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+# Multi-flow K8s affinity: BGP and IPFIX/Netflow Deploying `nfacctd` in K8s Network telemtry using `pmacct`
+
+This is the original use-case that motivated this project. The original
+discussion can be found in this [Cilium's #general slack thread](https://cilium.slack.com/archives/C1MATJ5U5/p1723579808788789).
+
+## Context
+
+### pmacct and datahangar
+[pmacct](https://github.com/pmacct/pmacct) is probably _the_ most widely
+used Open Source project for passive monitoring of networks. `nfacctd` or
+Network Flow ACCounting Daemon, collects flowlogs ([IPFIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Flow_Information_Export)/
+[Netflow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetFlow)/[Sflow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFlow))
+and enriches them, normalizes values etc. to later export it (e.g. to a DB or
+a BUS).
+
+One of the main features of `nfacctd` is to enrich flowlogs with [BGP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol)
+information, e.g. `AS_PATH`, `DST_AS`. For doing so, `nfacctd` acts as both
+a collector of flowlogs _and_ a BGP passive peer. Routers, therefore, connect to
+`nfacctd` at - typically - `TCP/179` and send e.g. IPFIX datagrams to
+`UDP/4739`:
+
+
+
+[datahangar](https://github.com/datahangar/) was originally designed as an E2E
+test framework for pmacct in the context of Kubernetes. While it still serves
+this [purpose](), `datahangar` has evolved into a reference architecture for a
+network data pipeline using off-the-shelf OSS components.
+
+While most of the times `nfacctd` runs outside of K8s contexts, and close to
+routers, the objective was to make `nfacctd` _as cloud native as possible_,
+allowing rescheduling on failure, autoscaling etc.
+
+### Connectivity requirements
+
+BGP and flowlogs must:
+
+* Preserve source IP address, which is used to deduce the router identity.
+* End up in the same Pod
+
+## First attempt: `sessionAffinity: ClientIP` and `externalTrafficPolicy: Local`
+
+The initial attempt was to define a `LoadBalancer` service:
+
+```
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+ name: nfacctd
+spec:
+ selector:
+ app: nfacctd
+ ports:
+ - name: netflow
+ protocol: UDP
+ port: 2055
+ targetPort: 2055
+ - name: bgp
+ protocol: TCP
+ port: 179
+ targetPort: 179
+ type: LoadBalancer
+ sessionAffinity: ClientIP
+ externalTrafficPolicy: Local #Do not SNAT to the service!
+```
+
+The mockup test quickly shown that IP preservation worked in any of the cases,
+but that affinity didn't work wth multiple replicas or multiple worker nodes...
+:disappointed:. Flows were hitting different Pods, or even different worker
+nodes.
+
+
+
+## :bulb: What if...
+
+But, what if would be able to modify the traffic _before_ hitting the Network
+Load Balancer (NLB), and pretend it's BGP (`TCP/179`), so that `sessionAffinity: ClientIP`
+worked, and then "undo" that trick in the Pod, right before the traffic was
+delivered to `nfacctd`? Humm, that _might_ work.
+
+Adding a new feature in Kubernetes, all NLBs and CNIs in the world wasn't quite
+an option :sweat_smile:, so it was obvious that the solution ought to be a bit
+of a hack.
+
+Time to go back to the drawing board...
+
+## :honeybee: eBPF to the rescue!
+
+### Funneling traffic through a single protocol and port
+
+Let's call it [funneling](../funneling.md) to not confuse it with a real tunnel.
+
+The diagram would show:
+
+XXXX
+
+Netflow/IPFIX traffic (only) would have to be intercepted, mangled, and then sent
+to the NLB. This could be either done by modifying Netflow/IPFIX traffic _while_
+routing it in intermediate nodes, e.g.:
+
+
+or by pointing routers to one or more "funnelers" that mangle the packet and
+DNAT it to the NLB. E.g.:
+
+XXX
+
+### Time to eBPF it :honeybee:!
+
+The original prototype was as easy as this:
+
+
+#### The code
+
+```
+```
+The initial
+
+#### Using an initContainer()
+
+## Conclusion and limitations
+
+XXX
+Works, MTU, need for funnelers.
+
+## Acknowledgments
+
+Thank you to Martynas Pumputis, Chance Zibolski and Daniel Borkmann for their
+support in the Cilium community.
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