diff --git a/ci/scripts/go_test.sh b/ci/scripts/go_test.sh
index bad2ffe619026..45ea513b1ec02 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/go_test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/go_test.sh
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ go test $testargs -tags $TAGS,noasm ./...
 popd
 
 export PARQUET_TEST_DATA=${1}/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing/data
+export PARQUET_TEST_BAD_DATA=${1}/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing/bad_data
 export ARROW_TEST_DATA=${1}/testing/data
 pushd ${source_dir}/parquet
 
diff --git a/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing b/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing
index cb7a9674142c1..50af3d8ce2069 160000
--- a/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing
+++ b/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit cb7a9674142c137367bf75a01b79c6e214a73199
+Subproject commit 50af3d8ce206990d81014b1862e5ce7380dc3e08
diff --git a/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_avx2_amd64.go b/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_avx2_amd64.go
index 0455ccc505bfe..5f1923fac2f9f 100644
--- a/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_avx2_amd64.go
+++ b/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_avx2_amd64.go
@@ -33,12 +33,11 @@ func _unpack32_avx2(in, out unsafe.Pointer, batchSize, nbits int) (num int)
 
 func unpack32Avx2(in io.Reader, out []uint32, nbits int) int {
 	batch := len(out) / 32 * 32
-	if batch <= 0 {
+	n := batch * nbits / 8
+	if n <= 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
 
-	n := batch * nbits / 8
-
 	buffer := bufferPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
 	defer bufferPool.Put(buffer)
 	buffer.Reset()
diff --git a/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_neon_arm64.go b/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_neon_arm64.go
index 09154e3e4b7dd..580f9a1f27e4c 100755
--- a/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_neon_arm64.go
+++ b/go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_neon_arm64.go
@@ -33,12 +33,11 @@ func _unpack32_neon(in, out unsafe.Pointer, batchSize, nbits int) (num int)
 
 func unpack32NEON(in io.Reader, out []uint32, nbits int) int {
 	batch := len(out) / 32 * 32
-	if batch <= 0 {
+	n := batch * nbits / 8
+	if n <= 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
 
-	n := batch * nbits / 8
-
 	buffer := bufferPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
 	defer bufferPool.Put(buffer)
 	buffer.Reset()
diff --git a/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader.go b/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader.go
index a2e84d9ce2795..d576b749d284c 100755
--- a/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader.go
+++ b/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v18/arrow/array"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v18/arrow/arrio"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v18/arrow/memory"
+	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v18/internal/utils"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v18/parquet"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v18/parquet/file"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v18/parquet/schema"
@@ -332,6 +333,12 @@ func (fr *FileReader) ReadRowGroups(ctx context.Context, indices, rowGroups []in
 	for i := 0; i < np; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
+			defer func() {
+				if pErr := recover(); pErr != nil {
+					err := utils.FormatRecoveredError("panic while reading", pErr)
+					results <- resultPair{err: err}
+				}
+			}()
 			for {
 				select {
 				case r, ok := <-ch:
diff --git a/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader_test.go b/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader_test.go
index fe5a4547a775c..f2ad14859c7a3 100644
--- a/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader_test.go
+++ b/go/parquet/pqarrow/file_reader_test.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -373,3 +374,36 @@ func TestFileReaderColumnChunkBoundsErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, tooHighErr, fmt.Sprintf("there are only %d columns", schema.NumFields()))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestReadParquetFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := os.Getenv("PARQUET_TEST_BAD_DATA")
+	if dir == "" {
+		t.Skip("no path supplied with PARQUET_TEST_BAD_DATA")
+	}
+	assert.DirExists(t, dir)
+	filename := path.Join(dir, "ARROW-GH-43605.parquet")
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	mem := memory.NewCheckedAllocator(memory.DefaultAllocator)
+
+	rdr, err := file.OpenParquetFile(
+		filename,
+		false,
+		file.WithReadProps(parquet.NewReaderProperties(mem)),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		if err2 := rdr.Close(); err2 != nil {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err2)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	arrowRdr, err := pqarrow.NewFileReader(rdr, pqarrow.ArrowReadProperties{
+		Parallel:  false,
+		BatchSize: 0,
+	}, mem)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = arrowRdr.ReadTable(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}