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Assignment 0

I am MD RAHBAR, 210601

UNIX FileSystem

As everything is a file, so to manage all the files (whether large or small) many systems are used... One of such system is Unix FileSystem

Files in Unix Subsystem

  1. Files in unix file system are arranged heirarchy with on the top being Root file denoted by /.
  2. Under Root directory there are multiple directories and one of them being ~ --> Home Directory .
  3. There are others as well, some of them are listed below:
    • /bin --> contains binary files.
    • /dev --> contains info about devices.
    • /root -> The home directory of super user "root" i.e. the system administrator.
    • etc.

Unix Commands

  1. pwd --> show current location
  2. man name --> show manual page of name
  3. ls --> show content of current file location: attributes [-l]--> list view with file details,[-a]--> hidden files, [-h]--> show memory of files in more readable format.
  4. cat path --> show content of file at path
  5. cd path --> change directory/location.... here "cd../" can be used to go one heirarchy up (/ ends command)
  6. mkdir --> make/create new directory.
  7. touch path --> create a new empty file.
  8. echo text --> prints text as it is.... ">" is used to execute output of echo into some other file. ">>" will append instead of write from start.
  9. rm --> delete file
  10. chmod --> change file mode bits (actually change permissions)
  11. sudo --> it is super user command i.e. to run as administrator... eg: sudo apt-get install python: to install python.
  12. etc.

Permissions in linux file system

chmod

for example: a directory
drwxr-xr-- "filename/directoryName is xyz"
Here d => directory
r=> readable           weight: 4
w=> writable                   2
x=> executable                 1

if file is readable + writable + executable now here, xyz is rwx by owner, r & x by group and only r by others.

Git

It is version control manager/tracker. It will track how your file changes and stores/keeps the history of your file(s). What they were before and are now.

git commands

git init --> creates/initialises a git repository

git status --> shows the status or any update you have made to your files in your current directory and its sub directories.

git branch [-m] xyz--> creates a new branch, actually a copy of current branch in which you can do any modification which will not be showed up in your master/main branch.

git checkout (main) --> to change branch (here to main)

git add * --> update all the changes you have made to your files in the current directory.

git add -A --> update the changes in directories as well.

git commit -m xyz --> A commit, or "revision", is an individual change to a file (or set of files). It's like when you save a file, except with Git, every time you save it creates a unique ID (a.k.a. the "SHA" or "hash") that allows you to keep record of what changes were made when and by who.

git log --> to check the log of your changes and commits.

rm -rf git --> to get out of git.

steps to update github repository

  1. Fork the repo, create personal access command line token and copy the URL. OR you can directly access any repository directly from VSCode.

  2. Follow the following commands:

    • git clone "URL"
    • Start editing in any text editor
    • after making changes, git add * and git add -A
    • then check git status
    • then do git commit -m "your_message".
    • push your code using git push -u origin "branch_name".

  3. Make a pull request on github.

Markdown File

# --> heading 1, like h1 tag in HTML. likewise, # to ###### ===> h1 to h6 in HTML...

  • - --> list tag
  • --- --> insert horizontal line.
  • [link xyz] with () --> to insert any link in md file.