diff --git a/.DS_Store b/.DS_Store
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb794769
Binary files /dev/null and b/.DS_Store differ
diff --git a/config.yaml b/config.yaml
index bd61fc52..b37c5adf 100644
--- a/config.yaml
+++ b/config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
carpentry: 'incubator'
# Overall title for pages.
-title: 'Geospatial Data Carpentry with R for Urbanists'
+title: 'Geospatial Data Carpentry for Urbanism'
# Date the lesson was created (YYYY-MM-DD, this is empty by default)
created:
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ contact: 'c.forgaci@tudelft.nl'
# Order of episodes in your lesson
episodes:
+- 01-intro-to-r.Rmd
+- 02-data-structures.Rmd
+- 03-explore-data.Rmd
+- 04-intro-to-visualisation.Rmd
- 09-open-and-plot-vector-layers.Rmd
- 10-explore-and-plot-by-vector-layer-attributes.Rmd
- 11-plot-multiple-shape-files.Rmd
diff --git a/episodes/01-intro-to-r.Rmd b/episodes/01-intro-to-r.Rmd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9593a135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/episodes/01-intro-to-r.Rmd
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+---
+title: 'Introduction to R and RStudio'
+teaching: 45
+exercises: 5
+---
+
+```{r setup, include=FALSE}
+knitr::opts_chunk$set(
+ echo = TRUE,
+ message = FALSE,
+ warning = FALSE,
+ eval = FALSE
+)
+
+# Load libraries ----------------------------------------------------------
+# Package names
+packages <- c("tidyverse", "here")
+
+# Install packages not yet installed
+installed_packages <- packages %in% rownames(installed.packages())
+if (any(installed_packages == FALSE)) {
+ install.packages(packages[!installed_packages])
+}
+
+# Packages loading
+invisible(lapply(packages, library, character.only = TRUE))
+
+```
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: questions
+
+- How to find your way around RStudio?
+- How to manage projects in R?
+- How to install packages?
+- How to interact with R?
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: objectives
+
+After completing this episode, participants should be able to…
+
+- Create self-contained projects in RStudio
+- Install additional packages using R code.
+- Manage packages
+- Define a variable
+- Assign data to a variable
+- Call functions
+
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+# Project management in RStudio
+
+RStudio is an integrated development environment (IDE), which means
+it provides a (much prettier) interface for the R software. For RStudio to work,
+you need to have R installed on your computer. But R is integrated into RStudio,
+so you never actually have to open R software.
+
+RStudio provides a useful feature: creating projects -
+self-contained working space (i.e. working directory), to which R will refer to,
+when looking for and saving files.
+You can create projects in existing directories (folders) or create a new one.
+
+## Creating RStudio Project
+
+We’re going to create a project in RStudio in a new directory.
+To create a project, go to:
+
+- `File`
+- `New Project`
+- `New directory`
+- Place the project that you will easily find on your laptop and name the project `data-carpentry`
+- `Create project`
+
+
+## Organising working directory
+
+Creating an RStudio project is a good first step towards good project management.
+However, most of the time it is a good idea to organize working space further.
+This is one suggestion of how your R project can look like.
+Let's go ahead and create the other folders:
+
+- `data/` - should be where your raw data is. **READ ONLY**
+- `data_output/` - should be where your data output is saved **READ AND WRITE**
+- `documents/` - all the documentation associated with the project (e.g. cookbook)
+- `fig_output/` - your figure outputs go here **WRITE ONLY**
+- `scripts/` - all your code goes here **READ AND WRITE**
+
+{alt="RStudio
+project logo with five lines, each leading from the logo towards
+one of the five boxes with texts: 'data/', 'data_output/', 'documents/',
+'fig_output/', 'scripts/'"}
+
+
+You can create these folders as you would any other folders on your laptop, but
+R and RStudio offer handy ways to do it directly in your RStudio session.
+
+You can use RStudio interface to create a folder in your project by going to
+lower-bottom pane, files tab, and clicking on Folder icon.
+A dialog box will appear,
+allowing you typing a name of a folder you want to create.
+
+An alternative solution is to create the folders using R command `dir.create()`.
+In the console type:
+
+```{r create-directories}
+dir.create('data')
+dir.create('data_output')
+dir.create('documents')
+dir.create('fig_output')
+dir.create('scripts')
+
+```
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: instructor
+
+In interest of time, focus on one way of creating the folders. You can showcase
+an alternative method with just one example.
+
+Once you have finished, ask the participants if they have managed to create a
+R Project and get the same folder structure.
+To do this, use green and red stickers.
+
+This will become important, as we use relative paths together with `here`
+package to read and write objects.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+## Two main ways to interact with R
+
+There are two main ways to interact with R through RStudio:
+
+- test and play environment within the interactive **R console**
+- write and save an **R script (`.R` file)**
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+When you open the RStudio or create the Rstudio project, you will see Console
+window on the left by default. Once you create an R script,
+it is placed in the upper left pane.
+The Console is moved to the bottom left pane.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+
+Each of the modes o interactions has its advantages and drawbacks.
+
+| | Console | R script|
+|--------|---------|---------|
+|**Pros**|Immediate results|Work lost once you close RStudio |
+|**Cons**|Complete record of your work |Messy if you just want to print things out|
+
+
+
+## Creating a script
+
+During the workshop we will mostly use an `.R` script to have a full documentation
+of what has been written. This way we will also be able to reproduce the results.
+Let's create one now and save it in the `scripts` directory.
+
+- `File`
+- `New File`
+- `R Script`
+- A new `Untitled` script will appear in the source pane.
+- Save it using floppy disc icon.
+- Select the `scripts/` folder as the file location
+- Name the script `intro-to-r.R`
+
+
+## Running the code
+
+Note that all code written in the script can be also executed at a spot in the
+interactive console.
+We will now learn how to run the code both in the console and the script.
+
+- In the Console you run the code by hitting Enter
+ at the end of the line
+- In the R script there are two way to execute the code:
+ + You can use the `Run` button on the top right of the script window.
+ + Alternatively, you can use a keyboard shortcut: Ctrl +
+ Enter or Command + Return for MAC users.
+
+In both cases, the active line (the line where your cursor is placed) or a
+highlighted snippet of code will be executed. A common source of error in scripts,
+such as a previously created object not found, is code that has not been executed in
+previous lines: make sure that all code has been executed as described above.
+To run all lines before the active line, you can use the keyboard shortcut
+Ctrl + Alt + B on Windows/Linux or
+Command + option + B on Mac.
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+### Escaping
+
+The console shows it's ready to get new commands with `>` sign.
+It will show `+` sign if it still requires input for the command to be executed.
+
+Sometimes you don't know what is missing/ you change your mind and
+want to run something else, or your code is running much too long
+and you just want it to stop.
+The way to do it is to press Esc.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+## Packages
+
+A great power of R lays in **packages: add-on sets of functions** that are build
+by the community and once they go through a quality process they are available to
+download from a repository called `CRAN`. They need to be explicitly activated.
+Now, we will be using `tidyverse` package,
+which is actually a collection of useful packages.
+Another package that we will use is `here`.
+
+You were asked to install `tidyverse` package in the preparation for the workshop.
+You need to install a package only once, so you won't have to do it again.
+We will however need to install the `here` package. To do so, please go to your
+script and type:
+
+```{r install-here-package, eval=FALSE}
+install.packages('here')
+```
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+If you are not sure if you have `tidyverse` packaged installed, you can check it
+in the `Packages` tab in the bottom right pane.
+In the search box start typing '`tidyverse`' and see if it appears in the list
+of installed packages. If not, you will need to install it by writing in
+the script:
+
+```{r install-tidyverse-package, eval=FALSE}
+install.packages('tidyverse')
+```
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+### Commenting your code
+
+Now we have a bit of an issue with our script. As mentioned, the packages need to
+be installed only once, but now, they will be installed each time we run the script,
+which can take a lot of time if we're installing a large package like `tidyverse`.
+
+To keep a trace of you installing the packages, without executing it, you can use
+a comment. In `R`, anything that is written after a has sign `#`, is ignored in
+execution. Thanks to this feature, you can annotate your code.
+Let's adapt our script by changing the first lines into comments:
+
+```{r comment}
+# install.packages('here')
+# install.packages('tidyverse')
+
+```
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+
+Installing packages is not sufficient to work with them. You will need to load
+them each time you want to use them. To do that you use `library()` command:
+
+```{r load-package}
+# Load packages
+library(tidyverse)
+library(here)
+
+```
+
+## Handling paths
+
+You have created a project which is your working directory,
+and a few sub-folders, that will help you organise your project better.
+But now, each time you will save or retrieve a file from those folders,
+you will need to specify the path from the folder you are in
+(most likely the `scripts/` folder) to those files.
+
+That can become complicated and might cause a reproducibility problem,
+if the person using your code (including future you)
+is working in a different sub-folder.
+
+
+We will use the `here()` package to tackle this issue. This package converts relative
+paths from the root (main folder) of your project to absolute paths (the exact
+location on your computer). For instance, instead of writing out the full path like
+"C:/Users/YourName/Documents/r-geospatial-urban/data/file.csv" or
+"~/Documents/r-geospatial-urban/data/file.csv", you can use the `here()` function
+to create a path relative to your project's main directory. This makes your code
+more portable and reproducible, as it doesn't depend on a specific location of
+your project on your computer.
+
+It might be confusing, so let's see how it works. We will use the `here()` function
+from the `here` package. In the console, we write:
+
+```{r here}
+here()
+here('data')
+```
+
+You all probably have something different printed out. And this is fine, because
+`here` adapts to your computer's specific situation.
+
+
+## Download files
+
+We still need to download data for the first part of the workshop.
+You can do it with the function `download.file()`.
+We will save it in the `data/` folder, where the **raw** data should go.
+In the script, we will write:
+
+```{r download-files}
+# Download the data
+download.file('https://bit.ly/geospatial_data',
+ here('episodes', 'data','gapminder_data.csv'))
+
+```
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+# Importing data into R
+
+Three of the most common ways of importing data in R are:
+
+- loading a package with pre-installed data;
+- downloading data from a URL;
+- reading a file from your computer.
+
+For larger datasets, database connections or API requests are also possible. We
+will not cover these in the workshop.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+
+# Introduction to R
+
+You can use R as calculator, you can for example write:
+
+```{r calculator}
+1+100
+1*100
+1/100
+
+```
+
+
+## Variables and assignment
+
+However, what's more useful is that in R we can store values and
+use them whenever we need to.
+We using the assignment operator `<-`, like this:
+
+```{r asignment-operator}
+x <- 1/40
+```
+
+Notice that assignment does not print a value. Instead, we've stored it for later
+in something called a variable. `x` variable now contains the value `0.025`:
+```{r asignment-operator2}
+x
+```
+
+Look for the `Environment` tab in the upper right pane of RStudio.
+You will see that `x` and its value have appeared in the list of Values.
+Our variable `x` can be used in place of a number in any calculation that expects
+a number, e.g. when calculating a square root:
+
+```{r use-variable}
+sqrt(x)
+```
+
+Variables can be also reassigned. This means that we can assign a new value to
+variable `x`:
+```{r reassign}
+x <- 100
+x
+```
+
+You can use one variable to create a new one:
+```{r reassign2}
+y <- sqrt(x) # you can use value stored in object x to create y
+y
+```
+
+
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: keypoints
+
+- Use RStudio to write and run R programs.
+- Use `install.packages()` to install packages.
+- Use `library()` to load packages.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
diff --git a/episodes/02-data-structures.Rmd b/episodes/02-data-structures.Rmd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bee71477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/episodes/02-data-structures.Rmd
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+---
+title: 'Data Structures'
+teaching: 10
+exercises: 2
+---
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: questions
+
+- What are the basic data types in R?
+- How do I represent categorical information in R?
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: objectives
+
+After completing this episode, participants should be able to…
+
+- To be aware of the different types of data.
+- To begin exploring data frames, and understand how they are related to vectors, factors and lists.
+- To be able to ask questions from R about the type, class, and structure of an object.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+## Vectors
+So far we've looked on individual values. Now we will move to a data structure
+called vectors. Vectors are arrays of values of the same data type.
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+### Data types
+
+Data type refers to a type of information that is stored by a value.
+It can be:
+
+- `numerical` (a number)
+- `integer` (a number without information about decimal points)
+- `logical` (a boolean - are values TRUE or FALSE?)
+- `character` (a text/ string of characters)
+- `complex` (a complex number)
+- `raw` (raw bytes)
+
+We won't discuss `complex` or `raw` data type in the workshop.
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+### Data structures
+
+Vectors are the most common and basic data structure in R but you will come
+across other data structures such as data frames, lists and matrices as well.
+In short:
+
+- data.frames is a two-dimensional data structure in which columns are vectors of the same length that can have different data types. We will use this data structure in this lesson.
+- lists can have an arbitrary structure and can mix data types;
+- matrices are two-dimensional data structures containing elements of the same data type.
+
+For a more detailed description, see [Data Types and Structures](https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-inflammation/13-supp-data-structures.html).
+
+Note that vector data in the geospatial context is different from vector data types. More about vector data in a [later lesson](../episodes/09-open-and-plot-vector-layers.Rmd)!
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+You can create a vector with a `c()` function.
+
+```{r vectors}
+
+numeric_vector <- c(2, 6, 3) # vector of numbers - numeric data type.
+numeric_vector
+
+character_vector <- c('banana', 'apple', 'orange') # vector of words - or strings of characters- character data type
+character_vector
+
+logical_vector <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE) # vector of logical values (is something true or false?)- logical data type.
+logical_vector
+
+```
+
+### Combining vectors
+
+The combine function, `c()`, will also append things to an existing vector:
+
+```{r combine-vectors}
+
+ab_vector <- c('a', 'b')
+ab_vector
+
+abcd_vector <- c(ab_vector, 'c', 'd')
+abcd_vector
+
+```
+
+### Missing values
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: challenge
+
+### Exercise
+
+Combine the `abcd_vector` with the `numeric_vector` in R. What is the data type of this new vector and why?
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::: solution
+
+```
+combined_vector <- c(abcd_vector, numeric_vector)
+combined_vector
+```
+The combined vector is a character vector. Because vectors can only hold one data type and `abcd_vector` cannot be interpreted as numbers, the numbers in `numeric_vector` are _coerced_ into characters.
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+A common operation you want to perform is to remove all the missing values
+(in R denoted as `NA`). Let's have a look how to do it:
+
+```{r remove-na}
+with_na <- c(1, 2, 1, 1, NA, 3, NA ) # vector including missing value
+```
+
+First, let's try to calculate mean for the values in this vector
+```{r remove-na1}
+mean(with_na) # mean() function cannot interpret the missing values
+
+mean(with_na, na.rm = T) # You can add the argument na.rm=TRUE to calculate the result while ignoring the missing values.
+```
+
+However, sometimes, you would like to have the `NA`
+permanently removed from your vector.
+For this you need to identify which elements of the vector hold missing values
+with `is.na()` function.
+
+```{r remove-na2}
+is.na(with_na) # This will produce a vector of logical values, stating if a statement 'This element of the vector is a missing value' is true or not
+
+!is.na(with_na) # # The ! operator means negation ,i.e. not is.na(with_na)
+
+```
+
+We know which elements in the vectors are `NA`.
+Now we need to retrieve the subset of the `with_na` vector that is not `NA`.
+Sub-setting in `R` is done with square brackets`[ ]`.
+
+```{r remove-na3}
+
+without_na <- with_na[ !is.na(with_na) ] # this notation will return only the elements that have TRUE on their respective positions
+
+without_na
+
+```
+
+
+## Factors
+
+Another important data structure is called a **factor**.
+Factors look like character data, but are used to represent categorical information.
+
+Factors create a structured relation between the different levels (values) of a
+categorical variable, such as days of the week or responses to a question in a
+survey. While factors look (and often behave) like character vectors, they are
+actually treated as numbers by `R`, which is useful for computing summary
+statistics about their distribution, running regression analysis, etc.
+So you need to be very careful when treating them as strings.
+
+### Create factors
+Once created, factors can only contain a pre-defined set of values,
+known as levels.
+
+```{r factor-create}
+
+nordic_str <- c('Norway', 'Sweden', 'Norway', 'Denmark', 'Sweden')
+nordic_str # regular character vectors printed out
+
+nordic_cat <- factor(nordic_str) # factor() function converts a vector to factor data type
+nordic_cat # With factors, R prints out additional information - 'Levels'
+
+```
+
+### Inspect factors
+R will treat each unique value from a factor vector as a **level** and (silently)
+assign numerical values to it.
+This can come in handy when performing statistical analysis.
+You can inspect and adapt levels of the factor.
+
+```{r factor-inspect}
+levels(nordic_cat) # returns all levels of a factor vector.
+
+nlevels(nordic_cat) # returns number of levels in a vector
+```
+
+### Reorder levels
+Note that `R` sorts the levels in the alphabetic order,
+not in the order of occurrence in the vector. `R` assigns value of:
+
+- 1 to level 'Denmark',
+- 2 to 'Norway'
+- 3 to 'Sweden'.
+
+This is important as it can affect e.g. the order in which categories are
+displayed in a plot or which category is taken as a baseline in a statistical model.
+
+You can reorder the categories using `factor()` function. This can be useful, for instance, to select a reference category (first level) in a regression model or for ordering legend items in a plot, rather than using the default category systematically (i.e. based on alphabetical order).
+
+```{r factor-reorder1}
+nordic_cat <- factor(nordic_cat, levels = c('Norway' , 'Denmark', 'Sweden')) # now Norway should be the first category, Denmark second and Sweden third
+
+nordic_cat
+```
+
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+There is more than one way to reorder factors. Later in the lesson,
+we will use `fct_relevel()` function from `forcats` package to do the reordering.
+
+```{r factor-reorder2}
+# nordic_cat <- fct_relevel(nordic_cat, 'Norway' , 'Denmark', 'Sweden') # now Norway should be the first category, Denmark second and Sweden third
+
+nordic_cat
+```
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+
+You can also inspect vectors with `str()` function. In factor vectors,
+it shows the underlying values of each category.
+You can also see the structure in the environment tab of RStudio.
+
+```{r factor-reorder}
+str(nordic_cat)
+```
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
+
+### Note of caution
+
+Remember that once created, factors can only contain a pre-defined set of values,
+known as levels. It means that whenever you try to add something to the factor
+outside of this set, it will become an unknown/missing value detonated by
+`R` as `NA`.
+
+
+```{r factor-missing-level}
+nordic_str
+nordic_cat2 <- factor(nordic_str, levels = c('Norway', 'Denmark'))
+nordic_cat2 # since we have not included Sweden in the list of factor levels, it has become NA.
+```
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: keypoints
+
+- The mostly used basic data types in R are `numeric`, `integer`, `logical`, and `character`
+- Use factors to represent categories in R.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
diff --git a/episodes/03-explore-data.Rmd b/episodes/03-explore-data.Rmd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fab2d56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/episodes/03-explore-data.Rmd
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+---
+title: 'Exploring Data Frames & Data frame Manipulation with dplyr '
+teaching: 10
+exercises: 2
+---
+
+```{r setup, include=FALSE}
+knitr::opts_chunk$set(
+ echo = TRUE,
+ message = FALSE,
+ warning = FALSE
+)
+
+# Load libraries ----------------------------------------------------------
+# Package names
+packages <- c("tidyverse", "here")
+
+# Packages loading
+invisible(lapply(packages, library, character.only = TRUE))
+
+```
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: questions
+
+- What is a data frame?
+- How can I read data in R?
+- How can I get basic summary information about my data set?
+- How can I select specific rows and/or columns from a data frame?
+- How can I combine multiple commands into a single command?
+- How can I create new columns or remove existing columns from a data frame?
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: objectives
+
+After completing this episode, participants should be able to…
+
+- Describe what a data frame is.
+- Load external data from a .csv file into a data frame.
+- Summarize the contents of a data frame.
+- Select certain columns in a data frame with the dplyr function select.
+- Select certain rows in a data frame according to filtering conditions with the dplyr function filter.
+- Link the output of one dplyr function to the input of another function with the ‘pipe’ operator %>%.
+- Add new columns to a data frame that are functions of existing columns with mutate.
+- Use the split-apply-combine concept for data analysis.
+- Use summarize, group_by, and count to split a data frame into groups of observations, apply a summary statistics for each group, and then combine the results.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+
+# [Exploring Data frames](https://datacarpentry.org/r-intro-geospatial/04-data-structures-part2/index.html)
+
+Now we turn to the bread-and-butter of working with `R`: working with tabular data. In `R` data are stored in a data structure called **data frames**.
+
+A data frame is a representation of data in the format of a **table** where the columns are **vectors** that all have the **same length**.
+
+
+Because columns are vectors, each column must contain a **single type of data** (e.g., characters, numeric, factors).
+For example, here is a figure depicting a data frame comprising a numeric, a character, and a logical vector.
+
+
+ *Source*:[Data Carpentry R for Social Scientists ](https://datacarpentry.org/r-socialsci/02-starting-with-data/index.html#what-are-data-frames-and-tibbles)
+
+
+## Reading data
+
+`read.csv()` is a function used to read coma separated data files (`.csv` format)). There are other functions for files separated with other delimiters.
+We're gonna read in the `gapminder` data set with information about countries' size, GDP and average life expectancy in different years.
+
+```{r reading-data}
+gapminder <- read_csv("data/gapminder_data.csv")
+
+```
+
+## Exploring dataset
+Let’s investigate the `gapminder` data frame a bit; the first thing we should always do is check out what the data looks like.
+
+It is important to see if all the variables (columns) have the data type that we require. For instance, a column might have numbers stored as characters, which would not allow us to make calculations with those numbers.
+
+```{r inspecting-data-str}
+str(gapminder)
+
+```
+
+We can see that the `gapminder` object is a data.frame with `r nrow(gapminder)` observations (rows) and `r ncol(gapminder)` variables (columns).
+
+In each line after a `$` sign, we see the name of each column, its type and first few values.
+
+
+### First look at the dataset
+There are multiple ways to explore a data set. Here are just a few examples:
+
+
+```{r}
+head(gapminder) # see first 6 rows of the data set
+
+summary(gapminder) # gives basic statistical information about each column. Information format differes by data type.
+
+nrow(gapminder) # returns number of rows in a dataset
+
+ncol(gapminder) # returns number of columns in a dataset
+
+```
+
+### Dollar sign ($)
+
+When you're analyzing a data set, you often need to access its specific columns.
+
+One handy way to access a column is using it's name and a dollar sign `$`:
+```{r subset-dollar-sign}
+country_vec <- gapminder$country # Notation means: From dataset gapminder, give me column country. You can see that the column accessed in this way is just a vector of characters.
+
+head(country_vec)
+
+```
+Note that the calling a column with a `$` sign will return a *vector*, it's not a data frame anymore.
+
+
+# [Data frame Manipulation with dplyr](https://datacarpentry.org/r-intro-geospatial/06-dplyr/index.html)
+
+## Select
+Let's start manipulating the data.
+
+First, we will adapt our data set, by keeping only the columns we're interested in, using the `select()` function from the `dplyr` package:
+
+```{r dplyr-select}
+year_country_gdp <- select(gapminder, year, country, gdpPercap)
+
+head(year_country_gdp)
+
+```
+
+## Pipe
+Now, this is not the most common notation when working with `dplyr` package. `dplyr` offers an operator `%>%` called a pipe, which allows you build up very complicated commands in a readable way.
+
+
+In newer installation of `R` you can also find a notation `|>` . This pipe works in a similar way. The main difference is that you don't need to load any packages to have it available.
+
+
+The `select()` statement with pipe would look like that:
+
+```{r dplyr-pipe}
+
+year_country_gdp <- gapminder %>%
+ select(year,country,gdpPercap)
+
+head(year_country_gdp)
+
+```
+
+First we define data set, then - with the use of pipe we pass it on to the `select()` function. This way we can chain multiple functions together, which we will be doing now.
+
+## Filter
+
+We already know how to select only the needed columns. But now, we also want to filter the rows of our data set via certain conditions with `filter()` function. Instead of doing it in separate steps, we can do it all together.
+
+In the `gapminder` data set, we want to see the results from outside of Europe for the 21st century.
+```{r}
+year_country_gdp_euro <- gapminder %>%
+ filter(continent != "Europe" & year >= 2000) %>% # & operator (AND) - both conditions must be met
+ select(year, country, gdpPercap)
+
+head(year_country_gdp_euro)
+```
+
+### Exercise 1
+
+
+Challenge
+Write a single command (which can span multiple lines and includes pipes) that will produce a data frame that has the values for life expectancy, country and year, only for Eurasia. How many rows does your data frame have and why?
+
+
+Solution
+
+
+
+
+```{r ex5, class.source="bg-info"}
+year_country_gdp_eurasia <- gapminder %>%
+ filter(continent == "Europe" | continent == "Asia") %>% # | operator (OR) - one of the conditions must be met
+ select(year, country, gdpPercap)
+
+nrow(year_country_gdp_eurasia)
+```
+
+
+
+## Group and summarize
+So far, we have provided summary statistics on the whole dataset, selected columns, and filtered the observations. But often instead of doing that, we would like to know statistics about all of the continents, presented by group.
+
+```{r dplyr-group}
+gapminder %>% # select the dataset
+ group_by(continent) %>% # group by continent
+ summarize(avg_gdpPercap = mean(gdpPercap)) # summarize function creates statistics for the data set
+
+```
+
+### Exercise 2
+
+Challenge
+Calculate the average life expectancy per country. Which country has the longest average life expectancy and which has the shortest average life expectancy?
+
+Hint Use `max()` and `min()` functions to find minimum and maximum.
+
+Solution
+
+
+
+
+```{r ex6 , class.source="bg-info"}
+gapminder %>%
+ group_by(country) %>%
+ summarize(avg_lifeExp=mean(lifeExp)) %>%
+ filter(avg_lifeExp == min(avg_lifeExp) | avg_lifeExp == max(avg_lifeExp))
+```
+
+### Multiple groups and summary variables
+You can also group by multiple columns:
+
+```{r dplyr-group-multi}
+
+gapminder %>%
+ group_by(continent, year) %>%
+ summarize(avg_gdpPercap = mean(gdpPercap))
+
+```
+
+On top of this, you can also make multiple summaries of those groups:
+```{r dplyr-summ}
+gdp_pop_bycontinents_byyear <- gapminder %>%
+ group_by(continent,year) %>%
+ summarize(
+ avg_gdpPercap = mean(gdpPercap),
+ sd_gdpPercap = sd(gdpPercap),
+ avg_pop = mean(pop),
+ sd_pop = sd(pop),
+ n_obs = n()
+ )
+
+```
+
+## Frequencies
+
+If you need only a number of observations per group, you can use the `count()` function
+```{r dplyr-count}
+
+gapminder %>%
+ group_by(continent) %>%
+ count()
+```
+
+
+## Mutate
+
+Frequently you’ll want to create new columns based on the values in existing columns. For example, instead of only having the GDP per capita, we might want to create a new GDP variable and convert its units into Billions. For this, we’ll use `mutate()`.
+
+```{r dplyr-mutate}
+gapminder_gdp <- gapminder %>%
+ mutate(gdpBillion = gdpPercap*pop/10^9)
+
+head(gapminder_gdp)
+
+```
+
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: keypoints
+
+- We can use the `select()` and `filter()` functions to select certain columns in a data frame and to subset it based a specific conditions.
+- With `mutate()`, we can create new columns in a data frame with values based on existing columns.
+- By combining `group_by()` and `summarize()` in a pipe (`%>%`) chain, we can generate summary statistics for each group in a data frame.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
diff --git a/episodes/04-intro-to-visualisation.Rmd b/episodes/04-intro-to-visualisation.Rmd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60f9b941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/episodes/04-intro-to-visualisation.Rmd
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+---
+title: "Introduction to visualisation"
+teaching: 10 # to be updated by Jerome & Kyri
+exercises: 2 # to be updated by Jerome & Kyri
+---
+
+```{r setup, include=FALSE}
+knitr::opts_chunk$set(
+ echo = TRUE,
+ message = FALSE,
+ warning = FALSE
+)
+
+# Load libraries ----------------------------------------------------------
+# Package names
+packages <- c("tidyverse", "here")
+
+# Packages loading
+invisible(lapply(packages, library, character.only = TRUE))
+
+# Load gapminder data
+gapminder <- read.csv("data/gapminder_data.csv")
+
+```
+
+:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: questions
+
+- How can I create a basic plot in R?
+- How can I add features to a plot?
+- How can I get basic summary information about my data set?
+- How can I include addition information via a colours palette.
+- How can I find more information about a function and its arguments?
+- How can I create new columns or remove existing columns from a data frame?
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: objectives
+
+After completing this episode, participants should be able to…
+
+- Generate plots to visualise data with `ggplot2`.
+- Add plot layers to incrementally build a more complex plot.
+- Use the `fill` argument for colouring surfaces, and modify colours with the viridis or scale_manual packages.
+- Explore the help documentation.
+- Save and format your plot via the `ggsave()` function.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
+# [Introduction to Visualisation](https://datacarpentry.org/r-intro-geospatial/07-plot-ggplot2/index.html)
+
+The package `ggplot2` is a powerful plotting system. We will start with an introduction of key
+features of `ggplot2`. In the following parts of this workshop, you will
+use this package to visualize geospatial data. `gg` stands for grammar
+of graphics, the idea that three components are needed to create a graph:
+
+- data,
+- aesthetics - a coordinate system on which we map the data
+(what is represented on x axis, what on y axis), and
+- geometries - visual representation of the data (points, bars, etc.)
+
+Fun part about `ggplot2` is that you can add layers to
+the plot to provide more information and to make it more beautiful.
+
+First, lets plot the distribution of life expectancy in the `gapminder` dataset:
+
+```{r ggplot}
+ ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = lifeExp) ) + # aesthetics layer
+ geom_histogram() # geometry layer
+
+```
+
+You can see that in `ggplot` you use `+` as a pipe, to add layers.
+Within the `ggplot()` call, it is the only pipe that will work. But, it is
+possible to chain operations on a data set with a pipe that we have
+already learned: `%>%` ( or `|>`) and follow them by ggplot syntax.
+
+Let's create another plot, this time only on a subset of observations:
+
+```{r ggplot-col}
+gapminder %>% # we select a data set
+ filter(year == 2007 &
+ continent == 'Americas') %>% # and filter it to keep only one year and one continent
+ ggplot(aes(x = country, y = gdpPercap)) + # the x and y axes represent values of columns
+ geom_col() # we select a column graph as a geometry
+```
+
+Now, you can iteratively improve how the plot looks like. For example,
+you might want to flip it, to better display the labels.
+
+```{r ggplot-coord-flip}
+gapminder %>%
+ filter(year == 2007,
+ continent == 'Americas') %>%
+ ggplot(aes(x = country, y = gdpPercap)) +
+ geom_col()+
+ coord_flip() # flip axes
+```
+
+One thing you might want to change here is the order in which countries
+are displayed. It would be easier to compare GDP per capita, if they
+were showed in order. To do that, we need to reorder factor levels (you
+remember, we've already done this before).
+
+Now the order of the levels will depend on another variable - GDP per
+capita.
+
+```{r ggplot-color}
+gapminder %>%
+ filter(year == 2007,
+ continent == 'Americas') %>%
+ mutate(country = fct_reorder(country, gdpPercap )) %>% # reorder factor levels
+ ggplot(aes(x = country , y = gdpPercap)) +
+ geom_col() +
+ coord_flip()
+
+```
+
+Let's make things more colourful - let's represent the average life
+expectancy of a country by colour
+
+```{r ggplot-colors}
+gapminder %>%
+ filter(year == 2007,
+ continent == 'Americas') %>%
+ mutate(country = fct_reorder(country, gdpPercap )) %>%
+ ggplot(aes(x = country, y = gdpPercap, fill = lifeExp )) + # fill argument for colouring surfaces, colour for points and lines
+ geom_col()+
+ coord_flip()
+
+
+```
+
+We can also adapt the colour scale. Common choice that is used for its
+readability and colorblind-proofness are the palettes available in the
+`viridis` package.
+
+```{r ggplot-colors-adapt}
+gapminder %>%
+ filter(year == 2007,
+ continent == 'Americas') %>%
+ mutate(country = fct_reorder(country, gdpPercap )) %>%
+ ggplot(aes(x = country, y = gdpPercap, fill = lifeExp )) +
+ geom_col()+
+ coord_flip()+
+ scale_fill_viridis_c() # _c stands for continuous scale
+
+```
+
+Maybe we don't need that much information about the life expectancy. We
+only want to know if it's below or above average. We will make use of the `if_else()` function inside `mutate()` to create a new column `lifeExpCat` with the value `high` if life expectancy is above average and `low` otherwise. Note the usage of the `if_else()` function: `if_else(, , )`.
+
+```{r ggplot-colors-discrete}
+p <- # this time let's save the plot in an object
+ gapminder %>%
+ filter(year == 2007 &
+ continent == 'Americas') %>%
+ mutate(country = fct_reorder(country, gdpPercap ),
+ lifeExpCat = if_else(lifeExp >= mean(lifeExp), 'high', 'low')) %>%
+ ggplot(aes(x = country, y = gdpPercap, fill = lifeExpCat)) +
+ geom_col()+
+ coord_flip()+
+ scale_fill_manual(values = c('light blue', 'orange')) # customize the colours of the fill aesthetic
+
+```
+
+Since we saved a plot as an object, nothing has been printed out. Just
+like with any other object in `R`, if you want to see it, you need to
+call it.
+
+```{r ggplot-call}
+p
+
+```
+
+Now we can make use of the saved object and add things to it.
+
+Let's also give it a title and name the axes:
+
+```{r ggplot-titles}
+p <-
+ p +
+ ggtitle('GDP per capita in Americas', subtitle = 'Year 2007') +
+ xlab('Country')+
+ ylab('GDP per capita')
+
+p
+```
+
+# [Writing data](https://datacarpentry.org/r-intro-geospatial/08-writing-data/index.html)
+
+## Saving the plot
+
+Once we are happy with our plot we can save it in a format of our
+choice. Remember to save it in the dedicated folder.
+
+```{r save-plot}
+ggsave(plot = p,
+ filename = here('fig_output','plot_americas_2007.pdf')) # By default, ggsave() saves the last displayed plot, but you can also explicitly name the plot you want to save
+
+```
+
+### Using help documentation
+
+My saved plot is not very readable. We can see why it happened by
+exploring the help documentation. We can do that by writing directly in
+the console:
+
+```{r help, eval=FALSE}
+?ggsave
+```
+
+We can read that it uses the "size of the current graphics device". That
+would explain why our saved plots look slightly different. Feel free to
+explore the documentation to see how to adapt the size e.g. by adapting
+`width`, `height` and `units` parameter.
+
+## Saving the data
+
+Another output of your work you want to save is a cleaned data set. In
+your analysis, you can then load directly that data set. Let's say we want to
+save the data only for Americas:
+
+```{r writing-data}
+gapminder_amr_2007 <- gapminder %>%
+ filter(year == 2007 & continent == 'Americas') %>%
+ mutate(country_reordered = fct_reorder(country, gdpPercap ),
+ lifeExpCat = if_else(lifeExp >= mean(lifeExp), 'high', 'low'))
+
+write.csv(gapminder_amr_2007, here('data_output', 'gapminder_americas_2007.csv'), row.names=FALSE)
+```
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: keypoints
+
+- With `ggplot2`, we use the `+` operator to combine plot layers and incrementally build a more complex plot.
+- In the aesthetics (`aes()`), we can assign variables to the x and y axes and use the `fill` argument for colouring surfaces.
+- With `scale_fill_viridis_c()` and `scale_fill_manual()` we can assign new colours to our plot.
+- To open the help documentation for a function, we run the name of the function preceded by the `?` sign.
+
+::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
+
diff --git a/episodes/data/gapminder_data.csv b/episodes/data/gapminder_data.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..661ddefc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/episodes/data/gapminder_data.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,1705 @@
+country,year,pop,continent,lifeExp,gdpPercap
+Afghanistan,1952,8425333,Asia,28.801,779.4453145
+Afghanistan,1957,9240934,Asia,30.332,820.8530296
+Afghanistan,1962,10267083,Asia,31.997,853.10071
+Afghanistan,1967,11537966,Asia,34.02,836.1971382
+Afghanistan,1972,13079460,Asia,36.088,739.9811058
+Afghanistan,1977,14880372,Asia,38.438,786.11336
+Afghanistan,1982,12881816,Asia,39.854,978.0114388
+Afghanistan,1987,13867957,Asia,40.822,852.3959448
+Afghanistan,1992,16317921,Asia,41.674,649.3413952
+Afghanistan,1997,22227415,Asia,41.763,635.341351
+Afghanistan,2002,25268405,Asia,42.129,726.7340548
+Afghanistan,2007,31889923,Asia,43.828,974.5803384
+Albania,1952,1282697,Europe,55.23,1601.056136
+Albania,1957,1476505,Europe,59.28,1942.284244
+Albania,1962,1728137,Europe,64.82,2312.888958
+Albania,1967,1984060,Europe,66.22,2760.196931
+Albania,1972,2263554,Europe,67.69,3313.422188
+Albania,1977,2509048,Europe,68.93,3533.00391
+Albania,1982,2780097,Europe,70.42,3630.880722
+Albania,1987,3075321,Europe,72,3738.932735
+Albania,1992,3326498,Europe,71.581,2497.437901
+Albania,1997,3428038,Europe,72.95,3193.054604
+Albania,2002,3508512,Europe,75.651,4604.211737
+Albania,2007,3600523,Europe,76.423,5937.029526
+Algeria,1952,9279525,Africa,43.077,2449.008185
+Algeria,1957,10270856,Africa,45.685,3013.976023
+Algeria,1962,11000948,Africa,48.303,2550.81688
+Algeria,1967,12760499,Africa,51.407,3246.991771
+Algeria,1972,14760787,Africa,54.518,4182.663766
+Algeria,1977,17152804,Africa,58.014,4910.416756
+Algeria,1982,20033753,Africa,61.368,5745.160213
+Algeria,1987,23254956,Africa,65.799,5681.358539
+Algeria,1992,26298373,Africa,67.744,5023.216647
+Algeria,1997,29072015,Africa,69.152,4797.295051
+Algeria,2002,31287142,Africa,70.994,5288.040382
+Algeria,2007,33333216,Africa,72.301,6223.367465
+Angola,1952,4232095,Africa,30.015,3520.610273
+Angola,1957,4561361,Africa,31.999,3827.940465
+Angola,1962,4826015,Africa,34,4269.276742
+Angola,1967,5247469,Africa,35.985,5522.776375
+Angola,1972,5894858,Africa,37.928,5473.288005
+Angola,1977,6162675,Africa,39.483,3008.647355
+Angola,1982,7016384,Africa,39.942,2756.953672
+Angola,1987,7874230,Africa,39.906,2430.208311
+Angola,1992,8735988,Africa,40.647,2627.845685
+Angola,1997,9875024,Africa,40.963,2277.140884
+Angola,2002,10866106,Africa,41.003,2773.287312
+Angola,2007,12420476,Africa,42.731,4797.231267
+Argentina,1952,17876956,Americas,62.485,5911.315053
+Argentina,1957,19610538,Americas,64.399,6856.856212
+Argentina,1962,21283783,Americas,65.142,7133.166023
+Argentina,1967,22934225,Americas,65.634,8052.953021
+Argentina,1972,24779799,Americas,67.065,9443.038526
+Argentina,1977,26983828,Americas,68.481,10079.02674
+Argentina,1982,29341374,Americas,69.942,8997.897412
+Argentina,1987,31620918,Americas,70.774,9139.671389
+Argentina,1992,33958947,Americas,71.868,9308.41871
+Argentina,1997,36203463,Americas,73.275,10967.28195
+Argentina,2002,38331121,Americas,74.34,8797.640716
+Argentina,2007,40301927,Americas,75.32,12779.37964
+Australia,1952,8691212,Oceania,69.12,10039.59564
+Australia,1957,9712569,Oceania,70.33,10949.64959
+Australia,1962,10794968,Oceania,70.93,12217.22686
+Australia,1967,11872264,Oceania,71.1,14526.12465
+Australia,1972,13177000,Oceania,71.93,16788.62948
+Australia,1977,14074100,Oceania,73.49,18334.19751
+Australia,1982,15184200,Oceania,74.74,19477.00928
+Australia,1987,16257249,Oceania,76.32,21888.88903
+Australia,1992,17481977,Oceania,77.56,23424.76683
+Australia,1997,18565243,Oceania,78.83,26997.93657
+Australia,2002,19546792,Oceania,80.37,30687.75473
+Australia,2007,20434176,Oceania,81.235,34435.36744
+Austria,1952,6927772,Europe,66.8,6137.076492
+Austria,1957,6965860,Europe,67.48,8842.59803
+Austria,1962,7129864,Europe,69.54,10750.72111
+Austria,1967,7376998,Europe,70.14,12834.6024
+Austria,1972,7544201,Europe,70.63,16661.6256
+Austria,1977,7568430,Europe,72.17,19749.4223
+Austria,1982,7574613,Europe,73.18,21597.08362
+Austria,1987,7578903,Europe,74.94,23687.82607
+Austria,1992,7914969,Europe,76.04,27042.01868
+Austria,1997,8069876,Europe,77.51,29095.92066
+Austria,2002,8148312,Europe,78.98,32417.60769
+Austria,2007,8199783,Europe,79.829,36126.4927
+Bahrain,1952,120447,Asia,50.939,9867.084765
+Bahrain,1957,138655,Asia,53.832,11635.79945
+Bahrain,1962,171863,Asia,56.923,12753.27514
+Bahrain,1967,202182,Asia,59.923,14804.6727
+Bahrain,1972,230800,Asia,63.3,18268.65839
+Bahrain,1977,297410,Asia,65.593,19340.10196
+Bahrain,1982,377967,Asia,69.052,19211.14731
+Bahrain,1987,454612,Asia,70.75,18524.02406
+Bahrain,1992,529491,Asia,72.601,19035.57917
+Bahrain,1997,598561,Asia,73.925,20292.01679
+Bahrain,2002,656397,Asia,74.795,23403.55927
+Bahrain,2007,708573,Asia,75.635,29796.04834
+Bangladesh,1952,46886859,Asia,37.484,684.2441716
+Bangladesh,1957,51365468,Asia,39.348,661.6374577
+Bangladesh,1962,56839289,Asia,41.216,686.3415538
+Bangladesh,1967,62821884,Asia,43.453,721.1860862
+Bangladesh,1972,70759295,Asia,45.252,630.2336265
+Bangladesh,1977,80428306,Asia,46.923,659.8772322
+Bangladesh,1982,93074406,Asia,50.009,676.9818656
+Bangladesh,1987,103764241,Asia,52.819,751.9794035
+Bangladesh,1992,113704579,Asia,56.018,837.8101643
+Bangladesh,1997,123315288,Asia,59.412,972.7700352
+Bangladesh,2002,135656790,Asia,62.013,1136.39043
+Bangladesh,2007,150448339,Asia,64.062,1391.253792
+Belgium,1952,8730405,Europe,68,8343.105127
+Belgium,1957,8989111,Europe,69.24,9714.960623
+Belgium,1962,9218400,Europe,70.25,10991.20676
+Belgium,1967,9556500,Europe,70.94,13149.04119
+Belgium,1972,9709100,Europe,71.44,16672.14356
+Belgium,1977,9821800,Europe,72.8,19117.97448
+Belgium,1982,9856303,Europe,73.93,20979.84589
+Belgium,1987,9870200,Europe,75.35,22525.56308
+Belgium,1992,10045622,Europe,76.46,25575.57069
+Belgium,1997,10199787,Europe,77.53,27561.19663
+Belgium,2002,10311970,Europe,78.32,30485.88375
+Belgium,2007,10392226,Europe,79.441,33692.60508
+Benin,1952,1738315,Africa,38.223,1062.7522
+Benin,1957,1925173,Africa,40.358,959.6010805
+Benin,1962,2151895,Africa,42.618,949.4990641
+Benin,1967,2427334,Africa,44.885,1035.831411
+Benin,1972,2761407,Africa,47.014,1085.796879
+Benin,1977,3168267,Africa,49.19,1029.161251
+Benin,1982,3641603,Africa,50.904,1277.897616
+Benin,1987,4243788,Africa,52.337,1225.85601
+Benin,1992,4981671,Africa,53.919,1191.207681
+Benin,1997,6066080,Africa,54.777,1232.975292
+Benin,2002,7026113,Africa,54.406,1372.877931
+Benin,2007,8078314,Africa,56.728,1441.284873
+Bolivia,1952,2883315,Americas,40.414,2677.326347
+Bolivia,1957,3211738,Americas,41.89,2127.686326
+Bolivia,1962,3593918,Americas,43.428,2180.972546
+Bolivia,1967,4040665,Americas,45.032,2586.886053
+Bolivia,1972,4565872,Americas,46.714,2980.331339
+Bolivia,1977,5079716,Americas,50.023,3548.097832
+Bolivia,1982,5642224,Americas,53.859,3156.510452
+Bolivia,1987,6156369,Americas,57.251,2753.69149
+Bolivia,1992,6893451,Americas,59.957,2961.699694
+Bolivia,1997,7693188,Americas,62.05,3326.143191
+Bolivia,2002,8445134,Americas,63.883,3413.26269
+Bolivia,2007,9119152,Americas,65.554,3822.137084
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1952,2791000,Europe,53.82,973.5331948
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1957,3076000,Europe,58.45,1353.989176
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1962,3349000,Europe,61.93,1709.683679
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1967,3585000,Europe,64.79,2172.352423
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1972,3819000,Europe,67.45,2860.16975
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1977,4086000,Europe,69.86,3528.481305
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1982,4172693,Europe,70.69,4126.613157
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1987,4338977,Europe,71.14,4314.114757
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1992,4256013,Europe,72.178,2546.781445
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,1997,3607000,Europe,73.244,4766.355904
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,2002,4165416,Europe,74.09,6018.975239
+Bosnia and Herzegovina,2007,4552198,Europe,74.852,7446.298803
+Botswana,1952,442308,Africa,47.622,851.2411407
+Botswana,1957,474639,Africa,49.618,918.2325349
+Botswana,1962,512764,Africa,51.52,983.6539764
+Botswana,1967,553541,Africa,53.298,1214.709294
+Botswana,1972,619351,Africa,56.024,2263.611114
+Botswana,1977,781472,Africa,59.319,3214.857818
+Botswana,1982,970347,Africa,61.484,4551.14215
+Botswana,1987,1151184,Africa,63.622,6205.88385
+Botswana,1992,1342614,Africa,62.745,7954.111645
+Botswana,1997,1536536,Africa,52.556,8647.142313
+Botswana,2002,1630347,Africa,46.634,11003.60508
+Botswana,2007,1639131,Africa,50.728,12569.85177
+Brazil,1952,56602560,Americas,50.917,2108.944355
+Brazil,1957,65551171,Americas,53.285,2487.365989
+Brazil,1962,76039390,Americas,55.665,3336.585802
+Brazil,1967,88049823,Americas,57.632,3429.864357
+Brazil,1972,100840058,Americas,59.504,4985.711467
+Brazil,1977,114313951,Americas,61.489,6660.118654
+Brazil,1982,128962939,Americas,63.336,7030.835878
+Brazil,1987,142938076,Americas,65.205,7807.095818
+Brazil,1992,155975974,Americas,67.057,6950.283021
+Brazil,1997,168546719,Americas,69.388,7957.980824
+Brazil,2002,179914212,Americas,71.006,8131.212843
+Brazil,2007,190010647,Americas,72.39,9065.800825
+Bulgaria,1952,7274900,Europe,59.6,2444.286648
+Bulgaria,1957,7651254,Europe,66.61,3008.670727
+Bulgaria,1962,8012946,Europe,69.51,4254.337839
+Bulgaria,1967,8310226,Europe,70.42,5577.0028
+Bulgaria,1972,8576200,Europe,70.9,6597.494398
+Bulgaria,1977,8797022,Europe,70.81,7612.240438
+Bulgaria,1982,8892098,Europe,71.08,8224.191647
+Bulgaria,1987,8971958,Europe,71.34,8239.854824
+Bulgaria,1992,8658506,Europe,71.19,6302.623438
+Bulgaria,1997,8066057,Europe,70.32,5970.38876
+Bulgaria,2002,7661799,Europe,72.14,7696.777725
+Bulgaria,2007,7322858,Europe,73.005,10680.79282
+Burkina Faso,1952,4469979,Africa,31.975,543.2552413
+Burkina Faso,1957,4713416,Africa,34.906,617.1834648
+Burkina Faso,1962,4919632,Africa,37.814,722.5120206
+Burkina Faso,1967,5127935,Africa,40.697,794.8265597
+Burkina Faso,1972,5433886,Africa,43.591,854.7359763
+Burkina Faso,1977,5889574,Africa,46.137,743.3870368
+Burkina Faso,1982,6634596,Africa,48.122,807.1985855
+Burkina Faso,1987,7586551,Africa,49.557,912.0631417
+Burkina Faso,1992,8878303,Africa,50.26,931.7527731
+Burkina Faso,1997,10352843,Africa,50.324,946.2949618
+Burkina Faso,2002,12251209,Africa,50.65,1037.645221
+Burkina Faso,2007,14326203,Africa,52.295,1217.032994
+Burundi,1952,2445618,Africa,39.031,339.2964587
+Burundi,1957,2667518,Africa,40.533,379.5646281
+Burundi,1962,2961915,Africa,42.045,355.2032273
+Burundi,1967,3330989,Africa,43.548,412.9775136
+Burundi,1972,3529983,Africa,44.057,464.0995039
+Burundi,1977,3834415,Africa,45.91,556.1032651
+Burundi,1982,4580410,Africa,47.471,559.603231
+Burundi,1987,5126023,Africa,48.211,621.8188189
+Burundi,1992,5809236,Africa,44.736,631.6998778
+Burundi,1997,6121610,Africa,45.326,463.1151478
+Burundi,2002,7021078,Africa,47.36,446.4035126
+Burundi,2007,8390505,Africa,49.58,430.0706916
+Cambodia,1952,4693836,Asia,39.417,368.4692856
+Cambodia,1957,5322536,Asia,41.366,434.0383364
+Cambodia,1962,6083619,Asia,43.415,496.9136476
+Cambodia,1967,6960067,Asia,45.415,523.4323142
+Cambodia,1972,7450606,Asia,40.317,421.6240257
+Cambodia,1977,6978607,Asia,31.22,524.9721832
+Cambodia,1982,7272485,Asia,50.957,624.4754784
+Cambodia,1987,8371791,Asia,53.914,683.8955732
+Cambodia,1992,10150094,Asia,55.803,682.3031755
+Cambodia,1997,11782962,Asia,56.534,734.28517
+Cambodia,2002,12926707,Asia,56.752,896.2260153
+Cambodia,2007,14131858,Asia,59.723,1713.778686
+Cameroon,1952,5009067,Africa,38.523,1172.667655
+Cameroon,1957,5359923,Africa,40.428,1313.048099
+Cameroon,1962,5793633,Africa,42.643,1399.607441
+Cameroon,1967,6335506,Africa,44.799,1508.453148
+Cameroon,1972,7021028,Africa,47.049,1684.146528
+Cameroon,1977,7959865,Africa,49.355,1783.432873
+Cameroon,1982,9250831,Africa,52.961,2367.983282
+Cameroon,1987,10780667,Africa,54.985,2602.664206
+Cameroon,1992,12467171,Africa,54.314,1793.163278
+Cameroon,1997,14195809,Africa,52.199,1694.337469
+Cameroon,2002,15929988,Africa,49.856,1934.011449
+Cameroon,2007,17696293,Africa,50.43,2042.09524
+Canada,1952,14785584,Americas,68.75,11367.16112
+Canada,1957,17010154,Americas,69.96,12489.95006
+Canada,1962,18985849,Americas,71.3,13462.48555
+Canada,1967,20819767,Americas,72.13,16076.58803
+Canada,1972,22284500,Americas,72.88,18970.57086
+Canada,1977,23796400,Americas,74.21,22090.88306
+Canada,1982,25201900,Americas,75.76,22898.79214
+Canada,1987,26549700,Americas,76.86,26626.51503
+Canada,1992,28523502,Americas,77.95,26342.88426
+Canada,1997,30305843,Americas,78.61,28954.92589
+Canada,2002,31902268,Americas,79.77,33328.96507
+Canada,2007,33390141,Americas,80.653,36319.23501
+Central African Republic,1952,1291695,Africa,35.463,1071.310713
+Central African Republic,1957,1392284,Africa,37.464,1190.844328
+Central African Republic,1962,1523478,Africa,39.475,1193.068753
+Central African Republic,1967,1733638,Africa,41.478,1136.056615
+Central African Republic,1972,1927260,Africa,43.457,1070.013275
+Central African Republic,1977,2167533,Africa,46.775,1109.374338
+Central African Republic,1982,2476971,Africa,48.295,956.7529907
+Central African Republic,1987,2840009,Africa,50.485,844.8763504
+Central African Republic,1992,3265124,Africa,49.396,747.9055252
+Central African Republic,1997,3696513,Africa,46.066,740.5063317
+Central African Republic,2002,4048013,Africa,43.308,738.6906068
+Central African Republic,2007,4369038,Africa,44.741,706.016537
+Chad,1952,2682462,Africa,38.092,1178.665927
+Chad,1957,2894855,Africa,39.881,1308.495577
+Chad,1962,3150417,Africa,41.716,1389.817618
+Chad,1967,3495967,Africa,43.601,1196.810565
+Chad,1972,3899068,Africa,45.569,1104.103987
+Chad,1977,4388260,Africa,47.383,1133.98495
+Chad,1982,4875118,Africa,49.517,797.9081006
+Chad,1987,5498955,Africa,51.051,952.386129
+Chad,1992,6429417,Africa,51.724,1058.0643
+Chad,1997,7562011,Africa,51.573,1004.961353
+Chad,2002,8835739,Africa,50.525,1156.18186
+Chad,2007,10238807,Africa,50.651,1704.063724
+Chile,1952,6377619,Americas,54.745,3939.978789
+Chile,1957,7048426,Americas,56.074,4315.622723
+Chile,1962,7961258,Americas,57.924,4519.094331
+Chile,1967,8858908,Americas,60.523,5106.654313
+Chile,1972,9717524,Americas,63.441,5494.024437
+Chile,1977,10599793,Americas,67.052,4756.763836
+Chile,1982,11487112,Americas,70.565,5095.665738
+Chile,1987,12463354,Americas,72.492,5547.063754
+Chile,1992,13572994,Americas,74.126,7596.125964
+Chile,1997,14599929,Americas,75.816,10118.05318
+Chile,2002,15497046,Americas,77.86,10778.78385
+Chile,2007,16284741,Americas,78.553,13171.63885
+China,1952,556263527.999989,Asia,44,400.448610699994
+China,1957,637408000,Asia,50.54896,575.9870009
+China,1962,665770000,Asia,44.50136,487.6740183
+China,1967,754550000,Asia,58.38112,612.7056934
+China,1972,862030000,Asia,63.11888,676.9000921
+China,1977,943455000,Asia,63.96736,741.2374699
+China,1982,1000281000,Asia,65.525,962.4213805
+China,1987,1084035000,Asia,67.274,1378.904018
+China,1992,1164970000,Asia,68.69,1655.784158
+China,1997,1230075000,Asia,70.426,2289.234136
+China,2002,1280400000,Asia,72.028,3119.280896
+China,2007,1318683096,Asia,72.961,4959.114854
+Colombia,1952,12350771,Americas,50.643,2144.115096
+Colombia,1957,14485993,Americas,55.118,2323.805581
+Colombia,1962,17009885,Americas,57.863,2492.351109
+Colombia,1967,19764027,Americas,59.963,2678.729839
+Colombia,1972,22542890,Americas,61.623,3264.660041
+Colombia,1977,25094412,Americas,63.837,3815.80787
+Colombia,1982,27764644,Americas,66.653,4397.575659
+Colombia,1987,30964245,Americas,67.768,4903.2191
+Colombia,1992,34202721,Americas,68.421,5444.648617
+Colombia,1997,37657830,Americas,70.313,6117.361746
+Colombia,2002,41008227,Americas,71.682,5755.259962
+Colombia,2007,44227550,Americas,72.889,7006.580419
+Comoros,1952,153936,Africa,40.715,1102.990936
+Comoros,1957,170928,Africa,42.46,1211.148548
+Comoros,1962,191689,Africa,44.467,1406.648278
+Comoros,1967,217378,Africa,46.472,1876.029643
+Comoros,1972,250027,Africa,48.944,1937.577675
+Comoros,1977,304739,Africa,50.939,1172.603047
+Comoros,1982,348643,Africa,52.933,1267.100083
+Comoros,1987,395114,Africa,54.926,1315.980812
+Comoros,1992,454429,Africa,57.939,1246.90737
+Comoros,1997,527982,Africa,60.66,1173.618235
+Comoros,2002,614382,Africa,62.974,1075.811558
+Comoros,2007,710960,Africa,65.152,986.1478792
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1952,14100005,Africa,39.143,780.5423257
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1957,15577932,Africa,40.652,905.8602303
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1962,17486434,Africa,42.122,896.3146335
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1967,19941073,Africa,44.056,861.5932424
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1972,23007669,Africa,45.989,904.8960685
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1977,26480870,Africa,47.804,795.757282
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1982,30646495,Africa,47.784,673.7478181
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1987,35481645,Africa,47.412,672.774812
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1992,41672143,Africa,45.548,457.7191807
+Congo Dem. Rep.,1997,47798986,Africa,42.587,312.188423
+Congo Dem. Rep.,2002,55379852,Africa,44.966,241.1658765
+Congo Dem. Rep.,2007,64606759,Africa,46.462,277.5518587
+Congo Rep.,1952,854885,Africa,42.111,2125.621418
+Congo Rep.,1957,940458,Africa,45.053,2315.056572
+Congo Rep.,1962,1047924,Africa,48.435,2464.783157
+Congo Rep.,1967,1179760,Africa,52.04,2677.939642
+Congo Rep.,1972,1340458,Africa,54.907,3213.152683
+Congo Rep.,1977,1536769,Africa,55.625,3259.178978
+Congo Rep.,1982,1774735,Africa,56.695,4879.507522
+Congo Rep.,1987,2064095,Africa,57.47,4201.194937
+Congo Rep.,1992,2409073,Africa,56.433,4016.239529
+Congo Rep.,1997,2800947,Africa,52.962,3484.164376
+Congo Rep.,2002,3328795,Africa,52.97,3484.06197
+Congo Rep.,2007,3800610,Africa,55.322,3632.557798
+Costa Rica,1952,926317,Americas,57.206,2627.009471
+Costa Rica,1957,1112300,Americas,60.026,2990.010802
+Costa Rica,1962,1345187,Americas,62.842,3460.937025
+Costa Rica,1967,1588717,Americas,65.424,4161.727834
+Costa Rica,1972,1834796,Americas,67.849,5118.146939
+Costa Rica,1977,2108457,Americas,70.75,5926.876967
+Costa Rica,1982,2424367,Americas,73.45,5262.734751
+Costa Rica,1987,2799811,Americas,74.752,5629.915318
+Costa Rica,1992,3173216,Americas,75.713,6160.416317
+Costa Rica,1997,3518107,Americas,77.26,6677.045314
+Costa Rica,2002,3834934,Americas,78.123,7723.447195
+Costa Rica,2007,4133884,Americas,78.782,9645.06142
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1952,2977019,Africa,40.477,1388.594732
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1957,3300000,Africa,42.469,1500.895925
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1962,3832408,Africa,44.93,1728.869428
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1967,4744870,Africa,47.35,2052.050473
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1972,6071696,Africa,49.801,2378.201111
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1977,7459574,Africa,52.374,2517.736547
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1982,9025951,Africa,53.983,2602.710169
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1987,10761098,Africa,54.655,2156.956069
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1992,12772596,Africa,52.044,1648.073791
+"Cote d'Ivoire",1997,14625967,Africa,47.991,1786.265407
+"Cote d'Ivoire",2002,16252726,Africa,46.832,1648.800823
+"Cote d'Ivoire",2007,18013409,Africa,48.328,1544.750112
+Croatia,1952,3882229,Europe,61.21,3119.23652
+Croatia,1957,3991242,Europe,64.77,4338.231617
+Croatia,1962,4076557,Europe,67.13,5477.890018
+Croatia,1967,4174366,Europe,68.5,6960.297861
+Croatia,1972,4225310,Europe,69.61,9164.090127
+Croatia,1977,4318673,Europe,70.64,11305.38517
+Croatia,1982,4413368,Europe,70.46,13221.82184
+Croatia,1987,4484310,Europe,71.52,13822.58394
+Croatia,1992,4494013,Europe,72.527,8447.794873
+Croatia,1997,4444595,Europe,73.68,9875.604515
+Croatia,2002,4481020,Europe,74.876,11628.38895
+Croatia,2007,4493312,Europe,75.748,14619.22272
+Cuba,1952,6007797,Americas,59.421,5586.53878
+Cuba,1957,6640752,Americas,62.325,6092.174359
+Cuba,1962,7254373,Americas,65.246,5180.75591
+Cuba,1967,8139332,Americas,68.29,5690.268015
+Cuba,1972,8831348,Americas,70.723,5305.445256
+Cuba,1977,9537988,Americas,72.649,6380.494966
+Cuba,1982,9789224,Americas,73.717,7316.918107
+Cuba,1987,10239839,Americas,74.174,7532.924763
+Cuba,1992,10723260,Americas,74.414,5592.843963
+Cuba,1997,10983007,Americas,76.151,5431.990415
+Cuba,2002,11226999,Americas,77.158,6340.646683
+Cuba,2007,11416987,Americas,78.273,8948.102923
+Czech Republic,1952,9125183,Europe,66.87,6876.14025
+Czech Republic,1957,9513758,Europe,69.03,8256.343918
+Czech Republic,1962,9620282,Europe,69.9,10136.86713
+Czech Republic,1967,9835109,Europe,70.38,11399.44489
+Czech Republic,1972,9862158,Europe,70.29,13108.4536
+Czech Republic,1977,10161915,Europe,70.71,14800.16062
+Czech Republic,1982,10303704,Europe,70.96,15377.22855
+Czech Republic,1987,10311597,Europe,71.58,16310.4434
+Czech Republic,1992,10315702,Europe,72.4,14297.02122
+Czech Republic,1997,10300707,Europe,74.01,16048.51424
+Czech Republic,2002,10256295,Europe,75.51,17596.21022
+Czech Republic,2007,10228744,Europe,76.486,22833.30851
+Denmark,1952,4334000,Europe,70.78,9692.385245
+Denmark,1957,4487831,Europe,71.81,11099.65935
+Denmark,1962,4646899,Europe,72.35,13583.31351
+Denmark,1967,4838800,Europe,72.96,15937.21123
+Denmark,1972,4991596,Europe,73.47,18866.20721
+Denmark,1977,5088419,Europe,74.69,20422.9015
+Denmark,1982,5117810,Europe,74.63,21688.04048
+Denmark,1987,5127024,Europe,74.8,25116.17581
+Denmark,1992,5171393,Europe,75.33,26406.73985
+Denmark,1997,5283663,Europe,76.11,29804.34567
+Denmark,2002,5374693,Europe,77.18,32166.50006
+Denmark,2007,5468120,Europe,78.332,35278.41874
+Djibouti,1952,63149,Africa,34.812,2669.529475
+Djibouti,1957,71851,Africa,37.328,2864.969076
+Djibouti,1962,89898,Africa,39.693,3020.989263
+Djibouti,1967,127617,Africa,42.074,3020.050513
+Djibouti,1972,178848,Africa,44.366,3694.212352
+Djibouti,1977,228694,Africa,46.519,3081.761022
+Djibouti,1982,305991,Africa,48.812,2879.468067
+Djibouti,1987,311025,Africa,50.04,2880.102568
+Djibouti,1992,384156,Africa,51.604,2377.156192
+Djibouti,1997,417908,Africa,53.157,1895.016984
+Djibouti,2002,447416,Africa,53.373,1908.260867
+Djibouti,2007,496374,Africa,54.791,2082.481567
+Dominican Republic,1952,2491346,Americas,45.928,1397.717137
+Dominican Republic,1957,2923186,Americas,49.828,1544.402995
+Dominican Republic,1962,3453434,Americas,53.459,1662.137359
+Dominican Republic,1967,4049146,Americas,56.751,1653.723003
+Dominican Republic,1972,4671329,Americas,59.631,2189.874499
+Dominican Republic,1977,5302800,Americas,61.788,2681.9889
+Dominican Republic,1982,5968349,Americas,63.727,2861.092386
+Dominican Republic,1987,6655297,Americas,66.046,2899.842175
+Dominican Republic,1992,7351181,Americas,68.457,3044.214214
+Dominican Republic,1997,7992357,Americas,69.957,3614.101285
+Dominican Republic,2002,8650322,Americas,70.847,4563.808154
+Dominican Republic,2007,9319622,Americas,72.235,6025.374752
+Ecuador,1952,3548753,Americas,48.357,3522.110717
+Ecuador,1957,4058385,Americas,51.356,3780.546651
+Ecuador,1962,4681707,Americas,54.64,4086.114078
+Ecuador,1967,5432424,Americas,56.678,4579.074215
+Ecuador,1972,6298651,Americas,58.796,5280.99471
+Ecuador,1977,7278866,Americas,61.31,6679.62326
+Ecuador,1982,8365850,Americas,64.342,7213.791267
+Ecuador,1987,9545158,Americas,67.231,6481.776993
+Ecuador,1992,10748394,Americas,69.613,7103.702595
+Ecuador,1997,11911819,Americas,72.312,7429.455877
+Ecuador,2002,12921234,Americas,74.173,5773.044512
+Ecuador,2007,13755680,Americas,74.994,6873.262326
+Egypt,1952,22223309,Africa,41.893,1418.822445
+Egypt,1957,25009741,Africa,44.444,1458.915272
+Egypt,1962,28173309,Africa,46.992,1693.335853
+Egypt,1967,31681188,Africa,49.293,1814.880728
+Egypt,1972,34807417,Africa,51.137,2024.008147
+Egypt,1977,38783863,Africa,53.319,2785.493582
+Egypt,1982,45681811,Africa,56.006,3503.729636
+Egypt,1987,52799062,Africa,59.797,3885.46071
+Egypt,1992,59402198,Africa,63.674,3794.755195
+Egypt,1997,66134291,Africa,67.217,4173.181797
+Egypt,2002,73312559,Africa,69.806,4754.604414
+Egypt,2007,80264543,Africa,71.338,5581.180998
+El Salvador,1952,2042865,Americas,45.262,3048.3029
+El Salvador,1957,2355805,Americas,48.57,3421.523218
+El Salvador,1962,2747687,Americas,52.307,3776.803627
+El Salvador,1967,3232927,Americas,55.855,4358.595393
+El Salvador,1972,3790903,Americas,58.207,4520.246008
+El Salvador,1977,4282586,Americas,56.696,5138.922374
+El Salvador,1982,4474873,Americas,56.604,4098.344175
+El Salvador,1987,4842194,Americas,63.154,4140.442097
+El Salvador,1992,5274649,Americas,66.798,4444.2317
+El Salvador,1997,5783439,Americas,69.535,5154.825496
+El Salvador,2002,6353681,Americas,70.734,5351.568666
+El Salvador,2007,6939688,Americas,71.878,5728.353514
+Equatorial Guinea,1952,216964,Africa,34.482,375.6431231
+Equatorial Guinea,1957,232922,Africa,35.983,426.0964081
+Equatorial Guinea,1962,249220,Africa,37.485,582.8419714
+Equatorial Guinea,1967,259864,Africa,38.987,915.5960025
+Equatorial Guinea,1972,277603,Africa,40.516,672.4122571
+Equatorial Guinea,1977,192675,Africa,42.024,958.5668124
+Equatorial Guinea,1982,285483,Africa,43.662,927.8253427
+Equatorial Guinea,1987,341244,Africa,45.664,966.8968149
+Equatorial Guinea,1992,387838,Africa,47.545,1132.055034
+Equatorial Guinea,1997,439971,Africa,48.245,2814.480755
+Equatorial Guinea,2002,495627,Africa,49.348,7703.4959
+Equatorial Guinea,2007,551201,Africa,51.579,12154.08975
+Eritrea,1952,1438760,Africa,35.928,328.9405571
+Eritrea,1957,1542611,Africa,38.047,344.1618859
+Eritrea,1962,1666618,Africa,40.158,380.9958433
+Eritrea,1967,1820319,Africa,42.189,468.7949699
+Eritrea,1972,2260187,Africa,44.142,514.3242082
+Eritrea,1977,2512642,Africa,44.535,505.7538077
+Eritrea,1982,2637297,Africa,43.89,524.8758493
+Eritrea,1987,2915959,Africa,46.453,521.1341333
+Eritrea,1992,3668440,Africa,49.991,582.8585102
+Eritrea,1997,4058319,Africa,53.378,913.47079
+Eritrea,2002,4414865,Africa,55.24,765.3500015
+Eritrea,2007,4906585,Africa,58.04,641.3695236
+Ethiopia,1952,20860941,Africa,34.078,362.1462796
+Ethiopia,1957,22815614,Africa,36.667,378.9041632
+Ethiopia,1962,25145372,Africa,40.059,419.4564161
+Ethiopia,1967,27860297,Africa,42.115,516.1186438
+Ethiopia,1972,30770372,Africa,43.515,566.2439442
+Ethiopia,1977,34617799,Africa,44.51,556.8083834
+Ethiopia,1982,38111756,Africa,44.916,577.8607471
+Ethiopia,1987,42999530,Africa,46.684,573.7413142
+Ethiopia,1992,52088559,Africa,48.091,421.3534653
+Ethiopia,1997,59861301,Africa,49.402,515.8894013
+Ethiopia,2002,67946797,Africa,50.725,530.0535319
+Ethiopia,2007,76511887,Africa,52.947,690.8055759
+Finland,1952,4090500,Europe,66.55,6424.519071
+Finland,1957,4324000,Europe,67.49,7545.415386
+Finland,1962,4491443,Europe,68.75,9371.842561
+Finland,1967,4605744,Europe,69.83,10921.63626
+Finland,1972,4639657,Europe,70.87,14358.8759
+Finland,1977,4738902,Europe,72.52,15605.42283
+Finland,1982,4826933,Europe,74.55,18533.15761
+Finland,1987,4931729,Europe,74.83,21141.01223
+Finland,1992,5041039,Europe,75.7,20647.16499
+Finland,1997,5134406,Europe,77.13,23723.9502
+Finland,2002,5193039,Europe,78.37,28204.59057
+Finland,2007,5238460,Europe,79.313,33207.0844
+France,1952,42459667,Europe,67.41,7029.809327
+France,1957,44310863,Europe,68.93,8662.834898
+France,1962,47124000,Europe,70.51,10560.48553
+France,1967,49569000,Europe,71.55,12999.91766
+France,1972,51732000,Europe,72.38,16107.19171
+France,1977,53165019,Europe,73.83,18292.63514
+France,1982,54433565,Europe,74.89,20293.89746
+France,1987,55630100,Europe,76.34,22066.44214
+France,1992,57374179,Europe,77.46,24703.79615
+France,1997,58623428,Europe,78.64,25889.78487
+France,2002,59925035,Europe,79.59,28926.03234
+France,2007,61083916,Europe,80.657,30470.0167
+Gabon,1952,420702,Africa,37.003,4293.476475
+Gabon,1957,434904,Africa,38.999,4976.198099
+Gabon,1962,455661,Africa,40.489,6631.459222
+Gabon,1967,489004,Africa,44.598,8358.761987
+Gabon,1972,537977,Africa,48.69,11401.94841
+Gabon,1977,706367,Africa,52.79,21745.57328
+Gabon,1982,753874,Africa,56.564,15113.36194
+Gabon,1987,880397,Africa,60.19,11864.40844
+Gabon,1992,985739,Africa,61.366,13522.15752
+Gabon,1997,1126189,Africa,60.461,14722.84188
+Gabon,2002,1299304,Africa,56.761,12521.71392
+Gabon,2007,1454867,Africa,56.735,13206.48452
+Gambia,1952,284320,Africa,30,485.2306591
+Gambia,1957,323150,Africa,32.065,520.9267111
+Gambia,1962,374020,Africa,33.896,599.650276
+Gambia,1967,439593,Africa,35.857,734.7829124
+Gambia,1972,517101,Africa,38.308,756.0868363
+Gambia,1977,608274,Africa,41.842,884.7552507
+Gambia,1982,715523,Africa,45.58,835.8096108
+Gambia,1987,848406,Africa,49.265,611.6588611
+Gambia,1992,1025384,Africa,52.644,665.6244126
+Gambia,1997,1235767,Africa,55.861,653.7301704
+Gambia,2002,1457766,Africa,58.041,660.5855997
+Gambia,2007,1688359,Africa,59.448,752.7497265
+Germany,1952,69145952,Europe,67.5,7144.114393
+Germany,1957,71019069,Europe,69.1,10187.82665
+Germany,1962,73739117,Europe,70.3,12902.46291
+Germany,1967,76368453,Europe,70.8,14745.62561
+Germany,1972,78717088,Europe,71,18016.18027
+Germany,1977,78160773,Europe,72.5,20512.92123
+Germany,1982,78335266,Europe,73.8,22031.53274
+Germany,1987,77718298,Europe,74.847,24639.18566
+Germany,1992,80597764,Europe,76.07,26505.30317
+Germany,1997,82011073,Europe,77.34,27788.88416
+Germany,2002,82350671,Europe,78.67,30035.80198
+Germany,2007,82400996,Europe,79.406,32170.37442
+Ghana,1952,5581001,Africa,43.149,911.2989371
+Ghana,1957,6391288,Africa,44.779,1043.561537
+Ghana,1962,7355248,Africa,46.452,1190.041118
+Ghana,1967,8490213,Africa,48.072,1125.69716
+Ghana,1972,9354120,Africa,49.875,1178.223708
+Ghana,1977,10538093,Africa,51.756,993.2239571
+Ghana,1982,11400338,Africa,53.744,876.032569
+Ghana,1987,14168101,Africa,55.729,847.0061135
+Ghana,1992,16278738,Africa,57.501,925.060154
+Ghana,1997,18418288,Africa,58.556,1005.245812
+Ghana,2002,20550751,Africa,58.453,1111.984578
+Ghana,2007,22873338,Africa,60.022,1327.60891
+Greece,1952,7733250,Europe,65.86,3530.690067
+Greece,1957,8096218,Europe,67.86,4916.299889
+Greece,1962,8448233,Europe,69.51,6017.190733
+Greece,1967,8716441,Europe,71,8513.097016
+Greece,1972,8888628,Europe,72.34,12724.82957
+Greece,1977,9308479,Europe,73.68,14195.52428
+Greece,1982,9786480,Europe,75.24,15268.42089
+Greece,1987,9974490,Europe,76.67,16120.52839
+Greece,1992,10325429,Europe,77.03,17541.49634
+Greece,1997,10502372,Europe,77.869,18747.69814
+Greece,2002,10603863,Europe,78.256,22514.2548
+Greece,2007,10706290,Europe,79.483,27538.41188
+Guatemala,1952,3146381,Americas,42.023,2428.237769
+Guatemala,1957,3640876,Americas,44.142,2617.155967
+Guatemala,1962,4208858,Americas,46.954,2750.364446
+Guatemala,1967,4690773,Americas,50.016,3242.531147
+Guatemala,1972,5149581,Americas,53.738,4031.408271
+Guatemala,1977,5703430,Americas,56.029,4879.992748
+Guatemala,1982,6395630,Americas,58.137,4820.49479
+Guatemala,1987,7326406,Americas,60.782,4246.485974
+Guatemala,1992,8486949,Americas,63.373,4439.45084
+Guatemala,1997,9803875,Americas,66.322,4684.313807
+Guatemala,2002,11178650,Americas,68.978,4858.347495
+Guatemala,2007,12572928,Americas,70.259,5186.050003
+Guinea,1952,2664249,Africa,33.609,510.1964923
+Guinea,1957,2876726,Africa,34.558,576.2670245
+Guinea,1962,3140003,Africa,35.753,686.3736739
+Guinea,1967,3451418,Africa,37.197,708.7595409
+Guinea,1972,3811387,Africa,38.842,741.6662307
+Guinea,1977,4227026,Africa,40.762,874.6858643
+Guinea,1982,4710497,Africa,42.891,857.2503577
+Guinea,1987,5650262,Africa,45.552,805.5724718
+Guinea,1992,6990574,Africa,48.576,794.3484384
+Guinea,1997,8048834,Africa,51.455,869.4497668
+Guinea,2002,8807818,Africa,53.676,945.5835837
+Guinea,2007,9947814,Africa,56.007,942.6542111
+Guinea-Bissau,1952,580653,Africa,32.5,299.850319
+Guinea-Bissau,1957,601095,Africa,33.489,431.7904566
+Guinea-Bissau,1962,627820,Africa,34.488,522.0343725
+Guinea-Bissau,1967,601287,Africa,35.492,715.5806402
+Guinea-Bissau,1972,625361,Africa,36.486,820.2245876
+Guinea-Bissau,1977,745228,Africa,37.465,764.7259628
+Guinea-Bissau,1982,825987,Africa,39.327,838.1239671
+Guinea-Bissau,1987,927524,Africa,41.245,736.4153921
+Guinea-Bissau,1992,1050938,Africa,43.266,745.5398706
+Guinea-Bissau,1997,1193708,Africa,44.873,796.6644681
+Guinea-Bissau,2002,1332459,Africa,45.504,575.7047176
+Guinea-Bissau,2007,1472041,Africa,46.388,579.231743
+Haiti,1952,3201488,Americas,37.579,1840.366939
+Haiti,1957,3507701,Americas,40.696,1726.887882
+Haiti,1962,3880130,Americas,43.59,1796.589032
+Haiti,1967,4318137,Americas,46.243,1452.057666
+Haiti,1972,4698301,Americas,48.042,1654.456946
+Haiti,1977,4908554,Americas,49.923,1874.298931
+Haiti,1982,5198399,Americas,51.461,2011.159549
+Haiti,1987,5756203,Americas,53.636,1823.015995
+Haiti,1992,6326682,Americas,55.089,1456.309517
+Haiti,1997,6913545,Americas,56.671,1341.726931
+Haiti,2002,7607651,Americas,58.137,1270.364932
+Haiti,2007,8502814,Americas,60.916,1201.637154
+Honduras,1952,1517453,Americas,41.912,2194.926204
+Honduras,1957,1770390,Americas,44.665,2220.487682
+Honduras,1962,2090162,Americas,48.041,2291.156835
+Honduras,1967,2500689,Americas,50.924,2538.269358
+Honduras,1972,2965146,Americas,53.884,2529.842345
+Honduras,1977,3055235,Americas,57.402,3203.208066
+Honduras,1982,3669448,Americas,60.909,3121.760794
+Honduras,1987,4372203,Americas,64.492,3023.096699
+Honduras,1992,5077347,Americas,66.399,3081.694603
+Honduras,1997,5867957,Americas,67.659,3160.454906
+Honduras,2002,6677328,Americas,68.565,3099.72866
+Honduras,2007,7483763,Americas,70.198,3548.330846
+Hong Kong China,1952,2125900,Asia,60.96,3054.421209
+Hong Kong China,1957,2736300,Asia,64.75,3629.076457
+Hong Kong China,1962,3305200,Asia,67.65,4692.648272
+Hong Kong China,1967,3722800,Asia,70,6197.962814
+Hong Kong China,1972,4115700,Asia,72,8315.928145
+Hong Kong China,1977,4583700,Asia,73.6,11186.14125
+Hong Kong China,1982,5264500,Asia,75.45,14560.53051
+Hong Kong China,1987,5584510,Asia,76.2,20038.47269
+Hong Kong China,1992,5829696,Asia,77.601,24757.60301
+Hong Kong China,1997,6495918,Asia,80,28377.63219
+Hong Kong China,2002,6762476,Asia,81.495,30209.01516
+Hong Kong China,2007,6980412,Asia,82.208,39724.97867
+Hungary,1952,9504000,Europe,64.03,5263.673816
+Hungary,1957,9839000,Europe,66.41,6040.180011
+Hungary,1962,10063000,Europe,67.96,7550.359877
+Hungary,1967,10223422,Europe,69.5,9326.64467
+Hungary,1972,10394091,Europe,69.76,10168.65611
+Hungary,1977,10637171,Europe,69.95,11674.83737
+Hungary,1982,10705535,Europe,69.39,12545.99066
+Hungary,1987,10612740,Europe,69.58,12986.47998
+Hungary,1992,10348684,Europe,69.17,10535.62855
+Hungary,1997,10244684,Europe,71.04,11712.7768
+Hungary,2002,10083313,Europe,72.59,14843.93556
+Hungary,2007,9956108,Europe,73.338,18008.94444
+Iceland,1952,147962,Europe,72.49,7267.688428
+Iceland,1957,165110,Europe,73.47,9244.001412
+Iceland,1962,182053,Europe,73.68,10350.15906
+Iceland,1967,198676,Europe,73.73,13319.89568
+Iceland,1972,209275,Europe,74.46,15798.06362
+Iceland,1977,221823,Europe,76.11,19654.96247
+Iceland,1982,233997,Europe,76.99,23269.6075
+Iceland,1987,244676,Europe,77.23,26923.20628
+Iceland,1992,259012,Europe,78.77,25144.39201
+Iceland,1997,271192,Europe,78.95,28061.09966
+Iceland,2002,288030,Europe,80.5,31163.20196
+Iceland,2007,301931,Europe,81.757,36180.78919
+India,1952,3.72e+08,Asia,37.373,546.5657493
+India,1957,4.09e+08,Asia,40.249,590.061996
+India,1962,4.54e+08,Asia,43.605,658.3471509
+India,1967,5.06e+08,Asia,47.193,700.7706107
+India,1972,5.67e+08,Asia,50.651,724.032527
+India,1977,6.34e+08,Asia,54.208,813.337323
+India,1982,7.08e+08,Asia,56.596,855.7235377
+India,1987,7.88e+08,Asia,58.553,976.5126756
+India,1992,8.72e+08,Asia,60.223,1164.406809
+India,1997,9.59e+08,Asia,61.765,1458.817442
+India,2002,1034172547,Asia,62.879,1746.769454
+India,2007,1110396331,Asia,64.698,2452.210407
+Indonesia,1952,82052000,Asia,37.468,749.6816546
+Indonesia,1957,90124000,Asia,39.918,858.9002707
+Indonesia,1962,99028000,Asia,42.518,849.2897701
+Indonesia,1967,109343000,Asia,45.964,762.4317721
+Indonesia,1972,121282000,Asia,49.203,1111.107907
+Indonesia,1977,136725000,Asia,52.702,1382.702056
+Indonesia,1982,153343000,Asia,56.159,1516.872988
+Indonesia,1987,169276000,Asia,60.137,1748.356961
+Indonesia,1992,184816000,Asia,62.681,2383.140898
+Indonesia,1997,199278000,Asia,66.041,3119.335603
+Indonesia,2002,211060000,Asia,68.588,2873.91287
+Indonesia,2007,223547000,Asia,70.65,3540.651564
+Iran,1952,17272000,Asia,44.869,3035.326002
+Iran,1957,19792000,Asia,47.181,3290.257643
+Iran,1962,22874000,Asia,49.325,4187.329802
+Iran,1967,26538000,Asia,52.469,5906.731805
+Iran,1972,30614000,Asia,55.234,9613.818607
+Iran,1977,35480679,Asia,57.702,11888.59508
+Iran,1982,43072751,Asia,59.62,7608.334602
+Iran,1987,51889696,Asia,63.04,6642.881371
+Iran,1992,60397973,Asia,65.742,7235.653188
+Iran,1997,63327987,Asia,68.042,8263.590301
+Iran,2002,66907826,Asia,69.451,9240.761975
+Iran,2007,69453570,Asia,70.964,11605.71449
+Iraq,1952,5441766,Asia,45.32,4129.766056
+Iraq,1957,6248643,Asia,48.437,6229.333562
+Iraq,1962,7240260,Asia,51.457,8341.737815
+Iraq,1967,8519282,Asia,54.459,8931.459811
+Iraq,1972,10061506,Asia,56.95,9576.037596
+Iraq,1977,11882916,Asia,60.413,14688.23507
+Iraq,1982,14173318,Asia,62.038,14517.90711
+Iraq,1987,16543189,Asia,65.044,11643.57268
+Iraq,1992,17861905,Asia,59.461,3745.640687
+Iraq,1997,20775703,Asia,58.811,3076.239795
+Iraq,2002,24001816,Asia,57.046,4390.717312
+Iraq,2007,27499638,Asia,59.545,4471.061906
+Ireland,1952,2952156,Europe,66.91,5210.280328
+Ireland,1957,2878220,Europe,68.9,5599.077872
+Ireland,1962,2830000,Europe,70.29,6631.597314
+Ireland,1967,2900100,Europe,71.08,7655.568963
+Ireland,1972,3024400,Europe,71.28,9530.772896
+Ireland,1977,3271900,Europe,72.03,11150.98113
+Ireland,1982,3480000,Europe,73.1,12618.32141
+Ireland,1987,3539900,Europe,74.36,13872.86652
+Ireland,1992,3557761,Europe,75.467,17558.81555
+Ireland,1997,3667233,Europe,76.122,24521.94713
+Ireland,2002,3879155,Europe,77.783,34077.04939
+Ireland,2007,4109086,Europe,78.885,40675.99635
+Israel,1952,1620914,Asia,65.39,4086.522128
+Israel,1957,1944401,Asia,67.84,5385.278451
+Israel,1962,2310904,Asia,69.39,7105.630706
+Israel,1967,2693585,Asia,70.75,8393.741404
+Israel,1972,3095893,Asia,71.63,12786.93223
+Israel,1977,3495918,Asia,73.06,13306.61921
+Israel,1982,3858421,Asia,74.45,15367.0292
+Israel,1987,4203148,Asia,75.6,17122.47986
+Israel,1992,4936550,Asia,76.93,18051.52254
+Israel,1997,5531387,Asia,78.269,20896.60924
+Israel,2002,6029529,Asia,79.696,21905.59514
+Israel,2007,6426679,Asia,80.745,25523.2771
+Italy,1952,47666000,Europe,65.94,4931.404155
+Italy,1957,49182000,Europe,67.81,6248.656232
+Italy,1962,50843200,Europe,69.24,8243.58234
+Italy,1967,52667100,Europe,71.06,10022.40131
+Italy,1972,54365564,Europe,72.19,12269.27378
+Italy,1977,56059245,Europe,73.48,14255.98475
+Italy,1982,56535636,Europe,74.98,16537.4835
+Italy,1987,56729703,Europe,76.42,19207.23482
+Italy,1992,56840847,Europe,77.44,22013.64486
+Italy,1997,57479469,Europe,78.82,24675.02446
+Italy,2002,57926999,Europe,80.24,27968.09817
+Italy,2007,58147733,Europe,80.546,28569.7197
+Jamaica,1952,1426095,Americas,58.53,2898.530881
+Jamaica,1957,1535090,Americas,62.61,4756.525781
+Jamaica,1962,1665128,Americas,65.61,5246.107524
+Jamaica,1967,1861096,Americas,67.51,6124.703451
+Jamaica,1972,1997616,Americas,69,7433.889293
+Jamaica,1977,2156814,Americas,70.11,6650.195573
+Jamaica,1982,2298309,Americas,71.21,6068.05135
+Jamaica,1987,2326606,Americas,71.77,6351.237495
+Jamaica,1992,2378618,Americas,71.766,7404.923685
+Jamaica,1997,2531311,Americas,72.262,7121.924704
+Jamaica,2002,2664659,Americas,72.047,6994.774861
+Jamaica,2007,2780132,Americas,72.567,7320.880262
+Japan,1952,86459025,Asia,63.03,3216.956347
+Japan,1957,91563009,Asia,65.5,4317.694365
+Japan,1962,95831757,Asia,68.73,6576.649461
+Japan,1967,100825279,Asia,71.43,9847.788607
+Japan,1972,107188273,Asia,73.42,14778.78636
+Japan,1977,113872473,Asia,75.38,16610.37701
+Japan,1982,118454974,Asia,77.11,19384.10571
+Japan,1987,122091325,Asia,78.67,22375.94189
+Japan,1992,124329269,Asia,79.36,26824.89511
+Japan,1997,125956499,Asia,80.69,28816.58499
+Japan,2002,127065841,Asia,82,28604.5919
+Japan,2007,127467972,Asia,82.603,31656.06806
+Jordan,1952,607914,Asia,43.158,1546.907807
+Jordan,1957,746559,Asia,45.669,1886.080591
+Jordan,1962,933559,Asia,48.126,2348.009158
+Jordan,1967,1255058,Asia,51.629,2741.796252
+Jordan,1972,1613551,Asia,56.528,2110.856309
+Jordan,1977,1937652,Asia,61.134,2852.351568
+Jordan,1982,2347031,Asia,63.739,4161.415959
+Jordan,1987,2820042,Asia,65.869,4448.679912
+Jordan,1992,3867409,Asia,68.015,3431.593647
+Jordan,1997,4526235,Asia,69.772,3645.379572
+Jordan,2002,5307470,Asia,71.263,3844.917194
+Jordan,2007,6053193,Asia,72.535,4519.461171
+Kenya,1952,6464046,Africa,42.27,853.540919
+Kenya,1957,7454779,Africa,44.686,944.4383152
+Kenya,1962,8678557,Africa,47.949,896.9663732
+Kenya,1967,10191512,Africa,50.654,1056.736457
+Kenya,1972,12044785,Africa,53.559,1222.359968
+Kenya,1977,14500404,Africa,56.155,1267.613204
+Kenya,1982,17661452,Africa,58.766,1348.225791
+Kenya,1987,21198082,Africa,59.339,1361.936856
+Kenya,1992,25020539,Africa,59.285,1341.921721
+Kenya,1997,28263827,Africa,54.407,1360.485021
+Kenya,2002,31386842,Africa,50.992,1287.514732
+Kenya,2007,35610177,Africa,54.11,1463.249282
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1952,8865488,Asia,50.056,1088.277758
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1957,9411381,Asia,54.081,1571.134655
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1962,10917494,Asia,56.656,1621.693598
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1967,12617009,Asia,59.942,2143.540609
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1972,14781241,Asia,63.983,3701.621503
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1977,16325320,Asia,67.159,4106.301249
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1982,17647518,Asia,69.1,4106.525293
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1987,19067554,Asia,70.647,4106.492315
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1992,20711375,Asia,69.978,3726.063507
+Korea Dem. Rep.,1997,21585105,Asia,67.727,1690.756814
+Korea Dem. Rep.,2002,22215365,Asia,66.662,1646.758151
+Korea Dem. Rep.,2007,23301725,Asia,67.297,1593.06548
+Korea Rep.,1952,20947571,Asia,47.453,1030.592226
+Korea Rep.,1957,22611552,Asia,52.681,1487.593537
+Korea Rep.,1962,26420307,Asia,55.292,1536.344387
+Korea Rep.,1967,30131000,Asia,57.716,2029.228142
+Korea Rep.,1972,33505000,Asia,62.612,3030.87665
+Korea Rep.,1977,36436000,Asia,64.766,4657.22102
+Korea Rep.,1982,39326000,Asia,67.123,5622.942464
+Korea Rep.,1987,41622000,Asia,69.81,8533.088805
+Korea Rep.,1992,43805450,Asia,72.244,12104.27872
+Korea Rep.,1997,46173816,Asia,74.647,15993.52796
+Korea Rep.,2002,47969150,Asia,77.045,19233.98818
+Korea Rep.,2007,49044790,Asia,78.623,23348.13973
+Kuwait,1952,160000,Asia,55.565,108382.3529
+Kuwait,1957,212846,Asia,58.033,113523.1329
+Kuwait,1962,358266,Asia,60.47,95458.11176
+Kuwait,1967,575003,Asia,64.624,80894.88326
+Kuwait,1972,841934,Asia,67.712,109347.867
+Kuwait,1977,1140357,Asia,69.343,59265.47714
+Kuwait,1982,1497494,Asia,71.309,31354.03573
+Kuwait,1987,1891487,Asia,74.174,28118.42998
+Kuwait,1992,1418095,Asia,75.19,34932.91959
+Kuwait,1997,1765345,Asia,76.156,40300.61996
+Kuwait,2002,2111561,Asia,76.904,35110.10566
+Kuwait,2007,2505559,Asia,77.588,47306.98978
+Lebanon,1952,1439529,Asia,55.928,4834.804067
+Lebanon,1957,1647412,Asia,59.489,6089.786934
+Lebanon,1962,1886848,Asia,62.094,5714.560611
+Lebanon,1967,2186894,Asia,63.87,6006.983042
+Lebanon,1972,2680018,Asia,65.421,7486.384341
+Lebanon,1977,3115787,Asia,66.099,8659.696836
+Lebanon,1982,3086876,Asia,66.983,7640.519521
+Lebanon,1987,3089353,Asia,67.926,5377.091329
+Lebanon,1992,3219994,Asia,69.292,6890.806854
+Lebanon,1997,3430388,Asia,70.265,8754.96385
+Lebanon,2002,3677780,Asia,71.028,9313.93883
+Lebanon,2007,3921278,Asia,71.993,10461.05868
+Lesotho,1952,748747,Africa,42.138,298.8462121
+Lesotho,1957,813338,Africa,45.047,335.9971151
+Lesotho,1962,893143,Africa,47.747,411.8006266
+Lesotho,1967,996380,Africa,48.492,498.6390265
+Lesotho,1972,1116779,Africa,49.767,496.5815922
+Lesotho,1977,1251524,Africa,52.208,745.3695408
+Lesotho,1982,1411807,Africa,55.078,797.2631074
+Lesotho,1987,1599200,Africa,57.18,773.9932141
+Lesotho,1992,1803195,Africa,59.685,977.4862725
+Lesotho,1997,1982823,Africa,55.558,1186.147994
+Lesotho,2002,2046772,Africa,44.593,1275.184575
+Lesotho,2007,2012649,Africa,42.592,1569.331442
+Liberia,1952,863308,Africa,38.48,575.5729961
+Liberia,1957,975950,Africa,39.486,620.9699901
+Liberia,1962,1112796,Africa,40.502,634.1951625
+Liberia,1967,1279406,Africa,41.536,713.6036483
+Liberia,1972,1482628,Africa,42.614,803.0054535
+Liberia,1977,1703617,Africa,43.764,640.3224383
+Liberia,1982,1956875,Africa,44.852,572.1995694
+Liberia,1987,2269414,Africa,46.027,506.1138573
+Liberia,1992,1912974,Africa,40.802,636.6229191
+Liberia,1997,2200725,Africa,42.221,609.1739508
+Liberia,2002,2814651,Africa,43.753,531.4823679
+Liberia,2007,3193942,Africa,45.678,414.5073415
+Libya,1952,1019729,Africa,42.723,2387.54806
+Libya,1957,1201578,Africa,45.289,3448.284395
+Libya,1962,1441863,Africa,47.808,6757.030816
+Libya,1967,1759224,Africa,50.227,18772.75169
+Libya,1972,2183877,Africa,52.773,21011.49721
+Libya,1977,2721783,Africa,57.442,21951.21176
+Libya,1982,3344074,Africa,62.155,17364.27538
+Libya,1987,3799845,Africa,66.234,11770.5898
+Libya,1992,4364501,Africa,68.755,9640.138501
+Libya,1997,4759670,Africa,71.555,9467.446056
+Libya,2002,5368585,Africa,72.737,9534.677467
+Libya,2007,6036914,Africa,73.952,12057.49928
+Madagascar,1952,4762912,Africa,36.681,1443.011715
+Madagascar,1957,5181679,Africa,38.865,1589.20275
+Madagascar,1962,5703324,Africa,40.848,1643.38711
+Madagascar,1967,6334556,Africa,42.881,1634.047282
+Madagascar,1972,7082430,Africa,44.851,1748.562982
+Madagascar,1977,8007166,Africa,46.881,1544.228586
+Madagascar,1982,9171477,Africa,48.969,1302.878658
+Madagascar,1987,10568642,Africa,49.35,1155.441948
+Madagascar,1992,12210395,Africa,52.214,1040.67619
+Madagascar,1997,14165114,Africa,54.978,986.2958956
+Madagascar,2002,16473477,Africa,57.286,894.6370822
+Madagascar,2007,19167654,Africa,59.443,1044.770126
+Malawi,1952,2917802,Africa,36.256,369.1650802
+Malawi,1957,3221238,Africa,37.207,416.3698064
+Malawi,1962,3628608,Africa,38.41,427.9010856
+Malawi,1967,4147252,Africa,39.487,495.5147806
+Malawi,1972,4730997,Africa,41.766,584.6219709
+Malawi,1977,5637246,Africa,43.767,663.2236766
+Malawi,1982,6502825,Africa,45.642,632.8039209
+Malawi,1987,7824747,Africa,47.457,635.5173634
+Malawi,1992,10014249,Africa,49.42,563.2000145
+Malawi,1997,10419991,Africa,47.495,692.2758103
+Malawi,2002,11824495,Africa,45.009,665.4231186
+Malawi,2007,13327079,Africa,48.303,759.3499101
+Malaysia,1952,6748378,Asia,48.463,1831.132894
+Malaysia,1957,7739235,Asia,52.102,1810.066992
+Malaysia,1962,8906385,Asia,55.737,2036.884944
+Malaysia,1967,10154878,Asia,59.371,2277.742396
+Malaysia,1972,11441462,Asia,63.01,2849.09478
+Malaysia,1977,12845381,Asia,65.256,3827.921571
+Malaysia,1982,14441916,Asia,68,4920.355951
+Malaysia,1987,16331785,Asia,69.5,5249.802653
+Malaysia,1992,18319502,Asia,70.693,7277.912802
+Malaysia,1997,20476091,Asia,71.938,10132.90964
+Malaysia,2002,22662365,Asia,73.044,10206.97794
+Malaysia,2007,24821286,Asia,74.241,12451.6558
+Mali,1952,3838168,Africa,33.685,452.3369807
+Mali,1957,4241884,Africa,35.307,490.3821867
+Mali,1962,4690372,Africa,36.936,496.1743428
+Mali,1967,5212416,Africa,38.487,545.0098873
+Mali,1972,5828158,Africa,39.977,581.3688761
+Mali,1977,6491649,Africa,41.714,686.3952693
+Mali,1982,6998256,Africa,43.916,618.0140641
+Mali,1987,7634008,Africa,46.364,684.1715576
+Mali,1992,8416215,Africa,48.388,739.014375
+Mali,1997,9384984,Africa,49.903,790.2579846
+Mali,2002,10580176,Africa,51.818,951.4097518
+Mali,2007,12031795,Africa,54.467,1042.581557
+Mauritania,1952,1022556,Africa,40.543,743.1159097
+Mauritania,1957,1076852,Africa,42.338,846.1202613
+Mauritania,1962,1146757,Africa,44.248,1055.896036
+Mauritania,1967,1230542,Africa,46.289,1421.145193
+Mauritania,1972,1332786,Africa,48.437,1586.851781
+Mauritania,1977,1456688,Africa,50.852,1497.492223
+Mauritania,1982,1622136,Africa,53.599,1481.150189
+Mauritania,1987,1841240,Africa,56.145,1421.603576
+Mauritania,1992,2119465,Africa,58.333,1361.369784
+Mauritania,1997,2444741,Africa,60.43,1483.136136
+Mauritania,2002,2828858,Africa,62.247,1579.019543
+Mauritania,2007,3270065,Africa,64.164,1803.151496
+Mauritius,1952,516556,Africa,50.986,1967.955707
+Mauritius,1957,609816,Africa,58.089,2034.037981
+Mauritius,1962,701016,Africa,60.246,2529.067487
+Mauritius,1967,789309,Africa,61.557,2475.387562
+Mauritius,1972,851334,Africa,62.944,2575.484158
+Mauritius,1977,913025,Africa,64.93,3710.982963
+Mauritius,1982,992040,Africa,66.711,3688.037739
+Mauritius,1987,1042663,Africa,68.74,4783.586903
+Mauritius,1992,1096202,Africa,69.745,6058.253846
+Mauritius,1997,1149818,Africa,70.736,7425.705295
+Mauritius,2002,1200206,Africa,71.954,9021.815894
+Mauritius,2007,1250882,Africa,72.801,10956.99112
+Mexico,1952,30144317,Americas,50.789,3478.125529
+Mexico,1957,35015548,Americas,55.19,4131.546641
+Mexico,1962,41121485,Americas,58.299,4581.609385
+Mexico,1967,47995559,Americas,60.11,5754.733883
+Mexico,1972,55984294,Americas,62.361,6809.40669
+Mexico,1977,63759976,Americas,65.032,7674.929108
+Mexico,1982,71640904,Americas,67.405,9611.147541
+Mexico,1987,80122492,Americas,69.498,8688.156003
+Mexico,1992,88111030,Americas,71.455,9472.384295
+Mexico,1997,95895146,Americas,73.67,9767.29753
+Mexico,2002,102479927,Americas,74.902,10742.44053
+Mexico,2007,108700891,Americas,76.195,11977.57496
+Mongolia,1952,800663,Asia,42.244,786.5668575
+Mongolia,1957,882134,Asia,45.248,912.6626085
+Mongolia,1962,1010280,Asia,48.251,1056.353958
+Mongolia,1967,1149500,Asia,51.253,1226.04113
+Mongolia,1972,1320500,Asia,53.754,1421.741975
+Mongolia,1977,1528000,Asia,55.491,1647.511665
+Mongolia,1982,1756032,Asia,57.489,2000.603139
+Mongolia,1987,2015133,Asia,60.222,2338.008304
+Mongolia,1992,2312802,Asia,61.271,1785.402016
+Mongolia,1997,2494803,Asia,63.625,1902.2521
+Mongolia,2002,2674234,Asia,65.033,2140.739323
+Mongolia,2007,2874127,Asia,66.803,3095.772271
+Montenegro,1952,413834,Europe,59.164,2647.585601
+Montenegro,1957,442829,Europe,61.448,3682.259903
+Montenegro,1962,474528,Europe,63.728,4649.593785
+Montenegro,1967,501035,Europe,67.178,5907.850937
+Montenegro,1972,527678,Europe,70.636,7778.414017
+Montenegro,1977,560073,Europe,73.066,9595.929905
+Montenegro,1982,562548,Europe,74.101,11222.58762
+Montenegro,1987,569473,Europe,74.865,11732.51017
+Montenegro,1992,621621,Europe,75.435,7003.339037
+Montenegro,1997,692651,Europe,75.445,6465.613349
+Montenegro,2002,720230,Europe,73.981,6557.194282
+Montenegro,2007,684736,Europe,74.543,9253.896111
+Morocco,1952,9939217,Africa,42.873,1688.20357
+Morocco,1957,11406350,Africa,45.423,1642.002314
+Morocco,1962,13056604,Africa,47.924,1566.353493
+Morocco,1967,14770296,Africa,50.335,1711.04477
+Morocco,1972,16660670,Africa,52.862,1930.194975
+Morocco,1977,18396941,Africa,55.73,2370.619976
+Morocco,1982,20198730,Africa,59.65,2702.620356
+Morocco,1987,22987397,Africa,62.677,2755.046991
+Morocco,1992,25798239,Africa,65.393,2948.047252
+Morocco,1997,28529501,Africa,67.66,2982.101858
+Morocco,2002,31167783,Africa,69.615,3258.495584
+Morocco,2007,33757175,Africa,71.164,3820.17523
+Mozambique,1952,6446316,Africa,31.286,468.5260381
+Mozambique,1957,7038035,Africa,33.779,495.5868333
+Mozambique,1962,7788944,Africa,36.161,556.6863539
+Mozambique,1967,8680909,Africa,38.113,566.6691539
+Mozambique,1972,9809596,Africa,40.328,724.9178037
+Mozambique,1977,11127868,Africa,42.495,502.3197334
+Mozambique,1982,12587223,Africa,42.795,462.2114149
+Mozambique,1987,12891952,Africa,42.861,389.8761846
+Mozambique,1992,13160731,Africa,44.284,410.8968239
+Mozambique,1997,16603334,Africa,46.344,472.3460771
+Mozambique,2002,18473780,Africa,44.026,633.6179466
+Mozambique,2007,19951656,Africa,42.082,823.6856205
+Myanmar,1952,20092996,Asia,36.319,331
+Myanmar,1957,21731844,Asia,41.905,350
+Myanmar,1962,23634436,Asia,45.108,388
+Myanmar,1967,25870271,Asia,49.379,349
+Myanmar,1972,28466390,Asia,53.07,357
+Myanmar,1977,31528087,Asia,56.059,371
+Myanmar,1982,34680442,Asia,58.056,424
+Myanmar,1987,38028578,Asia,58.339,385
+Myanmar,1992,40546538,Asia,59.32,347
+Myanmar,1997,43247867,Asia,60.328,415
+Myanmar,2002,45598081,Asia,59.908,611
+Myanmar,2007,47761980,Asia,62.069,944
+Namibia,1952,485831,Africa,41.725,2423.780443
+Namibia,1957,548080,Africa,45.226,2621.448058
+Namibia,1962,621392,Africa,48.386,3173.215595
+Namibia,1967,706640,Africa,51.159,3793.694753
+Namibia,1972,821782,Africa,53.867,3746.080948
+Namibia,1977,977026,Africa,56.437,3876.485958
+Namibia,1982,1099010,Africa,58.968,4191.100511
+Namibia,1987,1278184,Africa,60.835,3693.731337
+Namibia,1992,1554253,Africa,61.999,3804.537999
+Namibia,1997,1774766,Africa,58.909,3899.52426
+Namibia,2002,1972153,Africa,51.479,4072.324751
+Namibia,2007,2055080,Africa,52.906,4811.060429
+Nepal,1952,9182536,Asia,36.157,545.8657229
+Nepal,1957,9682338,Asia,37.686,597.9363558
+Nepal,1962,10332057,Asia,39.393,652.3968593
+Nepal,1967,11261690,Asia,41.472,676.4422254
+Nepal,1972,12412593,Asia,43.971,674.7881296
+Nepal,1977,13933198,Asia,46.748,694.1124398
+Nepal,1982,15796314,Asia,49.594,718.3730947
+Nepal,1987,17917180,Asia,52.537,775.6324501
+Nepal,1992,20326209,Asia,55.727,897.7403604
+Nepal,1997,23001113,Asia,59.426,1010.892138
+Nepal,2002,25873917,Asia,61.34,1057.206311
+Nepal,2007,28901790,Asia,63.785,1091.359778
+Netherlands,1952,10381988,Europe,72.13,8941.571858
+Netherlands,1957,11026383,Europe,72.99,11276.19344
+Netherlands,1962,11805689,Europe,73.23,12790.84956
+Netherlands,1967,12596822,Europe,73.82,15363.25136
+Netherlands,1972,13329874,Europe,73.75,18794.74567
+Netherlands,1977,13852989,Europe,75.24,21209.0592
+Netherlands,1982,14310401,Europe,76.05,21399.46046
+Netherlands,1987,14665278,Europe,76.83,23651.32361
+Netherlands,1992,15174244,Europe,77.42,26790.94961
+Netherlands,1997,15604464,Europe,78.03,30246.13063
+Netherlands,2002,16122830,Europe,78.53,33724.75778
+Netherlands,2007,16570613,Europe,79.762,36797.93332
+New Zealand,1952,1994794,Oceania,69.39,10556.57566
+New Zealand,1957,2229407,Oceania,70.26,12247.39532
+New Zealand,1962,2488550,Oceania,71.24,13175.678
+New Zealand,1967,2728150,Oceania,71.52,14463.91893
+New Zealand,1972,2929100,Oceania,71.89,16046.03728
+New Zealand,1977,3164900,Oceania,72.22,16233.7177
+New Zealand,1982,3210650,Oceania,73.84,17632.4104
+New Zealand,1987,3317166,Oceania,74.32,19007.19129
+New Zealand,1992,3437674,Oceania,76.33,18363.32494
+New Zealand,1997,3676187,Oceania,77.55,21050.41377
+New Zealand,2002,3908037,Oceania,79.11,23189.80135
+New Zealand,2007,4115771,Oceania,80.204,25185.00911
+Nicaragua,1952,1165790,Americas,42.314,3112.363948
+Nicaragua,1957,1358828,Americas,45.432,3457.415947
+Nicaragua,1962,1590597,Americas,48.632,3634.364406
+Nicaragua,1967,1865490,Americas,51.884,4643.393534
+Nicaragua,1972,2182908,Americas,55.151,4688.593267
+Nicaragua,1977,2554598,Americas,57.47,5486.371089
+Nicaragua,1982,2979423,Americas,59.298,3470.338156
+Nicaragua,1987,3344353,Americas,62.008,2955.984375
+Nicaragua,1992,4017939,Americas,65.843,2170.151724
+Nicaragua,1997,4609572,Americas,68.426,2253.023004
+Nicaragua,2002,5146848,Americas,70.836,2474.548819
+Nicaragua,2007,5675356,Americas,72.899,2749.320965
+Niger,1952,3379468,Africa,37.444,761.879376
+Niger,1957,3692184,Africa,38.598,835.5234025
+Niger,1962,4076008,Africa,39.487,997.7661127
+Niger,1967,4534062,Africa,40.118,1054.384891
+Niger,1972,5060262,Africa,40.546,954.2092363
+Niger,1977,5682086,Africa,41.291,808.8970728
+Niger,1982,6437188,Africa,42.598,909.7221354
+Niger,1987,7332638,Africa,44.555,668.3000228
+Niger,1992,8392818,Africa,47.391,581.182725
+Niger,1997,9666252,Africa,51.313,580.3052092
+Niger,2002,11140655,Africa,54.496,601.0745012
+Niger,2007,12894865,Africa,56.867,619.6768924
+Nigeria,1952,33119096,Africa,36.324,1077.281856
+Nigeria,1957,37173340,Africa,37.802,1100.592563
+Nigeria,1962,41871351,Africa,39.36,1150.927478
+Nigeria,1967,47287752,Africa,41.04,1014.514104
+Nigeria,1972,53740085,Africa,42.821,1698.388838
+Nigeria,1977,62209173,Africa,44.514,1981.951806
+Nigeria,1982,73039376,Africa,45.826,1576.97375
+Nigeria,1987,81551520,Africa,46.886,1385.029563
+Nigeria,1992,93364244,Africa,47.472,1619.848217
+Nigeria,1997,106207839,Africa,47.464,1624.941275
+Nigeria,2002,119901274,Africa,46.608,1615.286395
+Nigeria,2007,135031164,Africa,46.859,2013.977305
+Norway,1952,3327728,Europe,72.67,10095.42172
+Norway,1957,3491938,Europe,73.44,11653.97304
+Norway,1962,3638919,Europe,73.47,13450.40151
+Norway,1967,3786019,Europe,74.08,16361.87647
+Norway,1972,3933004,Europe,74.34,18965.05551
+Norway,1977,4043205,Europe,75.37,23311.34939
+Norway,1982,4114787,Europe,75.97,26298.63531
+Norway,1987,4186147,Europe,75.89,31540.9748
+Norway,1992,4286357,Europe,77.32,33965.66115
+Norway,1997,4405672,Europe,78.32,41283.16433
+Norway,2002,4535591,Europe,79.05,44683.97525
+Norway,2007,4627926,Europe,80.196,49357.19017
+Oman,1952,507833,Asia,37.578,1828.230307
+Oman,1957,561977,Asia,40.08,2242.746551
+Oman,1962,628164,Asia,43.165,2924.638113
+Oman,1967,714775,Asia,46.988,4720.942687
+Oman,1972,829050,Asia,52.143,10618.03855
+Oman,1977,1004533,Asia,57.367,11848.34392
+Oman,1982,1301048,Asia,62.728,12954.79101
+Oman,1987,1593882,Asia,67.734,18115.22313
+Oman,1992,1915208,Asia,71.197,18616.70691
+Oman,1997,2283635,Asia,72.499,19702.05581
+Oman,2002,2713462,Asia,74.193,19774.83687
+Oman,2007,3204897,Asia,75.64,22316.19287
+Pakistan,1952,41346560,Asia,43.436,684.5971438
+Pakistan,1957,46679944,Asia,45.557,747.0835292
+Pakistan,1962,53100671,Asia,47.67,803.3427418
+Pakistan,1967,60641899,Asia,49.8,942.4082588
+Pakistan,1972,69325921,Asia,51.929,1049.938981
+Pakistan,1977,78152686,Asia,54.043,1175.921193
+Pakistan,1982,91462088,Asia,56.158,1443.429832
+Pakistan,1987,105186881,Asia,58.245,1704.686583
+Pakistan,1992,120065004,Asia,60.838,1971.829464
+Pakistan,1997,135564834,Asia,61.818,2049.350521
+Pakistan,2002,153403524,Asia,63.61,2092.712441
+Pakistan,2007,169270617,Asia,65.483,2605.94758
+Panama,1952,940080,Americas,55.191,2480.380334
+Panama,1957,1063506,Americas,59.201,2961.800905
+Panama,1962,1215725,Americas,61.817,3536.540301
+Panama,1967,1405486,Americas,64.071,4421.009084
+Panama,1972,1616384,Americas,66.216,5364.249663
+Panama,1977,1839782,Americas,68.681,5351.912144
+Panama,1982,2036305,Americas,70.472,7009.601598
+Panama,1987,2253639,Americas,71.523,7034.779161
+Panama,1992,2484997,Americas,72.462,6618.74305
+Panama,1997,2734531,Americas,73.738,7113.692252
+Panama,2002,2990875,Americas,74.712,7356.031934
+Panama,2007,3242173,Americas,75.537,9809.185636
+Paraguay,1952,1555876,Americas,62.649,1952.308701
+Paraguay,1957,1770902,Americas,63.196,2046.154706
+Paraguay,1962,2009813,Americas,64.361,2148.027146
+Paraguay,1967,2287985,Americas,64.951,2299.376311
+Paraguay,1972,2614104,Americas,65.815,2523.337977
+Paraguay,1977,2984494,Americas,66.353,3248.373311
+Paraguay,1982,3366439,Americas,66.874,4258.503604
+Paraguay,1987,3886512,Americas,67.378,3998.875695
+Paraguay,1992,4483945,Americas,68.225,4196.411078
+Paraguay,1997,5154123,Americas,69.4,4247.400261
+Paraguay,2002,5884491,Americas,70.755,3783.674243
+Paraguay,2007,6667147,Americas,71.752,4172.838464
+Peru,1952,8025700,Americas,43.902,3758.523437
+Peru,1957,9146100,Americas,46.263,4245.256698
+Peru,1962,10516500,Americas,49.096,4957.037982
+Peru,1967,12132200,Americas,51.445,5788.09333
+Peru,1972,13954700,Americas,55.448,5937.827283
+Peru,1977,15990099,Americas,58.447,6281.290855
+Peru,1982,18125129,Americas,61.406,6434.501797
+Peru,1987,20195924,Americas,64.134,6360.943444
+Peru,1992,22430449,Americas,66.458,4446.380924
+Peru,1997,24748122,Americas,68.386,5838.347657
+Peru,2002,26769436,Americas,69.906,5909.020073
+Peru,2007,28674757,Americas,71.421,7408.905561
+Philippines,1952,22438691,Asia,47.752,1272.880995
+Philippines,1957,26072194,Asia,51.334,1547.944844
+Philippines,1962,30325264,Asia,54.757,1649.552153
+Philippines,1967,35356600,Asia,56.393,1814.12743
+Philippines,1972,40850141,Asia,58.065,1989.37407
+Philippines,1977,46850962,Asia,60.06,2373.204287
+Philippines,1982,53456774,Asia,62.082,2603.273765
+Philippines,1987,60017788,Asia,64.151,2189.634995
+Philippines,1992,67185766,Asia,66.458,2279.324017
+Philippines,1997,75012988,Asia,68.564,2536.534925
+Philippines,2002,82995088,Asia,70.303,2650.921068
+Philippines,2007,91077287,Asia,71.688,3190.481016
+Poland,1952,25730551,Europe,61.31,4029.329699
+Poland,1957,28235346,Europe,65.77,4734.253019
+Poland,1962,30329617,Europe,67.64,5338.752143
+Poland,1967,31785378,Europe,69.61,6557.152776
+Poland,1972,33039545,Europe,70.85,8006.506993
+Poland,1977,34621254,Europe,70.67,9508.141454
+Poland,1982,36227381,Europe,71.32,8451.531004
+Poland,1987,37740710,Europe,70.98,9082.351172
+Poland,1992,38370697,Europe,70.99,7738.881247
+Poland,1997,38654957,Europe,72.75,10159.58368
+Poland,2002,38625976,Europe,74.67,12002.23908
+Poland,2007,38518241,Europe,75.563,15389.92468
+Portugal,1952,8526050,Europe,59.82,3068.319867
+Portugal,1957,8817650,Europe,61.51,3774.571743
+Portugal,1962,9019800,Europe,64.39,4727.954889
+Portugal,1967,9103000,Europe,66.6,6361.517993
+Portugal,1972,8970450,Europe,69.26,9022.247417
+Portugal,1977,9662600,Europe,70.41,10172.48572
+Portugal,1982,9859650,Europe,72.77,11753.84291
+Portugal,1987,9915289,Europe,74.06,13039.30876
+Portugal,1992,9927680,Europe,74.86,16207.26663
+Portugal,1997,10156415,Europe,75.97,17641.03156
+Portugal,2002,10433867,Europe,77.29,19970.90787
+Portugal,2007,10642836,Europe,78.098,20509.64777
+Puerto Rico,1952,2227000,Americas,64.28,3081.959785
+Puerto Rico,1957,2260000,Americas,68.54,3907.156189
+Puerto Rico,1962,2448046,Americas,69.62,5108.34463
+Puerto Rico,1967,2648961,Americas,71.1,6929.277714
+Puerto Rico,1972,2847132,Americas,72.16,9123.041742
+Puerto Rico,1977,3080828,Americas,73.44,9770.524921
+Puerto Rico,1982,3279001,Americas,73.75,10330.98915
+Puerto Rico,1987,3444468,Americas,74.63,12281.34191
+Puerto Rico,1992,3585176,Americas,73.911,14641.58711
+Puerto Rico,1997,3759430,Americas,74.917,16999.4333
+Puerto Rico,2002,3859606,Americas,77.778,18855.60618
+Puerto Rico,2007,3942491,Americas,78.746,19328.70901
+Reunion,1952,257700,Africa,52.724,2718.885295
+Reunion,1957,308700,Africa,55.09,2769.451844
+Reunion,1962,358900,Africa,57.666,3173.72334
+Reunion,1967,414024,Africa,60.542,4021.175739
+Reunion,1972,461633,Africa,64.274,5047.658563
+Reunion,1977,492095,Africa,67.064,4319.804067
+Reunion,1982,517810,Africa,69.885,5267.219353
+Reunion,1987,562035,Africa,71.913,5303.377488
+Reunion,1992,622191,Africa,73.615,6101.255823
+Reunion,1997,684810,Africa,74.772,6071.941411
+Reunion,2002,743981,Africa,75.744,6316.1652
+Reunion,2007,798094,Africa,76.442,7670.122558
+Romania,1952,16630000,Europe,61.05,3144.613186
+Romania,1957,17829327,Europe,64.1,3943.370225
+Romania,1962,18680721,Europe,66.8,4734.997586
+Romania,1967,19284814,Europe,66.8,6470.866545
+Romania,1972,20662648,Europe,69.21,8011.414402
+Romania,1977,21658597,Europe,69.46,9356.39724
+Romania,1982,22356726,Europe,69.66,9605.314053
+Romania,1987,22686371,Europe,69.53,9696.273295
+Romania,1992,22797027,Europe,69.36,6598.409903
+Romania,1997,22562458,Europe,69.72,7346.547557
+Romania,2002,22404337,Europe,71.322,7885.360081
+Romania,2007,22276056,Europe,72.476,10808.47561
+Rwanda,1952,2534927,Africa,40,493.3238752
+Rwanda,1957,2822082,Africa,41.5,540.2893983
+Rwanda,1962,3051242,Africa,43,597.4730727
+Rwanda,1967,3451079,Africa,44.1,510.9637142
+Rwanda,1972,3992121,Africa,44.6,590.5806638
+Rwanda,1977,4657072,Africa,45,670.0806011
+Rwanda,1982,5507565,Africa,46.218,881.5706467
+Rwanda,1987,6349365,Africa,44.02,847.991217
+Rwanda,1992,7290203,Africa,23.599,737.0685949
+Rwanda,1997,7212583,Africa,36.087,589.9445051
+Rwanda,2002,7852401,Africa,43.413,785.6537648
+Rwanda,2007,8860588,Africa,46.242,863.0884639
+Sao Tome and Principe,1952,60011,Africa,46.471,879.5835855
+Sao Tome and Principe,1957,61325,Africa,48.945,860.7369026
+Sao Tome and Principe,1962,65345,Africa,51.893,1071.551119
+Sao Tome and Principe,1967,70787,Africa,54.425,1384.840593
+Sao Tome and Principe,1972,76595,Africa,56.48,1532.985254
+Sao Tome and Principe,1977,86796,Africa,58.55,1737.561657
+Sao Tome and Principe,1982,98593,Africa,60.351,1890.218117
+Sao Tome and Principe,1987,110812,Africa,61.728,1516.525457
+Sao Tome and Principe,1992,125911,Africa,62.742,1428.777814
+Sao Tome and Principe,1997,145608,Africa,63.306,1339.076036
+Sao Tome and Principe,2002,170372,Africa,64.337,1353.09239
+Sao Tome and Principe,2007,199579,Africa,65.528,1598.435089
+Saudi Arabia,1952,4005677,Asia,39.875,6459.554823
+Saudi Arabia,1957,4419650,Asia,42.868,8157.591248
+Saudi Arabia,1962,4943029,Asia,45.914,11626.41975
+Saudi Arabia,1967,5618198,Asia,49.901,16903.04886
+Saudi Arabia,1972,6472756,Asia,53.886,24837.42865
+Saudi Arabia,1977,8128505,Asia,58.69,34167.7626
+Saudi Arabia,1982,11254672,Asia,63.012,33693.17525
+Saudi Arabia,1987,14619745,Asia,66.295,21198.26136
+Saudi Arabia,1992,16945857,Asia,68.768,24841.61777
+Saudi Arabia,1997,21229759,Asia,70.533,20586.69019
+Saudi Arabia,2002,24501530,Asia,71.626,19014.54118
+Saudi Arabia,2007,27601038,Asia,72.777,21654.83194
+Senegal,1952,2755589,Africa,37.278,1450.356983
+Senegal,1957,3054547,Africa,39.329,1567.653006
+Senegal,1962,3430243,Africa,41.454,1654.988723
+Senegal,1967,3965841,Africa,43.563,1612.404632
+Senegal,1972,4588696,Africa,45.815,1597.712056
+Senegal,1977,5260855,Africa,48.879,1561.769116
+Senegal,1982,6147783,Africa,52.379,1518.479984
+Senegal,1987,7171347,Africa,55.769,1441.72072
+Senegal,1992,8307920,Africa,58.196,1367.899369
+Senegal,1997,9535314,Africa,60.187,1392.368347
+Senegal,2002,10870037,Africa,61.6,1519.635262
+Senegal,2007,12267493,Africa,63.062,1712.472136
+Serbia,1952,6860147,Europe,57.996,3581.459448
+Serbia,1957,7271135,Europe,61.685,4981.090891
+Serbia,1962,7616060,Europe,64.531,6289.629157
+Serbia,1967,7971222,Europe,66.914,7991.707066
+Serbia,1972,8313288,Europe,68.7,10522.06749
+Serbia,1977,8686367,Europe,70.3,12980.66956
+Serbia,1982,9032824,Europe,70.162,15181.0927
+Serbia,1987,9230783,Europe,71.218,15870.87851
+Serbia,1992,9826397,Europe,71.659,9325.068238
+Serbia,1997,10336594,Europe,72.232,7914.320304
+Serbia,2002,10111559,Europe,73.213,7236.075251
+Serbia,2007,10150265,Europe,74.002,9786.534714
+Sierra Leone,1952,2143249,Africa,30.331,879.7877358
+Sierra Leone,1957,2295678,Africa,31.57,1004.484437
+Sierra Leone,1962,2467895,Africa,32.767,1116.639877
+Sierra Leone,1967,2662190,Africa,34.113,1206.043465
+Sierra Leone,1972,2879013,Africa,35.4,1353.759762
+Sierra Leone,1977,3140897,Africa,36.788,1348.285159
+Sierra Leone,1982,3464522,Africa,38.445,1465.010784
+Sierra Leone,1987,3868905,Africa,40.006,1294.447788
+Sierra Leone,1992,4260884,Africa,38.333,1068.696278
+Sierra Leone,1997,4578212,Africa,39.897,574.6481576
+Sierra Leone,2002,5359092,Africa,41.012,699.489713
+Sierra Leone,2007,6144562,Africa,42.568,862.5407561
+Singapore,1952,1127000,Asia,60.396,2315.138227
+Singapore,1957,1445929,Asia,63.179,2843.104409
+Singapore,1962,1750200,Asia,65.798,3674.735572
+Singapore,1967,1977600,Asia,67.946,4977.41854
+Singapore,1972,2152400,Asia,69.521,8597.756202
+Singapore,1977,2325300,Asia,70.795,11210.08948
+Singapore,1982,2651869,Asia,71.76,15169.16112
+Singapore,1987,2794552,Asia,73.56,18861.53081
+Singapore,1992,3235865,Asia,75.788,24769.8912
+Singapore,1997,3802309,Asia,77.158,33519.4766
+Singapore,2002,4197776,Asia,78.77,36023.1054
+Singapore,2007,4553009,Asia,79.972,47143.17964
+Slovak Republic,1952,3558137,Europe,64.36,5074.659104
+Slovak Republic,1957,3844277,Europe,67.45,6093.26298
+Slovak Republic,1962,4237384,Europe,70.33,7481.107598
+Slovak Republic,1967,4442238,Europe,70.98,8412.902397
+Slovak Republic,1972,4593433,Europe,70.35,9674.167626
+Slovak Republic,1977,4827803,Europe,70.45,10922.66404
+Slovak Republic,1982,5048043,Europe,70.8,11348.54585
+Slovak Republic,1987,5199318,Europe,71.08,12037.26758
+Slovak Republic,1992,5302888,Europe,71.38,9498.467723
+Slovak Republic,1997,5383010,Europe,72.71,12126.23065
+Slovak Republic,2002,5410052,Europe,73.8,13638.77837
+Slovak Republic,2007,5447502,Europe,74.663,18678.31435
+Slovenia,1952,1489518,Europe,65.57,4215.041741
+Slovenia,1957,1533070,Europe,67.85,5862.276629
+Slovenia,1962,1582962,Europe,69.15,7402.303395
+Slovenia,1967,1646912,Europe,69.18,9405.489397
+Slovenia,1972,1694510,Europe,69.82,12383.4862
+Slovenia,1977,1746919,Europe,70.97,15277.03017
+Slovenia,1982,1861252,Europe,71.063,17866.72175
+Slovenia,1987,1945870,Europe,72.25,18678.53492
+Slovenia,1992,1999210,Europe,73.64,14214.71681
+Slovenia,1997,2011612,Europe,75.13,17161.10735
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+Somalia,1952,2526994,Africa,32.978,1135.749842
+Somalia,1957,2780415,Africa,34.977,1258.147413
+Somalia,1962,3080153,Africa,36.981,1369.488336
+Somalia,1967,3428839,Africa,38.977,1284.73318
+Somalia,1972,3840161,Africa,40.973,1254.576127
+Somalia,1977,4353666,Africa,41.974,1450.992513
+Somalia,1982,5828892,Africa,42.955,1176.807031
+Somalia,1987,6921858,Africa,44.501,1093.244963
+Somalia,1992,6099799,Africa,39.658,926.9602964
+Somalia,1997,6633514,Africa,43.795,930.5964284
+Somalia,2002,7753310,Africa,45.936,882.0818218
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+South Africa,1952,14264935,Africa,45.009,4725.295531
+South Africa,1957,16151549,Africa,47.985,5487.104219
+South Africa,1962,18356657,Africa,49.951,5768.729717
+South Africa,1967,20997321,Africa,51.927,7114.477971
+South Africa,1972,23935810,Africa,53.696,7765.962636
+South Africa,1977,27129932,Africa,55.527,8028.651439
+South Africa,1982,31140029,Africa,58.161,8568.266228
+South Africa,1987,35933379,Africa,60.834,7825.823398
+South Africa,1992,39964159,Africa,61.888,7225.069258
+South Africa,1997,42835005,Africa,60.236,7479.188244
+South Africa,2002,44433622,Africa,53.365,7710.946444
+South Africa,2007,43997828,Africa,49.339,9269.657808
+Spain,1952,28549870,Europe,64.94,3834.034742
+Spain,1957,29841614,Europe,66.66,4564.80241
+Spain,1962,31158061,Europe,69.69,5693.843879
+Spain,1967,32850275,Europe,71.44,7993.512294
+Spain,1972,34513161,Europe,73.06,10638.75131
+Spain,1977,36439000,Europe,74.39,13236.92117
+Spain,1982,37983310,Europe,76.3,13926.16997
+Spain,1987,38880702,Europe,76.9,15764.98313
+Spain,1992,39549438,Europe,77.57,18603.06452
+Spain,1997,39855442,Europe,78.77,20445.29896
+Spain,2002,40152517,Europe,79.78,24835.47166
+Spain,2007,40448191,Europe,80.941,28821.0637
+Sri Lanka,1952,7982342,Asia,57.593,1083.53203
+Sri Lanka,1957,9128546,Asia,61.456,1072.546602
+Sri Lanka,1962,10421936,Asia,62.192,1074.47196
+Sri Lanka,1967,11737396,Asia,64.266,1135.514326
+Sri Lanka,1972,13016733,Asia,65.042,1213.39553
+Sri Lanka,1977,14116836,Asia,65.949,1348.775651
+Sri Lanka,1982,15410151,Asia,68.757,1648.079789
+Sri Lanka,1987,16495304,Asia,69.011,1876.766827
+Sri Lanka,1992,17587060,Asia,70.379,2153.739222
+Sri Lanka,1997,18698655,Asia,70.457,2664.477257
+Sri Lanka,2002,19576783,Asia,70.815,3015.378833
+Sri Lanka,2007,20378239,Asia,72.396,3970.095407
+Sudan,1952,8504667,Africa,38.635,1615.991129
+Sudan,1957,9753392,Africa,39.624,1770.337074
+Sudan,1962,11183227,Africa,40.87,1959.593767
+Sudan,1967,12716129,Africa,42.858,1687.997641
+Sudan,1972,14597019,Africa,45.083,1659.652775
+Sudan,1977,17104986,Africa,47.8,2202.988423
+Sudan,1982,20367053,Africa,50.338,1895.544073
+Sudan,1987,24725960,Africa,51.744,1507.819159
+Sudan,1992,28227588,Africa,53.556,1492.197043
+Sudan,1997,32160729,Africa,55.373,1632.210764
+Sudan,2002,37090298,Africa,56.369,1993.398314
+Sudan,2007,42292929,Africa,58.556,2602.394995
+Swaziland,1952,290243,Africa,41.407,1148.376626
+Swaziland,1957,326741,Africa,43.424,1244.708364
+Swaziland,1962,370006,Africa,44.992,1856.182125
+Swaziland,1967,420690,Africa,46.633,2613.101665
+Swaziland,1972,480105,Africa,49.552,3364.836625
+Swaziland,1977,551425,Africa,52.537,3781.410618
+Swaziland,1982,649901,Africa,55.561,3895.384018
+Swaziland,1987,779348,Africa,57.678,3984.839812
+Swaziland,1992,962344,Africa,58.474,3553.0224
+Swaziland,1997,1054486,Africa,54.289,3876.76846
+Swaziland,2002,1130269,Africa,43.869,4128.116943
+Swaziland,2007,1133066,Africa,39.613,4513.480643
+Sweden,1952,7124673,Europe,71.86,8527.844662
+Sweden,1957,7363802,Europe,72.49,9911.878226
+Sweden,1962,7561588,Europe,73.37,12329.44192
+Sweden,1967,7867931,Europe,74.16,15258.29697
+Sweden,1972,8122293,Europe,74.72,17832.02464
+Sweden,1977,8251648,Europe,75.44,18855.72521
+Sweden,1982,8325260,Europe,76.42,20667.38125
+Sweden,1987,8421403,Europe,77.19,23586.92927
+Sweden,1992,8718867,Europe,78.16,23880.01683
+Sweden,1997,8897619,Europe,79.39,25266.59499
+Sweden,2002,8954175,Europe,80.04,29341.63093
+Sweden,2007,9031088,Europe,80.884,33859.74835
+Switzerland,1952,4815000,Europe,69.62,14734.23275
+Switzerland,1957,5126000,Europe,70.56,17909.48973
+Switzerland,1962,5666000,Europe,71.32,20431.0927
+Switzerland,1967,6063000,Europe,72.77,22966.14432
+Switzerland,1972,6401400,Europe,73.78,27195.11304
+Switzerland,1977,6316424,Europe,75.39,26982.29052
+Switzerland,1982,6468126,Europe,76.21,28397.71512
+Switzerland,1987,6649942,Europe,77.41,30281.70459
+Switzerland,1992,6995447,Europe,78.03,31871.5303
+Switzerland,1997,7193761,Europe,79.37,32135.32301
+Switzerland,2002,7361757,Europe,80.62,34480.95771
+Switzerland,2007,7554661,Europe,81.701,37506.41907
+Syria,1952,3661549,Asia,45.883,1643.485354
+Syria,1957,4149908,Asia,48.284,2117.234893
+Syria,1962,4834621,Asia,50.305,2193.037133
+Syria,1967,5680812,Asia,53.655,1881.923632
+Syria,1972,6701172,Asia,57.296,2571.423014
+Syria,1977,7932503,Asia,61.195,3195.484582
+Syria,1982,9410494,Asia,64.59,3761.837715
+Syria,1987,11242847,Asia,66.974,3116.774285
+Syria,1992,13219062,Asia,69.249,3340.542768
+Syria,1997,15081016,Asia,71.527,4014.238972
+Syria,2002,17155814,Asia,73.053,4090.925331
+Syria,2007,19314747,Asia,74.143,4184.548089
+Taiwan,1952,8550362,Asia,58.5,1206.947913
+Taiwan,1957,10164215,Asia,62.4,1507.86129
+Taiwan,1962,11918938,Asia,65.2,1822.879028
+Taiwan,1967,13648692,Asia,67.5,2643.858681
+Taiwan,1972,15226039,Asia,69.39,4062.523897
+Taiwan,1977,16785196,Asia,70.59,5596.519826
+Taiwan,1982,18501390,Asia,72.16,7426.354774
+Taiwan,1987,19757799,Asia,73.4,11054.56175
+Taiwan,1992,20686918,Asia,74.26,15215.6579
+Taiwan,1997,21628605,Asia,75.25,20206.82098
+Taiwan,2002,22454239,Asia,76.99,23235.42329
+Taiwan,2007,23174294,Asia,78.4,28718.27684
+Tanzania,1952,8322925,Africa,41.215,716.6500721
+Tanzania,1957,9452826,Africa,42.974,698.5356073
+Tanzania,1962,10863958,Africa,44.246,722.0038073
+Tanzania,1967,12607312,Africa,45.757,848.2186575
+Tanzania,1972,14706593,Africa,47.62,915.9850592
+Tanzania,1977,17129565,Africa,49.919,962.4922932
+Tanzania,1982,19844382,Africa,50.608,874.2426069
+Tanzania,1987,23040630,Africa,51.535,831.8220794
+Tanzania,1992,26605473,Africa,50.44,825.682454
+Tanzania,1997,30686889,Africa,48.466,789.1862231
+Tanzania,2002,34593779,Africa,49.651,899.0742111
+Tanzania,2007,38139640,Africa,52.517,1107.482182
+Thailand,1952,21289402,Asia,50.848,757.7974177
+Thailand,1957,25041917,Asia,53.63,793.5774148
+Thailand,1962,29263397,Asia,56.061,1002.199172
+Thailand,1967,34024249,Asia,58.285,1295.46066
+Thailand,1972,39276153,Asia,60.405,1524.358936
+Thailand,1977,44148285,Asia,62.494,1961.224635
+Thailand,1982,48827160,Asia,64.597,2393.219781
+Thailand,1987,52910342,Asia,66.084,2982.653773
+Thailand,1992,56667095,Asia,67.298,4616.896545
+Thailand,1997,60216677,Asia,67.521,5852.625497
+Thailand,2002,62806748,Asia,68.564,5913.187529
+Thailand,2007,65068149,Asia,70.616,7458.396327
+Togo,1952,1219113,Africa,38.596,859.8086567
+Togo,1957,1357445,Africa,41.208,925.9083202
+Togo,1962,1528098,Africa,43.922,1067.53481
+Togo,1967,1735550,Africa,46.769,1477.59676
+Togo,1972,2056351,Africa,49.759,1649.660188
+Togo,1977,2308582,Africa,52.887,1532.776998
+Togo,1982,2644765,Africa,55.471,1344.577953
+Togo,1987,3154264,Africa,56.941,1202.201361
+Togo,1992,3747553,Africa,58.061,1034.298904
+Togo,1997,4320890,Africa,58.39,982.2869243
+Togo,2002,4977378,Africa,57.561,886.2205765
+Togo,2007,5701579,Africa,58.42,882.9699438
+Trinidad and Tobago,1952,662850,Americas,59.1,3023.271928
+Trinidad and Tobago,1957,764900,Americas,61.8,4100.3934
+Trinidad and Tobago,1962,887498,Americas,64.9,4997.523971
+Trinidad and Tobago,1967,960155,Americas,65.4,5621.368472
+Trinidad and Tobago,1972,975199,Americas,65.9,6619.551419
+Trinidad and Tobago,1977,1039009,Americas,68.3,7899.554209
+Trinidad and Tobago,1982,1116479,Americas,68.832,9119.528607
+Trinidad and Tobago,1987,1191336,Americas,69.582,7388.597823
+Trinidad and Tobago,1992,1183669,Americas,69.862,7370.990932
+Trinidad and Tobago,1997,1138101,Americas,69.465,8792.573126
+Trinidad and Tobago,2002,1101832,Americas,68.976,11460.60023
+Trinidad and Tobago,2007,1056608,Americas,69.819,18008.50924
+Tunisia,1952,3647735,Africa,44.6,1468.475631
+Tunisia,1957,3950849,Africa,47.1,1395.232468
+Tunisia,1962,4286552,Africa,49.579,1660.30321
+Tunisia,1967,4786986,Africa,52.053,1932.360167
+Tunisia,1972,5303507,Africa,55.602,2753.285994
+Tunisia,1977,6005061,Africa,59.837,3120.876811
+Tunisia,1982,6734098,Africa,64.048,3560.233174
+Tunisia,1987,7724976,Africa,66.894,3810.419296
+Tunisia,1992,8523077,Africa,70.001,4332.720164
+Tunisia,1997,9231669,Africa,71.973,4876.798614
+Tunisia,2002,9770575,Africa,73.042,5722.895655
+Tunisia,2007,10276158,Africa,73.923,7092.923025
+Turkey,1952,22235677,Europe,43.585,1969.10098
+Turkey,1957,25670939,Europe,48.079,2218.754257
+Turkey,1962,29788695,Europe,52.098,2322.869908
+Turkey,1967,33411317,Europe,54.336,2826.356387
+Turkey,1972,37492953,Europe,57.005,3450.69638
+Turkey,1977,42404033,Europe,59.507,4269.122326
+Turkey,1982,47328791,Europe,61.036,4241.356344
+Turkey,1987,52881328,Europe,63.108,5089.043686
+Turkey,1992,58179144,Europe,66.146,5678.348271
+Turkey,1997,63047647,Europe,68.835,6601.429915
+Turkey,2002,67308928,Europe,70.845,6508.085718
+Turkey,2007,71158647,Europe,71.777,8458.276384
+Uganda,1952,5824797,Africa,39.978,734.753484
+Uganda,1957,6675501,Africa,42.571,774.3710692
+Uganda,1962,7688797,Africa,45.344,767.2717398
+Uganda,1967,8900294,Africa,48.051,908.9185217
+Uganda,1972,10190285,Africa,51.016,950.735869
+Uganda,1977,11457758,Africa,50.35,843.7331372
+Uganda,1982,12939400,Africa,49.849,682.2662268
+Uganda,1987,15283050,Africa,51.509,617.7244065
+Uganda,1992,18252190,Africa,48.825,644.1707969
+Uganda,1997,21210254,Africa,44.578,816.559081
+Uganda,2002,24739869,Africa,47.813,927.7210018
+Uganda,2007,29170398,Africa,51.542,1056.380121
+United Kingdom,1952,50430000,Europe,69.18,9979.508487
+United Kingdom,1957,51430000,Europe,70.42,11283.17795
+United Kingdom,1962,53292000,Europe,70.76,12477.17707
+United Kingdom,1967,54959000,Europe,71.36,14142.85089
+United Kingdom,1972,56079000,Europe,72.01,15895.11641
+United Kingdom,1977,56179000,Europe,72.76,17428.74846
+United Kingdom,1982,56339704,Europe,74.04,18232.42452
+United Kingdom,1987,56981620,Europe,75.007,21664.78767
+United Kingdom,1992,57866349,Europe,76.42,22705.09254
+United Kingdom,1997,58808266,Europe,77.218,26074.53136
+United Kingdom,2002,59912431,Europe,78.471,29478.99919
+United Kingdom,2007,60776238,Europe,79.425,33203.26128
+United States,1952,157553000,Americas,68.44,13990.48208
+United States,1957,171984000,Americas,69.49,14847.12712
+United States,1962,186538000,Americas,70.21,16173.14586
+United States,1967,198712000,Americas,70.76,19530.36557
+United States,1972,209896000,Americas,71.34,21806.03594
+United States,1977,220239000,Americas,73.38,24072.63213
+United States,1982,232187835,Americas,74.65,25009.55914
+United States,1987,242803533,Americas,75.02,29884.35041
+United States,1992,256894189,Americas,76.09,32003.93224
+United States,1997,272911760,Americas,76.81,35767.43303
+United States,2002,287675526,Americas,77.31,39097.09955
+United States,2007,301139947,Americas,78.242,42951.65309
+Uruguay,1952,2252965,Americas,66.071,5716.766744
+Uruguay,1957,2424959,Americas,67.044,6150.772969
+Uruguay,1962,2598466,Americas,68.253,5603.357717
+Uruguay,1967,2748579,Americas,68.468,5444.61962
+Uruguay,1972,2829526,Americas,68.673,5703.408898
+Uruguay,1977,2873520,Americas,69.481,6504.339663
+Uruguay,1982,2953997,Americas,70.805,6920.223051
+Uruguay,1987,3045153,Americas,71.918,7452.398969
+Uruguay,1992,3149262,Americas,72.752,8137.004775
+Uruguay,1997,3262838,Americas,74.223,9230.240708
+Uruguay,2002,3363085,Americas,75.307,7727.002004
+Uruguay,2007,3447496,Americas,76.384,10611.46299
+Venezuela,1952,5439568,Americas,55.088,7689.799761
+Venezuela,1957,6702668,Americas,57.907,9802.466526
+Venezuela,1962,8143375,Americas,60.77,8422.974165
+Venezuela,1967,9709552,Americas,63.479,9541.474188
+Venezuela,1972,11515649,Americas,65.712,10505.25966
+Venezuela,1977,13503563,Americas,67.456,13143.95095
+Venezuela,1982,15620766,Americas,68.557,11152.41011
+Venezuela,1987,17910182,Americas,70.19,9883.584648
+Venezuela,1992,20265563,Americas,71.15,10733.92631
+Venezuela,1997,22374398,Americas,72.146,10165.49518
+Venezuela,2002,24287670,Americas,72.766,8605.047831
+Venezuela,2007,26084662,Americas,73.747,11415.80569
+Vietnam,1952,26246839,Asia,40.412,605.0664917
+Vietnam,1957,28998543,Asia,42.887,676.2854478
+Vietnam,1962,33796140,Asia,45.363,772.0491602
+Vietnam,1967,39463910,Asia,47.838,637.1232887
+Vietnam,1972,44655014,Asia,50.254,699.5016441
+Vietnam,1977,50533506,Asia,55.764,713.5371196
+Vietnam,1982,56142181,Asia,58.816,707.2357863
+Vietnam,1987,62826491,Asia,62.82,820.7994449
+Vietnam,1992,69940728,Asia,67.662,989.0231487
+Vietnam,1997,76048996,Asia,70.672,1385.896769
+Vietnam,2002,80908147,Asia,73.017,1764.456677
+Vietnam,2007,85262356,Asia,74.249,2441.576404
+West Bank and Gaza,1952,1030585,Asia,43.16,1515.592329
+West Bank and Gaza,1957,1070439,Asia,45.671,1827.067742
+West Bank and Gaza,1962,1133134,Asia,48.127,2198.956312
+West Bank and Gaza,1967,1142636,Asia,51.631,2649.715007
+West Bank and Gaza,1972,1089572,Asia,56.532,3133.409277
+West Bank and Gaza,1977,1261091,Asia,60.765,3682.831494
+West Bank and Gaza,1982,1425876,Asia,64.406,4336.032082
+West Bank and Gaza,1987,1691210,Asia,67.046,5107.197384
+West Bank and Gaza,1992,2104779,Asia,69.718,6017.654756
+West Bank and Gaza,1997,2826046,Asia,71.096,7110.667619
+West Bank and Gaza,2002,3389578,Asia,72.37,4515.487575
+West Bank and Gaza,2007,4018332,Asia,73.422,3025.349798
+Yemen Rep.,1952,4963829,Asia,32.548,781.7175761
+Yemen Rep.,1957,5498090,Asia,33.97,804.8304547
+Yemen Rep.,1962,6120081,Asia,35.18,825.6232006
+Yemen Rep.,1967,6740785,Asia,36.984,862.4421463
+Yemen Rep.,1972,7407075,Asia,39.848,1265.047031
+Yemen Rep.,1977,8403990,Asia,44.175,1829.765177
+Yemen Rep.,1982,9657618,Asia,49.113,1977.55701
+Yemen Rep.,1987,11219340,Asia,52.922,1971.741538
+Yemen Rep.,1992,13367997,Asia,55.599,1879.496673
+Yemen Rep.,1997,15826497,Asia,58.02,2117.484526
+Yemen Rep.,2002,18701257,Asia,60.308,2234.820827
+Yemen Rep.,2007,22211743,Asia,62.698,2280.769906
+Zambia,1952,2672000,Africa,42.038,1147.388831
+Zambia,1957,3016000,Africa,44.077,1311.956766
+Zambia,1962,3421000,Africa,46.023,1452.725766
+Zambia,1967,3900000,Africa,47.768,1777.077318
+Zambia,1972,4506497,Africa,50.107,1773.498265
+Zambia,1977,5216550,Africa,51.386,1588.688299
+Zambia,1982,6100407,Africa,51.821,1408.678565
+Zambia,1987,7272406,Africa,50.821,1213.315116
+Zambia,1992,8381163,Africa,46.1,1210.884633
+Zambia,1997,9417789,Africa,40.238,1071.353818
+Zambia,2002,10595811,Africa,39.193,1071.613938
+Zambia,2007,11746035,Africa,42.384,1271.211593
+Zimbabwe,1952,3080907,Africa,48.451,406.8841148
+Zimbabwe,1957,3646340,Africa,50.469,518.7642681
+Zimbabwe,1962,4277736,Africa,52.358,527.2721818
+Zimbabwe,1967,4995432,Africa,53.995,569.7950712
+Zimbabwe,1972,5861135,Africa,55.635,799.3621758
+Zimbabwe,1977,6642107,Africa,57.674,685.5876821
+Zimbabwe,1982,7636524,Africa,60.363,788.8550411
+Zimbabwe,1987,9216418,Africa,62.351,706.1573059
+Zimbabwe,1992,10704340,Africa,60.377,693.4207856
+Zimbabwe,1997,11404948,Africa,46.809,792.4499603
+Zimbabwe,2002,11926563,Africa,39.989,672.0386227
+Zimbabwe,2007,12311143,Africa,43.487,469.7092981
diff --git a/episodes/fig/data-frame.svg b/episodes/fig/data-frame.svg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b82230ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/episodes/fig/data-frame.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/episodes/fig/relative_root.png b/episodes/fig/relative_root.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4abaf51
Binary files /dev/null and b/episodes/fig/relative_root.png differ
diff --git a/episodes/fig/rstudio_project_files.jpeg b/episodes/fig/rstudio_project_files.jpeg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e6a62544
Binary files /dev/null and b/episodes/fig/rstudio_project_files.jpeg differ
diff --git a/renv/activate.R b/renv/activate.R
index 2969c732..ae7b01d3 100644
--- a/renv/activate.R
+++ b/renv/activate.R
@@ -1034,19 +1034,6 @@ local({
}
-
- renv_bootstrap_in_rstudio <- function() {
- commandArgs()[[1]] == "RStudio"
- }
-
- # Used to work around buglet in RStudio if hook uses readline
- renv_bootstrap_flush_console <- function() {
- tryCatch({
- tools <- as.environment("tools:rstudio")
- tools$.rs.api.sendToConsole("", echo = FALSE, focus = FALSE)
- }, error = function(cnd) {})
- }
-
renv_json_read <- function(file = NULL, text = NULL) {
jlerr <- NULL
@@ -1185,16 +1172,8 @@ local({
# construct full libpath
libpath <- file.path(root, prefix)
- if (renv_bootstrap_in_rstudio()) {
- # RStudio only updates console once .Rprofile is finished, so
- # instead run code on sessionInit
- setHook("rstudio.sessionInit", function(...) {
- renv_bootstrap_exec(project, libpath, version)
- renv_bootstrap_flush_console()
- })
- } else {
- renv_bootstrap_exec(project, libpath, version)
- }
+ # run bootstrap code
+ renv_bootstrap_exec(project, libpath, version)
invisible()
diff --git a/renv/profiles/lesson-requirements/renv.lock b/renv/profiles/lesson-requirements/renv.lock
index 0c50ce4c..52a0fc95 100644
--- a/renv/profiles/lesson-requirements/renv.lock
+++ b/renv/profiles/lesson-requirements/renv.lock
@@ -1214,6 +1214,28 @@
],
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@@ -1298,6 +1320,43 @@
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@@ -1368,6 +1427,37 @@
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@@ -1549,6 +1639,145 @@
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@@ -1601,6 +1830,37 @@
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@@ -1680,6 +1940,55 @@
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@@ -1704,6 +2013,17 @@
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