rust: support nightly channel

[viceice]

for renovate we need to support nightly channel

• rust: use channel file for download infos #2251
• Support Rust/Cargo constraints when updating artifacts renovatebot/renovate#24870

---

steps:

• override check_tool_requirements to support nightly as TOOL_VERSION
  

  base/src/usr/local/containerbase/tools/v2/git-lfs.sh

  Lines 3 to 5 in 8dc62a6

  	function check_tool_requirements () {
  	check_semver "$TOOL_VERSION" "all"
  	}

• Add an install test
  

  base/test/rust/Dockerfile

  Lines 49 to 50 in 8dc62a6

  	# renovate: datasource=docker versioning=docker
  	RUN install-tool rust 1.83.0