diff --git a/ledger/verify_kes.go b/ledger/verify_kes.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63194a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ledger/verify_kes.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Cardano Foundation
+// Copyright 2024 Blink Labs Software
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// This file is taken almost verbatim (including comments) from
+// https://github.com/cardano-foundation/cardano-ibc-incubator
+
+package ledger
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/blinklabs-io/gouroboros/cbor"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/blake2b"
+)
+
+// This module inspired by https://github.com/input-output-hk/kes,
+// special thanks to https://github.com/iquerejeta, who helped me a lot on this journey
+
+const (
+	SIGMA_SIZE      = 64
+	PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE = 32
+	Sum0KesSig_SIZE = 64
+)
+
+type SumXKesSig struct {
+	Depth                  uint64
+	Sigma                  interface{}
+	LeftHandSidePublicKey  ed25519.PublicKey
+	RightHandSidePublicKey ed25519.PublicKey
+}
+
+func NewSumKesFromByte(depth uint64, fromByte []byte) SumXKesSig {
+	kesSize := SIGMA_SIZE + depth*(PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE*2)
+	if len(fromByte) != int(kesSize) {
+		panic("length not match")
+	}
+	nextKesSize := SIGMA_SIZE + (depth-1)*(PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE*2)
+	var sigma interface{}
+	if depth == 1 {
+		sigma = Sum0KesSigFromByte(fromByte)
+	} else {
+		sigma = NewSumKesFromByte(depth-1, fromByte[0:nextKesSize])
+	}
+	return SumXKesSig{
+		depth,
+		sigma,
+		fromByte[nextKesSize : nextKesSize+PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE],
+		fromByte[nextKesSize+PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE : nextKesSize+PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE*2],
+	}
+}
+
+func (s SumXKesSig) Verify(period uint64, pubKey ed25519.PublicKey, msg []byte) bool {
+	pk2 := HashPair(s.LeftHandSidePublicKey, s.RightHandSidePublicKey)
+	if !bytes.Equal(pk2, pubKey) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	nextDepth := uint64(math.Pow(2, float64(s.Depth)-1))
+	sigma := s.Sigma
+	nextPeriod := period
+	nextPk := s.LeftHandSidePublicKey
+	if period >= nextDepth {
+		nextPeriod = period - nextDepth
+		nextPk = s.RightHandSidePublicKey
+	}
+
+	switch sumX := sigma.(type) {
+	case SumXKesSig:
+		return sumX.Verify(nextPeriod, nextPk, msg)
+	case Sum0KesSig:
+		return sumX.Verify(nextPeriod, nextPk, msg)
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func HashPair(l ed25519.PublicKey, r ed25519.PublicKey) ed25519.PublicKey {
+	h, err := blake2b.New(32, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(
+			fmt.Sprintf("unexpected error creating empty blake2b hash: %s", err),
+		)
+	}
+	h.Write(l[:])
+	h.Write(r[:])
+	return h.Sum(nil)
+}
+
+func Sum0KesSigFromByte(sigBytes []byte) Sum0KesSig {
+	return sigBytes[0:Sum0KesSig_SIZE]
+}
+
+type Sum0KesSig []byte
+
+func (s Sum0KesSig) Verify(_ uint64, pubKey ed25519.PublicKey, msg []byte) bool {
+	return ed25519.Verify(pubKey, msg, s)
+}
+
+// TODO: make this work on anything from Shelley onward
+func VerifyKes(header *BabbageBlockHeader, slotsPerKesPeriod uint64) (bool, error) {
+	// Ref: https://github.com/IntersectMBO/ouroboros-consensus/blob/de74882102236fdc4dd25aaa2552e8b3e208448c/ouroboros-consensus-cardano/src/shelley/Ouroboros/Consensus/Shelley/Protocol/Praos.hs#L125
+	sigBytes := header.Signature.([]byte)
+	// Ref: https://github.com/IntersectMBO/cardano-ledger/blob/master/libs/cardano-protocol-tpraos/src/Cardano/Protocol/TPraos/BHeader.hs#L189
+	msgBytes, err := cbor.Encode(header.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	opCert := header.Body.OpCert
+	opCertVkHotBytes := header.Body.OpCert.HotVkey
+	startOfKesPeriod := uint64(opCert.KesPeriod)
+	currentSlot := header.Body.Slot
+	currentKesPeriod := currentSlot / slotsPerKesPeriod
+	t := uint64(0)
+	if currentKesPeriod >= startOfKesPeriod {
+		t = currentKesPeriod - startOfKesPeriod
+	}
+	return verifySignedKES(opCertVkHotBytes, t, msgBytes, sigBytes), nil
+}
+
+func verifySignedKES(vkey []byte, period uint64, msg []byte, sig []byte) bool {
+	proof := NewSumKesFromByte(6, sig)
+	isValid := proof.Verify(period, vkey, msg)
+	return isValid
+}