg: &str) -> ! {
+    log(msg);
+    panic!()
+}
 
-    #[transaction(gas = 1000)]
-    fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
-        let signed = tx_data;
-        let data = match signed.data() {
-            Some(data) => {
-                log(&format!("got data ({} bytes)", data.len()));
-                data
-            }
-            None => {
-                fatal_msg("no data provided");
+#[transaction]
+fn apply_tx(ctx: &mut Ctx, tx_data: Tx) -> TxResult {
+    let signed = tx_data;
+    let data = match signed.data() {
+        Some(data) => {
+            log(&format!("got data ({} bytes)", data.len()));
+            data
+        }
+        None => {
+            fatal_msg("no data provided");
+        }
+    };
+    let TxWriteData { key, value } =
+        match TxWriteData::try_from_slice(&data[..]) {
+            Ok(write_op) => {
+                log(&format!(
+                    "parsed WriteOp to key {} ({} bytes)",
+                    &write_op.key,
+                    &write_op.value.len(),
+                ));
+                write_op
             }
+            Err(error) => fatal("deserializing WriteOp", error),
         };
-        let TxWriteData { key, value } =
-            match TxWriteData::try_from_slice(&data[..]) {
-                Ok(write_op) => {
-                    log(&format!(
-                        "parsed WriteOp to key {} ({} bytes)",
-                        &write_op.key,
-                        &write_op.value.len(),
-                    ));
-                    write_op
-                }
-                Err(error) => fatal("deserializing WriteOp", error),
-            };
-        let existing_value: Option<String> = ctx.read(&key)?;
-        match existing_value {
-            Some(existing_value) => {
-                log(&format!("already present value is {}", existing_value));
-            }
-            None => {
-                log("no already present value");
-            }
+    let existing_value: Option<String> = ctx.read(&key)?;
+    match existing_value {
+        Some(existing_value) => {
+            log(&format!("already present value is {}", existing_value));
+        }
+        None => {
+            log("no already present value");
         }
-        log(&format!("attempting to write new value to key {}", key));
-        // using `ctx.write_bytes` instead of `ctx.write` here, as we want to
-        // write the actual bytes, not a Borsh-serialization of a `Vec<u8>`
-        ctx.write_bytes(&key, &value[..])?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
\ No newline at end of file
+    }
+    log(&format!("attempting to write new value to key {}", key));
+    // using `ctx.write_bytes` instead of `ctx.write` here, as we want to
+    // write the actual bytes, not a Borsh-serialization of a `Vec<u8>`
+    ctx.write_bytes(&key, &value[..])?;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_false/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_false/src/lib.rs
index ffdefedfd9..17b64ddbd6 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_false/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_false/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_vp_prelude::*;
 
-#[validity_predicate(gas = 1000)]
+#[validity_predicate]
 fn validate_tx(
     _ctx: &Ctx,
     _tx_data: Tx,
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_true/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_true/src/lib.rs
index c8a21d0511..55daff519a 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_true/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_always_true/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_vp_prelude::*;
 
-#[validity_predicate(gas = 1000)]
+#[validity_predicate]
 fn validate_tx(
     _ctx: &Ctx,
     _tx_data: Tx,
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_eval/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/vp_eval/src/lib.rs
index 1b393e311d..be8deecb96 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/vp_eval/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_eval/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_vp_prelude::*;
 
-#[validity_predicate(gas = 1000)]
+#[validity_predicate]
 fn validate_tx(
     ctx: &Ctx,
     tx_data: Tx,
@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ fn validate_tx(
         input,
     }: EvalVp =
         EvalVp::try_from_slice(&tx_data.data().as_ref().unwrap()[..]).unwrap();
-    ctx.eval(vp_code_hash, input)
+    ctx.eval(vp_code_hash, input).into_vp_error()
 }
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_guest_gas/Cargo.toml b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_guest_gas/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..976e458fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_guest_gas/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "vp_infinite_guest_gas"
+description = "Wasm vp used for testing."
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+version.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+namada_test_utils.workspace = true
+namada_tx_prelude.workspace = true
+namada_vp_prelude.workspace = true
+wee_alloc.workspace = true
+getrandom.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+namada_tests = { path = "../../crates/tests", default-features = false, features = [
+    "wasm-runtime",
+] }
+
+proptest = "1.4.0"
+test-log = {version = "0.2.14", default-features = false, features = ["trace"]}
+tracing = "0.1.30"
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.7", default-features = false, features = ["env-filter", "fmt"]}
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_guest_gas/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_guest_gas/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e7f66e08d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_guest_gas/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+use namada_vp_prelude::*;
+
+/// A vp that endlessly charges gas from the guest environment
+#[validity_predicate]
+fn validate_tx(
+    _ctx: &Ctx,
+    _tx_data: Tx,
+    _addr: Address,
+    _keys_changed: BTreeSet<storage::Key>,
+    _verifiers: BTreeSet<Address>,
+) -> VpResult {
+    #[allow(clippy::empty_loop)]
+    loop {}
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_host_gas/Cargo.toml b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_host_gas/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5908f8a48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_host_gas/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "vp_infinite_host_gas"
+description = "Wasm vp used for testing."
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+version.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+namada_test_utils.workspace = true
+namada_tx_prelude.workspace = true
+namada_vp_prelude.workspace = true
+wee_alloc.workspace = true
+getrandom.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+namada_tests = { path = "../../crates/tests", default-features = false, features = [
+    "wasm-runtime",
+] }
+
+proptest = "1.4.0"
+test-log = {version = "0.2.14", default-features = false, features = ["trace"]}
+tracing = "0.1.30"
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.7", default-features = false, features = ["env-filter", "fmt"]}
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_host_gas/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_host_gas/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf0ee79041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_infinite_host_gas/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use namada_vp_prelude::*;
+
+/// A vp that endlessly charges gas from the host environment
+#[validity_predicate]
+fn validate_tx(
+    ctx: &Ctx,
+    _tx_data: Tx,
+    _addr: Address,
+    _keys_changed: BTreeSet<storage::Key>,
+    _verifiers: BTreeSet<Address>,
+) -> VpResult {
+    let target_key =
+        namada_tx_prelude::parameters_storage::get_tx_allowlist_storage_key();
+    loop {
+        // NOTE: don't propagate the error to verify that execution abortion
+        // is done in host and does not require guest cooperation
+        let _ = ctx.read_bytes_pre(&target_key);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_memory_limit/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/vp_memory_limit/src/lib.rs
index 57ef95c7d4..09284f61b1 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/vp_memory_limit/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_memory_limit/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_vp_prelude::*;
 
-#[validity_predicate(gas = 1000)]
+#[validity_predicate]
 fn validate_tx(
     _ctx: &Ctx,
     tx_data: Tx,
diff --git a/wasm_for_tests/vp_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs b/wasm_for_tests/vp_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs
index a930a364b1..40bc8a4a53 100644
--- a/wasm_for_tests/vp_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs
+++ b/wasm_for_tests/vp_read_storage_key/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use namada_vp_prelude::*;
 
-#[validity_predicate(gas = 1000)]
+#[validity_predicate]
 fn validate_tx(
     ctx: &Ctx,
     tx_data: Tx,
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ fn validate_tx(
         storage::Key::try_from_slice(&tx_data.data().as_ref().unwrap()[..])
             .unwrap();
     log_string(format!("key {}", key));
-    let _result: Vec<u8> = ctx.read_pre(&key)?.unwrap();
+    let _result: Vec<u8> = ctx.read_pre(&key).into_vp_error()?.unwrap();
     accept()
 }