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Kemon

An Open Source Pre and Post Callback-based Framework for macOS Kernel Monitoring.

[ Breaking News - 08/28/2019 ]
macOS Catalina 10.15 Beta 7 Release Notes
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos_release_notes/macos_catalina_10_15_beta_7_release_notes

Endpoint Security

  • The kauth API has been removed. (50419013)

/* After testing, I found that these Kauth interfaces are not really removed, and Kemon still works. But I think this release note means that the door to the macOS kernel is closing. (08/28/2019) */

What is Kemon?

Kemon is an open source Pre and Post callback-based framework [1] for macOS kernel monitoring [2]. With the power of Kemon, we can easily implement XPC/IPC communication monitoring [3], Mandatory Access Control (MAC) policy filtering, network traffic and kernel extension firewall, etc. In general, from an attacker's perspective, this framework can help achieve more powerful Rootkit. From the perspective of defense, Kemon can help construct more granular monitoring capabilities.

I also implemented several kernel fuzzers [4] [7] based on this framework, which helped me find many kernel vulnerabilities, such as:

  1. Graphics related kernel extensions:
    CVE-2017-7155, CVE-2017-7163, CVE-2017-13883 [10], CVE-2018-4350, CVE-2018-4396, CVE-2018-4418 [11], CVE-2019-8807 [12], CVE-2022-22631, CVE-2022-22661, CVE-2022-46706 [22], etc.

  2. Wi-Fi IO80211FamilyV1/V2 [5] [9]:
    CVE-2020-9832, CVE-2020-9833, CVE-2020-9834 [14], CVE-2020-9899 [15], CVE-2020-10013 [16] [17] [18], CVE-2022-26761 [23], CVE-2022-26762 [24], CVE-2022-32837, CVE-2022-32847, CVE-2022-32860 [25] [26] [27], CVE-2022-32925, CVE-2022-46709 [28] [29], CVE-2023-38610 [30] [31], etc.

  3. Bluetooth Host Controller Interface (HCI) [6]:
    CVE-2020-3892, CVE-2020-3893, CVE-2020-3905, CVE-2020-3907, CVE-2020-3908, CVE-2020-3912, CVE-2020-9779, CVE-2020-9853 [13], CVE-2020-9831 [14], CVE-2020-9928, CVE-2020-9929 [15], etc.

  4. Kernel memory mapping mechanism [8]:
    CVE-2020-27914, CVE-2020-27915, CVE-2020-27936 [19] [20], CVE-2021-30678 [21], etc.

Supported Features

Kemon's features include：

  • file operation monitoring
  • process creation monitoring
  • dynamic library and kernel extension monitoring
  • network traffic monitoring
  • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) policy monitoring, etc.

In addition, Kemon project can also extend the Pre and Post callback-based monitoring interfaces for any macOS kernel function.

Getting Started

How to build the Kemon kernel extension

Please use Xcode project or makefile to build the Kemon kext driver

How to use the Kemon kernel extension

Please turn off macOS System Integrity Protection (SIP) check if you don't have a valid kernel certificate
Use the command "sudo chown -R root:wheel kemon.kext" to change the owner of the Kemon kernel extension
Use the command "sudo kextload kemon.kext" to install the Kemon kernel extension
Use the command "sudo kextunload kemon.kext" to uninstall the Kemon kernel extension

Contributing

Welcome to contribute by creating issues or sending pull requests. See Contributing Guide for guidelines.

License

Kemon is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the LICENSE file.

References

  1. https://patents.google.com/patent/US11106491B2
  2. https://www.blackhat.com/us-18/arsenal/schedule/#kemon-an-open-source-pre-and-post-callback-based-framework-for-macos-kernel-monitoring-12085
  3. https://www.blackhat.com/us-19/arsenal/schedule/#ksbox-a-fine-grained-macos-malware-sandbox-15059
  4. https://www.defcon.org/html/defcon-26/dc-26-speakers.html#Wang
  5. https://www.blackhat.com/us-20/briefings/schedule/index.html#dive-into-apple-iofamilyv-20023
  6. https://www.blackhat.com/eu-20/briefings/schedule/index.html#please-make-a-dentist-appointment-asap-attacking-iobluetoothfamily-hci-and-vendor-specific-commands-21155
  7. https://www.blackhat.com/us-20/arsenal/schedule/index.html#macos-bluetooth-analysis-suite-mbas-19886
  8. https://www.blackhat.com/asia-21/briefings/schedule/index.html#racing-the-dark-a-new-tocttou-story-from-apples-core-22214
  9. https://www.blackhat.com/us-22/briefings/schedule/#dive-into-apple-iofamily-vol--27728
  10. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208331
  11. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209193
  12. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210722
  13. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211100
  14. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211170
  15. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211289
  16. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211843
  17. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211849
  18. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211850
  19. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211931
  20. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212011
  21. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212529
  22. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213183
  23. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213257
  24. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213258
  25. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213346
  26. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213345
  27. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213344
  28. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213446
  29. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213486
  30. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213938
  31. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213940