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UNIX File System

Unix file system is a way of organizing and storing large amounts of information in a manageable way. All data in Unix is organized into files which are present in directories. Further these directories are organized into a tree-like structure called the UNIX file system.

Following are some usefull commands with their descriptions-

Command Description
whoami returns user's name(in case you forget it)
cd changes to a particular directory
pwd Prints path to current directory
ls Lists elements of current directory
mkdir Makes new directory with given name
sudo stands for su[er user do; set of commands that give user admin power
touch Creates a new file with given name
clear Clears terminal window
exit Closes current terminal window
rm Removes mentioned file from directory
cat Prints the contents of a file
mv Used to rename a given file or move files to a given directory
history Shows a list of commands input by user on the terminal
man Shows reference material/manual for a particular command
nano Opens a file in the nano text editor
vim Opens a file int the VIM text editor

This is just a list of some basic commands, these commands also have flags that increase their usecases furthermore.

VIM

VIM stands for Vi IMproved, and it is an open-source text editor that does not require any use of a mouse and is completely keyboard based. It has 12 different editing modes.

Following are some shortcuts for efficient use of VIM which I learned from the 'vimtutor' page-

  • In Normal mode -

    • The keys h,j,k and l move the cursor to the left, down, up and right respectively.
    • The'x' key can be used to delete an unwanted character
    • Typing 'dw' deletes a word present ahead of the cursor
    • Typing 'dd' deletes the line on which the cursor is present
    • Press 'u' to undo the last command
    • Type 'rx' to replace the character at the cursor with x
    • Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command( e.g. :!ls)
    • Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status
    • Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase.

  • :q! : Closes editor without saving while :wq! Saves file and then closes the editor

  • Pressing the 'i' key opens the INSERT mode wherein further text can be inserted.