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<h3>Serial Console</h3>
<p>The Relay Trainer has a serial console port. A USB to TTL serial cable
using either the Prolific or FTDI conversion chips may be used.</p>
<p>The Windows driver for Prolific PL2303-based cables can be found <a
href="http://www.prolific.com.tw/US/ShowProduct.aspx?p_id=225&pcid=41">here</a>.</p>
<p>The Windows driver for FTDI-based cables can be found <a
href="http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/VCP.htm">here</a>.</p>
<p>I've found that the combination of these drivers and Windows
(particularly 64-bit Windows-7) is somewhat buggy. If the you find that
your system hangs or that you get BSOD, try plugging the cable into a
different USB slot, or through a USB hub. I've generally not had problems
with the open-source drivers provided with Linux.</p>
<p>There are several styles of connectors available on these cables. This
is how to connect them to the relay computer:</p>
<center><img src="prolific.gif"></center>
<br>
<center><img src="ftdi.gif"></center>
<p>I recommend that you use <a href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html">PuTTY</a>
as the terminal emulator for Windows, or Minicom for Linux.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, PuTTY does not provide a drop-down list of available COM
ports, so you have to find the COM port for the USB to TTL serial conversion
cable by looking at Control Panel => Device Manager</p>
<center><img src="devicemanager.gif"></center>
<p>Although the very first time you plug the USB to serial cable
into the machine you'll see a balloon tip with the COM port:</p>
<center><img src="tip.gif"></center>
<p>When you start PuTTY, its configuration screen is shown. Make sure
"Session" is selected on the left side, if you don't see this screen. It
should be configured as follows. Select "Serial" for connection type, then
type in the COM port of the USB to TTL serial cable and leave the BAUD rate
set at 9600.</p>
<center><img src="putty-setup.gif"></center>
<p>Under serial settings (select on the left), select XON/XOFF flow control.
Finally click Open to start the terminal emulator.</p>
<center><img src="putty-setup1.gif"></center>
<p>Once the cable is connected and the Relay Trainer is powered on, you
should see the following on the terminal emulator. Type 'h' to get a list
of commands:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
Relay Computer READY
>
><b>h</b>
help Show this help text
h Show this help text
s Step one instruction
g [hh] Go (at current or address hh)
j hh Jump to address hh
d Hex dump
r Show registers
speed h Set speed 0 - F
clear Clear memory
save Save memory to EEPROM
load Load memory from EEPROM
t [on|off] Turn tracing on / off
b [hhhh] Set/Clear breakpoint
a hhhh Assemble
clr Clear symbol table
sy Show symbol table
u hhhh Unassemble
v expr Evaluate expression
aa: hh hh ... Load memory with hex data
>
</code></pre>
<p>Here are some of the things which can be done through the serial
port:</p>
<p>Show hexadecimal dump of the memory:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
><b>d</b>
00: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
08: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
10: 48009000 4800e901 0062011a 08000002 08e00102 00660218 08e00100 4018ff12
18: 08e00001 4018ff12 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
20: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
28: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
30: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
38: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
40: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
48: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
50: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
58: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
60: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
68: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
70: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
78: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
80: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
88: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
90: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
98: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
a0: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
a8: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
b0: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
b8: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
c0: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
c8: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
d0: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
d8: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
e0: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
e8: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
f0: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
f8: c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00 c810ff00
>
</code></pre>
<p>Show the registers:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
><b>r</b>
From relays:
PC = 00
Write data = ff
To relays:
Current insn = c810ff00
A data = ff
B data = 00
Current speed = 5
>
</code></pre>
<p>Use the built-in assembler to enter an a program from assembly language
source code:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
><b>a 40</b>
40: <b>st #-8, 0</b>
41: <b>loop incjne 0, loop</b>
Adding fixup
Undefined symbol
Fixup at 41
42: <b>halt</b>
43:
</code></pre>
<p>Note: hit Ctrl-C to exit the assembler. You should type <b>sy</b> to verify
that there are no remaining undefined symbols after assembly is complete.
Use the <b>clr</b> command to clear the symbol table in preparation for
assembling a new program.</p>
<p>Use the built-in dis-assembler to check the program just entered:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
><b>u 40</b>
40 4800_f800 st #0xf8, 0x00
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41
42 c810_ff00 halt
43 c810_ff00 halt
44 c810_ff00 halt
45 c810_ff00 halt
46 c810_ff00 halt
47 c810_ff00 halt
48 c810_ff00 halt
49 c810_ff00 halt
4a c810_ff00 halt
4b c810_ff00 halt
4c c810_ff00 halt
4d c810_ff00 halt
4e c810_ff00 halt
4f c810_ff00 halt
50 c810_ff00 halt
51 c810_ff00 halt
52 c810_ff00 halt
53 c810_ff00 halt
54 c810_ff00 halt
55 c810_ff00 halt
>
</code></pre>
<p>The <b>sy</b> command can be used to show the symbol table used by the
assembler:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
><b>sy</b>
loop = 41
Symbol table size b
</code></pre>
<p>There are only 256 bytes available for the symbol table. The built-in
assembler is a one-pass assembler, which means forward references also take
up space in the symbol table.</p>
<p>Instruction tracing can be enabled, so that you can watch what the relay
computer is doing while a program is running:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
><b>t on</b>
><b>g 40</b>
40 4800_f800 st #0xf8, 0x00 B[00] <- f8
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- f9 PC <- 41
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- fa PC <- 41
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- fb PC <- 41
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- fc PC <- 41
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- fd PC <- 41
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- fe PC <- 41
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- ff PC <- 41
41 802a_0041 incjne 0x00, 0x41 A[00] <- 00
>
</code></pre>
<p>You can select a hex-dump from a program listing and paste it into the
terminal emulator to load an assembled program into the memory- in this case
the LFSR example program:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
>00: 00000001
>02: 00000009
>03: 00000080
>05: 84081d10
>06: 802a0305
>07: c810ff00
>10: 08000001
>11: 08900101
>12: 08900101
>13: 08900101
>14: 49800301
>15: 0062011a
>16: 48e00101
>17: 0062011c
>18: 48e00101
>19: 0062011c
>1a: 08a00000
>1b: 4018ff1d
>1c: 08800000
>1d: 4018ff00
>
</code></pre>
<p>Then execute it:</p>
<pre style="font-family: Andale Mono, Lucida Console, Monaco, fixed,
monospace; color: #000000; background-color: #eee;font-size: 12px;border:
1px dashed #999999;line-height: 14px;padding: 5px; overflow: auto; width:
100%"><code>
><b>g 5</b>
05 8408_1d10 jsr 0x1d, 0x10 A[1d] <- 06 PC <- 10
10 0800_0001 st 0x00, 0x01 B[01] <- 01
11 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 02
12 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 04
13 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 08
14 4980_0301 andto #0x03, 0x01 B[01] <- 00
15 0062_011a jeq 0x01, 0x1a PC <- 1a
1a 08a0_0000 asl 0x00 B[00] <- 03
1b 4018_ff1d jmp 0x1d PC <- 1d
1d 4018_ff06 jmp 0x06 PC <- 06
06 802a_0305 incjne 0x03, 0x05 A[03] <- 81 PC <- 05
05 8408_1d10 jsr 0x1d, 0x10 A[1d] <- 06 PC <- 10
10 0800_0001 st 0x00, 0x01 B[01] <- 03
11 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 06
12 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 0c
13 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 18
14 4980_0301 andto #0x03, 0x01 B[01] <- 00
15 0062_011a jeq 0x01, 0x1a PC <- 1a
1a 08a0_0000 asl 0x00 B[00] <- 07
1b 4018_ff1d jmp 0x1d PC <- 1d
1d 4018_ff06 jmp 0x06 PC <- 06
06 802a_0305 incjne 0x03, 0x05 A[03] <- 82 PC <- 05
05 8408_1d10 jsr 0x1d, 0x10 A[1d] <- 06 PC <- 10
10 0800_0001 st 0x00, 0x01 B[01] <- 07
11 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 0e
12 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 1c
13 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 38
14 4980_0301 andto #0x03, 0x01 B[01] <- 00
15 0062_011a jeq 0x01, 0x1a PC <- 1a
1a 08a0_0000 asl 0x00 B[00] <- 0f
1b 4018_ff1d jmp 0x1d PC <- 1d
1d 4018_ff06 jmp 0x06 PC <- 06
06 802a_0305 incjne 0x03, 0x05 A[03] <- 83 PC <- 05
05 8408_1d10 jsr 0x1d, 0x10 A[1d] <- 06 PC <- 10
10 0800_0001 st 0x00, 0x01 B[01] <- 0f
11 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 1e
12 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 3c
13 0890_0101 rol 0x01 B[01] <- 78
>
</code></pre>