diff --git a/conftest.py b/conftest.py
index a92e19d1..f242ec35 100644
--- a/conftest.py
+++ b/conftest.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def flush(self):
 
 if in_tox:
     # When in tox, we shouldn't have any usercustomize messing this up.
-    for k in sys.modules.keys():
+    for k in list(sys.modules.keys()):
         assert not k == "pyflyby" or k.startswith("pyflyby.")
 
     import pyflyby
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def flush(self):
     # Unload any already-imported pyflyby.  This could happen if the user's
     # usercustomize imported pyflyby.  That would probably be the "production"
     # pyflyby rather than the one being developed & tested.
-    for k in sys.modules.keys():
+    for k in list(sys.modules.keys()):
         if k == "pyflyby" or k.startswith("pyflyby."):
             del sys.modules[k]