Add project version CMake CLI variable

[filip-szweda]

Problem

Currently, the project version is retrieved from git tags.
This can cause two issues:

• if the user clones a shallow copy of the repository or downloads the source code from GitHub releases, they won't have access to git tags
• if the user clones a deep copy of the repository, but no tag has been created, CMake configuration and artifact publishing will fail

Solution

This change adds a project version CMake CLI variable with following syntax -DPROJECT_VERSION=<project version>.
The user needs to provide project version during configuration stage e.g. cmake --preset conan-release -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF -DPROJECT_VERSION=1.0.0.
In GitHub actions project version is retrieved from git tags and if no tags are available, commit hash is used.

Proof

With printf("%s\n", PROJECT_VERSION); added to main.cpp:

No PROJECT_VERSION variable in the CLI:

No PROJECT_VERSION value:

Wrong version format: