Tripping thermal limits

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I have a Thinkpad x1 carbon gen 9 with intel i7 1185G7, and this tool appears to help mitigate throttling. By default, PL1 (constraint_0_power_limit_uw) is set to 64W but goes to 12W after a short period of load (this is the case even if /sys/firmware/acpi/platform_profile is set to performance).

However, after a period of high load the computer inevitably shuts down, either from kernel thermal_zone (graceful shutdown) or hardware (immediate) if the kernel thermal zone is disabled. Surprisingly, adjusting the temperature limit in throttled does not help. Even if you set it to 85C there will be temperature spikes where it reaches 100C+ where it shuts down. Even running the fans at max speed, the laptop cannot avoid shutting down when running on power limits as low as 25W, even though the processor is rated for 28W of PL1.