Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
445 lines (305 loc) · 7.68 KB

Ananthakrishnan_Python_basic-operators.md

File metadata and controls

445 lines (305 loc) · 7.68 KB
Raw

BASIC OPERATORS IN PYTHON

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

  • Arithmetic operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Comparison operators
  • Logical operators
  • Identity operators
  • Membership operators
  • Bitwise operators

1. Python Arithmetic Operators

Operator Name Example
+ Addition x + y
- Subtraction x - y
* Multiplication x * y
/ Division x / y
% Modulus x % y
** Exponentiation x ** y
Example:
  # Examples of Arithmetic Operator  
     a = 9
     b = 4

  # Addition of numbers  
   add = a + b  

  # Subtraction of numbers  
  sub = a - b  

  # Multiplication of number  
     mul = a * b  

  # Division(float) of number  
   div1 = a / b  
     
  # Division(floor) of number  
      div2 = a // b  

  # Modulo of both number  
       mod = a % b  

   # Power 
       p = a ** b 
   print(add)  
   print(sub)  
   print(mul)  
   print(div1)  
   print(mod) 
   print(div2)
   print(p)
Output:
      13
      5
      36
      2.25
      2
      1
      6561

2.Python Assignment Operators

Operator Example Same as
= x = 5 x = 5
+= x=x+5 x+=5
-= x-=5 x= x-5
/= x/=5 x = x/5
%= x%=5 x= x%5
//= x// = 5 x = x//5
//= x// = 5 x = x//5
**= x** = 5 x = x**5
&= x &= 5 x = x&5
|= x|= 5 x = x|5
//= x// = 5 x = x//5

3.Python Comparison Operators

Methods Name Example
== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x > y
< Less than x < y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
Example:
 # Examples of Comparison Operators 
 a = 13
 b = 33

# a > b is False 
print(a > b) 

# a < b is True 
print(a < b) 

# a == b is False 
print(a == b) 

# a != b is True 
print(a != b) 

# a >= b is False 
print(a >= b) 

# a <= b is True 
print(a <= b)
Output:
     False
     True
     False
     True
     False
     True

4.Python Logical Operators

Methods Description Example
and Returns True if both statements are true x < 5 and x < 10
or Returns True if one of the statements is true x < 5 or x < 4
not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true not(x < 5 and x < 10)
Example:
     # Examples of Logical Operator 
     a = True
     b = False

     # Print a and b is False 
     print(a and b) 

     # Print a or b is True 
     print(a or b) 

     # Print not a is False 
     print(not a)
Output:
     False
     True
     False

5.Python Identity Operators

Methods Description Example
is Returns True if both variables are the same object x is y
is not Returns True if both variables are not the same object x is not y
Example:
 # Examples of Identity operators 
a1 = 3
b1 = 3
a2 = 'hello'
b2 = 'hello'
a3 = [1,2,3] 
b3 = [1,2,3] 
print(a1 is not b1) 


print(a2 is b2) 

# Output is False, since lists are mutable. 
print(a3 is b3)
Output:
     False
     True
     False

6.Python Membership Operators

Methods Description Example
in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object x in y
not in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object x not in y
Example:
  # Examples of Membership operator 
  x = 'hello guys'
  y = {3:'a',4:'b'} 


  print('h' in x) 

  print('Hello' not in x) 

  print('hello' not in x) 

  print(3 in y)
Output:
  True
  True
  False
  True

7.Python Bitwise Operators

Methods Description Example
& ] AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
OR
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~ NOT Inverts all the bits
<< Zero fill left shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off
>> Signed right shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off
Example:
 # Examples of Bitwise operators 
 a = 10
 b = 4

 # Print bitwise AND operation   
 print(a & b) 

 # Print bitwise OR operation 
 print(a | b) 

 # Print bitwise NOT operation  
 print(~a) 

 # print bitwise XOR operation  
print(a ^ b) 

# print bitwise right shift operation  
print(a >> 2) 

# print bitwise left shift operation  
print(a << 2)
Output:
    0
   14
  -11
   14
   2
   40

Any All in Python

Any and All are two built ins provided in python used for successive And/Or.

Any

Returns true if any of the items is True. It returns False if empty or all are false. Any can be thought of as a sequence of OR operations on the provided iterables. It short circuit the execution i.e. stop the execution as soon as the result is known.

Syntax :
 any(list of iterables)
Example:
 # Since all are false, false is returned 
 print (any([False, False, False, False])) 

 # Here the method will short-circuit at the 
 # second item (True) and will return True. 
 print (any([False, True, False, False])) 

 # Here the method will short-circuit at the 
 # first (True) and will return True. 
 print (any([True, False, False, False]))
output:
 False
 True
 True

All Returns true if all of the items are True (or if the iterable is empty). All can be thought of as a sequence of AND operations on the provided iterables. It also short circuit the execution i.e. stop the execution as soon as the result is known.

Syntax :
all(list of iterables)
Example:
# Here all the iterables are True so all 
# will return True and the same will be printed 
print (all([True, True, True, True])) 

# Here the method will short-circuit at the  
# first item (False) and will return False. 
print (all([False, True, True, False])) 

# This statement will return False, as no 
# True is found in the iterables 
print (all([False, False, False]))
output:
 True
 False
 False