-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy path.htaccess
1235 lines (1005 loc) · 49.8 KB
/
.htaccess
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
# Apache Server Configs v4.1.0 | MIT License
# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache
# (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have
# access to the main server configuration file (which is usually called
# `httpd.conf`), you should add this logic there.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html
# ######################################################################
# # CROSS-ORIGIN #
# ######################################################################
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin requests |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Allow cross-origin requests.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS
# https://enable-cors.org/
# https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/
# (!) Do not use this without understanding the consequences.
# This will permit access from any other website.
# Instead of using this file, consider using a specific rule such as
# allowing access based on (sub)domain:
#
# Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "subdomain.example.com"
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin images |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image
# https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
<FilesMatch "\.(avifs?|bmp|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|a?png|svgz?|webp)$">
SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin web fonts |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Allow cross-origin access to web fonts.
#
# https://developers.google.com/fonts/docs/troubleshooting
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
<FilesMatch "\.(eot|otf|tt[cf]|woff2?)$">
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-origin resource timing |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Allow cross-origin access to the timing information for all resources.
#
# If a resource isn't served with a `Timing-Allow-Origin` header that would
# allow its timing information to be shared with the document, some of the
# attributes of the `PerformanceResourceTiming` object will be set to zero.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Timing-Allow-Origin
# https://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/
# https://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2014/08/21/resource-timing-practical-tips/
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Header set Timing-Allow-Origin: "*"
# </IfModule>
# ######################################################################
# # ERRORS #
# ######################################################################
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Custom error messages/pages |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument
ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Error prevention |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Disable the pattern matching based on filenames.
#
# This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result of a
# rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews
Options -MultiViews
# ######################################################################
# # INTERNET EXPLORER #
# ######################################################################
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Document modes |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render pages in the highest mode
# available in various cases when it may not.
#
# https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8
#
# (!) Starting with Internet Explorer 11, document modes are deprecated.
# If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were
# designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to
# consider enabling `Enterprise Mode` throughout your company.
#
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11/
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff955275.aspx
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
Header always set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text/html#i"
</IfModule>
# ######################################################################
# # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS #
# ######################################################################
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Media types |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Serve resources with the proper media types (f.k.a. MIME types).
#
# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addtype
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
# Data interchange
AddType application/atom+xml atom
AddType application/json json map topojson
AddType application/ld+json jsonld
AddType application/rss+xml rss
AddType application/geo+json geojson
AddType application/rdf+xml rdf
AddType application/xml xml
# JavaScript
# Servers should use text/javascript for JavaScript resources.
# https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#scriptingLanguages
AddType text/javascript js mjs
# Manifest files
AddType application/manifest+json webmanifest
AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp
AddType text/cache-manifest appcache
# Media files
AddType audio/mp4 f4a f4b m4a
AddType audio/ogg oga ogg opus
AddType image/avif avif
AddType image/avif-sequence avifs
AddType image/bmp bmp
AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz
AddType image/webp webp
AddType video/mp4 f4v f4p m4v mp4
AddType video/ogg ogv
AddType video/webm webm
AddType video/x-flv flv
# Serving `.ico` image files with a different media type prevents
# Internet Explorer from displaying them as images:
# https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/37b5fec090d00f38de64b591bcddcb205aadf8ee
AddType image/x-icon cur ico
# WebAssembly
AddType application/wasm wasm
# Web fonts
AddType font/woff woff
AddType font/woff2 woff2
AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot
AddType font/ttf ttf
AddType font/collection ttc
AddType font/otf otf
# Other
AddType application/octet-stream safariextz
AddType application/x-bb-appworld bbaw
AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx
AddType application/x-opera-extension oex
AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi
AddType text/calendar ics
AddType text/markdown markdown md
AddType text/vcard vcard vcf
AddType text/vnd.rim.location.xloc xloc
AddType text/vtt vtt
AddType text/x-component htc
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Character encodings |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Serve all resources labeled as `text/html` or `text/plain` with the media type
# `charset` parameter set to `UTF-8`.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset
AddDefaultCharset utf-8
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Serve the following file types with the media type `charset` parameter set to
# `UTF-8`.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addcharset
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
AddCharset utf-8 .appcache \
.bbaw \
.css \
.htc \
.ics \
.js \
.json \
.manifest \
.map \
.markdown \
.md \
.mjs \
.topojson \
.vtt \
.vcard \
.vcf \
.webmanifest \
.xloc
</IfModule>
# ######################################################################
# # REWRITES #
# ######################################################################
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Rewrite engine |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# (1) Turn on the rewrite engine (this is necessary in order for the
# `RewriteRule` directives to work).
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine
#
# (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options
#
# (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, you need to
# comment it out or remove it, and then uncomment the
# `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` line (4), but be aware of the performance
# impact.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks
#
# (4) Some cloud hosting services will require you set `RewriteBase`.
#
# https://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase
#
# (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may also need to use the
# `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for the rewrite engine.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
# (1)
RewriteEngine On
# (2)
Options +FollowSymlinks
# (3)
# Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
# (4)
# RewriteBase /
# (5)
# RewriteOptions <options>
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Forcing `https://` |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Redirect from the `http://` to the `https://` version of the URL.
#
# https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/RewriteHTTPToHTTPS
# (1) If you're using cPanel AutoSSL or the Let's Encrypt webroot method it
# will fail to validate the certificate if validation requests are
# redirected to HTTPS. Turn on the condition(s) you need.
#
# https://www.iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-acme-acme-12
# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
# RewriteEngine On
# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
# # (1)
# # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/\.well-known/acme-challenge/
# # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/\.well-known/cpanel-dcv/[\w-]+$
# # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/\.well-known/pki-validation/[A-F0-9]{32}\.txt(?:\ Comodo\ DCV)?$
# RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Suppressing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Rewrite www.example.com → example.com
# The same content should never be available under two different URLs,
# especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning.
# This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, you should
# choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other one.
#
# (!) NEVER USE BOTH WWW-RELATED RULES AT THE SAME TIME!
# (1) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the
# appropriate schema automatically (http or https).
#
# (2) The rule assumes by default that both HTTP and HTTPS environments are
# available for redirection.
# If your SSL certificate could not handle one of the domains used during
# redirection, you should turn the condition on.
#
# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/issues/52
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
# (1)
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:https]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:http]
# (2)
# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Rewrite example.com → www.example.com
# The same content should never be available under two different URLs,
# especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning.
# This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, you should
# choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other one.
#
# (!) NEVER USE BOTH WWW-RELATED RULES AT THE SAME TIME!
# (1) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the
# appropriate schema automatically (http or https).
#
# (2) The rule assumes by default that both HTTP and HTTPS environments are
# available for redirection.
# If your SSL certificate could not handle one of the domains used during
# redirection, you should turn the condition on.
#
# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/issues/52
# Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real"
# subdomains for certain parts of your website.
# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
# RewriteEngine On
# # (1)
# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
# RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:https]
# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
# RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:http]
# # (2)
# # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1
# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1
# RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
# </IfModule>
# ######################################################################
# # SECURITY #
# ######################################################################
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Frame Options |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Protect website against clickjacking.
#
# The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with the value
# `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the content of the web page in any
# frame.
#
# This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read about the
# other two possible values the `X-Frame-Options` header field can have:
# `SAMEORIGIN` and `ALLOW-FROM`.
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1.
#
# Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header for all
# of your website's pages, this has the potential downside that it forbids even
# non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when users visit your website
# using a Google Image Search results page).
#
# Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` header for
# all pages that allow a user to make a state-changing operation (e.g: pages
# that contain one-click purchase links, checkout or bank-transfer confirmation
# pages, pages that make permanent configuration changes, etc.).
#
# Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website against
# more than just clickjacking attacks.
# https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Frame-Options
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options/
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Header always set X-Frame-Options "DENY" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text/html#i"
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Content Security Policy (CSP) |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection
# attacks.
#
# This can be done by setting a Content Security Policy which permits
# trusted sources of content for your website.
#
# There is no policy that fits all websites, you will have to modify the
# `Content-Security-Policy` directives in the example depending on your needs.
#
# The example policy below aims to:
#
# (1) Restrict all fetches by default to the origin of the current website by
# setting the `default-src` directive to `'self'` - which acts as a
# fallback to all "Fetch directives" (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Fetch_directive).
#
# This is convenient as you do not have to specify all Fetch directives
# that apply to your site, for example:
# `connect-src 'self'; font-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self'`, etc.
#
# This restriction also means that you must explicitly define from which
# site(s) your website is allowed to load resources from.
#
# (2) The `<base>` element is not allowed on the website. This is to prevent
# attackers from changing the locations of resources loaded from relative
# URLs.
#
# If you want to use the `<base>` element, then `base-uri 'self'` can be
# used instead.
#
# (3) Form submissions are only allowed from the current website by setting:
# `form-action 'self'`.
#
# (4) Prevents all websites (including your own) from embedding your webpages
# within e.g. the `<iframe>` or `<object>` element by setting:
# `frame-ancestors 'none'`.
#
# The `frame-ancestors` directive helps avoid "Clickjacking" attacks and
# is similar to the `X-Frame-Options` header.
#
# Browsers that support the CSP header will ignore `X-Frame-Options` if
# `frame-ancestors` is also specified.
#
# (5) Forces the browser to treat all the resources that are served over HTTP
# as if they were loaded securely over HTTPS by setting the
# `upgrade-insecure-requests` directive.
#
# Please note that `upgrade-insecure-requests` does not ensure HTTPS for
# the top-level navigation. If you want to force the website itself to be
# loaded over HTTPS you must include the `Strict-Transport-Security`
# header.
#
# (6) The `Content-Security-Policy` header is included in all responses
# that are able to execute scripting. This includes the commonly used
# file types: HTML, XML and PDF documents. Although Javascript files
# can not execute script in a "browsing context", they are still included
# to target workers:
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy#CSP_in_workers
#
# To make your CSP implementation easier, you can use an online CSP header
# generator such as:
# https://report-uri.com/home/generate/
#
# It is encouraged that you validate your CSP header using a CSP validator
# such as:
# https://csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com
#
# https://csp.withgoogle.com/docs/
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy
# https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/
# https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP/
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# # (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
# Header always set Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; base-uri 'none'; form-action 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'; upgrade-insecure-requests" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text\/(html|javascript)|application\/pdf|xml#i"
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | File access |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Block access to directories without a default document.
#
# You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow anyone to
# surf through every directory on your server (which may include rather
# private places such as the CMS's directories).
<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>
Options -Indexes
</IfModule>
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Block access to all hidden files and directories except for the
# visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory.
#
# These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved state
# of a utility, and can include rather private places like, for example, the
# `.git` or `.svn` directories.
#
# The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path prefix
# for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`,
# `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible content
# should not be blocked.
#
# https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC]
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR]
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
</IfModule>
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Block access to files that can expose sensitive information.
#
# By default, block access to backup and source files that may be left by some
# text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone has access to them.
#
# https://feross.org/cmsploit/
#
# (!) Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to include any
# files that might end up on your production server and can expose
# sensitive information about your website. These files may include:
# configuration files, files that contain metadata about the project (e.g.:
# project dependencies, build scripts, etc.).
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
<FilesMatch "(^#.*#|\.(bak|conf|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|orig|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Force client-side TLS (Transport Layer Security) redirection.
#
# If a user types `example.com` in their browser, even if the server redirects
# them to the secure version of the website, that still leaves a window of
# opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker to downgrade or
# redirect the request.
#
# The following header ensures that a browser only connects to your server
# via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the browser's address bar.
#
# (!) Be aware that Strict Transport Security is not revokable and you
# must ensure being able to serve the site over HTTPS for the duration
# you've specified in the `max-age` directive. When you don't have a
# valid TLS connection anymore (e.g. due to an expired TLS certificate)
# your visitors will see a nasty error message even when attempting to
# connect over HTTP.
#
# (1) Preloading Strict Transport Security.
# To submit your site for HSTS preloading, it is required that:
# * the `includeSubDomains` directive is specified
# * the `preload` directive is specified
# * the `max-age` is specified with a value of at least 31536000 seconds
# (1 year).
# https://hstspreload.org/#deployment-recommendations
#
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-6.1
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Strict-Transport-Security
# https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2014/08/18/strict-transport-security/
# https://hstspreload.org/
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains" "expr=%{HTTPS} == 'on'"
# # (1) Enable your site for HSTS preload inclusion.
# # Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" "expr=%{HTTPS} == 'on'"
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Content Type Options |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response.
#
# This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin data
# leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the server is serving
# user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be treated as
# executable by the browser.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Content-Type-Options
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection/
# https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Protection |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Protect website reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks.
#
# (1) Try to re-enable the cross-site scripting (XSS) filter built into most
# web browsers.
#
# The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases, it may be
# disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer, for example, it can
# be re-enabled just by sending the `X-XSS-Protection` header with the
# value of `1`.
#
# (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential reflected
# (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the filter.
#
# By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a reflected XSS
# attack, they will attempt to block the attack by making the smallest
# possible modifications to the returned web page.
#
# Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), this default
# behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited. Therefore, it's better
# to inform browsers to prevent the rendering of the page altogether,
# instead of attempting to modify it.
#
# https://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities
#
# (!) Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that you are
# taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the most obvious
# being: validating and sanitizing your website's inputs.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-XSS-Protection
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter/
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2011/01/31/controlling-the-xss-filter/
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# # (1) (2)
# Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text/html#i"
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Referrer Policy |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set a strict Referrer Policy to mitigate information leakage.
#
# (1) The `Referrer-Policy` header is included in responses for resources
# that are able to request (or navigate to) other resources.
#
# This includes the commonly used resource types:
# HTML, CSS, XML/SVG, PDF documents, scripts and workers.
#
# To prevent referrer leakage entirely, specify the `no-referrer` value
# instead. Note that the effect could impact analytics metrics negatively.
#
# To check your Referrer Policy, you can use an online service, such as:
# https://securityheaders.com/
# https://observatory.mozilla.org/
#
# https://scotthelme.co.uk/a-new-security-header-referrer-policy/
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Referrer-Policy
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# # (1)
# Header always set Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text\/(css|html|javascript)|application\/pdf|xml#i"
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Disable TRACE HTTP Method |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Prevent Apache from responding to `TRACE` HTTP request.
#
# The TRACE method, while seemingly harmless, can be successfully leveraged
# in some scenarios to steal legitimate users' credentials.
#
# Modern browsers now prevent TRACE requests being made via JavaScript,
# however, other ways of sending TRACE requests with browsers have been
# discovered, such as using Java.
#
# (!) If you have access to the main server configuration file, use the
# `TraceEnable` directive instead.
#
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.8
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross_Site_Tracing
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Test_HTTP_Methods_(OTG-CONFIG-006)
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#traceenable
# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
# RewriteEngine On
# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^TRACE [NC]
# RewriteRule .* - [R=405,L]
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Server-side technology information |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Remove the `X-Powered-By` response header that:
#
# * is set by some frameworks and server-side languages (e.g.: ASP.NET, PHP),
# and its value contains information about them (e.g.: their name, version
# number)
#
# * doesn't provide any value to users, contributes to header bloat, and in
# some cases, the information it provides can expose vulnerabilities
#
# (!) If you can, you should disable the `X-Powered-By` header from the
# language/framework level (e.g.: for PHP, you can do that by setting
# `expose_php = off` in `php.ini`).
#
# https://php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.expose-php
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
Header unset X-Powered-By
Header always unset X-Powered-By
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Server software information |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Prevent Apache from adding a trailing footer line containing information
# about the server to the server-generated documents (e.g.: error messages,
# directory listings, etc.).
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#serversignature
ServerSignature Off
# ######################################################################
# # WEB PERFORMANCE #
# ######################################################################
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Compression |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# Force compression for mangled `Accept-Encoding` request headers
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept-Encoding
# https://calendar.perfplanet.com/2010/pushing-beyond-gzipping/
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_filter.html#addoutputfilterbytype
<IfModule mod_filter.c>
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \
"application/javascript" \
"application/json" \
"application/ld+json" \
"application/manifest+json" \
"application/rdf+xml" \
"application/rss+xml" \
"application/schema+json" \
"application/geo+json" \
"application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \
"application/wasm" \
"application/x-font-ttf" \
"application/x-javascript" \
"application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \
"application/xhtml+xml" \
"application/xml" \
"font/eot" \
"font/opentype" \
"font/otf" \
"font/ttf" \
"image/bmp" \
"image/svg+xml" \
"image/vnd.microsoft.icon" \
"text/cache-manifest" \
"text/calendar" \
"text/css" \
"text/html" \
"text/javascript" \
"text/plain" \
"text/markdown" \
"text/vcard" \
"text/vnd.rim.location.xloc" \
"text/vtt" \
"text/x-component" \
"text/x-cross-domain-policy" \
"text/xml"
</IfModule>
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Map the following filename extensions to the specified encoding type in
# order to make Apache serve the file types with the appropriate
# `Content-Encoding` response header (do note that this will NOT make
# Apache compress them!).
#
# If these files types would be served without an appropriate
# `Content-Encoding` response header, client applications (e.g.: browsers)
# wouldn't know that they first need to uncompress the response, and thus,
# wouldn't be able to understand the content.
#
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Encoding
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addencoding
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
AddEncoding gzip svgz
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Brotli pre-compressed content |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Serve brotli compressed CSS, JS, HTML, SVG, ICS and JSON files if they exist
# and if the client accepts br encoding.
#
# (!) To make this part relevant, you need to generate encoded files by your
# own. Enabling this part will not auto-generate brotlied files.
#
# (1) Remove default Content-Language header added for .br files.
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#multipleext
#
# Note that some clients (e.g. browsers) require a secure connection to request
# brotli-compressed resources.
# https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5420797577396224
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_brotli.html#precompressed
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} br
# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.br -f
# RewriteRule \.(css|ics|js|json|html|svg)$ %{REQUEST_URI}.br [L]
# # Prevent mod_deflate double gzip
# RewriteRule \.br$ - [E=no-gzip:1]
# <FilesMatch "\.br$">
# <IfModule mod_mime.c>
# # (1)
# RemoveLanguage .br
# # Serve correct content types
# AddType text/css css.br
# AddType text/calendar ics.br
# AddType text/javascript js.br
# AddType application/json json.br
# AddType text/html html.br
# AddType image/svg+xml svg.br
# # Serve correct content charset
# AddCharset utf-8 .css.br \
# .ics.br \
# .js.br \
# .json.br
# </IfModule>
# # Force proxies to cache brotlied and non-brotlied files separately
# Header append Vary Accept-Encoding
# </FilesMatch>
# # Serve correct encoding type
# AddEncoding br .br
# </IfModule>
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | GZip pre-compressed content |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Serve gzip compressed CSS, JS, HTML, SVG, ICS, and JSON files if they exist
# and if the client accepts gzip encoding.
#
# (!) To make this part relevant, you need to generate encoded files by your
# own. Enabling this part will not auto-generate gziped files.
#
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_deflate.html#precompressed
#
# (1) Removing default MIME Type for .gz files allowing to add custom
# sub-types.
# You may prefer using less generic extensions such as .html_gz in order to
# keep the default behavior regarding .gz files.
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#removetype
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} gzip
# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -f
# RewriteRule \.(css|ics|js|json|html|svg)$ %{REQUEST_URI}.gz [L]
# # Prevent mod_deflate double gzip
# RewriteRule \.gz$ - [E=no-gzip:1]
# <FilesMatch "\.gz$">
# # Serve correct content types
# <IfModule mod_mime.c>
# # (1)
# RemoveType gz
# # Serve correct content types
# AddType text/css css.gz
# AddType text/calendar ics.gz
# AddType text/javascript js.gz
# AddType application/json json.gz
# AddType text/html html.gz
# AddType image/svg+xml svg.gz
# # Serve correct content charset
# AddCharset utf-8 .css.gz \