diff --git a/.github/workflows/dev.yml b/.github/workflows/dev.yml
index 1ea12b0a4d23d..cd2655bf4763b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/dev.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dev.yml
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           gem install test-unit
-          pip install "cython>=0.29.31" setuptools six pytest jira setuptools-scm
+          pip install "cython>=0.29.31" setuptools six pytest jira setuptools-scm build
       - name: Run Release Test
         env:
           ARROW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/ci/conda_env_archery.txt b/ci/conda_env_archery.txt
index ace7a42acb026..ed15cd44e612c 100644
--- a/ci/conda_env_archery.txt
+++ b/ci/conda_env_archery.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pygit2
 pygithub
 ruamel.yaml
 setuptools_scm
+build
 toolz
 
 # benchmark
diff --git a/ci/conda_env_crossbow.txt b/ci/conda_env_crossbow.txt
index 347294650ca28..02472ecf10c07 100644
--- a/ci/conda_env_crossbow.txt
+++ b/ci/conda_env_crossbow.txt
@@ -22,4 +22,5 @@ jira
 pygit2
 ruamel.yaml
 setuptools_scm
+build
 toolz
diff --git a/ci/conda_env_python.txt b/ci/conda_env_python.txt
index bf915493de302..1f5b8438dcee6 100644
--- a/ci/conda_env_python.txt
+++ b/ci/conda_env_python.txt
@@ -28,3 +28,4 @@ pytest-faulthandler
 s3fs>=2023.10.0
 setuptools>=64
 setuptools_scm>=8
+build
diff --git a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
index 3ed871bd5305b..849bfffa12dcf 100755
--- a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
+++ b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ test_python() {
   show_header "Build and test Python libraries"
 
   # Build and test Python
-  maybe_setup_virtualenv "cython>=0.29.31" numpy "setuptools_scm<8.0.0" setuptools
+  maybe_setup_virtualenv "cython>=0.29.31" numpy "setuptools_scm<8.0.0" setuptools build
   maybe_setup_conda --file ci/conda_env_python.txt
 
   if [ "${USE_CONDA}" -gt 0 ]; then
diff --git a/dev/tasks/conda-recipes/arrow-cpp/meta.yaml b/dev/tasks/conda-recipes/arrow-cpp/meta.yaml
index 10ee9c28f8c78..2460a761f529e 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/conda-recipes/arrow-cpp/meta.yaml
+++ b/dev/tasks/conda-recipes/arrow-cpp/meta.yaml
@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ outputs:
         - python
         - setuptools
         - setuptools_scm
+        - build
       run:
         - {{ pin_subpackage('libarrow', exact=True) }}
         - {{ pin_compatible('numpy') }}
@@ -323,6 +324,7 @@ outputs:
         - python
         - setuptools
         - setuptools_scm
+        - build
       run:
         - {{ pin_subpackage('pyarrow', exact=True) }}
         - python
diff --git a/python/pyproject.toml b/python/pyproject.toml
index 8671b69131e2a..e2bc27403e9c4 100644
--- a/python/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/pyproject.toml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ requires = [
     # versions released after 2022
     "setuptools_scm[toml]>=8",
     "setuptools>=64",
+    "build",
     "wheel"
 ]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
diff --git a/python/requirements-build.txt b/python/requirements-build.txt
index c150c842a0cc6..9945a193c7468 100644
--- a/python/requirements-build.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-build.txt
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ cython>=0.29.31
 oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14; python_version<'3.9'
 numpy>=1.25; python_version>='3.9'
 setuptools_scm>=8
+build
 setuptools>=64
diff --git a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
index 3ea57b611f9d8..eed7172ba3275 100644
--- a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14; python_version<'3.9'
 numpy>=2.0.0rc1; python_version>='3.9'
 setuptools_scm
 setuptools>=58
+build
 wheel