Remove Ubuntu 20.04 and add 24.04 support

[MNikoliCC]

Description
This pull-request focuses on removing support for Ubuntu 20.04 and adding support for Ubuntu 24.04. This involves updating dependencies, testing compatibility, and ensuring smooth packaging for the newer distribution.

Tasks
Add the list of tasks of this PR.

• Update the changelog
• Update the documentation
• Remove Ubuntu 20.04-specific dependencies and configurations.
• Add Ubuntu 24.04 support in scripts and packaging workflows.
• Test and validate compatibility with Ubuntu 24.04.
• Update CI/CD pipelines for Ubuntu 24.04.

Additional context
This update transitions Webots to the latest supported LTS versions of Ubuntu. While dropping 20.04, the focus is on enhancing compatibility and functionality for users adopting Ubuntu 24.04. This ensures alignment with modern software ecosystems and provides access to newer libraries and features.

The packages: "libHalf-2_5.so.25", "libIexMath-2_5.so.25" and "libIlmImf-2_5.so.25" are missing on Ubuntu 24.04 but the tests are passing.

webots/scripts/packaging/linux_distro.py

Lines 51 to 55 in d5402db

	"libHalf-2_5.so.25",
	"libIex-2_5.so.25",
	"libIexMath-2_5.so.25",
	"libIlmThread-2_5.so.25",
	"libIlmImf-2_5.so.25",

[lukicdarkoo]

In general it looks good, there is one issue I noticed.

Please also check once more the following PR as a reference:
#4502

[lukicdarkoo]

Looks good, thank you