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teststl.cpp
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/*
* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
* Copyright (C) 2007-2025 Cppcheck team.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "checkstl.h"
#include "errortypes.h"
#include "fixture.h"
#include "helpers.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "standards.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include <cstddef>
#include <string>
class TestStl : public TestFixture {
public:
TestStl() : TestFixture("TestStl") {}
private:
/*const*/ Settings settings = settingsBuilder().severity(Severity::warning).severity(Severity::style).severity(Severity::performance).library("std.cfg").build();
void run() override {
TEST_CASE(outOfBounds);
TEST_CASE(outOfBoundsSymbolic);
TEST_CASE(outOfBoundsIndexExpression);
TEST_CASE(outOfBoundsIterator);
TEST_CASE(iterator1);
TEST_CASE(iterator2);
TEST_CASE(iterator3);
TEST_CASE(iterator4);
TEST_CASE(iterator5);
TEST_CASE(iterator6);
TEST_CASE(iterator7);
TEST_CASE(iterator8);
TEST_CASE(iterator9);
TEST_CASE(iterator10);
TEST_CASE(iterator11);
TEST_CASE(iterator12);
TEST_CASE(iterator13);
TEST_CASE(iterator14); // #8191
TEST_CASE(iterator15); // #8341
TEST_CASE(iterator16);
TEST_CASE(iterator17);
TEST_CASE(iterator18);
TEST_CASE(iterator19);
TEST_CASE(iterator20);
TEST_CASE(iterator21);
TEST_CASE(iterator22);
TEST_CASE(iterator23);
TEST_CASE(iterator24);
TEST_CASE(iterator25); // #9742
TEST_CASE(iterator26); // #9176
TEST_CASE(iterator27); // #10378
TEST_CASE(iterator28); // #10450
TEST_CASE(iterator29);
TEST_CASE(iterator30);
TEST_CASE(iterator31);
TEST_CASE(iteratorExpression);
TEST_CASE(iteratorSameExpression);
TEST_CASE(mismatchingContainerIterator);
TEST_CASE(eraseIteratorOutOfBounds);
TEST_CASE(dereference);
TEST_CASE(dereference_break); // #3644 - handle "break"
TEST_CASE(dereference_member);
TEST_CASE(STLSize);
TEST_CASE(STLSizeNoErr);
TEST_CASE(negativeIndex);
TEST_CASE(negativeIndexMultiline);
TEST_CASE(erase1);
TEST_CASE(erase2);
TEST_CASE(erase3);
TEST_CASE(erase4);
TEST_CASE(erase5);
TEST_CASE(erase6);
TEST_CASE(eraseBreak);
TEST_CASE(eraseContinue);
TEST_CASE(eraseReturn1);
TEST_CASE(eraseReturn2);
TEST_CASE(eraseReturn3);
TEST_CASE(eraseGoto);
TEST_CASE(eraseAssign1);
TEST_CASE(eraseAssign2);
TEST_CASE(eraseAssign3);
TEST_CASE(eraseAssign4);
TEST_CASE(eraseAssignByFunctionCall);
TEST_CASE(eraseErase);
TEST_CASE(eraseByValue);
TEST_CASE(eraseIf);
TEST_CASE(eraseOnVector);
TEST_CASE(pushback1);
TEST_CASE(pushback2);
TEST_CASE(pushback3);
TEST_CASE(pushback4);
TEST_CASE(pushback5);
TEST_CASE(pushback6);
TEST_CASE(pushback7);
TEST_CASE(pushback8);
TEST_CASE(pushback9);
TEST_CASE(pushback10);
TEST_CASE(pushback11);
TEST_CASE(pushback12);
TEST_CASE(pushback13);
TEST_CASE(insert1);
TEST_CASE(insert2);
TEST_CASE(popback1);
TEST_CASE(stlBoundaries1);
TEST_CASE(stlBoundaries2);
TEST_CASE(stlBoundaries3);
TEST_CASE(stlBoundaries4); // #4364
TEST_CASE(stlBoundaries5); // #4352
TEST_CASE(stlBoundaries6); // #7106
// if (str.find("ab"))
TEST_CASE(if_find);
TEST_CASE(if_str_find);
TEST_CASE(size1);
TEST_CASE(size2);
TEST_CASE(size3);
TEST_CASE(size4); // #2652 - don't warn about vector/deque
// Redundant conditions..
// if (ints.find(123) != ints.end()) ints.remove(123);
TEST_CASE(redundantCondition1);
// missing inner comparison when incrementing iterator inside loop
TEST_CASE(missingInnerComparison1);
TEST_CASE(missingInnerComparison2); // no FP when there is comparison
TEST_CASE(missingInnerComparison3); // no FP when there is iterator shadowing
TEST_CASE(missingInnerComparison4); // no FP when "break;" is used
TEST_CASE(missingInnerComparison5); // Ticket #2154 - FP
TEST_CASE(missingInnerComparison6); // #2643 - 'it=foo.insert(++it,0);'
// catch common problems when using the string::c_str() function
TEST_CASE(cstr);
TEST_CASE(uselessCalls);
TEST_CASE(stabilityOfChecks); // #4684 cppcheck crash in template function call
TEST_CASE(dereferenceInvalidIterator);
TEST_CASE(dereferenceInvalidIterator2); // #6572
TEST_CASE(dereference_auto);
TEST_CASE(loopAlgoElementAssign);
TEST_CASE(loopAlgoAccumulateAssign);
TEST_CASE(loopAlgoContainerInsert);
TEST_CASE(loopAlgoIncrement);
TEST_CASE(loopAlgoConditional);
TEST_CASE(loopAlgoMinMax);
TEST_CASE(loopAlgoMultipleReturn);
TEST_CASE(invalidContainer);
TEST_CASE(invalidContainerLoop);
TEST_CASE(findInsert);
TEST_CASE(checkKnownEmptyContainer);
TEST_CASE(checkMutexes);
}
struct CheckOptions
{
CheckOptions() = default;
bool inconclusive = false;
Standards::cppstd_t cppstandard = Standards::CPPLatest;
};
#define check(...) check_(__FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
template<size_t size>
void check_(const char* file, int line, const char (&code)[size], const CheckOptions& options = make_default_obj()) {
const Settings settings1 = settingsBuilder(settings).certainty(Certainty::inconclusive, options.inconclusive).cpp(options.cppstandard).build();
// Tokenize..
SimpleTokenizer tokenizer(settings1, *this);
ASSERT_LOC(tokenizer.tokenize(code), file, line);
runChecks<CheckStl>(tokenizer, this);
}
// TODO: get rid of this
void check_(const char* file, int line, const std::string& code) {
// Tokenize..
SimpleTokenizer tokenizer(settings, *this);
ASSERT_LOC(tokenizer.tokenize(code), file, line);
runChecks<CheckStl>(tokenizer, this);
}
#define checkNormal(code) checkNormal_(code, __FILE__, __LINE__)
template<size_t size>
void checkNormal_(const char (&code)[size], const char* file, int line) {
// Tokenize..
SimpleTokenizer tokenizer(settings, *this);
ASSERT_LOC(tokenizer.tokenize(code), file, line);
// Check..
runChecks<CheckStl>(tokenizer, this);
}
void outOfBounds() {
setMultiline();
checkNormal("bool f(const int a, const int b)\n" // #8648
"{\n"
" std::cout << a << b;\n"
" return true;\n"
"}\n"
"void f(const std::vector<int> &v)\n"
"{\n"
" if(v.size() >=2 &&\n"
" bar(v[2], v[3]) )\n" // v[3] is accessed
" {;}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:9:warning:Either the condition 'v.size()>=2' is redundant or size of 'v' can be 2. Expression 'v[2]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:8:note:condition 'v.size()>=2'\n"
"test.cpp:9:note:Access out of bounds\n"
"test.cpp:9:warning:Either the condition 'v.size()>=2' is redundant or size of 'v' can be 2. Expression 'v[3]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:8:note:condition 'v.size()>=2'\n"
"test.cpp:9:note:Access out of bounds\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" s[10] = 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in expression 's[10]' because 's' is empty.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f() {\n"
" std::string s = \"abcd\";\n"
" s[10] = 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in 's[10]', if 's' size is 4 and '10' is 10\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" v.front();\n"
" if (v.empty()) {}\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:2:warning:Either the condition 'v.empty()' is redundant or expression 'v.front()' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:3:note:condition 'v.empty()'\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:Access out of bounds\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" if (v.size() == 3) {}\n"
" v[16] = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:warning:Either the condition 'v.size()==3' is redundant or size of 'v' can be 3. Expression 'v[16]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:condition 'v.size()==3'\n"
"test.cpp:3:note:Access out of bounds\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" int i = 16;\n"
" if (v.size() == 3) {\n"
" v[i] = 0;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:warning:Either the condition 'v.size()==3' is redundant or size of 'v' can be 3. Expression 'v[i]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:3:note:condition 'v.size()==3'\n"
"test.cpp:4:note:Access out of bounds\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int> v, int i) {\n"
" if (v.size() == 3 || i == 16) {}\n"
" v[i] = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::map<int,int> x) {\n"
" if (x.empty()) { x[1] = 2; }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::string s) {\n"
" if (s.size() == 1) {\n"
" s[2] = 0;\n"
" }\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:warning:Either the condition 's.size()==1' is redundant or size of 's' can be 1. Expression 's[2]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:condition 's.size()==1'\n"
"test.cpp:3:note:Access out of bounds\n", errout_str());
// Do not crash
checkNormal("void a() {\n"
" std::string b[];\n"
" for (auto c : b)\n"
" c.data();\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("std::string f(std::string x) {\n"
" if (x.empty()) return {};\n"
" x[0];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("std::string f(std::string x) {\n"
" if (x.empty()) return std::string{};\n"
" x[0];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" x = s.begin() + 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in expression 's.begin()+1' because 's' is empty.\n"
"test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in expression 's.begin()+1' because 's' is empty.\n", // duplicate
errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(int x) {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" auto it = s.begin() + x;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in expression 's.begin()+x' because 's' is empty and 'x' may be non-zero.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("char fstr1(){const std::string s = \"<a><b>\"; return s[42]; }\n"
"wchar_t fwstr1(){const std::wstring s = L\"<a><b>\"; return s[42]; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:1:error:Out of bounds access in 's[42]', if 's' size is 6 and '42' is 42\n"
"test.cpp:2:error:Out of bounds access in 's[42]', if 's' size is 6 and '42' is 42\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("char fstr1(){const std::string s = \"<a><b>\"; return s[1]; }\n"
"wchar_t fwstr1(){const std::wstring s = L\"<a><b>\"; return s[1]; }");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" std::vector<int> * pv = &v;\n"
" return (*pv)[42];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in expression '(*pv)[42]' because '*pv' is empty.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" ++abc[s];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
// # 9274
checkNormal("char f(bool b) {\n"
" const std::string s = \"<a><b>\";\n"
" int x = 6;\n"
" if(b) ++x;\n"
" return s[x];\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:5:error:Out of bounds access in 's[x]', if 's' size is 6 and 'x' is 6\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f() {\n"
" static const int N = 4;\n"
" std::array<int, N> x;\n"
" x[0] = 0;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(bool b) {\n"
" std::vector<int> x;\n"
" if (b)\n"
" x.push_back(1);\n"
" if (x.size() < 2)\n"
" return;\n"
" x[0] = 2;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(bool b) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" if(v.at(b?42:0)) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in expression 'v.at(b?42:0)' because 'v' is empty.\n",
errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int> v, bool b){\n"
" if (v.size() == 1)\n"
" if(v.at(b?42:0)) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"test.cpp:3:warning:Either the condition 'v.size()==1' is redundant or size of 'v' can be 1. Expression 'v.at(b?42:0)' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:condition 'v.size()==1'\n"
"test.cpp:3:note:Access out of bounds\n",
errout_str());
check("struct T {\n"
" std::vector<int>* v;\n"
"};\n"
"struct S {\n"
" T t;\n"
"};\n"
"long g(S& s);\n"
"int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> ArrS;\n"
" S s = { { &ArrS } };\n"
" g(s);\n"
" return ArrS[0];\n"
"}\n", dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
check("struct T {\n"
" std::vector<int>* v;\n"
"};\n"
"struct S {\n"
" std::vector<T> t;\n"
"};\n"
"long g(S& s);\n"
"int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> ArrS;\n"
" S s = { { { &ArrS } } };\n"
" g(s);\n"
" return ArrS[0];\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
check("struct T {\n"
" std::vector<int>* v;\n"
"};\n"
"struct S {\n"
" std::vector<std::vector<T>> t;\n"
"};\n"
"long g(S& s);\n"
"int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> ArrS;\n"
" S s = { { { { &ArrS } } } };\n"
" g(s);\n"
" return ArrS[0];\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
check("struct T {\n"
" std::vector<int>* v;\n"
"};\n"
"struct S {\n"
" T t;\n"
"};\n"
"long g(S& s);\n"
"int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> ArrS;\n"
" S s { { &ArrS } };\n"
" g(s);\n"
" return ArrS[0];\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
check("struct T {\n"
" std::vector<int>* v;\n"
"};\n"
"struct S {\n"
" std::vector<T> t;\n"
"};\n"
"long g(S& s);\n"
"int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> ArrS;\n"
" S s { { { &ArrS } } };\n"
" g(s);\n"
" return ArrS[0];\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
check("struct T {\n"
" std::vector<int>* v;\n"
"};\n"
"struct S {\n"
" std::vector<std::vector<T>> t;\n"
"};\n"
"long g(S& s);\n"
"int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> ArrS;\n"
" S s { { { { &ArrS } } } };\n"
" g(s);\n"
" return ArrS[0];\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("extern void Bar(const double, const double);\n"
"void f(std::vector<double> &r, const double ) {\n"
" std::vector<double> result;\n"
" double d = 0.0;\n"
" const double inc = 0.1;\n"
" for(unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {\n"
" result.push_back(d);\n"
" d = (i + 1) * inc;\n"
" }\n"
" Bar(1.0, d);\n"
" Bar(10U, result.size());\n"
" Bar(0.0, result[0]);\n"
" Bar(0.34, result[1]);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(size_t entries) {\n"
" std::vector<uint8_t> v;\n"
" if (v.size() < entries + 2)\n"
" v.resize(entries + 2);\n"
" v[0] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(size_t entries) {\n"
" std::vector<uint8_t> v;\n"
" if (v.size() < entries)\n"
" v.resize(entries);\n"
" v[0] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:5:error:Out of bounds access in expression 'v[0]' because 'v' is empty.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(size_t entries) {\n"
" if (entries < 2) return;\n"
" std::vector<uint8_t> v;\n"
" if (v.size() < entries)\n"
" v.resize(entries);\n"
" v[0] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(size_t entries) {\n"
" if (entries == 0) return;\n"
" std::vector<uint8_t> v;\n"
" if (v.size() < entries)\n"
" v.resize(entries);\n"
" v[0] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void foo(std::vector<int>* PArr, int n) {\n"
" std::vector<int> Arr;\n"
" if (!PArr)\n"
" PArr = &Arr;\n"
" PArr->resize(n);\n"
" for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)\n"
" (*PArr)[i] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" std::vector<int> * pv = &v;\n"
" return (*pv).at(42);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in expression '(*pv).at(42)' because '*pv' is empty.\n",
errout_str());
checkNormal("std::string f(const char* DirName) {\n"
" if (DirName == nullptr)\n"
" return {};\n"
" std::string Name{ DirName };\n"
" if (!Name.empty() && Name.back() != '\\\\')\n"
" Name += '\\\\';\n"
" return Name;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("bool f(bool b) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" if (b)\n"
" v.push_back(0);\n"
" for(auto i:v)\n"
" if (v[i] > 0)\n"
" return true;\n"
" return false;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:5:style:Consider using std::any_of algorithm instead of a raw loop.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("std::vector<int> range(int n);\n"
"bool f(bool b) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" if (b)\n"
" v.push_back(1);\n"
" assert(range(v.size()).size() == v.size());\n"
" for(auto i:range(v.size()))\n"
" if (v[i] > 0)\n"
" return true;\n"
" return false;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:7:style:Consider using std::any_of algorithm instead of a raw loop.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("bool g();\n"
"int f(int x) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" if (g())\n"
" v.emplace_back(x);\n"
" const auto n = (int)v.size();\n"
" for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)\n"
" if (v[i] > 0)\n"
" return i;\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:8:style:Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("bool g();\n"
"int f(int x) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" if (g())\n"
" v.emplace_back(x);\n"
" const auto n = static_cast<int>(v.size());\n"
" for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)\n"
" if (v[i] > 0)\n"
" return i;\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:8:style:Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("bool g();\n"
"void f(int x) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" if (g())\n"
" v.emplace_back(x);\n"
" const int n = v.size();\n"
" h(n);\n"
" for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)\n"
" h(v[i]);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void foo(const std::vector<int> &v) {\n"
" if(v.size() >=1 && v[0] == 4 && v[1] == 2){}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:2:warning:Either the condition 'v.size()>=1' is redundant or size of 'v' can be 1. Expression 'v[1]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:condition 'v.size()>=1'\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:Access out of bounds\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("int f(int x, int y) {\n"
" std::vector<int> a = {0,1,2};\n"
" if(x<2)\n"
" y = a[x] + 1;\n"
" else\n"
" y = a[x];\n"
" return y;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"test.cpp:6:warning:Either the condition 'x<2' is redundant or 'x' can have the value greater or equal to 3. Expression 'a[x]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:3:note:condition 'x<2'\n"
"test.cpp:6:note:Access out of bounds\n",
errout_str());
checkNormal("int f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" if (v.size() > 3)\n"
" return v[v.size() - 3];\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int> v) {\n"
" v[v.size() - 1];\n"
" if (v.size() == 1) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(int n) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n"
" const int i = qMin(n, v.size());\n"
" if (i > 1)\n"
" v[i] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int>& v, int i) {\n"
" if (i > -1) {\n"
" v.erase(v.begin() + i);\n"
" if (v.empty()) {}\n"
" }\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void g(const char *, ...) { exit(1); }\n" // #10025
"void f(const char c[]) {\n"
" std::vector<int> v = get();\n"
" if (v.empty())\n"
" g(\"\", c[0]);\n"
" return h(&v[0], v.size()); \n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(int i, std::vector<int> v) {\n" // #9157
" if (i <= (int)v.size()) {\n"
" if (v[i]) {}\n"
" }\n"
" if (i <= static_cast<int>(v.size())) {\n"
" if (v[i]) {}\n"
" }\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:warning:Either the condition 'i<=(int)v.size()' is redundant or 'i' can have the value v.size(). Expression 'v[i]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:condition 'i<=(int)v.size()'\n"
"test.cpp:3:note:Access out of bounds\n"
"test.cpp:6:warning:Either the condition 'i<=static_cast<int>(v.size())' is redundant or 'i' can have the value v.size(). Expression 'v[i]' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:5:note:condition 'i<=static_cast<int>(v.size())'\n"
"test.cpp:6:note:Access out of bounds\n",
errout_str());
check("template<class Iterator>\n"
"void b(Iterator d) {\n"
" std::string c = \"a\";\n"
" d + c.length();\n"
"}\n"
"void f() {\n"
" std::string buf;\n"
" b(buf.begin());\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in expression 'd+c.length()' because 'buf' is empty.\n",
errout_str());
check("template<class Iterator>\n"
"void b(Iterator d) {\n"
" std::string c = \"a\";\n"
" sort(d, d + c.length());\n"
"}\n"
"void f() {\n"
" std::string buf;\n"
" b(buf.begin());\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
check("int f(const std::vector<int> &v) {\n"
" return !v.empty() ? 42 : v.back();\n"
"}\n",
dinit(CheckOptions, $.inconclusive = true));
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"test.cpp:2:warning:Either the condition 'v.empty()' is redundant or expression 'v.back()' causes access out of bounds.\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:condition 'v.empty()'\n"
"test.cpp:2:note:Access out of bounds\n",
errout_str());
check("std::vector<int> g() {\n" // #10779
" std::vector<int> v(10);\n"
" for(int i = 0; i <= 10; ++i)\n"
" v[i] = 42;\n"
" return v;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in 'v[i]', if 'v' size is 10 and 'i' is 10\n",
errout_str());
check("void f() {\n"
" int s = 2;\n"
" std::vector <int> v(s);\n"
" v[100] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in 'v[100]', if 'v' size is 2 and '100' is 100\n",
errout_str());
check("void f() {\n"
" std::vector <int> v({ 1, 2, 3 });\n"
" v[100] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in 'v[100]', if 'v' size is 3 and '100' is 100\n",
errout_str());
check("void f() {\n"
" char c[] = { 1, 2, 3 };\n"
" std::vector<char> v(c, sizeof(c) + c);\n"
" v[100] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in 'v[100]', if 'v' size is 3 and '100' is 100\n",
errout_str());
check("void f() {\n"
" char c[] = { 1, 2, 3 };\n"
" std::vector<char> v{ c, c + sizeof(c) };\n"
" v[100] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in 'v[100]', if 'v' size is 3 and '100' is 100\n",
errout_str());
check("void f() {\n"
" int i[] = { 1, 2, 3 };\n"
" std::vector<int> v(i, i + sizeof(i) / 4);\n"
" v[100] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in 'v[100]', if 'v' size is 3 and '100' is 100\n",
errout_str());
check("void f() {\n" // #6615
" int i[] = { 1, 2, 3 };\n"
" std::vector<int> v(i, i + sizeof(i) / sizeof(int));\n"
" v[100] = 1;\n"
"}\n");
TODO_ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in 'v[100]', if 'v' size is 3 and '100' is 100\n",
"",
errout_str());
check("void f() {\n"
" std::array<int, 10> a = {};\n"
" a[10];\n"
" constexpr std::array<int, 10> b = {};\n"
" b[10];\n"
" const std::array<int, 10> c = {};\n"
" c[10];\n"
" static constexpr std::array<int, 10> d = {};\n"
" d[10];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in 'a[10]', if 'a' size is 10 and '10' is 10\n"
"test.cpp:5:error:Out of bounds access in 'b[10]', if 'b' size is 10 and '10' is 10\n"
"test.cpp:7:error:Out of bounds access in 'c[10]', if 'c' size is 10 and '10' is 10\n"
"test.cpp:9:error:Out of bounds access in 'd[10]', if 'd' size is 10 and '10' is 10\n",
errout_str());
check("struct test_fixed {\n"
" std::array<int, 10> array = {};\n"
" void index(int i) { array[i]; }\n"
"};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" test_fixed x = test_fixed();\n"
" x.index(10);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in 'array[i]', if 'array' size is 10 and 'i' is 10\n",
errout_str());
check("struct test_constexpr {\n"
" static constexpr std::array<int, 10> array = {};\n"
" void index(int i) { array[i]; }\n"
"};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" test_constexpr x = test_constexpr();\n"
" x.index(10);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:3:error:Out of bounds access in 'array[i]', if 'array' size is 10 and 'i' is 10\n",
errout_str());
checkNormal("struct A {\n"
" const std::vector<int>& v;\n"
" A(const std::vector<int>& x) : v(x)\n"
" {}\n"
" int f() const {\n"
" return v[0];\n"
" }\n"
"};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("struct A {\n"
" static const std::vector<int> v;\n"
" int f() const {\n"
" return v[0];\n"
" }\n"
"};\n"
"const std::vector<int> A::v = {1, 2};\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("struct a {\n"
" std::vector<int> g() const;\n"
"};\n"
"int f(const a& b) {\n"
" auto c = b.g();\n"
" assert(not c.empty());\n"
" int d = c.front();\n"
" return d;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("std::string f() {\n"
" std::map<int, std::string> m = { { 1, \"1\" } };\n"
" return m.at(1);\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("struct A {\n"
" virtual void init_v(std::vector<int> *v) = 0;\n"
"};\n"
"A* create_a();\n"
"struct B {\n"
" B() : a(create_a()) {}\n"
" void init_v(std::vector<int> *v) {\n"
" a->init_v(v);\n"
" }\n"
" A* a;\n"
"};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" B b;\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" b.init_v(&v);\n"
" v[0];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::vector<int>* v) {\n"
" if (v->empty())\n"
" v->push_back(1);\n"
" auto x = v->back();\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("template <typename T, uint8_t count>\n"
"struct Foo {\n"
" std::array<T, count> items = {0};\n"
" T maxCount = count;\n"
" explicit Foo(const T& maxValue = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)()) : maxCount(maxValue) {}\n"
" bool Set(const uint8_t idx) {\n"
" if (CheckBounds(idx) && items[idx] < maxCount) {\n"
" items[idx] += 1;\n"
" return true;\n"
" }\n"
" return false;\n"
" }\n"
" static bool CheckBounds(const uint8_t idx) { return idx < count; }\n"
"};\n"
"void f() {\n"
" Foo<uint8_t, 42U> x;\n"
" if (x.Set(42U)) {}\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("struct S { void g(std::span<int>& r) const; };\n" // #11828
"int f(const S& s) {\n"
" std::span<int> t;\n"
" s.g(t);\n"
" return t[0];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
checkNormal("char h() {\n"
" std::string s;\n"
" std::string_view sv(s);\n"
" return s[2];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:4:error:Out of bounds access in expression 's[2]' because 's' is empty.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f() {\n" // #12738
" std::vector<double> v{ 0, 0.1 };\n"
" (void)v[0];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("", errout_str());
}
void outOfBoundsSymbolic()
{
check("void foo(std::string textline, int col) {\n"
" if(col > textline.size())\n"
" return false;\n"
" int x = textline[col];\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS(
"[test.cpp:2] -> [test.cpp:4]: (warning) Either the condition 'col>textline.size()' is redundant or 'col' can have the value textline.size(). Expression 'textline[col]' causes access out of bounds.\n",
errout_str());
}
void outOfBoundsIndexExpression() {
setMultiline();
checkNormal("void f(std::string s) {\n"
" s[s.size()] = 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:2:error:Out of bounds access of s, index 's.size()' is out of bounds.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::string s) {\n"
" s[s.size()+1] = 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:2:error:Out of bounds access of s, index 's.size()+1' is out of bounds.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::string s) {\n"
" s[1+s.size()] = 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:2:error:Out of bounds access of s, index '1+s.size()' is out of bounds.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("void f(std::string s) {\n"
" s[x*s.size()] = 1;\n"
"}");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:2:error:Out of bounds access of s, index 'x*s.size()' is out of bounds.\n", errout_str());
checkNormal("bool f(std::string_view& sv) {\n" // #10031
" return sv[sv.size()] == '\\0';\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("test.cpp:2:error:Out of bounds access of sv, index 'sv.size()' is out of bounds.\n", errout_str());
}
void outOfBoundsIterator() {
check("int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" auto it = v.begin();\n"
" return *it;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:4]: (error) Out of bounds access in expression 'it' because 'v' is empty.\n",
errout_str());
check("int f() {\n"
" std::vector<int> v;\n"
" v.push_back(0);\n"
" auto it = v.begin() + 1;\n"
" return *it;\n"
"}\n");
ASSERT_EQUALS("[test.cpp:5]: (error) Out of bounds access in 'it', if 'v' size is 1 and 'it' is at position 1 from the beginning\n",