Switch to ST124 and Use python plugin instead of charm plugin in charmcraft.yaml files

[NohaIhab]

Context

These changes are necessary to push forward with using data platform workflows latest version, that is using the latest charmcraft.
Data platform workflows will only support ST124 "shorthand notation" syntax , see https://github.com/canonical/data-platform-workflows/blob/main/.github/workflows/build_charm.md#required-charmcraftyaml-syntax.
Using platforms or base instead of bases with charmcraft 3 will result in different behavior if you're currently using the default charm plugin, see canonical/charmcraft#2055.

What needs to get done

Refactor all charmcraft.yaml files in this repo to:

1. Use ST124 notation
2. Use python plugin instead of charm plugin

Definition of Done

all charms in this repo use ST124 notation and python plugin

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The internal ticket has been created: https://warthogs.atlassian.net/browse/KF-6736.

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