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<p>Message是Android中最为常用的消息通讯机制，这种机制是建立在Handler、Looper和MessageQueue的分工协作上。Message通过Handler分发到MessageQueue中，MessageQueue将所有的Message组织成一个链表，通过Looper不断的将MessageQueue中的Message取出，取出以后又交付给对应的Handler来处理，从而完成一整套消息通讯机制。<br>
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Python内核分析——基本类型
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<h2 id="Python基本对象">Python基本对象</h2><p>python中所有东西都是对象，而所有对象都拥有的相同的内容，就是PyObject中的内容：<br><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">struct</span> _object {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> ob_refcnt; <span class="comment">//对象的引用计数</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">struct</span> _typeobject *ob_type; <span class="comment">//对象的类型指针</span></span><br><span class="line">} PyObject</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>在此基础上，由于一些变量的长度是可变的，那么对于这些变量，则需要另一个结构体来储存，这就是PyVarObject。<br><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">struct</span> PyObject_VAR_HEAD {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> ob_refcnt;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">struct</span> _typeobject *ob_type;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> ob_size; <span class="comment">//保存的元素的个数而非字节数</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>其中，对于上面两个结构体而言，都有_typeobject的指针，其具体实现如下<br><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">struct</span> _typeobject {</span><br><span class="line"> PyObject_VAR_HEAD</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">char</span> *tp_name; <span class="comment">/*类型的名称*/</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> tp_basicsize, <span class="comment">//类型大小，用于申请内存</span></span><br><span class="line"> tp_itemsize; <span class="comment">//表示每个元素所占的字节数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/*以下为函数指针，用于函数操作*/</span></span><br><span class="line"> destructor tp_dealloc; <span class="comment">//对象析构函数指针</span></span><br><span class="line"> printfunc tp_print; <span class="comment">//打印函数</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/*其他标准操作*/</span></span><br><span class="line"> hashfunc tp_hash; <span class="comment">//哈希操作函数</span></span><br><span class="line"> ......</span><br><span class="line">} PyTypeObject;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<p>RecyclerView中的相关类：<br>RecyclerView.Adapter: 可以托管数据集合，为每一项Item创建视图并且绑定数据<br>RecyclerView.ViewHolder: 承载Item视图的子布局<br>RecyclerView.LayoutManager: 负责Item视图的布局的显示管理<br>RecyclerView.ItemDecoration: 给每一项Item视图添加子View,例如可以进行画分隔线之类的<br>RecyclerView.ItemAnimator: 负责处理数据添加或者删除时候的动画效果</p>
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<h2 id="安装：">安装：</h2><p>使用apt安装(sublime-text-2)<br>sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-2<br>sudo apt-get update<br>sudo apt-get install sublime-text</p>
<h2 id="添加包管理工具">添加包管理工具</h2><ul>
<li><p>Sublime-Text-2<br>按下`ctrl + ``来打开Sublime Text Console，输入一下代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight lasso"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> urllib2,os,hashlib;</span><br><span class="line">h = <span class="string">'2915d1851351e5ee549c20394736b442'</span> + <span class="string">'8bc59f460fa1548d1514676163dafc88'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">pf = <span class="string">'Package Control.sublime-package'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">ipp = sublime<span class="built_in">.</span>installed_packages_path();</span><br><span class="line">os<span class="built_in">.</span>makedirs( ipp ) <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="subst">not</span> os<span class="built_in">.</span>path<span class="built_in">.</span>exists(ipp) <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="literal">None</span>;</span><br><span class="line">urllib2<span class="built_in">.</span>install_opener( urllib2<span class="built_in">.</span>build_opener( urllib2<span class="built_in">.</span>ProxyHandler() ) );</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">by</span> = urllib2<span class="built_in">.</span>urlopen( <span class="string">'http://packagecontrol.io/'</span> + pf<span class="built_in">.</span>replace(<span class="string">' '</span>, <span class="string">'%20'</span>) )<span class="built_in">.</span>read();</span><br><span class="line">dh = hashlib<span class="built_in">.</span>sha256(<span class="keyword">by</span>)<span class="built_in">.</span>hexdigest();</span><br><span class="line">open( os<span class="built_in">.</span>path<span class="built_in">.</span><span class="keyword">join</span>( ipp, pf ), <span class="string">'wb'</span> )<span class="built_in">.</span>write(<span class="keyword">by</span>) <span class="keyword">if</span> dh == h <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="literal">None</span>;</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">'Error validating download (got %s instead of %s), please try manual install'</span> % (dh, h)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> dh != h <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="string">'Please restart Sublime Text to finish installation'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Sublime Text 3<br>同样，按下`ctrl + ``来打开Sublime Text Console后，输入一下代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight openscad"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">import</span> urllib.request,os,hashlib;</span><br><span class="line">h = '<span class="number">2915</span>d1851351e5ee549c20394736b442' + '<span class="number">8</span>bc59f460fa1548d1514676163dafc88';</span><br><span class="line">pf = 'Package Control.sublime-package';</span><br><span class="line">ipp = sublime.installed_packages_path<span class="params">()</span>;</span><br><span class="line">urllib.request.install_opener<span class="params">( urllib.request.build_opener<span class="params">( urllib.request.ProxyHandler<span class="params">()</span> )</span> )</span>;</span><br><span class="line">by = urllib.request.urlopen<span class="params">( 'http://packagecontrol.io/' + pf.replace<span class="params">(' ', '%<span class="number">20</span>')</span> )</span>.read<span class="params">()</span>;</span><br><span class="line">dh = hashlib.sha256<span class="params">(by)</span>.hexdigest<span class="params">()</span>;</span><br><span class="line">print<span class="params">('Error validating download <span class="params">(got %s instead of %s)</span>, please try manual install' % <span class="params">(dh, h)</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> dh <span class="built_in">!</span>= h <span class="keyword">else</span> open<span class="params">(os.path.join<span class="params">( ipp, pf )</span>, 'wb' )</span>.write<span class="params">(by)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
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<h2 id="使用包管理工具安装插件">使用包管理工具安装插件</h2>
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Android屏幕适配
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<h2 id="1-_Android屏幕适配分辨率">1. Android屏幕适配分辨率 </h2><p>常见需要适配的屏幕分辨率有<strong>1280 x 720</strong>、<strong>800 x 480</strong>、<strong>854 x 480</strong>、<strong>1920 x 1080</strong>、<strong>960 x 540</strong>、<strong>480 x 320</strong>.</p>
<h2 id="2-_密度无关像素：dot_per">2. 密度无关像素：dot per</h2><p> inch(dpi)：<strong>其值与屏幕尺寸和屏幕分辨率有关。</strong>以密度无关像素对设备进行区分，大致分为如下几类：（括号内为图片放缩比例）</p>
<ul>
<li>mdpi ( x 1) —— 120 ～160 dpi</li>
<li>hdpi ( x1.5) —— 160 ～240 dpi</li>
<li>xhdpi( x 2) —— 240 ～320 dpi</li>
<li>xxhdpi(x 3) —— 320 ~ 480 dpi</li>
<li>xxxhdpi(x 4) —— 480 ~ 640 dpi </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>Ps:以Nexus 5为例。屏幕分辨率1920x1080，对角分辨率P =sqrt(1920^2+1080^2)=2202。使用对角分辨率除以屏幕尺寸4.95英寸即可得到密度无关像素（DPI）为445dpi.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="3-_文字大小">3. 文字大小 </h2><p>推荐使用<strong>12sp</strong>以上的字体大小，并且推荐大小为<strong>12/14/18/22sp</strong>的字体，并且尽量不要使用奇数和小数，其容易在放大或缩小过程中导致精度丢失。</p>
<h2 id="4-_限定符（尺寸限定符和方向限定符可以连着使用）">4. 限定符（尺寸限定符和方向限定符可以连着使用） </h2><ul>
<li><p>尺寸限定符<br>创建不同的文件夹，在不同的文件夹下创建相同的文件，使用不同的方式进行应用：<br>res/layout/main.xml —— 常规文件<br>res/layout-large/main.xml —— Android 3.2版本前平板等设备使用的layout<br>res/layout-sw600dp/main.xml —— Android 3.2版本以后等设备使用的layout，指最小宽度大于600dp的设备（一般即指平板）</p>
<blockquote>
<p>小技巧：<br>对于以上情况可以使用<strong>布局别名</strong><br>创建两个文件：<br>res/layout/main_vertical.xml —— 竖直状态布局<br>res/layout/main_oriental.xml ——水平状态布局</p>
<p><strong>默认布局：res/values/layout.xml</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">resources</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">item</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"main"</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/main_vertical.xml<span class="tag"></<span class="title">item</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="title">resources</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Android 3.2版本前的布局：res/values-large/layouts.xml</strong><br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">resources</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">item</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"main"</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/main_oriental.xml<span class="tag"></<span class="title">item</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="title">resources</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>Android 3.2版本后的布局：res/values-sw600dp/layouts.xml</strong><br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">resources</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">item</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"main"</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"layout"</span>></span>@layout/main_oriental.xml<span class="tag"></<span class="title">item</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="title">resources</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>在对应的Activity中只需要setContentView(R.layout.main)即可</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>方向限定符<br><strong>land / port </strong><br>与尺寸限定符类似，创建对应的layouts.xml文件<br>res/values-land/layouts.xml<br>res/values-port/layouts.xml<br>之后同上创建<resources>标签来指定对应的布局文件</resources></p>
</li>
<li><p>9-patch图<br>左侧和上侧用于标记可拉伸的位置，实际拉伸由点的数量按照比例进行拉伸。<br>右侧和下侧用于标记，未被标记的区段将会被设置成padding值</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="5-组件布局：">5.组件布局： </h2><p>可以使用Android提供的百分比布局库：android-percent-support-lib，其使用百分比的方式进行Layout布局，主要支持<strong>PercentRelativeLayout</strong>和<strong>PercentFrameLayout</strong><br>支持的属性有：<br>layout_widthPercent、layout_heightPercent<br>layout_marginPercent、layout_marginLeftPercent、layout_marginRightPercent等6个属性</p>
<blockquote>
<p>gradle添加：compile ‘com.android.support:percent:22.2.0’ </p>
</blockquote>
<p>小例子：<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="title">android.support.percent.PercentFrameLayout</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="value">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">xmlns:app</span> = "<span class="attribute">http:</span>//<span class="attribute">schemas.android.com</span>/<span class="attribute">apk</span>/<span class="attribute">res-auto</span>"</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">android:layout_width</span> = "<span class="attribute">match_parent</span>"</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">android:layout_height</span>= "<span class="attribute">match_parent</span>"</span><br><span class="line"> ></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">TextView</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">android:layout_width</span> = "<span class="attribute">0dp</span>"</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">android:layout_height</span> = "<span class="attribute">0dp</span>"</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">app:layout_heightPercent</span> = "<span class="attribute">20</span>%"</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">app:layout_widthPercent</span> = "<span class="attribute">30</span>%"</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">android:layout_gravity</span> = " "</span><br><span class="line"> /></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="title">android.support.percent.PercentFrameLayout</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Tips:</p>
<ul>
<li>需要指定xmlns,即：xmlns:app=”<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" target="_blank" rel="external">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto</a>“</li>
<li>内部的控件大小需要设定为0dp，之后才会按照percent来进行划分，类似于weight</li>
<li>对于FrameLayout而言，内部控件放置类似于LinearLayout，而PercentRelatvieLayout与RelativeLayout类似</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>参考资料：<br><a href="http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/46695347" target="_blank" rel="external">http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/46695347</a></p>
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Android的View绘制过程
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<p>众所周知，View的绘制过程从ViewRootImpl.performTraversals()方法开始。<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//以下位ViewRootImpl的成员变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">final</span> Rect mWinFrame; <span class="comment">//frame given by window manager</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> mWidth = mWinFrame.width();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> mHeight = mWinFrame.height();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">performTraversals</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> WindowManager.LayoutParams lp = mWindowAttributes;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//是否需要进行Measure</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>( !mStopped ) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//获得更是图mView(即DecorView)的尺寸</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec( mWidth, lp.width);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec( mHeight, lp.height);</span><br><span class="line"> performMeasure( childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// ....</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//是否需要执行Layout</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> didLayout = layoutRequested && !mStopped;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>( didLayout ) {</span><br><span class="line"> performLayout( lp, desireWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//...</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//是否需要Draw</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>( !cancelDraw && !newSurface ) {</span><br><span class="line"> performDraw();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> scheduleTraversals();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>从上我们可以看出来，View的绘制过程大体需要进行三大步骤：<br>1.measure —— 确定每一个View的长度和宽度。<br>2.layout —— 确定每一个View所应该摆放的位置。<br>3.draw —— 根据每一个View大小来绘制内容。</p>
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