How do they work?
https://projects.propublica.org/graphics/images/data-institute/presentations/how-websites-work.pdf
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/How_does_the_Internet_work
- Internet - a network of networks
- "World Wide Web" - a service built on top of the internet's infrastructure (other services include e-mail and IRC chat, neither of which use HTTP)
- HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
- HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
There are lots of programs that can resolve a domain name for you, one of those is dig (domain information groper).
dig google.com +short
Data travels sent over the internet is chopped up and sent in packets. Here is what an IP packet looks like. It has a header which contains the metadata and a payload which contains the data. Different protocols handle packets differently. For example, some protocols like those you might use to stream video will tolerate packet loss, other protocols like TCP/IP which is used to transmit websites don't).
Routers route those packets to their correct destinations based on the metadata the packet carries.
Here is a strange videos:
You can use traceroute to see how your request is routed to its destination.
traceroute google.com
Source: Wikimedia Commons
If you're really interested:
- https://www.lifewire.com/open-systems-interconnection-model-816290
- https://www.lifewire.com/layers-of-the-osi-model-illustrated-818017
And if you're not:
