diff --git a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
index 963c85f6e11bf..73dd9b6d1a7a8 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
@@ -59,8 +59,13 @@ jobs:
           path: matlab-arrow-ubuntu.tar.gz
 
   macos:
-    name: AMD64 macOS 12 MATLAB
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    name:  {{ '${{ matrix.platform.architecture}}' }}  macOS {{ '${{ matrix.platform.macos-version }}' }} MATLAB
+    runs-on: macos-{{ '${{ matrix.platform.macos-version }}' }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        platform:
+            - { architecture: "AMD64", macos-version: "12", architecture-suffix: "x64"}
+            - { architecture: "ARM64", macos-version: "14", architecture-suffix: "arm64"}
     steps:
       {{ macros.github_checkout_arrow()|indent }}
       - name: Install ninja-build
@@ -73,27 +78,18 @@ jobs:
         env:
         {{ macros.github_set_sccache_envvars()|indent(8) }}
         run: arrow/ci/scripts/matlab_build.sh $(pwd)/arrow
-      - name: Change shared library dependency name
-        # MATLAB's programmatic packaging interface does not properly 
-        # include symbolic link files in the package MLTBX - this is a
-        # bug. As a temporary workaround, change the expected name of the 
-        # Arrow C++ library which libarrowproxy.dylib depends on.
-        # For example, change libarrow.1500.dylib to libarrow.1500.0.0.dylib.
+      - name: Update dynamic library names
         run: |
-           pushd arrow/matlab/install/arrow_matlab/+libmexclass/+proxy
-           SYMLINK_ARROW_LIB="$(find . -name 'libarrow.*.dylib' -type l | xargs basename)"
-           REGULAR_ARROW_LIB="$(echo libarrow.*.*.dylib)"
-           echo "SYMLINK_ARROW_LIB = ${SYMLINK_ARROW_LIB}"
-           echo "REGULAR_ARROW_LIB = ${REGULAR_ARROW_LIB}"
-           install_name_tool -change @rpath/$SYMLINK_ARROW_LIB @rpath/$REGULAR_ARROW_LIB libarrowproxy.dylib
-           popd
+          arrow/dev/tasks/matlab/rename_macos_dynamic_libraries.sh \
+            arrow/matlab/install/arrow_matlab/+libmexclass/+proxy \
+            {{ '${{ matrix.platform.architecture-suffix }}' }}
       - name: Compress into single artifact
-        run: tar -cvzf matlab-arrow-macos.tar.gz arrow/matlab/install/arrow_matlab
+        run: tar -cvzf matlab-arrow-macos-{{ '${{ matrix.platform.architecture-suffix }}' }}.tar.gz arrow/matlab/install/arrow_matlab
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: matlab-arrow-macos.tar.gz
-          path: matlab-arrow-macos.tar.gz
+          name: matlab-arrow-macos-{{ '${{ matrix.platform.architecture-suffix }}' }}.tar.gz
+          path: matlab-arrow-macos-{{ '${{ matrix.platform.architecture-suffix }}' }}.tar.gz
 
   windows:
     name: AMD64 Windows 2022 MATLAB
@@ -140,7 +136,8 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           mv artifacts-downloaded/*/*.tar.gz .
           tar -xzvf matlab-arrow-ubuntu.tar.gz
-          tar -xzvf matlab-arrow-macos.tar.gz
+          tar -xzvf matlab-arrow-macos-x64.tar.gz
+          tar -xzvf matlab-arrow-macos-arm64.tar.gz
           tar -xzvf matlab-arrow-windows.tar.gz
       - name: Copy LICENSE.txt and NOTICE.txt for packaging 
         run: |
diff --git a/dev/tasks/matlab/rename_macos_dynamic_libraries.sh b/dev/tasks/matlab/rename_macos_dynamic_libraries.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..a2a66fee0b55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/tasks/matlab/rename_macos_dynamic_libraries.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+set -ex
+
+# Issue Number 1:
+#
+# MATLAB's programmatic packaging interface does not properly package symbolic links. If the
+# toolboxFolder argumented provided to the constructor of matlab.addons.toolbox.ToolboxOptions
+# contains a symbolic link, the ToolboxOptions will resolve the symbolic link and include
+# the symbolic link's target as one of the files to package instead of the link itself.
+#
+# Example:
+#
+# Suppose you had this folder structure
+#
+#        $ tree /tmp/example
+#        /tmp/example
+#        |-- regular_file.txt
+#        |-- symbolic_link -> regular_file.txt
+#
+# Passing "/tmp/example" as the toolboxFolder argument to ToolboxOptions' constructor in MATLAB
+# returns the following object:
+#
+#       >> opts = matlab.addons.toolbox.ToolboxOptions("/tmp/example", "dummy-identifier");
+#       >> opts.ToolboxFiles
+#
+#       ans =
+#
+#            "/private/tmp/example/regular_file.txt"
+#
+# Note that the ToolboxFiles property - the list of files to package - does not include the
+# symbolic link.
+#
+# This is a known limitation with matlab.addons.toolbox.ToolboxOptions.
+#
+# Why is this a problem?
+#
+# On macOS, building the Arrow C++ bindings generates the following files:
+#
+#        $ tree arrow/matlab/install/arrow_matlab/+libmexclass/+proxy/
+#        .
+#        |-- libarrow.1700.0.0.dylib
+#        |-- libarrow.1700.dylib -> libarrow.1700.0.0.dylib
+#        |-- libarrow.dylib -> libarrow.1700.dylib
+#
+# When "arrow/matlab/install/arrow_matlab" is suppplied as the toolboxFolder argument
+# to the constructor of ToolboxOptions, only the libarrow.1700.0.0.dylib is included as a file
+# to package. This is a problem because building the MATLAB interface to Arrow creates a shared
+# library called libarrowproxy.dylib, which is linked against libarrow.1700.dylib - not
+# libarrow.1700.0.0.dyblib.
+#
+# This can be seen by calling otool with the -L flag on libarrowproxy.dylib:
+#
+#        $ otool -L libarrowproxy.dylib | grep -E '@rpath/libarrow\.'
+#	            @rpath/libarrow.1700.dylib
+#
+# To prevent a run-time linker error, we need to update the name of libarrowproxy.dylib's
+# dependent shared library from @rpath/libarrow.1700.dylib to @rpath/libarrow.1700.0.0.dylib
+# because only libarrow.1700.0.0.dylib is packaged.
+#
+# ==============================================================================================
+#
+# Issue Number 2:
+#
+# The platforms that the MATLAB Interface to Arrow supports Windows, Linux,
+# Intel/AMD-based macOS and ARM-based macOS. Currently, we create one "monolithic" MLTBX file
+# to package the interface that includes all shared libraries for all supported platforms.
+# We do this because the File Exchange <-> GitHub Release integration does not support
+# platform-specific MLTBX files.
+#
+# The problem with creating one MLTBX to package the interface for all platforms is that
+# the names of the shared libraries built by the interface for Intel/AMD-based macOS
+# and ARM-based macOS are identical.For example, building the interface generates the shared
+# library libarrow.1700.0.0.dylib on both platforms. To avoid this duplicate name problem,
+# we need to uniquify the names of the shared libraries generated for Intel/AMD-based
+# macOS and ARM-based macOS.
+
+if [ "$#" -ne 2 ]; then
+  echo "Usage: $0 <dylib-dir> <arch>"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+DYLIB_DIR=${1}
+ARCH=${2}
+
+if [ "$ARCH" == "arm64" ]; then
+  IS_ARM64=1
+elif [ "$ARCH" == "x64" ]; then
+  IS_ARM64=0
+else
+  echo "<arch> must be arm64 or x64"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+pushd ${DYLIB_DIR}
+
+LIBARROW_DYLIB="$(find . -name 'libarrow.dylib' | xargs basename)"
+LIBARROW_MAJOR_DYLIB="$(find . -name 'libarrow.*.dylib' -type l | xargs basename)"
+LIBARROW_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB="$(echo libarrow.*.*.dylib)"
+LIBMEXCLASS_DYLIB="$(find . -name 'libmexclass.dylib' | xargs basename)"
+LIBARROWPROXY_DYLIB="$(find . -name 'libarrowproxy.dylib' | xargs basename)"
+if [ $IS_ARM64 -eq 1 ]; then
+  MEX_GATEWAY="$(find . -name 'gateway.mexmaca64' | xargs basename)"
+else
+  MEX_GATEWAY="$(find . -name 'gateway.mexmaci64' | xargs basename)"
+fi
+
+MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_VERSION=${LIBARROW_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB#*.}
+MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_VERSION=${MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_VERSION%.*}
+
+LIBARROW_ARCH_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB="libarrow_${ARCH}.${MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_VERSION}.dylib"
+LIBARROWPROXY_ARCH_DYLIB="libarrowproxy_${ARCH}.dylib"
+LIBMEXCLASS_ARCH_DYLIB="libmexclass_${ARCH}.dylib"
+
+# Delete the symbolic links. These files are not included in the packaged MLTBX file. 
+rm ${LIBARROW_MAJOR_DYLIB}
+rm ${LIBARROW_DYLIB}
+
+# Rename libarrow.*.*.*.dylib to libarrow_(arm64|x64).*.*.*.dylib (e.g. libarrow.1700.0.0.dylib -> libarrow_(arm64|x64).1700.0.0.dylib)
+mv ${LIBARROW_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB} ${LIBARROW_ARCH_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB}
+
+# Rename libarrowproxy.dylib to libarrowproxy_(arm64|x64).dylib
+mv ${LIBARROWPROXY_DYLIB} ${LIBARROWPROXY_ARCH_DYLIB}
+
+# Rename libmexclass.dylib to libmexclass_(arm64|x64).dylib
+mv ${LIBMEXCLASS_DYLIB} ${LIBMEXCLASS_ARCH_DYLIB}
+
+# Update the identificaton names of the renamed dynamic libraries
+install_name_tool -id @rpath/${LIBMEXCLASS_ARCH_DYLIB} ${LIBMEXCLASS_ARCH_DYLIB}
+install_name_tool -id @rpath/${LIBARROWPROXY_ARCH_DYLIB} ${LIBARROWPROXY_ARCH_DYLIB}
+install_name_tool -id @rpath/${LIBARROW_ARCH_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB} ${LIBARROW_ARCH_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB}
+
+# Change install name of dependent shared library libarrow.*.*.*.dylib to libarrow_arm64.*.*.*.dylib in libarrowproxy_(arm64|x64).dylib
+install_name_tool -change @rpath/${LIBARROW_MAJOR_DYLIB} @rpath/${LIBARROW_ARCH_MAJOR_MINOR_PATCH_DYLIB} ${LIBARROWPROXY_ARCH_DYLIB}
+
+# Change install name of dependent shared library libmexclass.dylib to libmexclass_(arm64|x64).*.*.*.dylib libarrowproxy_(arm64|x64).dylib
+install_name_tool -change @rpath/${LIBMEXCLASS_DYLIB} @rpath/${LIBMEXCLASS_ARCH_DYLIB} ${LIBARROWPROXY_ARCH_DYLIB}
+
+# Change install name of dependent shared library libmexclass.dylib to libmexclass_(arm64|x64).dylib in gateway.(mexmaca64|mexmaci64)
+install_name_tool -change @rpath/${LIBMEXCLASS_DYLIB} @rpath/${LIBMEXCLASS_ARCH_DYLIB} ${MEX_GATEWAY}
+
+# Change install name of dependent shared library libarrowproxy.dylib to libarrowproxy_(arm64|x64).dylib in gateway.(mexmaca64|mexmaci64)
+install_name_tool -change @rpath/${LIBARROWPROXY_DYLIB} @rpath/${LIBARROWPROXY_ARCH_DYLIB} ${MEX_GATEWAY}
+
+popd
\ No newline at end of file