diff --git a/crates/csharp/src/csproj.rs b/crates/csharp/src/csproj.rs
index 626e89df2..fe5aa24b1 100644
--- a/crates/csharp/src/csproj.rs
+++ b/crates/csharp/src/csproj.rs
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ impl CSProjectLLVMBuilder {
             csproj.push_str(
                 r#"
                 <ItemGroup>
-                    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler.LLVM" Version="9.0.0-rc.1.24412.1" />
-                    <PackageReference Include="runtime.win-x64.Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler.LLVM" Version="9.0.0-rc.1.24412.1" />
+                    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler.LLVM" Version="10.0.0-*" />
+                    <PackageReference Include="runtime.win-x64.Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler.LLVM" Version="10.0.0-*" />
                 </ItemGroup>
                 "#,
             );
diff --git a/crates/csharp/src/lib.rs b/crates/csharp/src/lib.rs
index 6f11ef47b..ff4c767c0 100644
--- a/crates/csharp/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/csharp/src/lib.rs
@@ -25,18 +25,6 @@ use wit_component::{StringEncoding, WitPrinter};
 mod csproj;
 pub use csproj::CSProject;
 
-//TODO remove unused
-const CSHARP_IMPORTS: &str = "\
-using System;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Collections;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-";
-
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "clap", derive(clap::Args))]
 pub struct Opts {
@@ -106,6 +94,8 @@ struct InterfaceFragment {
     csharp_src: String,
     csharp_interop_src: String,
     stub: String,
+    usings: HashSet<String>,
+    interop_usings: HashSet<String>,
 }
 
 pub struct InterfaceTypeAndFragments {
@@ -133,6 +123,8 @@ pub enum FunctionLevel {
 pub struct CSharp {
     opts: Opts,
     name: String,
+    usings: HashSet<String>,
+    interop_usings: HashSet<String>,
     return_area_size: usize,
     return_area_align: usize,
     tuple_counts: HashSet<usize>,
@@ -180,6 +172,8 @@ impl CSharp {
             resolve,
             name,
             direction,
+            usings: HashSet::<String>::new(),
+            interop_usings: HashSet::<String>::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -196,6 +190,20 @@ impl CSharp {
             (String::new(), String::new())
         }
     }
+
+    fn require_using(&mut self, using_ns: &str) {
+        if !self.usings.contains(using_ns) {
+            let using_ns_string = using_ns.to_string();
+            self.usings.insert(using_ns_string);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn require_interop_using(&mut self, using_ns: &str) {
+        if !self.interop_usings.contains(using_ns) {
+            let using_ns_string = using_ns.to_string();
+            self.interop_usings.insert(using_ns_string);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
@@ -405,10 +413,11 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
 
         let access = self.access_modifier();
 
+        let using_pos = src.len();
+
         uwrite!(
             src,
-            "{CSHARP_IMPORTS}
-
+            "
              namespace {world_namespace} {{
 
              {access} interface I{name}World {{
@@ -424,6 +433,16 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
                 .join("\n"),
         );
 
+        let usings: Vec<_> = self
+            .world_fragments
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|f| &f.usings)
+            .cloned()
+            .collect();
+        usings.iter().for_each(|u| {
+            self.require_using(u);
+        });
+
         let mut producers = wasm_metadata::Producers::empty();
         producers.add(
             "processed-by",
@@ -434,6 +453,7 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
         src.push_str("}\n");
 
         if self.needs_result {
+            self.require_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
             uwrite!(
                 src,
                 r#"
@@ -495,6 +515,7 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
         }
 
         if self.needs_option {
+            self.require_using("System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis");
             uwrite!(
                 src,
                 r#"
@@ -525,6 +546,8 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
         }
 
         if self.needs_interop_string {
+            self.require_using("System.Text");
+            self.require_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
             uwrite!(
                 src,
                 r#"
@@ -568,6 +591,8 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
 
             let (array_size, element_type) =
                 dotnet_aligned_array(self.return_area_size, self.return_area_align);
+
+            self.require_using("System.Runtime.CompilerServices");
             uwrite!(
                 ret_area_str,
                 "
@@ -607,6 +632,17 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
             src.push_str("\n");
 
             src.push_str("namespace exports {\n");
+
+            src.push_str(
+                &self
+                    .world_fragments
+                    .iter()
+                    .flat_map(|f| &f.interop_usings)
+                    .map(|s| "using ".to_owned() + s + ";")
+                    .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+                    .join("\n"),
+            );
+
             src.push_str(&format!("{access} static class {name}World\n"));
             src.push_str("{");
 
@@ -623,6 +659,16 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
 
         src.push_str("}\n");
 
+        src.insert_str(
+            using_pos,
+            &self
+                .usings
+                .iter()
+                .map(|s| "using ".to_owned() + s + ";")
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+                .join("\n"),
+        );
+
         files.push(&format!("{name}.cs"), indent(&src).as_bytes());
 
         let generate_stub = |name: String, files: &mut Files, stubs: Stubs| {
@@ -668,8 +714,6 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
 
             let body = format!(
                 "{header}
-                 {CSHARP_IMPORTS}
-
                  namespace {fully_qualified_namespace};
 
                  {access} partial class {stub_class_name} : {interface_or_class_name} {{
@@ -789,14 +833,20 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
             if body.len() > 0 {
                 let body = format!(
                     "{header}
-                    {CSHARP_IMPORTS}
+                    {0}
 
                     namespace {namespace};
 
                     {access} interface {interface_name} {{
                         {body}
                     }}
-                    "
+                    ",
+                    fragments
+                        .iter()
+                        .flat_map(|f| &f.usings)
+                        .map(|s| "using ".to_owned() + s + ";")
+                        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+                        .join("\n"),
                 );
 
                 files.push(&format!("{full_name}.cs"), indent(&body).as_bytes());
@@ -812,7 +862,7 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
             let class_name = interface_name.strip_prefix("I").unwrap();
             let body = format!(
                 "{header}
-                {CSHARP_IMPORTS}
+                 {0}
 
                 namespace {namespace}
                 {{
@@ -820,7 +870,13 @@ impl WorldGenerator for CSharp {
                       {body}
                   }}
                 }}
-                "
+                ",
+                fragments
+                    .iter()
+                    .flat_map(|f| &f.interop_usings)
+                    .map(|s| "using ".to_owned() + s + ";\n")
+                    .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+                    .join(""),
             );
 
             files.push(
@@ -845,6 +901,8 @@ struct InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
     resolve: &'a Resolve,
     name: &'a str,
     direction: Direction,
+    usings: HashSet<String>,
+    interop_usings: HashSet<String>,
 }
 
 impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
@@ -956,6 +1014,8 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
                 csharp_src: self.src,
                 csharp_interop_src: self.csharp_interop_src,
                 stub: self.stub,
+                usings: self.usings,
+                interop_usings: self.interop_usings,
             });
     }
 
@@ -964,6 +1024,8 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
             csharp_src: self.src,
             csharp_interop_src: self.csharp_interop_src,
             stub: self.stub,
+            usings: self.usings,
+            interop_usings: self.interop_usings,
         });
     }
 
@@ -1083,8 +1145,10 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
         let import_name = &func.name;
 
         let target = if let FunctionKind::Freestanding = &func.kind {
+            self.require_interop_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
             &mut self.csharp_interop_src
         } else {
+            self.require_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
             &mut self.src
         };
 
@@ -1229,6 +1293,7 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
         let export_name = func.legacy_core_export_name(core_module_name.as_deref());
         let access = self.gen.access_modifier();
 
+        self.require_interop_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
         uwrite!(
             self.csharp_interop_src,
             r#"
@@ -1429,6 +1494,20 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
         }
     }
 
+    fn require_using(&mut self, using_ns: &str) {
+        if !self.usings.contains(using_ns) {
+            let using_ns_string = using_ns.to_string();
+            self.usings.insert(using_ns_string);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn require_interop_using(&mut self, using_ns: &str) {
+        if !self.interop_usings.contains(using_ns) {
+            let using_ns_string = using_ns.to_string();
+            self.interop_usings.insert(using_ns_string);
+        }
+    }
+
     fn start_resource(&mut self, id: TypeId, key: Option<&WorldKey>) {
         let access = self.gen.access_modifier();
         let qualified = self.type_name_with_qualifier(&Type::Id(id), true);
@@ -1444,6 +1523,7 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
                     .map(|key| self.resolve.name_world_key(key))
                     .unwrap_or_else(|| "$root".into());
 
+                self.require_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
                 // As of this writing, we cannot safely drop a handle to an imported resource from a .NET finalizer
                 // because it may still have one or more open child resources.  Once WIT has explicit syntax for
                 // indicating parent/child relationships, we should be able to use that information to keep track
@@ -1482,6 +1562,7 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
                     .map(|s| format!("{}#", self.resolve.name_world_key(s)))
                     .unwrap_or_else(String::new);
 
+                self.require_interop_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
                 uwrite!(
                     self.csharp_interop_src,
                     r#"
@@ -1500,6 +1581,7 @@ impl InterfaceGenerator<'_> {
                     .map(|key| format!("[export]{}", self.resolve.name_world_key(key)))
                     .unwrap_or_else(|| "[export]$root".into());
 
+                self.require_using("System.Runtime.InteropServices");
                 // The ergonomics of exported resources are not ideal, currently. Implementing such a resource
                 // requires both extending a class and implementing an interface. The reason for the class is to
                 // allow implementers to inherit code which tracks and disposes of the resource handle; the reason
@@ -2584,10 +2666,18 @@ impl Bindgen for FunctionBindgen<'_, '_> {
                 self.gen.gen.needs_interop_string = true;
             }
 
-            Instruction::StringLift { .. } => results.push(format!(
-                "Encoding.UTF8.GetString((byte*){}, {})",
-                operands[0], operands[1]
-            )),
+            Instruction::StringLift { .. } => {
+                if FunctionKind::Freestanding == *self.kind || self.gen.direction == Direction::Export {
+                    self.gen.require_interop_using("System.Text");
+                } else {
+                    self.gen.require_using("System.Text");
+                }
+
+                results.push(format!(
+                    "Encoding.UTF8.GetString((byte*){}, {})",
+                    operands[0], operands[1]
+                ));
+            }
 
             Instruction::ListLower { element, realloc } => {
                 let Block {