diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/io/caching.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/io/caching.cc
index 307b933d16ee3..bd61c40693a27 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/io/caching.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/io/caching.cc
@@ -174,8 +174,9 @@ struct ReadRangeCache::Impl {
 
   // Add the given ranges to the cache, coalescing them where possible
   virtual Status Cache(std::vector<ReadRange> ranges) {
-    ranges = internal::CoalesceReadRanges(std::move(ranges), options.hole_size_limit,
-                                          options.range_size_limit);
+    ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(
+        ranges, internal::CoalesceReadRanges(std::move(ranges), options.hole_size_limit,
+                                             options.range_size_limit));
     std::vector<RangeCacheEntry> new_entries = MakeCacheEntries(ranges);
     // Add new entries, themselves ordered by offset
     if (entries.size() > 0) {
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/io/interfaces.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/io/interfaces.cc
index d3229fd067cbe..1d35549cc4345 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/io/interfaces.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/io/interfaces.cc
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ ThreadPool* GetIOThreadPool() {
 namespace {
 
 struct ReadRangeCombiner {
-  std::vector<ReadRange> Coalesce(std::vector<ReadRange> ranges) {
+  Result<std::vector<ReadRange>> Coalesce(std::vector<ReadRange> ranges) {
     if (ranges.empty()) {
       return ranges;
     }
@@ -454,7 +454,9 @@ struct ReadRangeCombiner {
       const auto& left = ranges[i];
       const auto& right = ranges[i + 1];
       DCHECK_LE(left.offset, right.offset);
-      DCHECK_LE(left.offset + left.length, right.offset) << "Some read ranges overlap";
+      if (left.offset + left.length > right.offset) {
+        return Status::IOError("Some read ranges overlap");
+      }
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -509,9 +511,9 @@ struct ReadRangeCombiner {
 
 };  // namespace
 
-std::vector<ReadRange> CoalesceReadRanges(std::vector<ReadRange> ranges,
-                                          int64_t hole_size_limit,
-                                          int64_t range_size_limit) {
+Result<std::vector<ReadRange>> CoalesceReadRanges(std::vector<ReadRange> ranges,
+                                                  int64_t hole_size_limit,
+                                                  int64_t range_size_limit) {
   DCHECK_GT(range_size_limit, hole_size_limit);
 
   ReadRangeCombiner combiner{hole_size_limit, range_size_limit};
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/io/util_internal.h b/cpp/src/arrow/io/util_internal.h
index b1d75d1d0bd1f..2015f6a211292 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/io/util_internal.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/io/util_internal.h
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ ARROW_EXPORT Status ValidateWriteRange(int64_t offset, int64_t size, int64_t fil
 ARROW_EXPORT Status ValidateRange(int64_t offset, int64_t size);
 
 ARROW_EXPORT
-std::vector<ReadRange> CoalesceReadRanges(std::vector<ReadRange> ranges,
-                                          int64_t hole_size_limit,
-                                          int64_t range_size_limit);
+Result<std::vector<ReadRange>> CoalesceReadRanges(std::vector<ReadRange> ranges,
+                                                  int64_t hole_size_limit,
+                                                  int64_t range_size_limit);
 
 ARROW_EXPORT
 ::arrow::internal::ThreadPool* GetIOThreadPool();
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/file_reader.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/file_reader.cc
index 5247b9d4b543d..edf5b5ed7570b 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/file_reader.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/file_reader.cc
@@ -139,8 +139,10 @@ const RowGroupMetaData* RowGroupReader::metadata() const { return contents_->met
 ::arrow::io::ReadRange ComputeColumnChunkRange(FileMetaData* file_metadata,
                                                int64_t source_size, int row_group_index,
                                                int column_index) {
-  auto row_group_metadata = file_metadata->RowGroup(row_group_index);
-  auto column_metadata = row_group_metadata->ColumnChunk(column_index);
+  std::unique_ptr<RowGroupMetaData> row_group_metadata =
+      file_metadata->RowGroup(row_group_index);
+  std::unique_ptr<ColumnChunkMetaData> column_metadata =
+      row_group_metadata->ColumnChunk(column_index);
 
   int64_t col_start = column_metadata->data_page_offset();
   if (column_metadata->has_dictionary_page() &&