diff --git a/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/LocalAppContextSwitches/LocalAppContextSwitches.cs b/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/LocalAppContextSwitches/LocalAppContextSwitches.cs
index 5b728b3472a..5492ea09bad 100644
--- a/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/LocalAppContextSwitches/LocalAppContextSwitches.cs
+++ b/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/LocalAppContextSwitches/LocalAppContextSwitches.cs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ internal static partial class LocalAppContextSwitches
     internal const string EnableMsoComponentManagerSwitchName = "Switch.System.Windows.Forms.EnableMsoComponentManager";
     internal const string TreeNodeCollectionAddRangeRespectsSortOrderSwitchName = "System.Windows.Forms.TreeNodeCollectionAddRangeRespectsSortOrder";
     internal const string MoveTreeViewTextLocationOnePixelSwitchName = "System.Windows.Forms.TreeView.MoveTreeViewTextLocationOnePixel";
+    internal const string PreserveUnassignedTreeNodeImagesSwitchName = "System.Windows.Forms.TreeView.PreserveUnassignedTreeNodeImages";
 
     private static int s_scaleTopLevelFormMinMaxSizeForDpi;
     private static int s_anchorLayoutV2;
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ internal static partial class LocalAppContextSwitches
     private static int s_treeNodeCollectionAddRangeRespectsSortOrder;
 
     private static int s_moveTreeViewTextLocationOnePixel;
+    private static int s_preserveUnassignedTreeNodeImages;
 
     private static FrameworkName? s_targetFrameworkName;
 
@@ -231,4 +233,13 @@ public static bool MoveTreeViewTextLocationOnePixel
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         get => GetCachedSwitchValue(MoveTreeViewTextLocationOnePixelSwitchName, ref s_moveTreeViewTextLocationOnePixel);
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///  Indicates whether keep the node image that has not set an image when the ImageList changes dynamically.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool PreserveUnassignedTreeNodeImages
+    {
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        get => GetCachedSwitchValue(PreserveUnassignedTreeNodeImagesSwitchName, ref s_preserveUnassignedTreeNodeImages);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/TreeView/TreeNode.cs b/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/TreeView/TreeNode.cs
index d97e3d70b82..e3ae94eb408 100644
--- a/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/TreeView/TreeNode.cs
+++ b/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/TreeView/TreeNode.cs
@@ -2195,24 +2195,75 @@ static bool IsSpecialImageIndex(int actualIndex)
 
     internal unsafe void UpdateImage()
     {
-        TreeView tv = TreeView!;
-        if (tv.IsDisposed)
+        if (TreeView is not { IsDisposed: false } treeView)
         {
             return;
         }
 
+        int imageIndex = 0;
+        int selectedImageIndex = 0;
+
+        if (treeView.ImageList is { } imageList)
+        {
+            if (AppContextSwitches.PreserveUnassignedTreeNodeImages)
+            {
+                imageIndex = GetEffectiveImageIndex(treeView, imageList, ImageKey);
+                selectedImageIndex = GetEffectiveImageIndex(treeView, imageList, SelectedImageKey);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                imageIndex = Math.Clamp(ImageIndexer.ActualIndex, 0, imageList.Images.Count - 1);
+            }
+        }
+
         TVITEMW item = new()
         {
             mask = TVITEM_MASK.TVIF_HANDLE | TVITEM_MASK.TVIF_IMAGE,
             hItem = HTREEITEM,
-            iImage = Math.Max(
-                0,
-                tv.ImageList is { } imageList && ImageIndexer.ActualIndex >= imageList.Images.Count
-                    ? imageList.Images.Count - 1
-                    : ImageIndexer.ActualIndex)
+            iImage = imageIndex
         };
 
-        PInvokeCore.SendMessage(tv, PInvoke.TVM_SETITEMW, 0, ref item);
+        if (AppContextSwitches.PreserveUnassignedTreeNodeImages)
+        {
+            item.mask |= TVITEM_MASK.TVIF_SELECTEDIMAGE;
+            item.iSelectedImage = selectedImageIndex;
+        }
+
+        PInvokeCore.SendMessage(treeView, PInvoke.TVM_SETITEMW, 0, ref item);
+    }
+
+    private unsafe int GetEffectiveImageIndex(TreeView treeView, ImageList imageList, string effectiveImageKey)
+    {
+        int imageIndex;
+
+        // If the current node does not set ImageKey, try inheriting TreeView's ImageKey
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(effectiveImageKey))
+        {
+            effectiveImageKey = treeView.ImageKey;
+        }
+
+        // If the current node has an ImageKey set, prefer using the valid ImageKey
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(effectiveImageKey) && imageList.Images.ContainsKey(effectiveImageKey))
+        {
+            imageIndex = imageList.Images.IndexOfKey(effectiveImageKey);
+        }
+        else if (ImageIndexer.ActualIndex >= 0 && ImageIndexer.ActualIndex < imageList.Images.Count)
+        {
+            // Otherwise use the node's own ImageIndex
+            imageIndex = ImageIndexer.ActualIndex;
+        }
+        else if (treeView.ImageIndexer.ActualIndex >= 0 && treeView.ImageIndexer.ActualIndex < imageList.Images.Count)
+        {
+            // Then try using TreeView's ImageIndex
+            imageIndex = treeView.ImageIndexer.ActualIndex;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Fallback to default image
+            imageIndex = 0;
+        }
+
+        return imageIndex;
     }
 
     /// <summary>