rails_7.txt

Rails 7 Whats New:
======================================================================================================

https://rubyonrails.org/2021/12/15/Rails-7-fulfilling-a-vision

Asstes
--------
- Using importmap instead of webpack (webpack instroduced in rails 6, before it was Sprockets)
- Rails 7 replaces Webpacker with importmapped Hotwire as default JavaScript setup


Fortunately, the web now is making it possible to reduce some of the tension surrounding Javascript development in Rails.

	- The first major shift is major browser support for ES6. This completes removes the need for transpiling.
	- The second crucial change is HTTP2. With HTTP2, there is no longer a need to pay a large penalty for sending many small files instead of one big file. A single connection can multiplex all the responses needed. Further reducing the need for one large Javascript bundle file.
	- Finally, we have the era of import maps, which allow the use of logical references for modules in ES6. Previously, every Javascript file after compilation would look something like “main-a6d26cef87d241eba5fa.js”, basically the filename with a digest at the end. This means that every time any small change occurred in that file, it needs to be compiled all over again and create a new digest so that the browser recognizes the update. The answer to this problem is import-maps.

* https://github.com/wicg/import-maps

New options:
------------

rails new produces a skeleton configured with importmap-rails, turbo-rails, and stimulus-rails. No Webpack, no Yarn, no package.json, no node. All the integration setup is done through adding the gems, then running importmap:install, turbo:install, stimulus:install tasks.

rails new —skip-hotwire a skeleton-like above but with just importmap-rails configured.
rails new —skip-javascript no JavaScript setup of any kind is configured.
rails new —webpack is essentially what we had on Rails 6.2, with the exception that the default Turbolinks configuration is replaced with Hotwire (both Turbo and Stimulus). This of course includes setting up package.json, Yarn, etc.

rails new —webpack —skip-hotwire is the same as above, minus the default configuration of Hotwire.


Others:
-------
- Encryption at Database Layer
- Asynchronous Querying
- Zeitwerk Mode for Rails 7
- Retry Jobs Unlimited Times
- Named Variants
You can now name variants on ActiveStorage instead of specifying size on every access.

- Hash to HTML Attributes

	<input <%= tag.attributes(type: :text, aria: { label: "Search" }) %>> => <input type="text" aria-label="Search">

- Assert a Single Record with sole

	When querying records, you can now call sole or find_sole_by (instead of first or find_by) when you want to assert that the query should only match a single record.

	Product.where(["price = %?", price]).sole
	# => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound      (if no Product with given price)
	# => #<Product ...>                    (if one Product with given price)
	# => ActiveRecord::SoleRecordExceeded  (if more than one Product with given price)

	user.api_keys.find_sole_by(key: key)
	# as above

- Check Presence/Absence of an Association

	# Before:
	account.users.joins(:contact).where.not(contact_id: nil)

	# After:
	account.users.where.associated(:contact)

- Stream Generated Files from Controller Actions

	send_stream(filename: "subscribers.csv") do |stream|
	  stream.write "email_address,updated_at\n"

	  @subscribers.find_each do |subscriber|
		stream.write "#{subscriber.email_address},#{subscriber.updated_at}\n"
	  end
	end

- Named Variants (ActiveStorage)

	# You can now name variants on ActiveStorage instead of specifying size on every access.

	class User < ApplicationRecord
	  has_one_attached :avatar do |attachable|
		attachable.variant :thumb, resize: "100x100"
	  end
	end
	 
	#Call avatar.variant(:thumb) to get a thumb variant of an avatar:
	<%= image_tag user.avatar.variant(:thumb) %>



Extra
====================================================================================================================================

ActionText
------------

	> bin/rails action_text:install
	> bundle
	> rails db:migrate
	
	// application.js
	import "trix"
	import "@rails/actiontext"

	bin/rails generate model Message content:rich_text
	
	# app/models/message.rb
	class Message < ApplicationRecord
	  has_rich_text :content
	end

	<%# app/views/messages/_form.html.erb %>
	<%= form_with model: message do |form| %>
	  <div class="field">
		<%= form.label :content %>
		<%= form.rich_text_area :content %>
	  </div>
	<% end %>
	
	- And finally, display the sanitized rich text on a page:
	
	<%= @message.content %>


	-To accept the rich text content, all you have to do is permit the referenced attribute:
	
	class MessagesController < ApplicationController
	  def create
		message = Message.create! params.require(:message).permit(:title, :content)
		redirect_to message
	  end
	end

	- By default, the Action Text editor and content are styled by the Trix defaults.
	- If you want to change these defaults, remove the // require "actiontext.scss" line from your application.scss to omit the contents of that file.

	- By default, Action Text will render rich text content into an element that declares the .trix-content class:

	<%# app/views/layouts/action_text/contents/_content.html.erb %>
	<div class="trix-content">
	  <%= yield %>
	</div>

	- Rendering attachments
	In addition to attachments uploaded through Active Storage, Action Text can embed anything that can be resolved by a Signed GlobalID.

	# https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_text_overview.html


Security
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	- As announced in Rails 5.2.0 release candidate, Rails 5.2 will go out with a brand new credentials API that will eventually replace the current config/secrets.yml and config/secrets.yml.enc.

	- Two files
	
		config/credentials.yml.enc		# store all your private credentials, only decryoted via master.key	
		config/master.key				# RAILS_MASTER_KEY, this file won;t be onl github, but will be generated via 
											
											> EDITOR=vim rails credentials:edit --environment production
											> RAILS_ENV=production EDITOR=vim rails credentials:edit
											
										# both files will be generated if they are not exist

	- So, after running 

		aws:
		  access_key_id: 123
		  secret_access_key: 345
		secret_key_base: 2fdea1259c6660852864f9726616df64c8cd

		# Then, you should be able to access the configuration programmatically like this:
		
		Rails.application.credentials.config	# {:aws=>{:access_key_id=>"123", :secret_access_key=>"345"} }}
		Rails.application.credentials.aws[:access_key_id]
		
		Rails.application.credentials.aws[:access_key_id]     # => "123"
		Rails.application.credentials.aws[:secret_access_key] # => "345"
		Rails.application.credentials.secret_key_base         # => "2fdea...

		# you can also
		
		development:
		  aws:
			access_key_id: 123
			secret_access_key: 345
		  secret_key_base: 2fdea1259c6660852864f9726616df64c8cd
		
		production:
		  aws:
			access_key_id: 321
			secret_access_key: 543
		  secret_key_base: hu23ih41iu23h4123u4h23iu4h2323j412i3

		# so per enviroment
		Rails.application.credentials[Rails.env.to_sym][:aws][:access_key_id]
		
	- Deploying master key

		- When you move your code to a server, you need to make sure that your config/credentials.yml.enc file can be decrypted. 
		- That means that somehow you’ll need to provide Rails with your master key, given that it is not checked into version control. aha !!
		- There are two ways of doing that:
			
			- Option 1: Place the config/master.key file in the server. 
				You’ll normally want to symlink this file to a shared folder in the server filesystem. 
				Again, do not version your config/master.key file.
			- Option 2: create a RAILS_MASTER_KEY ENV variable. 
				Rails will detect it and use it as your master key, e.g. in heroku: heroku config:set RAILS_MASTER_KEY=<your-master-key-here>.
		
				# Setting master key on Heroku 
				heroku config:set RAILS_MASTER_KEY=`cat config/credentials/production.key`
		
	- in production.rb
	
		config.require_master_key = true