Update golang.org/x/crypto to v0.22.0 and Minimum Go Version to 1.18 to Address Security Vulnerabilities

[buckedunicorn]

Please update the golang.org/x/crypto package to version 0.22.0 and raise the minimum Go version to 1.18.

These changes are needed to address several high and moderate severity security vulnerabilities, specifically CVE-2021-43565, CVE-2022-27191, CVE-2023-48795, and CVE-2022-29526, which were present in the previously used version of the crypto package.

Updating ensures that the DiscordGo library remains secure and up-to-date with the latest security patches and features.

The Go version in CI workflows needs updating to support versions from 1.18 through 1.22, maintaining compatibility with current Go releases.

A minimum version of Go >= 1.18.2 is required to fully address all vulnerabilities listed.

Vulnerabilities covered:

• CVE-2021-43565
  • Severity: HIGH
  • Package: golang.org/x/crypto from 0.0.0-20210421170649-83a5a9bb288b
  • Advisory: GHSA-gwc9-m7rh-j2ww
• CVE-2022-27191
  • Severity: HIGH
  • Package: golang.org/x/crypto from 0.0.0-20210421170649-83a5a9bb288b
  • Advisory: GHSA-8c26-wmh5-6g9v
• CVE-2023-48795
  • Severity: Moderate
  • Package: golang.org/x/crypto from 0.0.0-20210421170649-83a5a9bb288b
  • Advisory: GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8
• CVE-2022-29526
  • Severity: Moderate
  • Package: go < 1.18.2 via golang.org/x/sys/unix
  • Advisory: GHSA-p782-xgp4-8hr8

Validation Steps Proposed:

• go mod tidy
• diff <(gofmt -d .) <(echo -n)
• go vet -x ./...
• golint -set_exit_status ./...
• go test -v -race ./...

Originally Proposed PR: #1528