Add tests for Partition Spec Evolution (#2479)

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# Rationale for this change
The Java implementation has several tests around updating Table Specs.
This adds three of them to the Python Catalog Tests.

## Are these changes tested?
Tests should pass.

## Are there any user-facing changes?
Just tests.

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Author: rambleraptor

tests/integration/test_catalog.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 from pyiceberg.schema import INITIAL_SCHEMA_ID, Schema
 from pyiceberg.table.metadata import INITIAL_SPEC_ID
 from pyiceberg.table.sorting import INITIAL_SORT_ORDER_ID, SortField, SortOrder
-from pyiceberg.transforms import DayTransform, IdentityTransform
+from pyiceberg.transforms import BucketTransform, DayTransform, IdentityTransform
 from pyiceberg.types import IntegerType, LongType, NestedField, TimestampType, UUIDType
 from tests.conftest import clean_up
 
@@ -503,6 +503,69 @@ def test_update_namespace_properties(test_catalog: Catalog, database_name: str)
     assert "updated test description" == test_catalog.load_namespace_properties(database_name)["comment"]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_catalog", CATALOGS)
+def test_update_table_spec(test_catalog: Catalog, test_schema: Schema, table_name: str, database_name: str) -> None:
+    identifier = (database_name, table_name)
+    test_catalog.create_namespace(database_name)
+    table = test_catalog.create_table(identifier, test_schema)
+
+    with table.update_spec() as update:
+        update.add_field(source_column_name="VendorID", transform=BucketTransform(16), partition_field_name="shard")
+
+    loaded = test_catalog.load_table(identifier)
+    expected_spec = PartitionSpec(
+        PartitionField(source_id=1, field_id=1000, transform=BucketTransform(16), name="shard"), spec_id=1
+    )
+    # The spec ID may not match, so check equality of the fields
+    assert loaded.spec() == expected_spec
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_catalog", CATALOGS)
+def test_update_table_spec_conflict(test_catalog: Catalog, test_schema: Schema, table_name: str, database_name: str) -> None:
+    identifier = (database_name, table_name)
+    test_catalog.create_namespace(database_name)
+    spec = PartitionSpec(PartitionField(source_id=1, field_id=1000, transform=BucketTransform(16), name="id_bucket"))
+    table = test_catalog.create_table(identifier, test_schema, partition_spec=spec)
+
+    update = table.update_spec()
+    update.add_field(source_column_name="tpep_pickup_datetime", transform=BucketTransform(16), partition_field_name="shard")
+
+    # update with conflict
+    conflict_table = test_catalog.load_table(identifier)
+    with conflict_table.update_spec() as conflict_update:
+        conflict_update.remove_field("id_bucket")
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        CommitFailedException, match="Requirement failed: default spec id has changed|default partition spec changed"
+    ):
+        update.commit()
+
+    loaded = test_catalog.load_table(identifier)
+    assert loaded.spec() == PartitionSpec(spec_id=1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_catalog", CATALOGS)
+def test_update_table_spec_then_revert(test_catalog: Catalog, test_schema: Schema, table_name: str, database_name: str) -> None:
+    identifier = (database_name, table_name)
+    test_catalog.create_namespace(database_name)
+
+    initial_spec = PartitionSpec(PartitionField(source_id=1, field_id=1000, transform=BucketTransform(16), name="id_bucket"))
+
+    table = test_catalog.create_table(identifier, test_schema, partition_spec=initial_spec, properties={"format-version": "2"})
+    assert table.format_version == 2
+
+    with table.update_spec() as update:
+        update.add_identity(source_column_name="tpep_pickup_datetime")
+
+    with table.update_spec() as update:
+        update.remove_field("tpep_pickup_datetime")
+
+    assert table.spec() == initial_spec
+
+
 @pytest.mark.integration
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_catalog", CATALOGS)
 def test_register_table(test_catalog: Catalog, table_schema_nested: Schema, table_name: str, database_name: str) -> None: