diff --git a/immer/array.hpp b/immer/array.hpp
index 43954bb8..d9e458e3 100644
--- a/immer/array.hpp
+++ b/immer/array.hpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class array
      * Returns `true` if there are no elements in the container.  It
      * does not allocate memory and its complexity is @f$ O(1) @f$.
      */
-    IMMER_NODISCARD bool empty() const { return impl_.d->empty(); }
+    IMMER_NODISCARD bool empty() const { return impl_.size == 0; }
 
     /*!
      * Access the raw data.
diff --git a/test/vector/generic.ipp b/test/vector/generic.ipp
index ee6edde1..c1f94a66 100644
--- a/test/vector/generic.ipp
+++ b/test/vector/generic.ipp
@@ -55,12 +55,14 @@ TEST_CASE("instantiation")
     {
         auto v = VECTOR_T<int>{};
         CHECK(v.size() == 0u);
+        CHECK(v.empty());
     }
 
     SECTION("initializer list")
     {
         auto v = VECTOR_T<unsigned>{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
         CHECK_VECTOR_EQUALS(v, boost::irange(0u, 10u));
+        CHECK(!v.empty());
     }
 
     SECTION("big object")