我們從處理競賽狀況時就提起：分散式資料庫沒辦法有效容錯。這次，我們終於要來談談分散式資料庫要怎麼容錯了！我們先來談談單台機器的容錯機制，再來帶出分散式系統的容錯機制。
+我們從處理競賽狀況時就提起：分散式資料庫沒辦法有效容錯。 +這次，我們終於要來談談分散式資料庫要怎麼容錯了！我們先來談談單台機器的容錯機制，再來帶出分散式系統的容錯機制。
對應用程式開發人員來說，他可以很簡單的在異動前告知資料庫我要使用「交易」的機制，以此來滿足資料的一致性和容錯性。但是我們前面提了「複製延遲」很輕易就可以破壞這一系列的保證。同時，我們也要問問自己，如何讓開發人員使用和「交易」相似的方式來讓開發人員不需要在寫程式的時候還要思考分散式叢集會有的邊際狀況？
+對應用程式開發人員來說，他可以很簡單的在異動前告知資料庫我要使用「交易」的機制， +以此來滿足資料的一致性和容錯性。但是我們前面提了「複製延遲」很輕易就可以破壞這一系列的保證。 +同時，我們也要問問自己， +如何讓開發人員使用和「交易」相似的方式來讓開發人員不需要在寫程式的時候還要思考分散式叢集會有的邊際狀況？
那分散式資料庫又該做什麼？在開始前，我們先前情提要一下。
執行緒延宕
-即使單台機器也會受到執行序的延宕，但是單台機器的延宕代表所有程序都會被延宕，所以他並不會認知到自己被延宕了（除非檢查時間）。
-但是到了分散式系統時，執行序的延宕就代表有一節點突然無法運作，這時其他節點仍能正常運作。隔了三十秒之後，該節點恢復正常了，這時就可能造成不同節點的錯誤認知，例如複權（split brain）。
+即使單台機器也會受到執行序的延宕，但是單台機器的延宕代表所有程序都會被延宕， +所以他並不會認知到自己被延宕了（除非檢查時間）。
+但是到了分散式系統時，執行序的延宕就代表有一節點突然無法運作，這時其他節點仍能正常運作。 +隔了三十秒之後，該節點恢復正常了，這時就可能造成不同節點的錯誤認知，例如複權（split brain）。
我們有提到很多 NoSQL 宣稱最終一致性是必然的，然而最終一致性雖然可以讓狀態達到最終的一致性，但是當你從（暫時的）錯誤狀態作出任何判斷並執行異動時，相對應的錯誤異動就成為「正確的」異動，並永久的影響資料庫的狀態。
-例如帳號註冊時，檢查帳號是否註冊過：因為應用程式從資料庫得到的資訊是帳號沒被註冊過，所以允許註冊，這時就會讓這種暫時的錯誤狀態成為永久的錯誤狀態。
-因爲這異於一般的開發環境（通常我們存取程式碼中的變數時，都期望得到的值是最新的狀態），所以這會增加應用程式開發的負擔，每此設計時都要仔細設想各種狀況。而且這種東西很難得到保證：我這樣做就一定沒錯。
+我們有提到很多 NoSQL 宣稱最終一致性是必然的，然而最終一致性雖然可以讓狀態達到最終的一致性， +但是當你從（暫時的）錯誤狀態作出任何判斷並執行異動時，相對應的錯誤異動就成為「正確的」異動， +並永久的影響資料庫的狀態。
+例如帳號註冊時，檢查帳號是否註冊過：因為應用程式從資料庫得到的資訊是帳號沒被註冊過，所以允許註冊， +這時就會讓這種暫時的錯誤狀態成為永久的錯誤狀態。
+因爲這異於一般的開發環境（通常我們存取程式碼中的變數時，都期望得到的值是最新的狀態）， +所以這會增加應用程式開發的負擔，每此設計時都要仔細設想各種狀況。而且這種東西很難得到保證：我這樣做就一定沒錯。
當我們讓分散式資料庫擁有高一致性，就會犧牲高可用性和高效能，所以在開始講分散式的容錯系統前，需要先有個認知： 我不一定需要這些東西 。
-在衍生資料的系列中（本系列叫做分散式系統），我們會提一個資料庫叢集的架構，這個架構就是試著鬆弛這個權衡：同時擁有高一致性和高可用性。
+當我們讓分散式資料庫擁有高一致性，就會犧牲高可用性和高效能，所以在開始講分散式的容錯系統前， +需要先有個認知： 我不一定需要高一致性 。
+在衍生資料的系列中（本系列叫做分散式系統），我們會提一個資料庫叢集的架構， +這個架構就是試著鬆弛這個權衡：同時擁有高一致性和高可用性。
最後，我們重新確認一下名詞的定義。
處理機制其實就是讓叢集執行得像是線性系統，而先前的單一領袖複製方式其實就很像這個東西。
-問題是，單一領袖的領袖從何而來？如果領袖是從管理者（人類）決定的話就代表需要 24 小時輪班來監控這個領袖的健康狀態，然而我們可能僅能透過網路的監控系統去檢查，因為基於網路這監控系統很可能是不穩定的。如果我們要自動化，那就一樣需要共識演算法。
+問題是，單一領袖的領袖從何而來？如果領袖是從管理者（人類）決定的話就代表需要 24 小時輪班來監控這個領袖的健康狀態， +然而我們可能僅能透過網路的監控系統去檢查，因為基於網路這監控系統很可能是不穩定的。 +如果我們要自動化，那就一樣需要共識演算法。
他有些可能的名詞，但主要還是要看文章的前後文：
滿足鴿舍理論並不代表符合線性系統，他不能保證叢集的狀態一致，就算你滿足最好的狀況：三台都異動成功，你仍然會發生狀態錯誤的問題，如圖上所示。
+滿足鴿舍理論並不代表符合線性系統，他不能保證叢集的狀態一致，就算你滿足最好的狀況： +三台都異動成功，你仍然會發生狀態錯誤的問題，如圖上所示。
線性系統是高成本的而且很可能是不能容錯的（想想單一領袖，當領袖失能時很多事都可能出錯），但是線性系統卻可以很簡單的幫助我們理解共識演算法要做的事。
+線性系統是高成本的而且很可能是不能容錯的（想想單一領袖，當領袖失能時很多事都可能出錯）， +但是線性系統卻可以很簡單的幫助我們理解共識演算法要做的事。
因果關係不是線性系統，但是他和線性系統差在哪？在因果關係的系統中，我們不會說 異動 A 早於 異動 B，而是說 異動 B 依賴於 異動 A。這樣的關係異於線性系統。我們來看看以下例子：
+因果關係不是線性系統，但是他和線性系統差在哪？在因果關係的系統中， +我們不會說 異動 A 早於 異動 B，而是說 異動 B 依賴於 異動 A。 +這樣的關係異於線性系統。我們來看看以下例子：
在單台資料庫中有可能發生圖上右邊的並行異動請求的模式，這時就會出現狀況。我們之前提說透過快照隔離，賦予每個請求當下的版本，讓他只允許取得當下版本的資訊。而這中間的賦予順序就是幫助我們得到因果關係。
-相對而言，線性系統中右上方的 Read A 就會出現在下面的請求之前。也就是因果關係並不會阻止並行的請求，但是他會幫助我們釐清請求和請求之間的關係也因此因果關係並不強於線性關係。
在單台資料庫中有可能發生圖上右邊的並行異動請求的模式，這時就會出現狀況。 +我們之前提說透過快照隔離，賦予每個請求當下的版本，讓他只允許取得當下版本的資訊。 +而這中間的賦予順序就是幫助我們得到因果關係。
+相對而言，線性系統中右上方的 Read A 就會出現在下面的請求之前。
+也就是因果關係並不會阻止並行的請求，但是他會幫助我們釐清請求和請求之間的關係也因此因果關係並不強於線性關係。
因果關係會賦予全域順序嗎？因果關係並不是全域順序，他可能在兩個節點間得到一個一樣的版本，例如 節點 A 得到版本 123，節點 B 也得到版本 123。
-但是這並不會造成問題，因為只有相依的請求才有賦予順序的必要。若兩個請求沒有關係，那麼給予他們相同的數字也沒什麼關係。想想現在南極正有一陣風吹起，我們不會說我先動南極的風才動的，因為這比較沒有意義。
+因果關係會賦予全域順序嗎？因果關係並不是全域順序， +他可能在兩個節點間得到一個一樣的版本，例如 節點 A 得到版本 123，節點 B 也得到版本 123。
+但是這並不會造成問題，因為只有相依的請求才有賦予順序的必要。 +若兩個請求沒有關係，那麼給予他們相同的數字也沒什麼關係。 +想想現在南極正有一陣風吹起，我們不會說我先動南極的風才動的，因為這比較沒有意義。
當要異動某個值時，我們需要紀錄：是否這個新的異動來自於先前的狀態。所以我們需要一個類似 版本向量 的東西。當要做異動時，應用程式需要傳給資料庫當初他在讀取時的版本，資料庫就可以透過版本確定這個先前讀取的資料是否已經過時（stale）。舉例來說，資料庫擁有版本一的狀態，當被請求要異動到版本三時，需要等待版本二的異動被執行（類似於序列化快照隔離中，資料庫透過了解某些異動請求之間的因果關係來並免發生資料不一致）。
-目前，賦予順序是線性系統之外最強的一致性，並且可以維持效能和可用性。但仍是開放研究，並未投入線上環境且有些問題需要處理（例如若要求每個資料都紀錄因果關係，這個量會很大而且不符合 OLTP 的模式：大量讀取小量異動）：
+當要異動某個值時，我們需要紀錄：是否這個新的異動來自於先前的狀態。 +所以我們需要一個類似 版本向量 的東西。當要做異動時，應用程式需要傳給資料庫當初他在讀取時的版本， +資料庫就可以透過版本確定這個先前讀取的資料是否已經過時（stale）。 +舉例來說，資料庫擁有版本一的狀態，當被請求要異動到版本三時， +需要等待版本二的異動被執行（類似於序列化快照隔離中，資料庫透過了解某些異動請求之間的因果關係來並免發生資料不一致）。
+目前，賦予順序是線性系統之外最強的一致性， +並且可以維持效能和可用性。 +但仍是開放研究，並未投入線上環境且有些問題需要處理 +（例如若要求每個資料都紀錄因果關係，這個量會很大而且不符合 OLTP 的模式：大量讀取小量異動）：
我們看到透過紀錄大量的版本來保持因果關係，但是實際應用程式基本上都是拉取很多資料而異動一部份資料，這樣版本的資訊會很龐大而失準。
-也許我們可以替每一個異動都加上版本（也就是全域的順序），只要每個叢集內的資料庫遵循著這個版本去執行，就能確保他的因果關係。這就好像單一領袖的資料叢集都會遵守領袖的異動順序，我們現在把這個概念套用在多領袖/無領袖的叢集上。
+也許我們可以替每一個異動都加上版本（也就是全域的順序）， +只要每個叢集內的資料庫遵循著這個版本去執行，就能確保他的因果關係。 +這就好像單一領袖的資料叢集都會遵守領袖的異動順序，我們現在把這個概念套用在多領袖/無領袖的叢集上。
Lamport 在早期明確訂立了「因果關係」和「全域順序」在分散式系統的重要性。他於 1978 年的論文是目前分散式系統相關論文中最多引用次數的論文之一。
+Lamport 在早期明確訂立了「因果關係」和「全域順序」在分散式系統的重要性。 +他於 1978 年的 +論文 +是目前分散式系統相關論文中最多引用次數的論文之一。
不過這個方式在建立使用者帳號這個場景並不怎麼適用（也就是說他並不是全域順序）。
-Lamport 時間戳記（序列化時間戳記）運作原理是每個節點和每個請求者做任何請求時都會攜帶最大的計數，當節點遇到比自己的計數還高的值時，則更新自己的計數，以此來確保全域的順序。
-但是如果兩個並行的請求分別在不同節點做使用者的註冊（就會像 c=6 時那個樣子），各節點不知道對方目前正在處理使用者的註冊，所以這個全域順序並沒辦法幫助我們避免註冊兩個重複的使用者。
要讓 序列化時間戳記 成功避免重複，就需要在節點處理異動請求時去和其他節點確認：我正要執行「計數為六」的異動，請你的計數加一。當其他節點再執行相同的異動（例如註冊同一個使用者帳號）時，因為他的計數是七，而他又知道計數六的異動正在執行相似的請求，於是他就拒絕執行計數七的異動。
+Lamport 時間戳記（序列化時間戳記）運作原理是每個節點和每個請求者做任何請求時都會攜帶最大的計數， +當節點遇到比自己的計數還高的值時，則更新自己的計數，以此來確保全域的順序。
+但是如果兩個並行的請求分別在不同節點做使用者的註冊（就會像 c=6 時那個樣子），
+各節點不知道對方目前正在處理使用者的註冊，所以這個全域順序並沒辦法幫助我們避免註冊兩個重複的使用者。
要讓 序列化時間戳記 成功避免重複，就需要在節點處理異動請求時去和其他節點確認： +我正要執行「計數為六」的異動，請你的計數加一。 +當其他節點再執行相同的異動（例如註冊同一個使用者帳號）時， +因為他的計數是七，而他又知道計數六的異動正在執行相似的請求，於是他就拒絕執行計數七的異動。
和版本向量的差異
序列化時間戳記（vector clock）容易和 版本向量 （version vector）混淆。
@@ -1315,11 +1356,15 @@我們了解因果關係在分散式系統的重要，也提了一些可以幫助我們得到因果關係的方式而全域順序廣播（total order broadcast）就是其一。
-剛剛我們提到節點通知大家：我正要執行「計數為六」的異動，請你的計數加一。這個做法就叫全域順序廣播。通常都是第三方管理這個順序，例如 ZooKeeper、etcd。
+我們了解因果關係在分散式系統的重要， +也提了一些可以幫助我們得到因果關係的方式而全域順序廣播（total order broadcast）就是其一。
+剛剛我們提到節點通知大家： +我正要執行「計數為六」的異動，請你的計數加一。 +這個做法就叫全域順序廣播。通常都是第三方管理這個順序，例如 ZooKeeper、etcd。
ZooKeeper 不是在做共識演算法嗎？
-有論文證明全域順序廣播和共識演算法是一樣的，待會我們提共識演算法的時候會再回到這主題。
+有論文證明全域順序廣播和共識演算法是一樣的， +待會我們提共識演算法的時候會再回到這主題。
全域順序廣播保證兩件事情：
@@ -1330,22 +1375,28 @@他也能用來被實踐於圍欄鎖（fencing token）中的遞增編號。
線性系統比全域順序廣播更為嚴謹，全域順序廣播確保異動執行的順序，但卻不保證異動送過去的順序。除此之外，線性系統要求讀取到的值就是最新狀態，然而全域順序廣播通常不會限制讀取的順序。
-但是線性系統是可以建立在全域順序廣播之上的。
--+但是線性系統比全域順序廣播更易實作出來。
-
線性系統比全域順序廣播更為嚴謹，全域順序廣播確保異動執行的順序，但卻不保證異動送過去的順序。 +除此之外，線性系統要求讀取到的值就是最新狀態，然而全域順序廣播通常不會限制讀取的順序。 +但是線性系統是可以建立在全域順序廣播之上的。
+Info
+線性系統比全域順序廣播更易實作出來。
+怎麼達成？
想像之前我們在討論競賽狀況時的住院醫生申請休假：休假的邏輯是先取得目前值班住院醫生人數，並於應用程式中檢查數量是否大於一，若大於則允許休假，反之則拒絕。
-同一時間兩個醫生請求休假，就會造成兩個醫師都休假成功。
-怎麼依上述例子（想簡單一點就是註冊帳號的例子）完成分散式的一致性（線性系統）？
+想像之前我們在討論競賽狀況時的住院醫生申請休假： +休假的邏輯是先取得目前值班住院醫生人數，並於應用程式中檢查數量是否大於一，若大於則允許休假，反之則拒絕。
+同一時間兩個醫生請求休假，就會造成兩個醫師都休假成功。 +怎麼依上述例子（想簡單一點就是註冊帳號的例子）完成分散式的一致性（線性系統）？
id1反過來說，全域順序廣播也可以透過線性系統達成，不過這裡就不贅述了。
我們再回頭比較一下 全域順序廣播 和 序列化時間戳記，全域順序廣播下的節點會監聽這個廣播，並確保照著順序執行異動。序列化時間戳記就是讓各節點得到一個共有的序列化戳記，但是不保證並行請求之間的衝突，因為並行的請求並沒有相依性。
-前面我們有提全域順序廣播就是在實踐共識演算法，我們也知道全域順序廣播和線性系統是可以相互實踐出來的。也就是一個分散式系統若能實踐線性的 increment-and-get（用來遞增「順序」），就能實踐出全域順序廣播。
-有論文在講這三件事：全域順序廣播、分散式系統下線性 increment-and-get、共識演算法，都是在處理一樣的事，如果我們有一個演算法能解決任一樣，就能一同解決所有問題。
+我們再回頭比較一下 全域順序廣播 和 序列化時間戳記， +全域順序廣播下的節點會監聽這個廣播，並確保照著順序執行異動。 +序列化時間戳記就是讓各節點得到一個共有的序列化戳記，但是不保證並行請求之間的衝突， +因為並行的請求並沒有相依性。
+前面我們有提全域順序廣播就是在實踐共識演算法，我們也知道全域順序廣播和線性系統是可以相互實踐出來的。 +也就是一個分散式系統若能實踐線性的 increment-and-get（用來遞增「順序」），就能實踐出全域順序廣播。
+有論文在講這三件事： +全域順序廣播、分散式系統下線性 increment-and-get、共識演算法，都是在處理一樣的事， +如果我們有一個演算法能解決任一樣，就能一同解決所有問題。
在開始講共識演算法之前，我們花了很多時間去釐清很多事情的關係（線性系統、因果關係、全域順序廣播）和理解一些背景知識（網路、時鐘、資料庫等等）。
-這也是為什麼共識演算法這麼難的原因，並不是因為他的實作很困難，而是他需要有很多背景知識才能讓我們對於他要處理的東西有所概念。
-共識演算法的概念很單純：讓各個節點同意某一個結果。但是若對這些背景知識不了解，會讓你錯誤的實作（coding）這些演算法。
+在開始講共識演算法之前，我們花了很多時間去釐清很多事情的關係（線性系統、因果關係、全域順序廣播） +和理解一些背景知識（網路、時鐘、資料庫等等）。
+這也是為什麼共識演算法這麼難的原因，並不是因為他的實作很困難， +而是他需要有很多背景知識才能讓我們對於他要處理的東西有所概念。
+共識演算法的概念很單純：讓各個節點同意某一個結果。但是若對這些背景知識不了解， +會讓你錯誤的實作（coding）這些演算法。
-大部分關聯式資料叢集都有實作 2PC。
以單一節點的資料庫為例，當請求進來時不會馬上異動資料，而是先寫進日誌（WAL）中，之後再執行這次異動。這麼做的好處是可以避免執行到一半機器重開機時可以復原。
-當狀況變成分散式系統時也是一樣。有一個協調者（coordinator）發送異動請求，確保異動被收到（prepare，phase 1）之後就會進行提交（commit，phase 2）。
+以單一節點的資料庫為例，當請求進來時不會馬上異動資料，而是先寫進日誌（WAL）中， +之後再執行這次異動。這麼做的好處是可以避免執行到一半機器重開機時可以復原。
+當狀況變成分散式系統時也是一樣。有一個協調者（coordinator）發送異動請求， +確保異動被收到（prepare，phase 1）之後就會進行提交（commit，phase 2）。
有點像結婚時，牧師問夫妻是否同意時雙方回答：我願意（prepare），之後牧師就會同意這場婚禮（commit）。
-除了第二階段之外，任何一段發生意外時，協調者都可以放棄本次異動。但是當事情進行到第二階段時（也就是大家都同意這次異動時）所有節點都必須完成這次異動，不論發生什麼事。對於節點的角度來說，當他在第一階段回答：準備好了時，他就必須等到協調者的回應，不管是放棄或提交，不論發生什麼事。
+除了第二階段之外，任何一段發生意外時，協調者都可以放棄本次異動。但是當事情進行到第二階段時 +（也就是大家都同意這次異動時）所有節點都必須完成這次異動，不論發生什麼事。 +對於節點的角度來說，當他在第一階段回答：準備好了時，他就必須等到協調者的回應，不管是放棄或提交。
總結一下做法：
當發生意外時，不論協調者或著節點都必須停止運作直到確認接收到「放棄」或「提交」。這就讓分散式系統的高可用性和效能完全失能。
-3PC 相較於 2PC 則不會讓節點或協調者停止運作，但是需要一個服務偵測系統，告訴協調者現在哪個節點停止運作了，但是服務偵測系統無法完美偵測錯誤（例如他對節點的網路中斷了，但是節點和節點仍可以正常溝通）導致這個系統失靈，所以即使 2PC 會有協調者失能時的狀況需要處理，但仍有很多資料庫叢集實作他。
+當發生意外時，不論協調者或著節點都必須停止運作直到確認接收到「放棄」或「提交」。 +這就讓分散式系統的高可用性和效能完全失能。
+3PC 相較於 2PC 則不會讓節點或協調者停止運作，但是需要一個服務偵測系統，告訴協調者現在哪個節點停止運作了， +但是服務偵測系統無法完美偵測錯誤（例如他對節點的網路中斷了，但是節點和節點仍可以正常溝通）導致這個系統失靈， +所以即使 2PC 會有協調者失能時的狀況需要處理，但仍有很多資料庫叢集實作他。
如果提交過程中有一部份資料庫沒有成功送出提交訊息，這些資料庫就會停止所有相關資料的異動（或甚至整個資料庫停止異動）。為什麼要這麼硬？這就是會了達成一致性的犧牲，如果資料庫準備好了但尚未進行提交而允許其他異動時，就會讓多台資料庫的狀態無法達成一致。
-這時就會發現其實協調者是資料庫叢集的一環，當協調者中止時，對資料庫叢集來說是一個很重大的傷害，這也降低了我們預期的高可用性。但是大部分協調者的實作都不支援高可用性（多節點）。
-有時協調者會被實作於應用程式中（透過 SDK 等等），這也讓應用程式從原本的無狀態變成有狀態。這種錯誤認知會造成很多維運上的意外，例如沒有正確 Auto Scaling 等等。
-有時協調者的資料（異動是否提交的結論）遺失了，或者因任何狀況導致協調者長時間無法運作，資料庫中通常都會有個 API （heuristic decision）允許不透過協調者直接告知資料庫是否要提交，這就是用來避免這個狀況的發生。但是資料庫是否要提交是需要到各個節點確認各自的運作狀態來決定的，不這麼做的好很可能會有一些資料庫是「提交」而一些是「放棄」。
+如果提交過程中有一部份資料庫沒有成功送出提交訊息，這些資料庫就會停止所有相關資料的異動（或甚至整個資料庫停止異動）。 +為什麼要這麼硬？這就是會了達成一致性的犧牲，如果資料庫準備好了但尚未進行提交而允許其他異動時， +就會讓多台資料庫的狀態無法達成一致。
+這時就會發現其實協調者是資料庫叢集的一環，當協調者中止時，對資料庫叢集來說是一個很重大的傷害， +這也降低了我們預期的高可用性。但是大部分協調者的實作都不支援高可用性（多節點）。
+有時協調者會被實作於應用程式中（透過 SDK 等等），這也讓應用程式從原本的無狀態變成有狀態。 +這種錯誤認知會造成很多維運上的意外，例如沒有正確 Auto Scaling 等等。
+有時協調者的資料（異動是否提交的結論）遺失了，或者因任何狀況導致協調者長時間無法運作， +資料庫中通常都會有個 API（heuristic decision）允許不透過協調者直接告知資料庫是否要提交， +這就是用來避免這個狀況的發生。但是資料庫是否要提交是需要到各個節點確認各自的運作狀態來決定的， +不這麼做的好很可能會有一些資料庫是「提交」而一些是「放棄」。
XA（eXtended Architecture）是一種介面，這個介面讓 2PC 允許在異質的應用程式間擁有相同的構通橋樑。
-例如資料庫和寄送郵件的應用程式。
+XA（eXtended Architecture）是一種介面，這個介面讓 2PC 允許在異質的應用程式間擁有相同的構通橋樑。 +例如資料庫和寄送郵件的應用程式。
一般我們在提共識演算法時，都是指上述這幾種，他們都會有一些特性異於 2PC，我們待會就會談。
-不過這裡要講的是這些共識演算法都會得到一個結論：多數決才能保證共識。也就是五個節點中，需要有三個節點同一這個結果。
+不過這裡要講的是這些共識演算法都會得到一個結論： +多數決才能保證共識。也就是五個節點中，需要有三個節點同一這個結果。
-有人做了一些比較。
不僅是實作，要使用這些共識演算法提供者本身就不容易了，所以有類似 Apache Curator 透過高維度的類別來幫助開發者使用 Apache ZooKeeper。
+不僅是實作，要使用這些共識演算法提供者本身就不容易了， +所以有類似 Apache Curator 透過高維度的類別來幫助開發者使用 Apache ZooKeeper。
這些共識演算法需要滿足上述四個條件。
ZooKeeper/etcd/.. 和一般的資料庫不太一樣，他們不是用來儲存線上異動資料的資料庫，相反的，通常他們能儲存的量都很小（足夠被放進記憶體裡面）而這個小型資料庫叢集也通常不會太多節點（3~5 個），避免共識的過程太耗時。
-通常他儲存的資料會是： 節點 10.1.1.23 是分區 7 的領袖 ，這種不容易變動但卻是很重要的資料。所以 ZooKeeper/etcd/.. 的資料叢集很可能會用來服務一組比他們還要大很多的叢集（例如上百個資料庫節點）
ZooKeeper/etcd/.. 和一般的資料庫不太一樣，他們不是用來儲存線上異動資料的資料庫，相反的， +通常他們能儲存的量都很小（足夠被放進記憶體裡面）而這個小型資料庫叢集也通常不會太多節點（3~5 個）， +避免共識的過程太耗時。
+通常他儲存的資料會是： 節點 10.1.1.23 是分區 7 的領袖 ，這種不容易變動但卻是很重要的資料。
+所以 ZooKeeper/etcd/.. 的資料叢集很可能會用來服務一組比他們還要大很多的叢集（例如上百個資料庫節點）
全域順序廣播就是一直重複執行共識演算法，確保每個節點都能按照相同順序去執行異動請求。
-因為每次異動請求都需要同步確認各節點的決定，所以效能不會好，除此之外當網路不穩定時（多個資料中心分散在不同場域）就很容易讓整個共識群組一直在重新選擇新的領袖。
-另外，共識是需要多數決的，當有新的節點進來這個群組，多數決的數量就會被改變。這種動態群組（dynamic membership）也是一個需要被解決的問題（開放研究）。
-效能問題和固定節點問題讓很多資料叢集選擇不使用共識演算法。除此之外，通常我們會在資料庫叢集之外建立一個共識演算法群組，這種系統外的架構，很可能會讓整體架構變得複雜。
+因為每次異動請求都需要同步確認各節點的決定，所以效能不會好， +除此之外當網路不穩定時（多個資料中心分散在不同場域）就很容易讓整個共識群組一直在重新選擇新的領袖。
+另外，共識是需要多數決的，當有新的節點進來這個群組，多數決的數量就會被改變。 +這種動態群組（dynamic membership）也是一個需要被解決的問題（開放研究）。
+效能問題和固定節點問題讓很多資料叢集選擇不使用共識演算法。 +除此之外，通常我們會在資料庫叢集之外建立一個共識演算法群組， +這種系統外的架構，很可能會讓整體架構變得複雜。
我們暸解了分散式資料庫面臨什麼狀況（網路延遲等等），並且順著思路往下走，知道要解決這個問題其實就是需要一個線性執行異動的系統。
-雖然線性系統能很好的幫助我們理解該如何處理分散式系統的共識，但是線性系統是很耗成本的，我們退而求其次，改採賦予因果關係這條路。
-賦予因果關係就是要替每一組異動請求加上他的來源，幫助資料庫決定這個請求該不該執行。他不像線性系統要求所有編號都是獨立的，就像版本控制的圖一樣，我們可以有多個分支代表並行請求，最後再合併起來，當合併錯誤時，就放棄（或嘗試修復並再發出一個分支）那些小分支。
-我們提到了全域順序廣播的實踐和其與共識演算法的關係。而共識演算法其實就是讓分散式系統變成一個序列化狀態機
-這章其實統合了前面所有分散式資料庫的內容。我們先前快速帶過了複製延遲但沒有提到當分區要做全域類型的搜尋（例如平均使用者年齡）時他可能會遇到的競賽狀況。在這一章都重新打開布幕讓我們一虧裡面實際會面臨的狀況和解法。
-這章雖然不像前面在講 資料倉儲 的時候那麼多數學的感覺，但是卻是最難的一部份，因為你要把前面所學到的所有東西整合在一起去思考。單台資料庫他面臨了什麼問題？他透過什麼方式解決？當解決完之後，放在分散式資料資料庫時為什麼會失靈？分散式資料庫又透過什麼樣抽象程度的角度去解決這件事？
-看完這次分享之後，你會發現其實大部分文字還是著重在理解上述的問題，而不是實際展示或說明某某演算法的實作和邏輯（理解完某某演算法的實作之後，隔幾個月之後很可能就會忘記實際內容，畢竟你需要反覆理解維運這些實作的機會真的很少，在限制學習時間的情況下，我更傾向於理解在解決問題時其背後的抽象層面），因為當你看完實作之後，你可能會有個結論：喔喔喔，共識演算法是讓一群節點得到一個共識，那然後呢？，我個人認為比較難的部分是去理解所謂「因果關係」在分散式系統的重要性，也就是全域順序廣播如何幫助我們避免分散式系統的邊際狀況。
+我們暸解了分散式資料庫面臨什麼狀況（網路延遲等等），並且順著思路往下走， +知道要解決這個問題其實就是需要一個線性執行異動的系統。
+雖然線性系統能很好的幫助我們理解該如何處理分散式系統的共識，但是線性系統是很耗成本的， +我們退而求其次，改採賦予因果關係這條路。
+賦予因果關係就是要替每一組異動請求加上他的來源，幫助資料庫決定這個請求該不該執行。 +他不像線性系統要求所有編號都是獨立的，就像版本控制的圖一樣，我們可以有多個分支代表並行請求， +最後再合併起來，當合併錯誤時，就放棄（或嘗試修復並再發出一個分支）那些小分支。
+我們提到了全域順序廣播的實踐和其與共識演算法的關係。 +而共識演算法其實就是讓分散式系統變成一個 +序列化狀態機
+這章其實統合了前面所有分散式資料庫的內容。 +我們先前快速帶過了複製延遲但沒有提到當分區要做全域類型的搜尋（例如平均使用者年齡）時他可能會遇到的競賽狀況。 +在這一章都重新打開布幕讓我們一虧裡面實際會面臨的狀況和解法。
+這章雖然不像前面在講 資料倉儲 的時候那麼多數學的感覺， +但是卻是最難的一部份，因為你要把前面所學到的所有東西整合在一起去思考。單台資料庫他面臨了什麼問題？ +他透過什麼方式解決？ +當解決完之後，放在分散式資料資料庫時為什麼會失靈？ +分散式資料庫又透過什麼樣抽象程度的角度去解決這件事？
+看完這次分享之後，你會發現其實大部分文字還是著重在理解上述的問題， +而不是實際展示或說明某某演算法的實作和邏輯 +（理解完某某演算法的實作之後，隔幾個月之後很可能就會忘記實際內容， +畢竟你需要反覆理解維運這些實作的機會真的很少，在限制學習時間的情況下， +我更傾向於理解在解決問題時其背後的抽象層面）， +因為當你看完實作之後，你可能會有個結論：喔喔喔，共識演算法是讓一群節點得到一個共識，那然後呢？ +，我個人認為比較難的部分是去理解所謂「因果關係」在分散式系統的重要性， +也就是全域順序廣播如何幫助我們避免分散式系統的邊際狀況。
一句話概括這章
分散式系統的容錯就是透過全域順序來維持因果關係。
@@ -1474,7 +1579,7 @@@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@
@@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
@@ -1277,14 +1277,14 @@
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{{ blog_content }}
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{{ blog_content essay }}
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\u9805\u76ee \u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206 \u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \u4f60\u591a\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8077\u7f3a\uff08\u672c\u56de\u7b54\u53ea\u6703\u7528\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u9014\uff097 3.922 1.024 0.607 \u6211\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u652f\u6301\u5275\u610f\u767c\u60f36 3.922 0.999 0.869 \u6211\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6a196 3.680 0.828 0.830 \u6211\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u7372\u5229\u76846 3.635 0.913 0.605\u7d44\u7e54\u5f71\u97ff\u69cb\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4fe1\u5ea6: 0.823\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u7570\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf: 0.545
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u7d50\u679c","title":"\u7d50\u679c","text":"\u900f\u904e\u554f\u5377\u548c PLS-SEM\uff0c\u7d71\u8a08\u4e26\u8a08\u7b97\u5f97\u5230 \u5404\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u5c0d\u5404\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a
---\ntitle: \u6307\u6a19\u5c0d\u5404\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5ea6\n---\nflowchart LR\n p[\u500b\u4eba]\n t[\u5718\u968a]\n o[\u7d44\u7e54]\n fs(\u5fc3\u6d41)\n fl(\u56de\u994b)\n cl(\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377)\n fs --0.307-->p\n fs --0.173-->t\n fs --0.167-->o\n fl --NS-->p\n fl --0.141-->t\n fl --NS-->o\n cl --0.254-->p\n cl --0.422-->t\n cl --0.325-->o\n\u4ee5\u5716\u4e2d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u300c\u56de\u994b\u300d\u5c31\u53ea\u5c0d\u300c\u5718\u968a\u300d\u6709\u8f03\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b \u800c\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u300d\u5247\u662f\u5c0d\u300c\u5718\u968a\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u6709\u6700\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u300c\u5fc3\u6d41\u300d\u5c0d\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u9ad8\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u5fc3\u6d41","title":"\u5fc3\u6d41","text":"\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u7a0b\u4eba\u54e1\u5c08\u6ce8\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u512a\u5316\u500b\u4eba\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u512a\u5316\u5718\u968a\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u3002
\u80fd\u5920\u64c1\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u6642\u9593\u7684\u6c88\u6d78\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u589e\u52a0 50% \u7684\u751f\u7522\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u958b\u767c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u6e96\u78ba\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u6c88\u6d78\u958b\u767c\uff0c \u4f46\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u74b0\u5883\u4e0a\uff08\u5b89\u975c\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff09\u9084\u662f\u5718\u968a\u5354\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff08\u6e1b\u5c11\u6703\u8b70\uff09\u3002
\u91dd\u5c0d\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u9032\u884c\u5de5\u7a0b\u958b\u767c\u6703\u589e\u52a0 30% \u7684\u751f\u7522\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u5718\u968a\u5167\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e92\u63db\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u90e8\u591a\u5718\u968a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e92\u63db\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e0d\u540c\u958b\u767c\u74b0\u5883\u3002 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9ed1\u5ba2\u677e\u4f86\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u6311\u6230\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u56de\u994b","title":"\u56de\u994b","text":"\u597d\u7684\u56de\u994b\u50c5\u80fd\u512a\u5316\u5718\u968a\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002
\u64c1\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\u5be9\u95b1\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u7522\u54c1 20% \u7684\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\u5be9\u95b1\u6703\u52a0\u5feb\u5718\u968a\u8d70\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u61c9\u5167\u90e8\u958b\u767c\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u6703\u964d\u4f4e 50% \u7684\u6280\u8853\u50b5\u767c\u751f\u7387\uff0c \u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u4ee3\u78bc\u6587\u4ef6\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8981\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u95b1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377","title":"\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377","text":"\u82e5\u958b\u767c\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u9ad8\u5ea6\u719f\u6089\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u63d0\u9ad8 42% \u7684\u958b\u767c\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6703\u8b70\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u8de8\u5718\u968a\u6216\u5718\u968a\u5167\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5982\u679c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u63d0\u5347 50% \u7684\u5275\u65b0\u3002 \u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u6e1b\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u7559\u4efb\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u5718\u968a\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u7e3d\u7d50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u958b\u767c\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u908a\u7684\u7cbe\u83ef\u5728\u65bc \u7528\u6578\u64da\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8861\u91cf\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u59cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u52a0\u901f\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u512a\u5316\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6578\u5b57\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u5347 40%\uff0c\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u964d\u4f4e 10%\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u52a3\u52e2\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u65bc\u512a\u5316\u958b\u767c\u9ad4\u9a57\u662f\u525b\u8d77\u6b65\u9084\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\u3002
1=\u5f9e\u4e0d\u30012=\u9bae\u5c11\u30013=\u5076\u723e\u30014=\u7d93\u5e38\u30015=\u5e7e\u4e4e\u00a0\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9
1=\u6578\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u4e00\u6b21\u30012=\u6bcf\u65e5\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30013=\u6bcf\u5169\u5929\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30014=\u6bcf\u9031\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30015=\u6bcf\u5468\u5c0f\u65bc\u4e00\u6b21\u00a0\u21a9
1=\u6bcf\u5169\u5929\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30012=\u6bcf\u5468\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30013=\u6bcf\u5169\u5468\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30014=\u6bcf\u6708\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30015=\u6bcf\u6708\u5c0f\u65bc\u4e00\u6b21\u00a0\u21a9
1=0-20%\u30012=21-40%\u30013=41-60%\u30014=61-80%\u30015=81-100%\u00a0\u21a9
1=\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u30012=\u7cdf\u7cd5\u30013=\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u30014=\u597d\u30015=\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u00a0\u21a9\u21a9
1=\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u30012=\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u30013=\u7121\u6cd5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u30014=\u540c\u610f\u30015=\u975e\u5e38\u540c\u610f\u00a0\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9
1=\u6bcf\u65e5\u30012=\u6bcf\u9031\u30013=\u6bcf\u6708\u30014=\u6bcf\u6578\u6708\u30015=\u5f9e\u4e0d\u00a0\u21a9
GPL \u548c AGPL \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5565\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u8a72\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u8981\u516c\u958b\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\uff09\u3002
If you are not directly linking against the GPL'd library, then your software should not need to be licensed as GPL.
Reference
\u4f46\u662f LGPL \u6216 GPL with classpath exception \u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8a31\u5f15\u7528\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u76f4\u63a5\u8907\u88fd\u8cbc\u4e0a\u9032\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u3002
There are less permissive licenses like the LGPL and the GPL with classpath exception that allow the code to be linked by any other code (so in Java terms, you can have dependencies with those licenses), but not embedded (or, more likely copy-pasted).
Reference
\u4e0b\u8868\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u8a31\u53ef\u9593\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
The easiest way to check all your npm dependency
\u5728\u591a\u500b Repo \u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 GPL \u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6703\u662f\uff1a
\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b script \u627e\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/gpl-check/#npm","title":"NPM","text":"# data/derived/package.json.deps.txt has package name in second column, same as composer\n$ awk '{print $2}' data/derived/package.json.deps.txt \\\n | sort -u \\\n | xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c 'curl \"https://registry.npmjs.org/{}/latest\" -s \\\n | jq -r '\"'\"'select(.name != null) | [.name, .license|tostring] | @tsv'\"'\"' \\\n | tee -a data/derived/package.json.deps.license.txt'\n$ awk '{print $2}' data/derived/composer.json.deps.txt \\\n # \u907f\u514d\u7279\u5b9a vendor \u7684\u5957\u4ef6\n | grep -v '^104' \\\n # \u907f\u514d\u975e\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 php\n | grep '\\/' \\\n | sort -u \\\n | xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c '\n curl \"https://repo.packagist.org/p2/$1.json\" -s \\\n | jq -r \".packages[] | to_entries | .[].value | select(.name != null) | [.name, .license|tostring] | @tsv\" \\\n | sed \"s/\\\",\\\"/\\\\t/g\" | sed \"s/\\\\[\\\"//\" | sed \"s/\\\"\\\\]//\" \\\n | tee -a data/derived/composer.json.deps.license.txt' - {}\nMaven \u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u6709\u9ede\u591a\uff0c\u5148\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u518d\u53d6\u8a72\u7248\u672c\u7684 POM \u6a94\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee5 org.springframework.boot \u7684 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa \u70ba\u4f8b\u3002
scripts/parse-pom.js \u8a73\u898b\u65bc\u6b64
$ base='https://repo1.maven.org/maven2'\n# \u4e0d\u662f `.` \u505a\u5340\u9694\u800c\u662f `/`\n$ project='org/springframework/boot'\n$ app='pring-boot-starter-data-jpa'\n# \u53d6\u5f97\u6307\u5b9a\u5957\u4ef6\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\n$ curl -s \"$base/$project/$app/maven-metadata.xml\" \\\n | grep '<latest>' \\\n # \u79fb\u9664 <latest>2.7.1</latest> \u7684 tag\n | cut -c 13- | rev | cut -c 10- | rev\n2.7.1\n\n# \u53d6\u8a72\u7248\u672c\u7684 POM \u6a94\n$ curl \"$base/$project/$app/2.7.1/$app-2.7.1.pom\" \\\n | node scripts/parse-pom.js\norg.springframework.boot pring-boot-starter-data-jpa Apache-License-Version-2.0\n\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 script\uff1a
build.gradle \u548c pom.xml \u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7be9\u9078\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c pom.xml \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7be9\u9078 dep \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5
. 5. \u628a\u7d50\u679c\u4ee5 / \u9023\u7d50$ file='data/derived/build.gradle.deps'\n$ filter='NF >= 4'\n$ filter=\"$filter && \\$2 ~ /.*dependency.*/\"\n$ filter=\"$filter && \\$3 !~ /(104|jar|androidx|com\\.cac\\.)/\"\n$ filter=\"$filter && \\$3 ~ /\\./\"\n$ awk \"$filter {print \\$3 \\\"/\\\" \\$4}\" \"$file.txt\" | \\\n sed 's/\\./\\//g' | \\\n sort -u > \"$file.trimmed.txt\"\n\n$ cat data/derived/build.gradle.deps.trimmed.txt | \\\n xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c '\n curl -s \"$base/$1/maven-metadata.xml\" \\\n | grep \"<latest>\" \\\n | cut -c 13- | rev | cut -c 10- | rev \\\n | awk \"{print \\\"$1 \\\" \\$1}\" >> \"$file.latest.txt\"' - {}\n\n$ cat \"$file.latest.txt\" | \\\n awk '{print $1 \"/\" $2 \" \" $1 \"-\" $2 \".pom\"}' | \\\n sed 's/ .*\\//\\//g' | \\\n xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c '\n curl \"$base/$1\" -s \\\n | node scripts/parse-pom.js \\\n >> \"$file.license.txt\"' - {}\n\u67e5\u627e\u7d50\u679c
"},{"location":"essay/gpl-check/#npm_1","title":"NPM","text":"build.gradle \u548c pom.xml \u90fd\u8981\u8dd1\u5b8c\u3002
Nginx using calendar versioning, and it release stable version every 2 years.
If you are wondering what changes between 1.18 and 1.20 then you can see all changes in 1.19. The reason 1.22 has additional version (1.22.1) is because CVE (CVE-2022-41741, CVE-2022-41742)
Message prefix \ud83d\udc41\ufe0f is change that I think it is important.
You can grep the messages by raw changes: by-versions or by structured: by-module/by-protocols/others.
"},{"location":"essay/nginx-changelog/#global","title":"Global","text":"Security:
resolver directive was used, allowing an attacker who is able to forge UDP packets from the DNS server to cause worker process crash or, potentially, arbitrary code execution (CVE-2021-23017). 1.21.0Feature:
min_free parameter of the proxy_cache_path, fastcgi_cache_path, scgi_cache_path, and uwsgi_cache_path directives. Thanks to Adam Bambuch. 1.19.1userid_flags directive. 1.19.3proxy_cookie_flags directive. 1.19.3proxy_cookie_flags directive can now contain variables. 1.19.8$connection_time variable. 1.19.10keepalive_time directive. 1.19.10Bugfix:
negative size buf in writer alerts might appear in logs if a memcached server returned a malformed response. 1.19.1large_client_header_buffers sizes were used in different virtual servers. 1.19.2[crit] cache file ... has too long header messages might appear in logs if caching was used and the backend returned responses with the Vary header line. 1.19.3stale-if-error cache control extension was erroneously applied if backend returned a response with status code 500, 502, 503, 504, 403, 404, or 429. 1.19.3upstream sent frame for closed stream errors might occur when working with gRPC backends. 1.19.5GET http://example.com?args HTTP/1.0. 1.19.6no live upstreams errors if a server inside upstream block was marked as down. 1.19.6add_trailer directive. 1.19.7return directive was used with the image_filter or xslt_stylesheet directives. 1.19.7zero size buf in output alerts might appear in logs if an upstream server returned an incorrect response during unbuffered proxying; the bug had appeared in 1.19.1. 1.19.7auth_delay or limit_req delay, or when working with backends. 1.19.9\", <, >, \\, ^, ``,{,|, and}` characters when proxying with changed URI. 1.21.1info level instead of error; the bug had appeared in 1.21.1. 1.21.4$content_length variable when using chunked transfer encoding. 1.21.4Connection: keep-alive header line in responses during graceful shutdown of old worker processes. 1.21.6EPOLLEXCLUSIVE on Linux client connections were unevenly distributed among worker processes. 1.21.6Change:
keepalive_requests directive was changed to 1000. 1.19.10Host request header line. 1.21.1Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding header lines are present in the request. 1.21.1Transfer-Encoding header line. 1.21.2sendfile_max_chunk directive was changed to 2 megabytes. 1.21.4Workaround:
[crit] SSL_write() failed messages might appear in logs when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. 1.19.3gzip filter failed to use preallocated memory alerts appeared in logs when using zlib-ng. 1.19.10Grouped by modules.
Bugfix:
mp4_start_key_frame directive in the ngx_http_mp4_module. Thanks to Tracey Jaquith. 1.21.4Feature:
fastopen parameter of the listen directive in the stream module. Thanks to Anbang Wen. 1.21.0SSL_sendfile() when using OpenSSL 3.0. 1.21.4ssl_alpn directive in the stream module. 1.21.4proxy_half_close directive in the stream module. 1.21.4Feature:
proxy_smtp_auth directive in mail proxy. 1.19.4proxy_protocol parameter of the listen directive, the proxy_protocol and set_real_ip_from directives in mail proxy. 1.19.8max_errors directive in the mail proxy module. 1.21.0Bugfix:
Grouped by protocols.
"},{"location":"essay/nginx-changelog/#ssl","title":"SSL","text":"Feature:
ssl_reject_handshake directive. 1.19.4ssl_conf_command, proxy_ssl_conf_command, grpc_ssl_conf_command, and uwsgi_ssl_conf_command directives. 1.19.4proxy_ssl_certificate, proxy_ssl_certificate_key grpc_ssl_certificate, grpc_ssl_certificate_key, uwsgi_ssl_certificate, and uwsgi_ssl_certificate_key directives. 1.21.0Auth-SSL-Protocol and Auth-SSL-Cipher header lines are now passed to the mail proxy authentication server. Thanks to Rob Mueller. 1.21.2$ssl_alpn_protocol variable. 1.21.4$ssl_curve variable. 1.21.5Bugfix:
ssl_ocsp directive. 1.19.1SSL_shutdown() failed (SSL: ... bad write retry) messages might appear in logs. 1.19.2ssl_ocsp directive was used. 1.19.2SSL_shutdown() failed (SSL: ... bad write retry) messages might appear in logs; the bug had appeared in 1.19.2. 1.19.3@SECLEVEL=N in the ssl_ciphers directive. 1.21.2ssl_session_ticket_key when using TLSv1.3. 1.21.6Change:
Bugfix:
upstream sent frame for closed stream errors might occur when working with gRPC backends. 1.19.5Feature
Bugfix:
resolver directive was not specified. 1.19.0upstream sent response body larger than indicated content length errors might occur when working with gRPC backends; the bug had appeared in 1.19.1. 1.19.9Bugfix:
error_page directive. 1.19.3keepalive_timeout 0; the bug had appeared in 1.19.7. 1.19.8Content-Length header line was not present in the request. 1.21.2aio_write directive. 1.21.4sendfile and aio directives. 1.21.5Change:
lingering_close, lingering_time, and lingering_timeout directives now work when using HTTP/2. 1.19.1http2_max_field_size and http2_max_header_size directives have been removed, the large_client_header_buffers directive should be used instead. 1.19.7http2_recv_timeout, http2_idle_timeout, and http2_max_requests directives have been removed, the keepalive_timeout and keepalive_requests directives should be used instead. 1.19.7Bugfix:
zero size buf in output alerts might appear in logs if a FastCGI server returned an incorrect response; the bug had appeared in 1.19.1. 1.19.2Change:
from 1.19.0 to 1.22.1(stable)
"},{"location":"essay/nginx-changelog/#1216","title":"1.21.6","text":"\ud83d\udcc6 25 Jan 2022
\ud83d\udcc6 28 Dec 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 02 Nov 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 07 Sep 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 31 Aug 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 06 Jul 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 25 May 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 13 Apr 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 30 Mar 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 09 Mar 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 16 Feb 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 15 Dec 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 24 Nov 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 27 Oct 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 29 Sep 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 11 Aug 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 07 Jul 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 26 May 2020
Node.js v14 \u7248\u5c07\u65bc 2023-04-30 \u8d77\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u63f4\uff08EOL\uff09\uff0c \u800c v16 \u7248\u5c07\u65bc 2023-09-11 \u904e\u671f\uff0c \u7531\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5f9e v14 \u76f4\u63a5\u5347\u5230 v18\uff082025-04-30\uff09\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u6703\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u9ede\u3002
\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u6709\u6458\u8981\u6574\u7406\u55ce\u7576\u7136\u6709\uff0c\u4f60\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u5403\u751f\u9b5a\u7247\uff1a
\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u716e\u904e\u7684\uff1a
v14 \u5230 v18 \u652f\u63f4\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u5f9e ES2019 \u5347\u5230 ES2023\uff0c \u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f v14 \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b ES2019 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 v14 \u652f\u63f4 private class method\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u537b\u662f ES2022 \u624d\u958b\u59cb\u652f\u63f4\u7684 API\uff1a
class MyClass {\n #myPrivateField = 'this is private';\n}\n\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u5c0d\u7167\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230 node.green \u67e5\u770b\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/node-changelog-14-18/#v8","title":"V8","text":"Node.js \u6bcf\u6b21\u5347\u7248\u90fd\u6703\u66f4\u65b0 V8 \u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u6240\u6709\u7248\u672c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230 Chrome road-map \u67e5\u770b\u3002 v14 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f 8.6\uff0c\u800c v18 \u5247\u662f 10.1\u3002
\u6240\u8b02 V8 10.1 \u7248\u672c\uff0c \u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9 Chrome 101 \u7248\uff0c\u8a73\u898b V8 version numbering scheme\u3002
V8 \u7684\u5347\u7248\u5927\u81f4\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d ES \u7684\u9069\u61c9\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u8abf\u6821\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053 V8 \u65b0\u589e\u6216\u8abf\u6574\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b API \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\uff1a
git log branch-heads/A.B..branch-heads/X.Y include/v8\\*.h\n\u4f86\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u8a73\u898b api-changes\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/node-changelog-14-18/#typescript","title":"TypeScript","text":"TypeScript \u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e5f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba Node.js \u5347\u7248\u800c\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\uff1a
v14 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684 openssl \u7248\u672c\u662f v1.1.1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f v18 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684 openssl \u662f v3.0\uff0c \u76f8\u95dc\u5dee\u7570\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b openssl migration_guide\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u61c9\u8a72\u662f TLS \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002 \u5728 v3.0 \u4e2d\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u62d2\u7d55 server \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684 renegotiation \u6a5f\u5236\uff0c \u8a73\u898b RFC-5736 TLS Renegotiation Extension\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e openssl \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u500b\u5354\u5b9a\uff1a
$ openssl s_client -connect legacy-server.example.com:443\nCONNECTED(00000005)\n8056015BF87F0000:error:0A000152:SSL routines:final_renegotiate:unsafe legacy renegotiation disabled:ssl/statem/extensions.c:893:\n---\nno peer certificate available\n---\nNo client certificate CA names sent\n---\nSSL handshake has read 53 bytes and written 338 bytes\nVerification: OK\n---\nNew, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)\nSecure Renegotiation IS NOT supported\nCompression: NONE\nExpansion: NONE\nNo ALPN negotiated\nSSL-Session:\n Protocol : TLSv1.2\n Cipher : 0000\n Session-ID: \n Session-ID-ctx: \n Master-Key: \n PSK identity: None\n PSK identity hint: None\n SRP username: None\n Start Time: 1681355997\n Timeout : 7200 (sec)\n Verify return code: 0 (ok)\n Extended master secret: no\n---\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported \u9019\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c \u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\u62d2\u7d55\u9019\u6b21\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u9084\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u820a\u7248\u7684 TLS \u5be6\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u900f\u904e tcpdump \u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5c01\u5305\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 server hello \u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7f3a\u5c11\u8a72 extension \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
Extension: renegotiation_info (len=1)\nType: renegotiation_info (65281)\nLength: 1\nRenegotiation Info extension\n Renegotiation info extension length: 0\n\u5982\u679c\u74b0\u5883\u5f88\u96e3\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 HTTP client \u4e0a\u505a\u8abf\u6574\uff1a
import { constants } from 'node:crypto'\naxios.create({\n httpsAgent: new https.Agent({\n secureOptions: constants.SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION,\n }),\n});\n\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u555f\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\u9935\u7d66 OpenSSL \u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\uff1a
nodejs_conf = openssl_init\n\n[openssl_init]\nssl_conf = ssl_sect\n\n[ssl_sect]\nsystem_default = system_default_sect\n\n[system_default_sect]\nOptions = UnsafeLegacyRenegotiation\n\u7136\u5f8c\u555f\u52d5 Node.js\uff1a
# \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578 OPENSSL_CONF\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u512a\u5148\u6b0a\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002\nnode --openssl-config=openssl.conf\n\u5b8c\u6574\u904e\u6642\uff08deprecated\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u7167\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u6b77\u4f86\u6240\u6709\u904e\u6642\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc v14 \u5230 v18 \u4e4b\u9593\u904e\u6642\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6bd4\u5c0d v14 \u7684\u904e\u6642\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u627e\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u591a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u904e\u6642\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u9762\u624d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aDEP0153 dns.lookup and dnsPromises.lookup options type coercion\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u51fa\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u9ede\uff1a
request.abort() \u7684\u68c4\u7528\uff0c \u5efa\u8b70\u6539\u6210 request.destroy()\u9019\u88e1\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
import { setTimeout } from 'timers/promises';\nasync function run() {\n await setTimeout(5000);\n}\nheadersTimeout\uff1a\u8b80\u53d6 HTTP Header \u8d85\u904e 60 \u79d2\u5f8c\u6703\u4e2d\u65b7\u9023\u7ddarequestTimeout\uff1a\u8655\u7406 HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u8d85\u904e 5 \u5206\u9418\u5f8c\u6703\u4e2d\u65b7\u9023\u7dda\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u9084\u5728\u958b\u767c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
const myInit = {\n method: \"GET\",\n headers: {\n Accept: \"image/jpeg\",\n },\n mode: \"cors\",\n cache: \"default\",\n};\n\nfetch(new Request(\"flowers.jpg\"), myInit)\nimport test from 'node:test';\nimport assert from 'assert';\n\ntest('synchronous passing test', (t) => {\n // This test passes because it does not throw an exception.\n assert.strictEqual(1, 1);\n});\n\u9019\u6b21\u5347\u7248\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u7121\u75db\u5347\u7248\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5e73\u5e38\u6709\u5728\u7528\u975c\u614b\u898f\u5247\u548c\u55ae\u5143\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5347\u7248\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u8f03\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002 \u5c31\u653e\u5fc3\u7d66\u5b83\u5347\u4e0a\u53bb\u5427\uff01
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/","title":"PLS-SEM\uff1a\u91cf\u5316\u62bd\u8c61\u6307\u6a19","text":"PLS-SEM \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9a57\u8b49\u5047\u8a2d\u3001\u6578\u64da\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u5c07\u89e3\u91cb\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002
\u53c3\u7167
\u672c\u7bc7\u53c3\u7167 \u300cPartial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook\u300d\u3002
\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJoseph F. Hair Jr., G. Tomas M. Hult, Christian M. Ringle, Marko Sarstedt, Nicholas P. Danks, Soumya Ray
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u7d50\u69cb\u8aaa\u660e","title":"\u7d50\u69cb\u8aaa\u660e","text":"\u5de6\u53f3\u5169\u908a\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7a31\u4f5c \u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08measurement model\uff09\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u69cb\u9762\uff08Y1 \u5230 Y4\uff0cconstruct\uff09\u548c\u8b8a\u6578\uff08x1 \u5230 x10\uff0cvariable\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5247\u7a31\u4f5c \u7d50\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\uff08structural model\uff09\u3002
x1 \u5230 x10 \u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6307\u6a19\u8b8a\u6578\uff08\u6216\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u3001\u9805\u76ee\uff0cindicator variable, indicator, latent variable, item\uff09\uff1a
x1 \u5230 x6\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6307\u6a19 \uff08\u6216\u5916\u751f\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\uff0cformative indicator, exogenous latent variable\uff09\uff1bx7 \u5230 x9\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6307\u6a19 \uff08\u6216\u5167\u751f\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\uff0creflective indicator, endogenous latent variable\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e0a\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u5de6\u908a\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u662f \u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08formative measurement model\uff09\u3001 \u53f3\u908a\u5247\u662f \u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08reflective measurement model\uff09\u3002
\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u69cb\u9762\u548c\u8b8a\u6578\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 x1 \u5230 x3 \u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb Y1\u3001Y1 \u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb Y2\uff1b \u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u4ea6\u5982\u662f\u3002\u800c\u76f8\u5c0d
\u7576\u69cb\u9762\u6216\u8b8a\u6578\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9805\u76ee\u5171\u8b8a\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08error terms\uff0ce7 \u5230 e9 \u548c z3 \u5230 z4\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5617\u8a66\u300c\u8a08\u7b97\u300d\uff08\u6216\u5171\u8b8a\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u7b46\u6578\u64da\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u800c\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002 \u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u69cb\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7d42\u7522\u751f\u7684\u662f\u5404\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u89e3\u91cb\u69cb\u9762\u6642\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u800c\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c Y4 \u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u6240\u4ee5\u6307\u6a19\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u55ae\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u6642\u7528\u4f86\u300c\u89e3\u91cb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8a08\u7b97\u300d\u3002
\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\uff08measurement variable\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u8b8a\u6578\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u300d\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002
\u7576\u5047\u8a2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u69cb\u9762\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u500b\u6216\u55ae\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u578b\u6642\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\u6216\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u6bd4\u8f03-cb-sem","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03 CB-SEM","text":"\u4f86\u6e90\u9019\u6bb5\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u300d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u9810\u8a2d\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u8a31\u591a\u4f86\u6e90\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u300d\uff0c \u5efa\u8b70\u53c3\u7167\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d 1.3 \u7ae0\u300cPLS-SEM and CB-SEM\u300d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u9023\u7d50\u3002
\u611f\u60f3
\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u6bb5\u662f\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff0cPLS-SEM \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6bb5\u843d\u5617\u8a66\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002
PLS-SEM \u548c CB-SEM \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u6bcf\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
CB-SEM \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u7684 SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u69cb\u9762\u8996\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u76f8\u95dc\u6307\u6a19\u4e4b\u9593\u5171\u8b8a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6307\u6a19\u53ca\u5176\u5171\u8b8a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0cCB-SEM \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65bd\u52a0\u7279\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u5982\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u8003\u91cf\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5f15\u5c0e\u5047\u8a2d\u6216\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u300d\u3002
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cPLS-SEM \u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d44\u5408\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc PLS \u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u7684 SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5728 PLS-SEM \u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8a08\u662f\u4ee5\u7dda\u6027\u7d44\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u6574\u5408\u6307\u6a19\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c \u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u6307\u647d\u662f\u5c0d\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4ee3\u7406\u3002 \u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457 PLS-SEM \u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u4f30\u8a08\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u69cb\u9762\u3002 \u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u4f30\u8a08\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5373\u5f62\u6210\u7d44\u5408\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u4e0d\u61c9\u8207\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5373\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u70ba\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u6027\uff09\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cPLS \u91cb\u653e\u4e86 CB-SEM \u7684\u5f37\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u6307\u6a19\u96c6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5171\u8b8a\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u52a0\u6b0a\u7d44\u5408\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8003\u616e\u6e2c\u91cf\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97 PLS-SEM \u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u7e3d\u5206\u7684\u591a\u5143\u8ff4\u6b78\uff08multiple regression using sum scores\uff09\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u90fd\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u52a0\u6b0a\u3002
\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cPLS-SEM \u7522\u751f\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u4e26\u4e0d\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u70ba\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba CB-SEM \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u5be6\u8b49\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c PLS-SEM \u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u537b\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728 CB-SEM \u4e2d\u884d\u751f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff08metrological uncertainty\uff09\u3002
\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u6307\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u88ab\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u5206\u6563\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u4f86\u6e90\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6216\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u6e2c\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6642\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9019\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86 CB-SEM \u5206\u6790\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u9a57\u8b49\u6e2c\u91cf\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u7684SEM\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5728 CB-SEM \u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u8655\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u660e\u986f\u589e\u52a0\u3002 \u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u578b\u9069\u914d\u5ea6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u6bcf\u500b\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7d44\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c \u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u8a8d\u70ba CB-SEM \u5728\u8861\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u6982\u5ff5\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u9010\u6f38\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7e3d\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u6e2c\u91cf\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u69cb\u9762\u5206\u6578\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e5f\u5c0d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728 CB-SEM \u6846\u67b6\u5167\u4f30\u8a08\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u5206\u6578\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u4f30\u8a08\u5206\u6578\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7121\u9650\u591a\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u5206\u6578\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6a21\u578b\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5206\u6578\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7d50\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u8207\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8b8a\u6578\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97 CB-SEM \u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u3002
\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cPLS-SEM\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u512a\u52e2\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6307\u6a19\u6b0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5b83\u7e3d\u662f\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u7d44\u5408\u751f\u6210\u55ae\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u5373\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u5206\u6578\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u6578\u662f\u88ab\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u662f CB-SEM \u4e2d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4e00\u6a23\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u300d\u7576\u6578\u503c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u6642\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff08indeterminancy\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff08determinancy\uff09\u3002
\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7406\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\uff0cPLS-SEM \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u5e73\u65b9\u8ff4\u6b78\uff08least squares regression\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c \u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5167\u751f\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u9805\uff08\u5373\u6b98\u5dee\u65b9\u5dee\uff09\u3002 \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cPLS-SEM \u901a\u904e\u4f30\u8a08\u4fc2\u6578\uff08\u5373\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5167\u751f\u69cb\u9762\uff08\u5373\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff09\u7684 \\(R^2\\) \u503c\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7279\u6027\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86 PLS-SEM \u7684\uff08\u6a23\u672c\u5167\uff09\u9810\u6e2c\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u8b8a\u7570\uff08\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\uff09\u6642\uff0cPLS-SEM \u662f\u9996\u9078\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cPLS-SEM \u4e5f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u8b8a\u7570\u7684 SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0cPLS-SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u4f86\u4f30\u8a08\u6a21\u578b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u91cd\u5c0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8b8a\u6578 \uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9019\u7bc7\uff09 \u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u3002
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cCB-SEM \u5c07\u7e3d\u8b8a\u7570\u62c6\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff1a\u5171\u540c\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u548c\u8aa4\u5dee\u8b8a\u7570\u3002 \u4f46\u50c5\u5229\u7528\u5171\u540c\u8b8a\u7570\uff08\u5373\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u6a19\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\uff09\u9032\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8a08\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0cCB-SEM \u50c5\u89e3\u91cb\u6e2c\u91cf\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u6a19\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5354\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8b8a\u6578\u3002
PLS \u8ff4\u6b78PLS-SEM \u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u591a\u8b8a\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\u6280\u8853\uff0cPLS \u8ff4\u6b78\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u3002 PLS \u8ff4\u6b78\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u8ff4\u6b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u63a2\u7d22\u591a\u500b\u81ea\u8b8a\u6578\u8207\u55ae\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u56e0\u8b8a\u6578\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0cPLS \u8ff4\u6b78\u8207\u5e38\u898f\u8ff4\u6b78\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u958b\u767c\u8ff4\u6b78\u6a21\u578b\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u65b9\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u591a\u81ea\u8b8a\u6578\u7d44\u5408\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u7d44\u5408\u56e0\u5b50\u3002 \u800c PLS-SEM \u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u9810\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u69cb\u9762\u8207\u69cb\u9762\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u8207\u8b8a\u6578\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u3002
\u4e0b\u8868\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86 PLS-SEM \u548c CB-SEM \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u7279\u5fb5 PLS-SEM CB-SEM \u54f2\u5b78 \u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408 \u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50 \u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b \u69cb\u9762\u5206\u6578\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c \u69cb\u9762\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50 \u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8a08 \u6700\u5c0f\u5e73\u65b9\u8ff4\u6b78 \u6700\u5927\u6982\u4f3c\u4f30\u8a08 \u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5 \u8b8a\u7570\u91cf\u5206\u6790 \u5171\u8b8a\u91cf\u5206\u6790 \u8cc7\u6599\u985e\u578b \u7121\u5206\u4f48\u8981\u6c42 \u5e38\u614b\u5206\u4f48 \u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55 \u5c0d\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u9810\u6e2c \u5c0d\u65bc\u6f5b\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf \u7406\u8ad6\u65b9\u5411 \u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55 \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf \u8b8a\u7570\u89e3\u91cb \u91cd\u8996\u5c0d\u5167\u751f\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u89e3\u91cb \u8f03\u5c11\u95dc\u6ce8\u89e3\u91cb\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u95dc\u6ce8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9069\u914d\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b \u6a21\u578b\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6 \u5c0d\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f03\u5f37\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6027 \u5728\u8907\u96dc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a08\u7b97\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u6230"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805","title":"\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805","text":"\u8a2d\u8a08 PLS-SEM \u6a21\u578b\u6642\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u56db\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff1a
\u9078\u7528\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u6216\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08levels of measurement\uff09\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c \u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6709\u56db\u500b\u7a2e\u985e\uff1a
\u91dd\u5c0d\u5047\u8a2d\u9032\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7f6e\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u9032\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u6548\u7387\u8abf\u6821\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u91dd\u5c0d\u7d50\u679c\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6307\u6a19\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff1a
\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u96dc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6839\u64da\u5404\u6a21\u578b\u9069\u7528\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a55\u4f30","title":"\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a55\u4f30","text":"\u4f9d\u5e8f\u9032\u884c\u56db\u7a2e\u8a55\u4f30\uff1a
\u6307\u6a19\u4fe1\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\uff08indicator loading\uff09\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u4f86\u7b97\u51fa\uff0c \u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u6307\u6a19\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff1a
\\[\\begin{aligned} \\lambda = \\frac{\\text{Cov}(Y, \\eta)}{\\sqrt{\\text{Var}(\\eta)}} \\end{aligned}\\]\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\text{Cov}(Y, \\eta)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u6307\u6a19\u548c\u6307\u6a19\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u5171\u8b8a\u6578\u3001\\(\\text{Var}(\\eta)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u6307\u6a19\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u671f\u671b\u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\u9ad8\u65bc 0.708\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6307\u6a19\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff08\u5e73\u65b9\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u5c31\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u65bc 0.5\u3002 \u90a3\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f
\u5982\u679c\u5c0f\u65bc 0.4 \u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5927\u65bc 0.4 \u5c0f\u65bc 0.7\uff0c\u5c31\u5efa\u8b70\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u522a\u9664\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6216\u6536\u6582\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u95a5\u503c\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u522a\u9664\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4e\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u901a\u5e38\u4ecd\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u8457\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fe1\u5ea6","title":"\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fe1\u5ea6","text":""},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/","title":"\u554f\u5377\u8a2d\u8a08\u6307\u5357","text":""},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u984c\u9805\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u539f\u5247","title":"\u984c\u9805\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u539f\u5247","text":"\u4e00\u984c\u591a\u554f
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u674e\u7279\u514b\u91cf\u5c3a","title":"\u674e\u7279\u514b\u91cf\u5c3a","text":"\u554f\u5377\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u554f\u984c\u7684\u985e\u578b","title":"\u554f\u984c\u7684\u985e\u578b","text":"\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u610f\u9858\u5c07\u7522\u54c1\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u89aa\u670b\u597d\u53cb\uff1f
0~10 \u5206\uff1a
\u8ddf\u81ea\u5df1\u8cfd\u8dd1
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u6ce8\u610f","title":"\u6ce8\u610f","text":"\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8cbb\u529b\u601d\u8003
\u5e0c\u671b\u586b\u7b54\u8005\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52d5
\u8996\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u62bd\u734e\u3001\u79ae\u54c1\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u586b\u7b54\u8005\u610f\u9858\u3002
\u5229\u7528 spreadsheet\u3001excel \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u505a\u8349\u7a3f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8a18\u9304\u4fee\u6539\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u505a\u7559\u8a00\u3002
\u628a\u6b77\u4f86\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u3001\u9078\u9805\u5404\u4e00\u9801\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b0\u7684\u554f\u5377
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u6587\u6848","title":"\u6587\u6848","text":"\u6587\u6848\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u65cf\u7fa4\u6027\u8cea\u8abf\u6574\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u554f\u5377\u5206\u6790","title":"\u554f\u5377\u5206\u6790","text":"\u5efa\u7acb container \u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acb image\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6b65\u9a5f\u6703\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8b39\u6982\u7565\u4ecb\u7d39\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
\u88fd\u4f5c image \u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a
\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5247\u662f npm i \u6216\u66f4\u7cbe\u7c21\u7684 npm ci --only=production\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u5982\uff1a
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloaderpip installbundle install --clean --without devDockerfile \u662f Docker \u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb image \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c Makefile\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u70ba Node.js \u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\uff1a
FROM node:lts-alpine AS deps\n\n# Change current folder to /srv\nWORKDIR /srv\nCOPY package*.json ./\nRUN npm ci --only=production\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b Layer\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u547c\u53eb FROM\uff0c\u5373\u4ee3\u8868\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7d44 Stage\u3002
\u5728 Docker \u7684 Best Practice \u4e2d\u6703\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8a\u5c11 command \u8d8a\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u907f\u514d\u904e\u5927\u7684 layer
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/made-container/#\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u57f7\u884c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u74b0\u5883","title":"\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u57f7\u884c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u74b0\u5883","text":"\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b Node.js \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982 npm\u3002
FROM node:lts-slim AS release\n\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Alpine \u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u6975\u7c21\u7684 Node.js\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002
\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u8f09 curl\uff08Alpine \u7121 curl\uff09\u518d\u4e0b\u8f09 Node.js \u5f8c\u522a\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6a94\u6848
\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5167\u5bb9\u8a73\u898b Node.js \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb image \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\u6307\u5f15
\u518d\u4f86\u5c31\u5269\u628a\u525b\u525b\u5728 deps \u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u62c9\u904e\u4f86\uff1a
COPY --from=deps /srv/node_modules ./node_modules\nCOPY . .\n\u8b66\u544a\uff1aCOPY . .\u4ee3\u8868\u6703\u628a\u73fe\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u8907\u88fd\u6b64 image \u4e2d\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6a94\u6848\u88ab\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u53ef\u65bc .dockerignore \u4e2d\u8a2d\u5b9a
.dockerignore \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
node_modules\nnpm-debug.log\nDockerfile\n.git\n.gitignore\n.eslintrc\n\u518d\u4f86\u5c31\u5269\u6e96\u5099\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e86\uff1a
EXPOSE 1337\nENV HOST 0.0.0.0\nENV PORT 1337\nCMD [ \"node\", \"server.js\"\ndocker build -t example/server:v0.0.1 .\n\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5404\u500b layer \u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
Sending build context to Docker daemon 155.6kB\nStep 1/11 : FROM node:lts-alpine AS deps\n ---> 532fd65ecacd\n... TRUNCATED ...\nStep 11/11 : CMD [ \"node\", \"server.js\" ]\n ---> Running in d7bde6cfc4dc\nRemoving intermediate container d7bde6cfc4dc\n ---> a99750d85d81\nSuccessfully built a99750d85d81\nDocker Image \u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u900f\u904e SHA \u503c\u9032\u884c\u66ab\u5b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6539\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u3002
SHA \u503c\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b SHA \u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u73fe\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7d44\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u82e5\u6539\u52d5\u7684\u50c5\u6709\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u5982 server.js\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u5efa image \u6642\u5c31\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c COPY . . \u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u7576 package.json \u6539\u8b8a\u6642\uff08\u5982 dependency \u589e\u52a0\uff09\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5f9e deps \u9019\u5c64 stage \u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u3002
\u900f\u904e docker history example/server:v0.0.1 \u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u770b\u5176\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7528\u91cf\u3002
v0.0.1 \u4ee3\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u7248\u672cv0.0.2 \u4ee3\u8868\u4fee\u6b63 server.jsv0.0.3 \u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u589e\u5957\u4ef6\u672c\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc NIST 800-32 Ct.3
\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a
certificate policy \u5b9a\u7fa9\u7c3d\u8b49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a72\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u91d1\u9470\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u9577\u5ea6\u3002\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u50c5\u6709\u7c3d\u767c\u6642\u4f5c\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u653e\u5728\u7c3d\u8b49\u4e0a\u3002
correctly configuring root certificate stores is a critical step in key management.
X.509 \u6703\u653e
\u9a57\u8b49\u904e\u7a0b
\u9a57\u8b49\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08path validation\uff09\uff1a
\u7c3d\u8b49\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5c55\u793a\uff08\u7c3d\u8b49\u6c92\u88ab\u64a4\u92b7\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
\u82e5\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 key establishment \u505a\u7c3d\u8b49\uff0c\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u91d1\u9470\u7684\u56de\u5fa9\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/pki-checklist/#procurement-guidance","title":"Procurement Guidance","text":"\u6311\u9078 CA \u7522\u54c1\u7684 check list\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/pki-checklist/#cara-software-and-hardware","title":"CA/RA Software and Hardware","text":"\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u61c9\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5fc5\u8981\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/pki-checklist/#certificate-issuance","title":"Certificate Issuance","text":"For federal agencies, detailed configuration guidance for OCSP responders is specified in Draft Guidance for OCSP Responders in the U.S. Federal PKI.17
\u5c0d\u65bc\u548c PKI \u7533\u8acb\u6b0a\u8b49\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff1a
Docker Desktop \u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8981\u9322\u4e86\uff0c\u8a72\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53d6\u4ee3\uff1f
\u73fe\u6709\u5de5\u5177\uff1a
colima start --runtime containerd \u4f86\u8abf\u6574\uff09\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5efa\u7f6e\u74b0\u5883\u3002lima, nerdctl\uff09\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u4ee4\u4ecb\u9762\u95dc\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f container runtime/engine \u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8d85\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 A breakdown of container runtimes for Kubernetes and Docker\u3002
\u672c\u7bc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9\u5c07\u4e0d\u518d\u9069\u7528
\u7531\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u6e90\uff08\u958b\u7bc7\u90a3\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9019\u9ebc\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u555f\u4e00\u500b VM \u4f86\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0b\u9762\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u770b\u4e86\ud83d\ude02
\u2014 2022/11/28
\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b VM\uff08Linux based\uff09\u53bb\u652f\u6490 Docker\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981 Docker \u8981\u7528 VM\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/replace-docker-desktop/#\u79fb\u9664-docker-desktop","title":"\u79fb\u9664 Docker Desktop","text":"$ brew install docker\n# Optional: docker-compose\n$ brew install docker-compose\nbrew install vagrant\nbrew install virtualbox\n\u5efa\u7acb Vagrantfile\uff1a
# encoding: utf-8\n# -*- mode: ruby -*-\n# vi: set ft=ruby :\nVAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = \"2\"\n\nVagrant.configure('2') do |config|\n # ubuntu 14.x\n # config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/trusty64'\n # ubuntu 16.x\n config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/xenial64'\n # ubuntu 18.x\n # config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/bionic64'\n # ubuntu 20.x\n # config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/focal64'\n\n # Optional: hostmanager\n config.hostmanager.enabled = true\n config.hostmanager.manage_host = true\n config.hostmanager.manage_guest = true\n config.hostmanager.include_offline = true\n config.vm.hostname = 'docker.local'\n\n # \u4efb\u4e00 IP \u5373\u53ef\n # \u672c\u6a5f\u8981\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u6b64 Docker \u9700\u8981\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\n # export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.66.4:2375\n # \u6216\u8005\u900f\u904e hostmanager \u6307\u5b9a\u7684 host name\n # export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://docker.local:2375\n # \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u53bb\u8fa8\u8a8d IP\n config.vm.network 'private_network', ip: '192.168.66.4'\n\n # guest \u4ee3\u8868 VM port\uff0chost \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u6a5f port\n config.vm.network 'forwarded_port', guest: 2375, host: 2375, id: 'dockerd'\n # \u4f7f\u7528 ID \u65b9\u4fbf\u8a18\u61b6\n config.vm.network 'forwarded_port', guest: 80, host: 80, id: 'http'\n # Protocol \u6709\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8981\u6539\n config.vm.network 'forwarded_port', guest: 2000, host: 2000, id: 'xray', protocol: 'udp'\n\n config.vm.provision \"docker\"\n config.vm.provision 'shell', path: 'provision.sh'\nend\n\u5efa\u7acb provision.sh
# Configure Docker to listen on a TCP socket\n# https://stackoverflow.com/a/42204921/12089368\n# https://dev.to/dhwaneetbhatt/run-docker-without-docker-desktop-on-macos-306h\nmkdir /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d\n\necho '[Service]\nExecStart=\nExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock' > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/docker.conf\n\necho '{\n \"hosts\": [\"fd://\", \"tcp://0.0.0.0:2375\"]\n}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json\n\n# Reload configuration\nsystemctl daemon-reload\nsystemctl restart docker.service\n\u5efa\u7acb VM
# Build VM + provision\n$ vagrant up\n# play with VM\n$ vagrant ssh\n# \u66f4\u65b0 IP \u8a2d\u5b9a\n$ vagrant reload\n\u8a2d\u5b9a Docker Daemon \u8def\u5f91
# IP \u6216\u662f Host \u8a73\u898b\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Vagrantfile\n$ export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.66.4:2375\n\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 Docker\uff01
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/","title":"TCP socket \u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6392\u67e5","text":"\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u653e\u5728 Ubuntu 18 \u7684 Docker \u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5728\u555f\u52d5\u4e4b\u521d\u548c Redis \u9032\u884c\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u9023\u7dda\u6703\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u83ab\u540d\u5931\u6548\uff1a\u5c0d\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d Redis \u4f86\u8aaa\u537b\u4e0d\u5728\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u662f\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u600e\u9ebc\u78ba\u8a8d\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1","title":"\u600e\u9ebc\u78ba\u8a8d\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1","text":"\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e09\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f Redis\u3001Ubuntu\uff08Host\uff09\u548c\u627f\u8f09\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Container\uff09\u3002
/\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 netstat\uff0c \u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684 ss\u3002
$ netstat -tn | grep ESTABLISHED\ntcp 0 0 172.0.0.1:53558 172.0.0.2:6379 ESTABLISHED\ntcp 0 0 172.0.0.1:37672 172.0.0.2:6379 ESTABLISHED\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f\u5217\u51fa\u5728 Host \u4e0a\u548c Redis\uff08port 6379\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5167\u90e8\u548c Redis \u4e0a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u662f Redis \u7684 grep \u5c31\u6703\u6539\u6210 LISTEN
\u7576\u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff08\u7d04\u4e94\u5230\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff09\uff0c Redis \u5c31\u6703\u6536\u5230 TCP RST\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u9023\u7dda\u95dc\u6389\uff1a
\u5728\u6642\u9593 14:28:29.395914\uff08\u5c01\u5305\u7de8\u865f 2886\uff09\u6642\uff0cclient \u548c Redis \u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u5728 14:28:29.443402\uff08\u5c01\u5305\u7de8\u865f 2919\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 Redis \u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u904e\u4e86\u7d04\u4e94\u5206\u9418\uff0cRedis \u56de\u61c9 TCP Keep-Alive\uff08\u50c5\u6709\u6a19\u982d\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u7de8\u865f 3855\uff09\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u662f\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5728 Redis \u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86 300 \u79d2\u7684 TCP Keep-Alive\u3002
\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u662f\uff0cclient \u537b\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\uff08\u7de8\u865f 3856\uff09\u56de\u61c9 TCP RST\u3002
\u7576\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u78ba\u8a8d\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c \u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f9e Host \u9084\u662f Container \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u9084\u5728\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9019\u500b TCP RST\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8ab0\u767c\u7684\uff1f
\u5c31\u7d50\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8a18\u9304\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
Ubuntu \u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u6703\u88dd\u4e0a systemd \u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u5f88\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u662f system-network\u3002 \u76f8\u95dc\u7684 issue\uff08docker0 interface keeps losing IPv4 ipaddress\uff09 \u8868\u73fe\u4e86\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u671d\u8457\u65b9\u5411\u8ffd\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\u900f\u904e networkctl list \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u537b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408 issue \u4e0a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a
$ networkctl list\nIDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP\n 1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged\n 2 ens3 ether routable configured\n 3 ens4 ether off unmanaged\n 4 docker0 ether no-carrier unmanaged\n942 br-788fecf403ed ether routable unmanaged\n944 veth6af5546 ether degraded unmanaged\n\n6 links listed.\n\u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cdocker \u76f8\u95dc\u7684 link\uff08docker0\u3001br-* \u548c veth*\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e system-network \u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 degraded \u4ee3\u8868\u8a72 link \u6c92\u6709 public IP\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u865b\u64ec\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe","title":"\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe","text":"\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053 Host \u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u5728 netstat \u611f\u77e5\u5230\u8b8a\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u62d2\u7d55\u6389\u5c01\u5305\u4e86\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3 netstat \u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002
\u63a8\u85a6\u4f7f\u7528 ssss \u662f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u53d6\u4ee3 netstat \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
the netstat command has been deprecated in favor of the faster, more human-readable ss command.
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u904e\u6642\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5 Linux foundation \u4e2d\u63a8\u85a6\u7684 networking \u5de5\u5177\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
program obsoleted by arp ip neigh ifconfig ip addr ipmaddr ip maddr iptunnel ip tunnel route ip route nameif ifrename mii-tool ethtoolss \u662f\u900f\u904e socket_diag \u53bb\u53d6\u5f97 OS's kernel \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
netstat \u662f\u900f\u904e /proc \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d netstat \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9023\u7dda\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5176\u5be6\u662f user-space \u800c\u975e kernel space\uff1a
\u4e0a\u9762\u9019\u5f35\u5716\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e2\u7136\u5fb5\u72c0\u662f TCP RST \u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc layer3 \u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u9032\u5230 user-space \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u584a\uff1a
mangle \u548c filter \u90fd\u662f iptables \u7b49\u9632\u706b\u7246\u670d\u52d9\u6703\u8ddf OS \u8a3b\u518a Hooks \u4f86\u9054\u6210\uff0c \u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u8e10\u9019\u500b Hook \u7684\u5c31\u662f Netfilter\u3002 \u5728\u96f2\u539f\u751f\u74b0\u5883\u7684 Cilium \u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e Linux \u4e2d\u7684 eBPF \u5be6\u8e10\u3002
NAT \u5247\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4fee\u6b63 IP \u4f86\u9054\u5230\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u628a \u672c\u5730 IP \u8f49\u6210\u5916\u90e8 IP\u3002
\u90a3 pre-routing \u7684 conntrack \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#smoking-gun-2---conntrack","title":"Smoking gun 2 - conntrack","text":"conntrack\uff08connection tracking\uff09\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u72c0\u614b\uff0c \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u500b\u300c\u9023\u7dda\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f L4 \u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5c31\u662f conntrack \u4ecd\u6703\u53bb\u8ffd\u8e64 UDP\u3001ICMP \u9019\u985e\u975e\u300c\u9023\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6d41\u7a0b\u72c0\u614b\uff1f\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u6536\u5230 TCP ACK\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u55ce\uff1f
\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u73fe\u5728\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa8\u5225\u9019\u500b ACK \u662f\u5e36\u6709\u60e1\u610f\u7684 ACK \u9084\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684 ACK\uff1f
\u900f\u904e\u5728\u6240\u6709 port \u4e0a\u9762\u767c\u9001 ACK \u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u76ee\u524d\u8a72\u7bc0\u9ede\u958b\u901a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b port\uff08\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u4e9b client port\uff09\uff0c \u5982\u679c port \u88ab\u958b\u901a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6703\u6536\u5230 TCP RST\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u6703\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8b93\u9019\u985e\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u4e0d\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8b93 conntrack \u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fa8\u5225\u54ea\u500b ACK \u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684 ACK\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf conntrack \u6703\u8ffd\u8e64\u81f3\u5c11\u516d\u7a2e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
$ conntrack -L\nudp 17 29 src=172.0.0.1 dst=172.0.0.3 sport=138 dport=138 [UNREPLIED] src=172.0.0.3 dst=172.0.0.1 sport=138 dport=138 mark=0 use=1\ntcp 6 110 TIME_WAIT src=172.0.0.1 dst=172.0.0.4 sport=40286 dport=80 src=172.0.0.4 dst=172.0.0.1 sport=80 dport=40286 [ASSURED] mark=0 use=1\n\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u8f38\u51fa\uff1a
UNREPLIED \u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b UDP\u300c\u9023\u7dda\u300d\u6c92\u6709\u6536\u5230\u56de\u8986\uff0c\u9019\u662f UDP \u7279\u6709\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4e2d\uff0cTCP \u9023\u7dda\u6700\u5f8c\u9032\u5165 ASSURED \u72c0\u614b\uff0c \u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u56e0\u70ba\u5012\u6578\u8a08\u6642\u800c\u88ab\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4ecd\u6703\u5728 TCP \u7d50\u675f\u9023\u7dda\u5f8c\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002
\u9810\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a18\u9304 256K \u500b\u6d41\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e cat /proc/sys/net/nf_conntrack_max \u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\u5354\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u9019\u7bc7 blog\u3002
conntrack \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8cc7\u6e90conntrack \u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u5957\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5e95\u5c64\u5be6\u4f5c\u66f4\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u3002 \u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u6709\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a
Fedora Magazine \u95dc\u65bc conntrack \u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\uff1a
\u6709\u500b cloudflare blog \u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4e1f\u68c4\u4e26\u6368\u68c4 conntrack \u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e ASSURED \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u5982\u540c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300cTCP ACK Scan\u300d\uff0c \u5982\u679c conntrack \u6536\u5230\u6c92\u6709\u8a3b\u518a\u7684 TCP ACK\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u56de\u61c9 TCP RST\u3002
\u9019\u548c\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u884c\u7232\u8868\u73fe\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e86\u55ce","title":"\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e86\u55ce","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u8868\u5fb5\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u611f\u77e5\u4e0d\u5230 TCP Keep-Alive\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u900f\u904e tcpdump \u89c0\u5bdf\u5230 TCP RST\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u61f7\u7591\u662f\u4e0d\u662f conntrack \u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9806\u8457\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5c0b\u627e\u8b49\u64da\u3002
$ conntrack -L | grep 6379 | grep -n ESTABLISHED | wc -l\nconntrack v1.4.4 (conntrack-tools): 171 flow entries have been shown.\n25\n\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u548c Redis\uff08port 6379\uff09\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u6709 25 \u689d\uff0c \u63a5\u8457\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u6aa2\u67e5\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e86\uff1a
$ watch -c 'conntrack -L | grep 6379 | grep -n ESTABLISHED | wc -l'\nconntrack v1.4.4 (conntrack-tools): 90 flow entries have been shown.\n0\n\u900f\u904e syslog \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u67e5\u5230\u7576 conntrack \u986f\u793a\u70ba 0 \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d00\u9304\uff1a
$ tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep DHCP\nJul 4 10:52:38 my-host systemd-networkd[913]: ens3: DHCP lease lost\nJul 4 10:52:38 my-host systemd-networkd[913]: ens3: DHCPv4 address 172.1.0.1/20 via 172.1.0.2\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7576 conntrack \u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u6642\uff08conntrack -L \u70ba\u96f6\uff09\uff0cDHCP Server \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u88ab\u4e86\u9001\u9032\u4f86\uff0c \u9019\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6df1\u5165\u8ffd\u8e64\u3002\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u95dc issue\uff1a
\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 systemd.networkd \u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0a\u91cd DHCP \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u7d81\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a
KeepConfiguration
Takes a boolean or one of \"static\", \"dhcp-on-stop\", \"dhcp\". When \"static\", systemd-networkd will not drop static addresses and routes on starting up process. When set to \"dhcp-on-stop\", systemd-networkd will not drop addresses and routes on stopping the daemon. When \"dhcp\", the addresses and routes provided by a DHCP server will never be dropped even if the DHCP lease expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice if, e.g., the root filesystem relies on this connection. The setting \"dhcp\" implies \"dhcp-on-stop\", and \"yes\" implies \"dhcp\" and \"static\". Defaults to \"dhcp-on-stop\" when systemd-networkd is running in initrd, \"yes\" when the root filesystem is a network filesystem, and \"no\" otherwise.
\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u7ba1\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u662f\u5728 DHCP Server \u4e2d\u7d81\u5b9a\u975c\u614b IP\uff0c \u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u9694\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e00\u6b21 IP\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u54ea\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f","title":"\u54ea\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f","text":"\u5728\u8655\u7406\u9019\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5176\u5be6\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d Linux \u5e95\u5c64\u8655\u7406\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002 \u91cd\u65b0\u9806\u4e00\u4e0b\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff1a
ACK \u5c01\u5305\uff1aACK \u5c01\u5305\uff1bACK \u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63a5\u8457\u56de\u61c9 RST \u5c01\u5305\uff1bRST\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u91cb\u653e\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u6392\u67e5\u904e\u7a0b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f log\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5728 TCP Dump \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u76e3\u807d Log \u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u3002
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"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tomcat-max-packet-size/#web-server","title":"web server","text":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Server \u6703\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 connector \u4f86\u548c Tomcat \u505a\u6e9d\u901a\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5206\u5225\u9700\u8981
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"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tomcat-max-packet-size/#worker","title":"worker","text":"\u5c0d\u61c9 web server \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u8655\u7406\u76f8\u95dc HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba worker\uff08backend\uff09\u3002
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\u7d9c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a
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HTTP Connector \u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8aaa\u660e\u3002 AJP Connector \u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8aaa\u660e\u3002
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\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08Legacy system\uff09\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u5834\u60e1\u5922\u3002 \u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff1a
\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6c92\u5fc5\u8981\u53bb\u6539\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u76e4\u6839\u932f\u7bc0\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8981\u53bb\u6539\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u3002 \u9032\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u820a\u7684\u904b\u884c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u820a\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u3001\u820a\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u5728\u8655\u7406\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u51fa\u4e94\u500b\u5de5\u6cd5\uff1a
\u548c\u4e94\u500b\u5fc3\u6cd5\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u53ea\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8655\u7406\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a
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\u4f60\u8a55\u4f30\u904e\u6539\u8b8a\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u767c\u73fe\u7dad\u6301\u73fe\u72c0\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7576\u4e0b\u6b20\u7f3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u6216\u74b0\u5883\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u5305\u88dd","title":"\u5305\u88dd","text":"\u900f\u904e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ecb\u9762\uff08Application Programming Interface, API\uff09 \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5305\u88dd\u8d77\u4f86\u3002
\u900f\u904e\u65b0\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u5957\u4ef6\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u5305\u88dd\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u624b\u6cd5\u7a31\u70ba Strangler Pattern \u2013 Martin Fowler \u6216 Encasement Strategy \u2013 Dr. Robert L. Read\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u65e2\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u670d\u52d9\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u9762\u7a4d\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u64f4\u5145","title":"\u64f4\u5145","text":"\u65e2\u7136\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u5f88\u96e3\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u50c5\u50c5\u64f4\u5145\uff08augmentation\uff09\u4ed6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u512a\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7570\u52d5\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u624b\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u548c\u5305\u88dd\u4f75\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u66ff\u63db\u64a4\u9664","title":"\u66ff\u63db\u3001\u64a4\u9664","text":"\u9019\u7a2e\u624b\u6cd5\u5f88\u76f4\u89c0\uff0c\u66ff\u63db\uff08replacement\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u64a4\u9664\uff08retirement\uff09\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
\u5148\u5f9e\u7c21\u55ae\u6216\u6025\u8feb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6162\u6162\u6539\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u66ff\u63db\u3002 \u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5f9e\u982d\u91cd\u5beb\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u8f38\u51fa\u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9a57\u8b49\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7834\u58de\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u8a17\u7ba1","title":"\u8a17\u7ba1","text":"\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u96e3\u4ee5\u6539\u52d5\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u96b1\u6666\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002
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"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u5de5\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u5408","title":"\u5de5\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u5408","text":"\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u7684\u6539\u52d5\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a
\u5b78\u4e86\u5de5\u6cd5\u6f0f\u4e86\u5fc3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5f97\u5176\u5f62\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u795e\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u5b9a\u7fa9\u57fa\u6e96","title":"\u5b9a\u7fa9\u57fa\u6e96","text":"\u66ff\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u589e\u52a0\u89c0\u6e2c\u6027\uff08observability\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5efa\u7acb\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 HTTP 5xx \u72c0\u614b\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002 \u6bcf\u6b21\u6539\u5584\u6642\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u6e96\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u7a81\u7834\u3002
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\u5b9a\u7fa9\u51fa\u6700\u7d42\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u6642\u9650\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7576\u4f60\u8a02\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u4ed6\u91d8\u5728\u65e5\u66c6\u4e0a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u5c0b\u627e\u9818\u5c0e","title":"\u5c0b\u627e\u9818\u5c0e","text":"\u7576\u7dda\u4e0a\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u6703\u662f\u5c0d\u5916\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u64c1\u6709\u6574\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u3002 \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u78ba\u4fdd\u5de5\u6642\u7684\u512a\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u88ab\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u78ba\u4fdd\u6e9d\u901a","title":"\u78ba\u4fdd\u6e9d\u901a","text":"\u5916\u90e8\u55ae\u4f4d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u597d\u5730\u8981\u53bb\u6539\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c \u78ba\u4fdd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b93\u4ed6\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u6539\u52d5\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002
\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7576\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u53bb\u627e\u8ab0\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u8fed\u4ee3\u66f4\u65b0","title":"\u8fed\u4ee3\u66f4\u65b0","text":"\u5148\u91dd\u5c0d\u5c0f\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u7570\u52d5\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u512a\u5316\u3002 \u7576\u6574\u500b\u4e0a\u7dda\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u66a2\u901a\u4e14\u719f\u6089\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u9010\u6b65\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u3002
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"},{"location":"essay/code/node.js-best-practice/","title":"Node.js \u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u4f5c","text":"Referrer from express.js best practice.
In most cases, these are still useful in different frameworks or applications.
"},{"location":"essay/code/node.js-best-practice/#do-in-code","title":"Do In Code","text":"const callback = async () => {\n console.log(\"do another thing\");\n throw new Error(\"foo\");\n console.log(\"do more thing\");\n};\n\nconst method = async () => {\n console.log(\"do first thing\");\n callback();\n console.log(\"do second thing\");\n};\n\nconst main = async () => {\n try {\n method();\n } catch (err) {\n console.log(\"fire try-catch!\");\n }\n\n console.log(\"finish project!\");\n};\ndo first thing\ndo another thing\ndo second thing\nfinish project!\nUnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: foo\n... (error stack)\ncallback invoked some time later after method (do another thing).do second thing).finish project!).env.NODE_ENV='production';https://wiki.debian.org/systemd/ \u21a9
http://upstart.ubuntu.com/ \u21a9
https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/cluster.html \u21a9
https://docs.strongloop.com/display/SLC/Clustering \u21a9
Varnish https://www.varnish-cache.org/ \u21a9
Nginx https://serversforhackers.com/nginx-caching/ \u21a9
Nginx https://serversforhackers.com/nginx-caching/ \u21a9
HAProxy http://www.haproxy.org/ \u21a9
EACCES (Permission denied): An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden by its file access permissions.EADDRINUSE (Address already in use): An attempt to bind a server (net, http, or https) to a local address failed due to another server on the local system already occupying that address.EPERM (Operation not permitted): An attempt was made to perform an operation that requires elevated privileges.EEXIST (File exists): An existing file was the target of an operation that required that the target not exist.EISDIR (Is a directory): An operation expected a file, but the given pathname was a directory.EMFILE (Too many open files in system): Maximum number of file descriptors allowable on the system has been reached, and requests for another descriptor cannot be fulfilled until at least one has been closed. This is encountered when opening many files at once in parallel, especially on systems (in particular, macOS) where there is a low file descriptor limit for processes. To remedy a low limit, run ulimit -n 2048 in the same shell that will run the Node.js process.ENOENT (No such file or directory): Commonly raised by fs operations to indicate that a component of the specified pathname does not exist. No entity (file or directory) could be found by the given path.ENOTDIR (Not a directory): A component of the given pathname existed, but was not a directory as expected. Commonly raised by fs.readdir.ENOTEMPTY (Directory not empty): A directory with entries was the target of an operation that requires an empty directory, usually fs.unlink.\u7c21\u4ecb\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ee5 TypeScript \u70ba\u4f8b\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/object-oriented-terms/#\u7a2e\u985e","title":"\u7a2e\u985e","text":"\u4ecb\u7d39\u5404\u7a2e\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5230\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/object-oriented-terms/#\u985e\u5225","title":"\u985e\u5225","text":"Class\uff0c\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
// \u985e\u5225\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\nclass Poodle {\n // \u975c\u614b\u516c\u958b\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u7684\u817f\u6578\n public static legs = 4;\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u7684\u817f\u6578\n public legs: number;\n\n // \u79c1\u6709\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\n private energy: number;\n\n // \u5efa\u69cb\u5b50\n constructor(legs = Poodle.legs, energy = 10) {\n this.legs = legs;\n this.energy = energy;\n }\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u547c\u53eb\n public shout(): string {\n this.shoutCost();\n return 'woof';\n }\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u96bb\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u53d7\u50b7\u4e86\u55ce\n public isInjured() {\n return Poodle.legs > this.legs;\n }\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u96bb\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7d2f\u4e86\n public isTired(): boolean {\n return this.energy < 5;\n }\n\n // \u79c1\u6709\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u7576\u53eb\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u6771\u897f\n private shoutCost(): void {\n this.energy -= 3;\n }\n}\n\u63a5\u8457\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
// \u5efa\u69cb\u5be6\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u8aaa new \u4e00\u500b instnace\nconst poodle = new Poodle(3);\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\nconsole.log(`Is injured? ${poodle.isInjured()}`);\nconsole.log(`Shout: ${poodle.shout()}`);\nconsole.log(`Is tired? ${poodle.isTired()}`);\nconsole.log(`Shout: ${poodle.shout()}`);\nconsole.log(`Is tired? ${poodle.isTired()}`);\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u958b\u5c6c\u6027\nconsole.log(`Legs should have: ${Poodle.legs}, but get ${poodle.legs}`);\n// \u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6703\u51fa\u932f\npoodle.energy;\npoodle.shoutCost();\n\u6709\u5e7e\u9ede\u540d\u8a5e\uff1a
\u628a\u985e\u5225\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
abstract class Dog {\n public static legs = 4;\n\n public legs: number;\n\n // \u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u5f9e private \u6539\u6210 protected\n protected energy: number;\n\n constructor(legs = Dog.legs, energy = 10) {\n this.legs = legs;\n this.energy = energy;\n }\n\n public shout(): string {\n this.shoutCost();\n return 'woof';\n }\n\n public isInjured(): boolean {\n return Dog.legs > this.legs;\n }\n\n // \u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u5f9e private \u6539\u6210 protected\n // \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff0cabstract\n protected abstract shoutCost(): void;\n}\n\n// \u8cb4\u8cd3\u72ac\nclass Poodle extends Dog {\n protected shoutCost(): void {\n this.energy -= 3;\n }\n}\n\n// \u9b25\u725b\u72ac\nclass Bulldog extends Dog {\n // \u5446\u5446\u7684\u72d7\u7a2e\uff0c\u568e\u53eb\u6703\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u591a\u9ad4\u529b\n protected shoutCost(): void {\n this.energy -= 4;\n }\n}\n\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff1a
Poodle \u6216 Bulldog \u90fd\u53bb\u7e7c\u627f\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225 Dog\u4f46\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\uff1a
// \u6703\u51fa\u932f\nconst dog = new Dog();\n\u9664\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ecb\u9762\uff08interface\uff09\u4f86\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u62c9\u9ad8\uff1a
interface Animal {\n legs: number;\n\n isInjured(): boolean;\n}\n\n// \u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u7528 implements \u4e0d\u662f extends\nabstract class Dog implements Animal {}\n\u4ecb\u9762\u4e00\u6a23\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\uff1a
// \u6703\u51fa\u932f\nconst animal = new Animal();\n\u9019\u88e1\u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ecb\u9762\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ecb\u9762\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u8a34\u5927\u5bb6\uff1a\u6211\u6709\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u600e\u9ebc\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709 Animal \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709 isInjured \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u56de\u50b3\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f boolean\u3002
\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u985e\u5225\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u300c\u5be6\u4f5c\u300d\u9019\u500b\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225 Dog \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\uff1a
abstract class Dog implements Animal {\n public isInjured(): boolean {\n // \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5be6\u4f5c\n return Dog.legs > this.legs;\n }\n}\n\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u62c9\u9ad8\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f
\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u670b\u53cb\u6253\u96fb\u8a71\u7d66\u4f60\uff0c\u554f\u4f60\u5728\u5e79\u561b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff1a
\u5f9e\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u7576\u7269\u4ef6\u548c\u7269\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9593\u6e9d\u901a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u5beb\u7684\u55ae\u7d14\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
// \u6aa2\u67e5\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u512a\u826f\u7684\nfunction isGoodEnv(animals: Animal[]): boolean {\n // \u627e\u51fa\u75b2\u5026\u7684\u52d5\u7269\n const tiredAnimals = animals.filter((animal) => animal.isTired());\n // \u5982\u679c\u75b2\u5026\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u5c0f\u65bc\u7e3d\u9ad4\u7684\u4e09\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\n return tiredAnimals.length / animals.length < 0.3;\n}\n\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5f88\u591a\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Design Patterns\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/object-oriented-terms/#\u6574\u5408\u4e00\u4e0b","title":"\u6574\u5408\u4e00\u4e0b","text":"\u96d6\u7136\u4ecb\u9762\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u578b\u5225\uff08type\uff09\u3002
// \u6311\u9017\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u6703\u89f8\u6cd5\u5b83\u543c\u53eb\nfunction influriate(animal: Animal) {\n return animal.shout();\n}\n\nconst poodle = new Poodle();\nconsole.log(influriate(poodle));\n\u56e0\u70ba CA (Certificate Authorities)\u7c3d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7c3d\u8b49\uff08Certificate\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u4fe1\u4efb\uff08\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3001\u88ab\u653b\u64ca\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u5012\u9589\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b CA \u53bb\u628a\u7c3d\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6191\u8b49\u8a18\u9304\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u958b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0clog\uff09\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u5be9\u6838\u3002
\u9019\u500b\u516c\u958b\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u7a31\u4f5c\u7c3d\u8b49\u900f\u660e\u5316\uff08Certificate Transparency\uff0cCT\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8981\u80fd\uff1a
\u7576\u5be9\u6838\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u65e2\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u64a4\u92b7\u8a72\u6191\u8b49\uff08OCSP1\u3001CRL\u3001CRLSet \u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u597d\u5e7e\u5929\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/certificate-transparency/#referrer","title":"Referrer","text":"\u5efa\u8b70\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 OCSP\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b Referrer \u4e2d\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
HTTP\uff08HyperText Transfer Protocol\uff09\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u50b3\u8f38\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#osi-\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","title":"OSI \u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","text":"\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\uff08Transport Layer\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u8fa6\u6703\u8b70\u5c64\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u5c64\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\uff0c \u4f46\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff08HTTP/3\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9023\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u5305\u9032\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c \u8a73\u898b QUIC \u5b98\u7db2\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u5c01\u5305\u5167\u5bb9\u3002
HTTP \u5efa\u7acb\u5728 TCP \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136 TCP \u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u6703\u8a71\uff08Session\uff09\u548c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u9019\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u524d\u767b\u5165\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u9a57\u8b49\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u5354\u5b9a\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u8fa6\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u300c\u61c9\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u4e86\u3002
\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5\uff0cHTTP \u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u91dd\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c \u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8d85\u6587\u672c\uff08Hypertext\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u50cf\u5e95\u5c64\u5354\u5b9a\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u4f4d\u5143\uff08bit\uff09\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 TCP \u9078\u9805\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7d14\u6587\u5b57\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u53c3\u6578\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 HTTP \u7528 HSTS \u53bb\u5354\u8abf\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u700f\u89bd\u5668\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u54ea\u500b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u6574\u500b\u5354\u5b9a\u975e\u5e38\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff1a\u5354\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 \u4e26\u5206\u5225\u7528 CRLF \u9019\u500b\u63db\u884c\u7b26\u865f\uff0c \u4f86\u6a19\u793a\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5340\u584a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u5354\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a","title":"\u5354\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a","text":"\u9019\u662f\u8acb\u6c42\u6216\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4f60\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7248\u672c\u7684 HTTP\uff0c \u4f60\u91dd\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u54ea\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff08HTTP Path\uff09\uff0c \u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff08HTTP Method\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
GET /hello HTTP/2\n...\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a...\n\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 GET \u65b9\u6cd5\u5230\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684 /hello \u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53bb\u505a HTTP/2 \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56de\u61c9\uff0c \u5247\u662f\u6703\u6709\u7248\u672c\u548c\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08HTTP Status\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
HTTP/2 200\n...\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a...\n\u5c31\u662f\u56de\u61c9 200 \u9019\u500b\u7de8\u865f\uff0c \u5728 RFC-9110 \u4e2d\uff0c 200 \u9019\u500b\u7de8\u865f\u4ee3\u8868 OK\u3002
\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u5354\u5b9a\u64c1\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7709\u89d2\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c \u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u8acb\u6c42\uff08\u6216\u56de\u61c9\uff09\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u884c\uff1a
GET / HTTP/2\nheader1: value\nheader2: value\n\npayload\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc4\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6a19\u982d\uff08Header\uff09\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u5169\u500b\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u884c\u4e4b\u9593\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u5169\u884c\u3002
\u6a19\u982d\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u884c\u9996\u5230\u5192\u865f\u4e4b\u524d\u70ba\u9375\uff08key\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\u6c92\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff1b \u5192\u865f\u5f8c\u70ba\u503c\uff08value\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\u6709\u5dee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u8a95\u751f\u6975\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u8a2d\u5b9a\u74b0\u5883\u3002 \u8eab\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u592a\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5049\u5927\u7684\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 W3C\u3001 IANA \u548c\u5f88\u53d7\u516c\u4fe1\u7684 MDN \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8eab\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u982d\u5927\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u6e9d\u901a\u5167\u5bb9","title":"\u6e9d\u901a\u5167\u5bb9","text":"\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u884c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
POST /give-me-ticket HTTP/2\nheader1: value\nheader2: value\n\n\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u5442\u5b78\u6d32\uff0c\u5e6b\u6211\u8a02\u6a5f\u7968\u3002\n\u81f3\u65bc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8981\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u6a19\u982d\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a","title":"\u6a19\u982d\uff1a\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u7dad\u904b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","title":"\u7dad\u904b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/http/#access-control-max-age","title":"Access-Control-Max-Age","text":"MDN
\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8655\u7406 Preflight \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u8cc7\u5b89\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","title":"\u8cc7\u5b89\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/http/#x-forwarded-for","title":"X-Forwarded-For","text":"\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\u7684 IP \u50b3\u905e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u958b\u653e\u7db2\u8def\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#meta","title":"Meta","text":"set the cookie
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#content-encoding","title":"Content-Encoding","text":"\u907f\u514d CRLF Injection
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#connection","title":"Connection","text":"\u5982\u679c\u8acb\u6c42\u6709\u9019\u500b Header\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u65b9\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4e3b\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\u662f\u8981\u8ca0\u64d4\u8f03\u5927\u7684 TCP \u958b\u92b7\uff0c\u4e26\u8caf\u5b58 TCP TIME_WAIT \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u6a19\u8a8c\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u589e\u52a0\u5feb\u53d6\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
sequenceDiagram\n participant c as Client\n participant s as Server\n c ->> s: Request content\n s ->> c: Content with eTag: `abc`\n c ->> s: Update content if-match: `abc`\n c ->> s: Request content if-none-match: `abc`\nServer \u6536\u5230 if-match \u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7af6\u8cfd\u554f\u984c\uff08\u540c\u6642\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u66f4\u65b0\u8a72 content\uff09\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e if-none-match \u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u820a\u7248\u7684 content \u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u56de\u50b3 304\uff08Not Modified\uff09\uff0c \u907f\u514d\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u8017\u7528\u3002
\u8a2d\u5b9a public max-age=0 must-revalidate \u4ee3\u8868\uff1a
\u5e6b\u6211\u5feb\u53d6\u9019\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u99ac\u4e0a\u8b93\u4ed6\u904e\u671f\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u548c\u6211\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u6771\u897f\u7684
More Aggressive Cache Header
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u7570","title":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u7570","text":"\u76ee\u524d HTTP \u4e3b\u6d41\u4e0a\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u7248\u672c\uff1a1.1\u30012 \u548c 3\u3002 \u6574\u500b\u516c\u958b\u7db2\u8def\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cHTTP/3 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5728 2024/06 \u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u5230 30%\uff0c \u4f46\u662f Cloudflare \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528 HTTP/3 \u7684\u5834\u666f\u662f\u5728\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u662f API \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5247\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f HTTP/1.1\uff0c \u9019\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u671f\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c","title":"\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c","text":"\u6211\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u7528 HTTP \u6e9d\u901a\u55ce
\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9075\u5b88\u4e86\u90e8\u5206 HTTP \u5354\u5b9a\u3002
HTTP \u76f8\u95dc\u7684 RFC \u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u7248\u672c\u5c31\u6709\u56db\u500b\uff1a1.0/1.1/2.0/3.0\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c 1xx \u7684\u56de\u61c9\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f 200\uff09\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 101 Switching Protocol\uff0c \u6709\u6642\u9019\u500b\u7de8\u865f\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u5207\u63db\u5230 WebSocket\u3002
\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cHTTP 2.0 \u62d2\u7d55\u5be6\u4f5c Transfer-Encoding\uff0c \u4f60\u7684 HTTP \u5957\u4ef6\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u5be6\u4f5c\u55ce\uff1f \u7576\u7248\u672c\u70ba HTTP 1.1 \u6642\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u5be6\u4f5c\u5176\u548c Content-Encoding \u7684\u5dee\u7570\u55ce\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/","title":"Maglev","text":"\u672c\u7bc7\u91dd\u5c0d 2016 \u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u6587 Maglev: A Fast and Reliable Software Network Load Balancer \u9032\u884c\u8aaa\u660e\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u6982\u8ff0","title":"\u6982\u8ff0","text":"Maglev \u662f\u500b\u8edf\u9ad4 L4 \u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff08Load Balancer, LB\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684 Linux \u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5927\u5730\u7bc0\u7701\u7dad\u8b77\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff08\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50cf\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u90a3\u6a23\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f active-standby\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u53f0\u8a2d\u5099\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8655\u7406\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u8f15\u6613\u9054\u5230\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\u3002 \u5728\u4f7f\u7528 8 core\u3001128 GiB \u548c 10 Gbps NIC (Network Interface Card) \u7684\u7576\u4ee3\uff082016\uff09\u786c\u9ad4\u4e0b\uff0c \u6bcf\u53f0\u8a2d\u5099\u9054\u5230\u7d04 12 Mpps \u7684\u8655\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u5c0d\u61c9\u5230 Google \u7576\u6642\u6bcf\u500b\u53e2\u96c6\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406 10Gbps \u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c \u9019\u76f8\u7576\u65bc 813Kpps \u7684 1500-byte IP \u5c01\u5305\u3001\u6216\u8005 9.06 Mpps \u7684 100-byte IP \u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f active-standby\u8aaa\u5230 L4 \u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b TCP \u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u7136\u800c TCP \u70ba\u4e86\u505a\u5230\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c \u9700\u8981\u7d00\u9304\u7368\u81ea\u8655\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff08\u70ba\u4e86\u505a\u8a08\u6578\uff09\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5169\u53f0 LB\uff0c\u5c01\u5305\u5206\u6563\u958b\u4f86\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u932f\u3002
\u7db2\u8def\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u6642\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6703\u88ab\u5c01\u88dd\u597d\u5e7e\u5c64\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f OSI \u5206\u5c64\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u7576 Maglev \u524d\u9762\u7684 \u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08router\uff09\u6536\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6703\u900f\u904e ECMP \u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a72\u5206\u6d3e\u5c01\u5305\u7d66\u54ea\u500b Maglev\u3002 \u6b64\u6642\uff0cMaglev \u6839\u64da L3 \u548c L4 \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7d44\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba 5-tuple1\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4f86\u6e90 IP\u3001\u76ee\u7684 IP\u3001\u4f86\u6e90\u961c\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u961c\u3001\u5354\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97 consistent hashing \u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u6700\u7d42\u670d\u52d9\u53e2\u96c6\u88e1\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cMaglev \u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u8655\u7406 L4 \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u78ba\u4fdd\u7279\u5b9a\u6d41\uff08flow\uff09\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u6d41\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f Maglev \u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ad6\u6587\u5167\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u505a\u8d77\u4f86\u537b\u4e26\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58","title":"\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58","text":"\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u8b1b\u7d30\u7bc0\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u7c21\u55ae\u88dc\u8db3\u4e00\u4e0b\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#ecmp","title":"ECMP","text":"Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8def\u7531\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u900f\u904e\u5be6\u969b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5427\uff01
\u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8def\u7531\u5668 (R) \u9023\u63a5\u5230\u4e09\u53f0\u4f3a\u670d\u5668 (S1, S2, S3) \u548c\u4e00\u53f0\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u6a5f\u5668 (C)\u3002 \u5f9e R \u5230\u9054\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7b49\u50f9\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u8def\u5f91 1 (R -> \u4ecb\u9762 1) \u548c\u8def\u5f91 2 (R -> \u4ecb\u9762 2)\u3002 ECMP \u7684\u5c01\u5305\u6d41\u52d5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef C \u5411\u4f3a\u670d\u5668 S1 \u767c\u9001\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u3002ECMP \u5c07\u518d\u6b21\u6839\u64da\u96dc\u6e4a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8a08\u7b97\u8def\u5f91\u3002 \u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a
ECMP \u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff1a
\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4e8b\u9805\uff1a
\u7136\u800c Maglev \u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#bgp","title":"BGP","text":"Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)\uff0c\u865f\u7a31\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5354\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\uff1a
Linux \u5728\u8655\u7406\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5f88\u591a L3/L4 \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\u3002 \u800c\u5728 Maglev \u5be6\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Linux kernel bypass \u9019\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u73fe","title":"\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u73fe","text":"\u6ce8\u5165\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u900f\u904e Config Manager \u5206\u767c\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c \u5305\u542b\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4 IP \u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u670d\u52d9\u7684 VIP\u3002 \u540c\u6642\u6703\u6709\u500b Health Checker \u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u4e26\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0a\u6e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u5c01\u5305\u3002
Maglev \u4e5f\u6703\u900f\u904e\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684 VIP \u85c9\u7531 BGP\uff08\u5716\u4e0a\u7684 VIP Announcer\uff09\u505a\u8def\u7531\u4f48\u9054\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5169\u53f0 Maglev \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u64c1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u900f\u904e ECMP \u548c consistent hashing \u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u76f8\u540c\u7684 5-tuple \u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
However, consistent hashing will make connection flaps between Maglevs with similar backend pools mostly succeed even during these very short windows.
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#forwarder","title":"Forwarder","text":"Forwarder \u900f\u904e NIC \u6536\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cMaglev \u6703\u9078\u64c7\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u5c01\u5305\u9032\u884c\u5305\u88dd\uff08encapsulation\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u8a72\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u900f\u904e 5-tuple \u9078\u64c7 receiving queues \u6709\u5169\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff1a
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u7279\u5b9a queue \u585e\u6eff\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 round-robin \u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c01\u5305\u4e00\u76f4\u6392\u4e0d\u5230\u968a\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f backend selection \u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff1a
flowchart TD\n packet[Poll from receiving queue] --> vip{Lookup VIP}\n vip --hit-->tuple[Calc 5-tuple]\n vip --miss--> drop[Drop]\n tuple --> backend{Lookup conn table}\n backend --hit--> enc[Encapsulate]\n backend --miss--> hash{Consistent Hashing}\n hash --select--> insert[Insert to table]\n insert --> enc\n hash --empty-->drop\n enc --> trans[Transmission Queue]\n\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 steering \u7684 5 tuple \u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8de8 thread \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b thread \u7dad\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 connection table \u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u7576\u4e0a\u6e38\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u6642\uff0cconsistent hashing \u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230 empty \u7136\u5f8c drop \u6389\u76f8\u95dc\u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u7531\u65bc Maglev \u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Linux \u6a5f\u5668\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e bypass Linux kernel \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u7121\u8b02\u6d88\u8017\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u5c01\u5305\u5728 steering \u548c muxing \u7b49\u6a21\u7d44\u4e4b\u9593\u50b3\u905e\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u6a19\u9032\u884c\u8655\u7406\uff0c \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b packet pool \u4f86\u9650\u5236\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u5728 Maglev \u555f\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u53bb\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684 packet pool \u53bb\u5132\u5b58\u5c01\u5305\uff0c \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0csteering \u548c muxing \u6a21\u7d44\u4e5f\u6703\u5206\u5225\u8981\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684 ring queue \u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u53c8\u5728 ring queue \u4e0a\u653e\u4e86\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u63a2\u91dd\uff1a
\u9019\u88e1\u6bcf\u500b\u63a2\u91dd\u5728\u8655\u7406\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u52a0 1\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63a2\u91dd\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u8ffd\u8d95\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0b\u500b\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u63a2\u91dd\u3002
\u512a\u5316\u8abf\u6574
\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u63a2\u91dd\u90fd\u662f\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63a2\u91dd\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u8d85\u904e 1\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u6703\u5728\u7b49\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u5f8c\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u7b49\u5230\u8d85\u904e \\(50\\mu s\\) \u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u53bb\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u6703\u640d\u5931\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u3002
\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 forwarder \u7684\u6bcf\u500b thread \u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u4e0a\uff0c\u6703\u82b1\u5230\u7d04 350ns\uff0c \u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4e\u6d41\u91cf\u6642\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u5c01\u5305\u8655\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u8b8a\u6162\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u52d5\u614b\u8abf\u6574\u9019\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u8a08\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b Maglev \u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u6975\u9650\u503c\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d packet pool \u5b58\u653e\u6700\u591a 3000 \u500b\u5c01\u5305 \uff08\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 1500-byte\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 4.5 MB \u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u5047\u8a2d\u6574\u500b forwarder \u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406 10 Mpps \u7684\u91cf\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 \\(3000\\text{p} / 10^7\\text{pps} = 0.0003\\text{s}\\) \u79d2\u4f86\u5b8c\u5168\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u5c01\u5305\u3002 \u9019\u4ee3\u8868 Maglev \u6703\u9020\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u5c01\u5305\u6700\u9ad8 \\(300\\mu s\\) \u7684\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#consistent-hashing","title":"Consistent Hashing","text":"\u524d\u9762\u6709\u63d0\u5230 ECMP \u6703\u900f\u904e\u96dc\u6e4a\u4f86\u9078\u64c7\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7576 Maglev \u53e2\u96c6\u6578\u91cf\u6c92\u8b8a\uff0c \u76f8\u540c\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u9078\u64c7\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u500b Maglev \u4e0a\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u7dad\u904b\u65e5\u5e38\u800c\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0\u589e\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u6a5f\u5668\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u908a\u7684 consistent hashing \u5c31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Maglev \u6703\u6839\u64da\u76f8\u540c\u7684 hash \u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
\u908a\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1
\u7576\u5728 Maglev \u7bc0\u9ede\u65b0\u589e\u6e1b\u5c11\u6642\uff08ECMP \u91cd\u7b97\u6642\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u6642\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0 Maglev \u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\uff0c \u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u908a\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9023\u7dda\u932f\u4f4d\uff08connection flaps\uff09\u3002
\u65e9\u5728 1990s Rendezvous \u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b consistent hashing \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c \u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u7528 mod \u4f86\u505a\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u6311\u9078\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u7e3d\u5171\u6709 5 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u6839\u64da 5-tuple \u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u500b hash \u7136\u5f8c\u7528 mod 5 \u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f86\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u9019 5 \u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e 5 \u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u8b8a\u6210 6 \u500b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 10 mod 5 \u5f9e 0 \u8b8a\u6210 4\u3002 consistent hashing \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u65e9\u524d\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5957\u7528\u5728 Maglev \u4e0a\u6703\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u72a7\u7272\u7b2c 2 \u9ede\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u6539\u5584\u7b2c 1 \u9ede\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u8868\u300d
\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u8868\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7d30\u7bc0\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f consistent hashing \u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u8868\uff0c \u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u7a69\u5b9a\u6563\u5217\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\u6bcf\u6b21\u8868\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u7684 5-tuple \u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#maglev-\u7684-consistent-hashing","title":"Maglev \u7684 Consistent Hashing","text":"\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u500b\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba \\(M\\)\u3001\u4e0a\u6e38\u6578\u91cf\u70ba \\(N\\)\uff0c \u4e26\u9078\u5b9a\u5169\u500b hash \u51fd\u5f0f\uff0ch1\u3001h2\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u4f9d\u6b64\u627e\u51fa\u6bcf\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684 offset \u548c skip\uff1a
\u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u51fa\u5c0d\u7167\u8868\uff1a
\\[\\begin{aligned} \\mathit{permutation}_{ij} = (\\mathit{offset}_i + j \\times \\mathit{skip}_i) \\mod M \\qquad \\forall \\quad i \\in N , j \\in M \\end{aligned}\\]\u4f46\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u8a18\u5f97\u628a M \u8a2d\u70ba\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5728\u7528 skip \u904d\u6b77 permutation \u5c31\u6703\u8df3\u4e0d\u51fa\u5faa\u74b0\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba M \u7684\u6563\u5217\u8868 entry\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\u6709 3 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 7\uff0c\u4e14 3 \u500b\u4e0a\u904a\u7684 offset \u548c skip \u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a (3, 4)\u3001(0, 2) \u548c (3, 1)\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa permutation \u8868\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
j i=0 i=1 i=2 0 3 0 3 1 0 2 4 2 4 4 5 3 1 6 6 4 5 1 0 5 2 3 1 6 6 5 2 \u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u7b2c 5 \u884c\u7684 while loop \u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u6f14\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08\u5047\u8a2d B0 \u4ee3\u8868 i=0 \u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\uff09\uff1a
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63a8\u6f14\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa entry\uff1a
\u7576 B1 \u9019\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e0b\u7dda\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u6f14\uff1a
Step B0 B2 1 3 3, 4 2 0 5 3 4, 1 6 4 5, 2 -\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u65b0 entry\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a
\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684 hash \u4ecd\u5728\u539f\u672c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 j=6\u3002 \u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7bc4\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7f6e\u76f8\u61c9\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u7528\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u8b70\u984c\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u900f\u904e\u767d\u7bb1\uff08\u4ee5 HTTP \u65b9\u5f0f\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6a19\uff09\u548c\u9ed1\u7bb1\uff08\u63a2\u91dd\uff09\u53bb\u5b9a\u671f\u76e3\u63a7\u5916\uff0cMaglev \u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9664\u932f\u624b\u6bb5\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u5f9e router \u8d70\u5230 Maglev \u518d\u8d70\u5230\u4e0a\u6e38\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u70ba\u4e86\u9664\u932f\uff0c \u6703\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053 Maglev \u5230\u5e95\u628a\u9019\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u9001\u7d66\u8ab0\u3002 \u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u8b93 Maglev \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8b58\u7279\u5b9a L3 \u548c L4 \u7684\u8868\u982d\uff0c\u7576\u6536\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8868\u982d\uff0c \u5c31\u6703\u628a\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6b77\u7a0b\u7b49\u7b49\u7528\u4f86\u9664\u932f\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u767c\u9001\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 IP \u4e2d\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8005\u986f\u7136\u5f88\u611b\u9019\u500b\u9664\u932f\u5de5\u5177\uff1a
This tool is extremely helpful in debugging production issues, especially when there is more than one Maglev machine on the path, as happens in the case of fragment redirection.
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u6e2c\u8a66","title":"\u6e2c\u8a66","text":"\u6536\u96c6\u6b50\u6d32\u53e2\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c458 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\uff08\u5305\u62ec Google Search\uff09\u7684 connections per second (cps) \u5f8c\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u7684 cps \u5e73\u5747\u503c\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u90fd\u843d\u5728 6%~7%\u3002 \u5f9e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff08\u85cd\u7dda\uff09\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5c01\u548c\u4f5c\u606f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e26\u975e\u7576\u5730\u6642\u9593\uff09\u3002
\u9ec3\u8272\u7dda\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u5426\u904e\u5ea6\u5efa\u7f6e\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u6d41\u91cf\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6642\u5927\u7d04\u843d\u5728 9 \u6210\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u80fd\u529b\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aac\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u670d\u52d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u627f\u8f09 10 rps \u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u6d41\u91cf\u5247\u843d\u5728 9 rps\u3002 \u96e2\u5cf0\u6642\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u91cf\u4f4e\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u8f03\u96e3\u6293\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u904e\u5ea6\u5efa\u7f6e\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u843d\u5728 7.5 \u6210\u5de6\u53f3\u3002
\u9019\u9805\u6307\u6a19\u4ee3\u8868\u8457 Maglev \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5747\u8861\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u904e\u5ea6\u5efa\u7f6e\u3002
SYN \u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u901a\u904e Maglev\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8a08\u7b97 consistent hashing \u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u4e0a\u6e38\uff1b non-SYN \u5247\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u7528\u8a08\u7b97 consistent hashing \u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u91cf\u8f03\u9ad8\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7684 5-tuple\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u3002
\u7576 thread \u6578\u62c9\u9ad8\u5230 6 \u548c 7 \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u74f6\u9838\u4e0d\u662f\u7b97\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u65bc NIC\u3002 \u7576 NIC \u70ba 40 Gbps \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u518d\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u74f6\u9838\u53c8\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86 steering \u6a21\u7d44\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u512a\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002
\u900f\u904e Maglev \u7684 consistent hashing \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u53ea\u9700\u8981 65537 \u7684\u8868 2\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 65537 \u9019\u9ebc\u5927\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8ca0\u8f09\u9054\u5230\u8db3\u5920\u5747\u8861\u3002
\u4e0a\u5716\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u662f\u8a2d\u5b9a 1000 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u61c9\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u548c\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u7e31\u8ef8\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u5728\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u5206\u914d\u5230 0.001 \u7684\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5747\u8861\u8ca0\u8f09\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9664\u4e86 Maglev \u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u8ca0\u8f09\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
\u7531\u65bc Karger \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c Rendezvous \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u6e38\u8b8a\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u53ea\u6709\u5c55\u793a Maglev \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u6e38\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u8ca0\u8377\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u5931\u80fd\uff08\u6a6b\u8ef8\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u7684\u932f\u4f4d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6703\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u5bb9\u932f\u3002
\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0cMaglev \u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f 65537\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba 65537 \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u91cd\u5efa\u9700\u8981\u7d04 1.8ms\uff0c \u800c 655373 \u7684\u8868\u5247\u9700\u8981 22.9ms\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5927\u91cf\u4e0a\u6e38\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c \u72a7\u7272\u7684\u6578\u5341\u6beb\u79d2\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u5212\u7b97\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u64f4\u5c55\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#vip-matching","title":"VIP Matching","text":"Google \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6703\u66ff\u5404\u500b\u53e2\u96c6\u5206\u985e\uff08classes\uff09\uff0c\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u64c1\u6709\u7684 IP \u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 IP \u524d\u7db4\u6703\u66f4\u77ed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 121.113.17.0/20 \u5c31\u6bd4 74.125.137.0/24 \u9084\u8981\u5927\u3002
\u7576\u4e0a\u6e38\u767c\u751f\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0cMaglev \u6703\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e2d\uff0c \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u5404\u500b\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38 VIP\u3002 \u6bd4\u8d77\u900f\u904e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b93\u5404\u500b Maglev \u8a8d\u51fa\u5c0d\u65b9\u4f86\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684 BP \u90fd\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u300c\u5f8c\u7db4\u300d\u7684 VIP\u3002 \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u9650\u5236 Maglev \u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u8f49\u5c0e\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5c0d\u65b9\u4e0a\u6e38 VIP \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u55ae\u7d14\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u524d\u7db4\u6539\u6210\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u8f49\u5c0e\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c173.194.71.1 \u7684 Service 1 \u88ab\u8f49\u5c0e\u70ba 173.194.72.1 \u7684\u76f8\u540c\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u5728 IP \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6280\u8853\u7a31\u70ba IP \u5206\u7247 (IP fragmentation)\uff0c \u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5c01\u5305\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u3002 \u8a72\u5354\u5b9a\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u64c1\u6709 L4 \u7684\u6a19\u982d\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 5-tuple \u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709 port \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 5-tuple \u6703\u5931\u6e96\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9001\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
Maglev \u6703\u5148\u900f\u904e 3-tuple\uff08\u4f86\u6e90 IP\u3001\u76ee\u7684 IP\u3001\u5354\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\uff09\uff0c \u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a72\u5c01\u5305\u8981\u8b93 Maglev \u53e2\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u500b Maglev\uff08\u900f\u904e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5c0d\u65b9\uff09\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u7576\u78ba\u4fdd\u540c\u500b\u6d41\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u9032\u5230\u540c\u500b Maglev \u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0a\u6e38\u8981\u8d70\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5c01\u5305\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u65e9\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5feb\u53d6\u7b49\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u62b5\u9054\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u904e\u671f\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 fragmentation \u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u8868\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5c31\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#sharding","title":"Sharding","text":"\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u63d0\u5230 Maglev \u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a sharding \u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c \u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u6eff\u9069\u5408\u7576\u4f5c\u56de\u5bb6\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u4f86\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u60f3\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u5be6\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u9019\u908a\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\uff01
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u548c\u786c\u9ad4\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\u76f8\uff0cMaglev \u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e5f\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7dad\u6301\u9577\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8edf\u9ad4\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\u5982 Microsoft Ananta \uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d kernel \u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4e0a\u6e38\u7bc0\u9ede\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f86\u512a\u5316\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u5982 NGINX \u7684\u901a\u7528\u578b\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d ECMP \u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c consistent hashing \u7684\u5916\u639b\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u72a7\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u6548\u80fd\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u8edf\u9ad4\u512a\u5316\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u653e\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u518d\u770b\u5427\uff01 \u4e0d\u904e\u770b\u5230 Maglev \u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u6b64\u53e5\u8a71\u505a\u70ba\u7d50\u5c3e\uff1a
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u76f4\u89c0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u9019\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\uff1f
\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\u53c3\u8003Smith et al 3 \u5efa\u8b70\u6e1b\u5c11\u8edf\u4e2d\u65b7\u548c\u7269\u4ef6\u8907\u88fd\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u901a\u91cf\u3002 Mogul et al 4 \u958b\u767c polling-based \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u9396\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002 Edwards et al 5 \u63d0\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528 userspace \u7684\u7db2\u8def\u4f86\u505a\u9694\u96e2\u3002 Marinos et al 6 \u986f\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a userspace \u7db2\u8def\u5806\u68e7\u548c kernel bypass \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u3002 Hanford et al 7 \u5efa\u8b70\u628a\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c CPU \u8655\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5feb\u53d6\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002 CuckooSwitch 8 \u662f\u500b\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4 L2 \u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u6279\u6b21\u548c\u9810\u7d04\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002 RouteBricks 9 \u89e3\u91cb\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5229\u7528\u5e73\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u3002
... \u5982\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u7576 Maglev \u555f\u52d5\u6642\u5b83\u6703\u52ab\u6301\u6574\u500b NIC\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528 TAP \u4ecb\u9762\u4f86\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u65b0\u50b3\u905e\u7d66 NIC\u3002
\u53c3\u95b1\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\uff0cForwarder Design and Implementation\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u9019\u6578\u5b57\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9078\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5920\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u6578\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
J. Smith and C. Traw. Giving applications access to gb/s networking. Network, IEEE, 7(4):44\u201352, 1993.\u00a0\u21a9
J. C. Mogul and K. K. Ramakrishnan. Eliminating receive livelock in an interrupt-driven kernel. In Proceedings of USENIX ATC, 1996.\u00a0\u21a9
A. Edwards and S. Muir. Experiences implementing a high performance tcp in user-space. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM, 1995.\u00a0\u21a9
I. Marinos, R. N. Watson, and M. Handley. Network stack specialization for performance. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM, 2014.\u00a0\u21a9
N. Hanford, V. Ahuja, M. Balman, M. K. Farrens, D. Ghosal, E. Pouyoul, and B. Tierney. Characterizing the impact of endsystem affinities on the end-to-end performance of high-speed flows. In Proceedings of NDM, 2013.\u00a0\u21a9
D. Zhou, B. Fan, H. Lim, M. Kaminsky, and D. G. Andersen. Scalable, high performance ethernet forwarding with cuckooswitch. In Proceedings of CoNEXT, 2013.\u00a0\u21a9
M. Dobrescu, N. Egi, K. Argyraki, B.-G. Chun, K. Fall, G. Iannaccone, A. Knies, M. Manesh, and S. Ratnasamy. Routebricks: Exploiting parallelism to scale software routers. In Proceedings of SOSP, 2009.\u00a0\u21a9
Written By Harris Andrea, original post
\u672a\u4f86\u60f3\u7ffb\u8b6f\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e26\u671f\u671b\u8b80\u904e\u5176\u4e2d\u5e7e\u672c\uff0c\u5148\u653e\u8457\u3002
I have read tens of books (both in ebook format and also hard copy textbooks) in my networking professional career over the last 18 years.
In fact, all of my preparation for my Cisco and other IT certifications was based on book studying (in addition to hands-on practice of course).
Personally, I believe that having a hard copy book in your hands and reading it from start to finish by taking written notes along the way, is one of the best ways to memorize and learn the material.
In this article I will list and review some of the best books on computer networking for both beginners and expert professionals.
The field of TCP/IP networking is evolving with new technological advancements and, in my opinion, it currently undergoes a transition from purely hardware to more software-based networks.
For the reason above I have also included books in the list (see towards the end) that focus on next generation networks, SDN, and automation/programmability.
When I first wrote this article, I intentionally didn\u2019t include any books related to Cisco certifications because that time was a transitional period for Cisco exams and certifications.
After the dust has settled, there are now some great Cisco books worth mentioning for professionals looking to earn Cisco certifications, so I have included some recommended options in the list.
You will find mostly some great books which teach both the fundamentals and more advanced concepts in computer networking that will surely be very valuable for professionals.
Let\u2019s get started:
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#computer-networking-a-top-down-approach","title":"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach","text":"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (6th Edition)
This book is organized into the network layers of Internet Protocol Stack which is the base of all computer networking (together with the OSI model), therefore it offers a very good structure and learning experience.
Written by two University professors (James Kurose and Keith Ross), the book is mostly suited for beginners and for university students in computer science or engineering majors.
Even if people who don\u2019t have any knowledge about networking will find the book easily accessible and comprehensible.
Although currently there is a newer 7th Edition of this book, its much higher price tag compared to the 6th Edition is not worth the extra money.
Also, the newer edition does not include that much extra material so I would recommend the cheaper 6th Edition just to save you some money. Although it is an older book, you will still learn the fundamentals of networking which is the basis for more practical material.
As I said above, the book is called \u201cTop-Down Approach\u201d because it starts at the Application layer of the Internet Protocol Stack (top layer) and works its way down to the Physical layer (bottom layer) of the stack. The other layers examined include Transport, Network and Link layers.
The above structure makes sense a lot in the pedagogical perspective since the whole computer networking functionality is based on this protocol layered structure.
Most useful for:
To summarize, I belief this book is a great choice for beginners or university students to acquire a comprehensive knowledge in computer networking fundamentals.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#network-warrior","title":"Network Warrior","text":"Network Warrior (2nd Edition)
Unlike the previous book above, \u201cNetwork Warrior\u201d book is much more practical and the examples described in the book are taken from real world networks and from the experience of the author.
The practical examples and configuration samples you will find in the book are taken from actual Cisco networking equipment so the book will be very helpful to Cisco network administrators that are actually working in the field and want to get the job done.
Some of the topics covered in the book include:
Most useful for:
To summarize, this book is great as a practical reference for professionals already working with Cisco networks. Although it is an old book, most of the concepts, configurations and technologies are still valid to this date.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#routing-tcpip-volume-i","title":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume I","text":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume i (2nd Edition)
This book is published by Cisco press and is one of the best-selling textbooks providing deep understanding of IP routing protocols.
It is geared towards more advanced professionals and is focused on Interior Routing protocols (IGPs) for both IPv4 and IPv6.
It is considered as the defacto standard for all network engineers who already have experience with Cisco IOS routers and who want to prepare for the CCIE Routing certification.
Most useful for:
If you are a Cisco networking engineer working mostly with Layer 3 routing devices, this book is the bible of Layer 3 IP communications. Please note that the book covers only Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs). If you want to learn also BGP, please see the next book below.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#routing-tcpip-volume-ii","title":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume II","text":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume II (2nd Edition)
This is a continuation of the previous book above and covers exterior routing protocols (such as BGP) and also more advanced IP routing concepts.
In fact, it covers many concepts required for taking the CCIE exam and offers expert-level instruction on network design, deployment, support etc for managing complex networks.
The book is heavy weight on BGP, such as BGP and routing policies, scaling BGP, multi-protocol BGP etc. Other topics include NAT44, NAT64, multicast protocols etc.
The author (Jeff Doyle) is a CCIE veteran with vast experience in IP design and networking and is considered one of the best authors in Cisco press books.
Most useful for:
Advanced routing engineers who want to prepare for CCIE or want to learn everything about BGP (e.g people working in ISPs or big corporations). This book is 1100+ pages and is considered the bible of Exterior Routing and BGP design in networks.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#networking-all-in-one-for-dummies","title":"Networking All-in-One For Dummies","text":"Networking All-in-One For Dummies
This is one of the most recent (8th edition at the time of this writing) and updated textbooks in this list about computer networking that covers a wide range of topics for both beginners and for seasoned professionals.
This 1000+ pages book is one of the cheapest options in this list which provides so much value compared to its price.
The book is structured in 10 mini-books and covers a lot of recent and up-to-date technologies such as Cloud services (Amazon, Azure etc), Windows 10, Linux, Windows Server 2019, Office 365, general networking topics, virtualization, routing, switching, wireless, security etc.
It is one of the most thorough and all-in-one books out there and I recommend it as a great reference for any professional.
Most useful for:
For beginners who want to get an overall understanding of multiple topics in networking. Also, for experienced professionals who want to have a reference book for their job.
It is not focused only on core networking concepts (like routing etc) as the previous books, but covers also general IT systems and networking for Windows environments, Linux etc.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#cisco-networking-all-in-one-for-dummies","title":"Cisco Networking All-in-One For Dummies","text":"Cisco Networking All-in-One For Dummies
If you bought the other \u201cFor Dummies\u201d book above, then \u201cCisco Networking All-in-One For Dummies\u201d is a nice complementary option for professionals that started managing or supporting Cisco networking technologies.
This book is practical and technical in nature and offers actual Cisco configuration commands and examples that you can implement and use in your network.
Similar to the previous book above, the content is split into 6 mini books with each one divided into chapters and sections.
Each one of these chapters and sections focuses on a specific task/knowledge. Therefore, you can easily navigate the book back and forth according to the task or feature that you want to investigate or implement.
The 6 minibooks cover the following topics/themes:
Most useful for:
For professionals that support, manage and design networks running over Cisco infrastructure (routers, switches, wireless, firewalls etc).
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#comptia-network-certification-all-in-one-exam-guide","title":"CompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide","text":"CompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide (8th Edition for Exam N10-008)
This is the only vendor-neutral certification related book in this list. I have included it here because CompTIA exams teach concepts that are universal and are not specific/bound to a certain vendor only.
The book is for the latest Network+ (Exam N10-008) and covers topics in general networking, cabling basics, ethernet networks, TCP/IP basics, routing, wireless networks, virtualization and cloud computing, network security, network management and monitoring etc.
The author (Mike Meyers) is the leading authority in writing CompTIA exam books and has authored several best sellers in this field.
Most useful for:
Mostly for people who want to study and prepare for the CompTIA Network+ exam. Even if you don\u2019t want to take the exam, this book will be really valuable for beginners who want to acquire extensive knowledge around computer networking in a vendor-neutral approach.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#the-complete-guide-to-lan-switching-technology","title":"The Complete Guide to LAN Switching Technology","text":"The Complete Guide to LAN Switching Technology (2nd Edition)
Ethernet switches are the backbone of any LAN network. You also find them everywhere and in every corporate network.
As a networking professional you must learn LAN switching technology and this book will help you with that endeavor.
The book focuses strictly on LAN switching and covers in-depth all related concepts and topics such as foundations of LAN switches, advanced LAN concepts, loop prevention, VLAN concepts, multicast, security in LANs etc.
Although this book is old, the fundamentals of LAN switching technologies do not change much over the years, so the book is still relevant in today\u2019s LAN networks.
Most useful for:
You will benefit most from this book if you already have a few years experience in networking and LAN management. The book goes in-depth about switching technologies so you must have some prior experience.
Mostly suitable for network designers, professionals managing and operating corporate LAN switch infrastructure or Value-added Resellers of networking equipment.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#network-programmability-and-automation","title":"Network Programmability and Automation","text":"Network Programmability and Automation: Skills for the Next-Generation Network Engineer
As I have mentioned at the beginning of this article, the book list I have compiled here includes also textbooks that look at the future of networking.
The \u201cNetwork Programmability and Automation\u201d book from O\u2019REILLY Media is one of these books that teaches a next-generation concept for network engineers.
This concept is about automating the management and operation of hardware-based networks using software tools, programming, Application Programming Interfaces (API) etc.
The book covers topics such as Python (used to create useful scripts to automate networking tasks), Linux, IT automation tools such as Ansible, SDN concepts, working with Network APIs, Integration concepts etc.
Keep in mind here that the new Cisco certification exams after their 2020 updates, include a lot of programmability and automation topics. This is another reason that modern network engineers must shift their mindset into more software-based concepts and automation.
Most useful for:
If you are a hard-core traditional network engineer already managing and monitoring your infrastructure with the CLI, this book will help you make the shift to a more efficient and more productive management and operation.
If you fall into the group above, you don\u2019t need any previous knowledge in software development or programming.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#software-defined-networks-a-comprehensive-approach","title":"Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive Approach","text":"Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive Approach
Continuing our reviews of books about next-generation concepts, this book deals with the SDN Model (Software Defined Networking) which seems to be the new era in computer networks.
The book includes the history of SDN, how software was used to forward and route packets in networks, how an enterprise will benefit from SDN or not, how SDN works, the OpenFlow specification, SDN in data centers, SDN applications, NETCONF and much more.
If you are a network designer or architect, this book will help you understand and explain to top-management the benefits or risks of integrating the SDN model in your existing network environment.
Most useful for:
The book offers a very good overall understanding of SDN concepts and OpenFlow which will help professionals who are already experienced in IP networks to acquire an overall knowledge of SDN.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#ccna-200-301-official-cert-guide-library","title":"CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide Library","text":"CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide Library
As mentioned at the very beginning of this article, I decided to include also books related to vendor-specific exams.
Since most of the people visiting this website are Cisco professionals or people interested to pass Cisco exams, I couldn\u2019t ignore one of the most popular and useful networking certification which is Cisco CCNA.
The theory and knowledge required for the newest CCNA 200-301 exam is covered fully in this comprehensive library which actually includes two books:
Instead of paying double the money to buy the two books above separately, you can buy this value-priced Package Library.
Most useful for:
This is a Cisco-approved self-study resource for people preparing for the Cisco CCNA 200-301 exam. Along the way in studying these books, you will learn key fundamental networking concepts which will be helpful in your whole career as network engineer.
Please note that this library is very detailed and can be overwhelming for total beginners in networking.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#ccna-200-301-practical-lab-guide-with-packet-tracer-labs","title":"CCNA 200-301 Practical Lab Guide With Packet Tracer Labs","text":"Guide link
Last but not least is my own Practical Lab Guide which comes as PDF electronic Lab Book and includes also 42 downloadable Packet Tracer labs based on the official CCNA 200-301 Cisco exam blueprint.
I admit that the above Lab Book alone will not help you pass the exam by itself. It is however a great companion resource with practical labs which should be used together with other material such as the Cisco Cert Library mentioned above.
If you want an affordable Lab preparation guide for the practical aspects of the CCNA exam, then my Lab Guide Book here will be very helpful, even for people that just want a refreshing in fundamental practical Cisco networking concepts.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#final-words","title":"Final Words","text":"Of course, the book list above is not a comprehensive list of every computer networking book out there.
However, I have tried to collect and present the best ones in my opinion that will help most beginners just starting out in networking and also experts that want to advance their knowledge and skills even further.
To summarize, here are my book suggestions categorized according to your experience and knowledge level.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#best-books-for-beginners","title":"Best Books for Beginners","text":"Please let me know in the comments below if you have other book suggestions that you liked so that everyone will benefit from your own personal experience.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-details/","title":"\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u4e59\u592a\u7db2\uff08Ethernet\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a\uff08Internet Protocol, IP\uff09\u50b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u5176\u4ed6\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u90fd\u662f 1 \u548c 0 \u7684\u4ea4\u66ff\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u8a0a\u6846\u8981\u50b3\u9001\u9032\u4f86\u4e86\u3002
10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101011\n1501 \u4ee3\u8868\u8a0a\u6846\u9577\u5ea6\u53cd\u4e4b\u5927\u65bc 1535 \u5247\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u7a2e\u985e1500 \u662f Ethernet 802.3 \u7684\u6700\u5927\u50b3\u8f38\u55ae\u4f4d\uff08MTU\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5354\u5b9a\u5247\u662f\u6539\u70ba\u586b\u5beb 1535 \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\uff09\u7684\u503c\u3002
\u56e0\u70ba 1536 \u4ee5\u5341\u516d\u9032\u4f4d\u8868\u9054\u662f 0x600 \u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u8d77\u59cb\uff0c\u5354\u5b9a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u5176\u4ed6\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8a08\u7b97\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684 \u8a0a\u6846\u9593\u9694 \u6216 \u6aa2\u6838\u548c \u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5354\u5b9a\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u9577\u5ea6\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-details/#\u6aa2\u6838\u548c","title":"\u6aa2\u6838\u548c","text":"\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u6aa2\u6838\u548c\u4f86\u67e5\u9a57\u672c\u8a0a\u6846\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u5230\u5e72\u64fe\u800c\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u6aa2\u6838\u548c\u5728\u6b64\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u53eb\u505a\u6846\u6aa2\u67e5\u9806\u5e8f\uff08Frame check sequence, FCS\uff09\u3002
\u4e59\u592a\u7db2\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6aa2\u6838\u548c\u662f CRC\uff0c\u5176\u900f\u904e\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u76f8\u9664\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5546\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u6eff\u8db3\u9ad8\u932f\u8aa4\u6aa2\u67e5\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u56db\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u5c31\u80fd\u6aa2\u67e5\u591a\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u6536\u767c\u5668\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u90fd\u542b\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-details/#\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a","title":"\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a","text":"Wiki \u90fd\u8b1b\u5f97\u5f88\u8a73\u7d30\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d05\u8ff0\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5206\u5169\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff1a
\u9019\u908a\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b IPv6 \u6709\u5e7e\u9ede\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
\u670d\u52d9\u54c1\u8cea\u63a7\u5236
\u7576\u7db2\u8def\u58c5\u585e\uff08congestion\uff09\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8655\u7406\u7b49\u7d1a\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\uff08\u901a\u4fe1\u985e\u5225\uff09\u6216\u8005\u900f\u904e\u53cd\u58d3\uff08back-pressure\uff09\u7b49\u6a5f\u5236\uff08\u670d\u52d9\u54c1\u8cea\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u4f86\u6709\u6548\u8655\u7406\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u3002
\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u6642\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u54c1\u8cea\u63a7\u5236\u6703\u8b93\u66f2\u7dda\u8d70\u5411 Desirable \u90a3\u689d\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-details/#\u6d41\u7a0b","title":"\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"\u4e86\u89e3\u4e59\u592a\u7db2\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5167\u5bb9\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5be6\u969b\u600e\u9ebc\u8dd1\u7684\uff1f
NIC Architecture
\u7db2\u5361\uff08Network Interface Card, NIC, Network Adaptor\uff09\u662f\u5916\u63a5\u6216\u5167\u5d4c\u9032\u96fb\u8166\uff08\u6216\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6216\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff09\u88e1\u7684\u96fb\u8def\u3002\u7576\u7db2\u8def\u7dda\u50b3\u9001\u9032\u4f86\u8a0a\u865f\u6642\uff0c\u6536\u767c\u5668\uff08PHY\uff09\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u8655\u7406\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u78ba\u8a8d\u6709\u8a0a\u6846\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5148\u505a\u6aa2\u6838\u548c\u7684\u67e5\u9a57\u3002
\u56e0\u70ba CRC \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u505a\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u96fb\u8def\u4e0a\u5c31\u6703\u76f8\u5c0d\u55ae\u7d14\u3002\u6aa2\u67e5\u5b8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u900f\u904e header-parsing \u505a\u6a19\u982d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u5305\u542b MAC \u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7aef\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\u3001\u4e59\u592a\u7a2e\u985e\u548c\u8a0a\u6846\u9577\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7db2\u8def\u5c64\u7684 IP \u8cc7\u8a0a\uff09\u6703\u5f80\u4e3b\u6a5f\u9001\u3002
\u8cc7\u6599\u9023\u7d50\u5c64\u7684\u6392\u968a
\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7db2\u5361\u6703\u900f\u904e Scheduling \u548c Queueing \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6392\u968a\u6d88\u5316\u591a\u7b46\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-details/#\u5f80\u4e0a\u9001\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b","title":"\u5f80\u4e0a\u9001\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f OSI \u968e\u5c64\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
IP Processing RX
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u9001\u4e0a\u4f86\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u89e3\u6790\u5354\u5b9a\uff08Address Resolver Protocol, ARP\uff09\u7684\u8655\u7406\u3002\u53e6\u5916 IP \u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u9001\u7684\u6642\u5019\u9664\u4e86\u6aa2\u67e5 ARP \u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u56de\u9001\uff08loopback\uff09\u3002
\u6aa2\u67e5 IP \u5c01\u5305\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u662f\uff1a
\u7ffb\u8b6f\u90fd\u6839\u64da\u300c\u96d9\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5f59\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u540d\u8a5e\u66a8\u8fad\u66f8\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7db2\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u6982\u7565\u5716\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u50b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c64\u5143\u4ef6\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u8acb\u770b\u300c\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-routing/#\u6982\u7565\u5716","title":"\u6982\u7565\u5716","text":"\u5716\u4e2d\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u662f\u5728\u8b1b\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002
\u5de6\u53f3\u5169\u908a\u90fd\u6709 Socket API\uff0c\u5373\u662f BSD Socket\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5305\u88dd\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\u3002\u7576\u958b\u767c\u8005\u8981\u9032\u884c HTTP \u6e9d\u901a\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u900f\u904e Socket API \u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u9078\u5b9a\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u5354\u5b9a\u9032\u884c\u6e9d\u901a\u3002
\u4ee5 HTTP \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u6cc1\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 TCP\uff08\u9023\u7d50\u4e2d\u6709\u9644\u4f7f\u7528 API \u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff09\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c Socket API \u5c31\u6703\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\u5167\u90e8\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\u62c6\u5c64\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u7247\u6bb5\uff08segment\uff09\u4e26\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b TCP \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u5305\u88dd\u5b8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u518d\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u5c01\u5305\uff08packet\uff09\u3002
\u7576\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u4e1f\u7d66 \u7db2\u5361 \u4f86\u8655\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u7684\u8a0a\u6846\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u6536\u767c\u5668\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u7dda\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f Wi-Fi \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff09\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-routing/#\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","title":"\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","text":"\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u85cd\u8272\u5708\u5708\u4ee3\u8868\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u7da0\u8272\u9577\u65b9\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8868\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff0c\u50b3\u8f38\u5230\u8def\u7531\u5668\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u53f0\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u6709\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u542b\u6709 MAC \u503c\uff09\u3002
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u9593\uff08\u4e2d\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u593e\u96dc\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff09\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\uff08\u6839\u64da Xiaobo Zhou \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f OSI \u968e\u5c64\u88e1\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5c64\u7d1a\uff09\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u641c\u5c0b\u3001\u6392\u968a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u7de9\u885d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u55ae\u7d14\u5047\u8a2d\u8def\u7531\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u628a\u8a0a\u865f\u9001\u7d66\u8ab0\u3002
\u50b3\u4e00\u50b3\u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u6703\u4ea4\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u518d\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u53cd\u8b6f\u5230\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-routing/#\u5404\u5c64\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9","title":"\u5404\u5c64\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9","text":"\u5716\u7684\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u6709\u7c21\u4ecb\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u548c\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u4ee5\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6703\u6709\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u5668\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u6709 TCP\u3001UDP \u548c ICMP \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b ICMP \u5c0d\u61c9\u5230 Socket API \u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5305\u88dd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Raw Socket \u63a5\u53e3\u3002ICMP \u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u6aa2\u67e5\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5c64\u670d\u52d9\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f ping\uff08\u9001 ping \u904e\u53bb\u8981 pong \u56de\u4f86\uff09\u3002
\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u9023\u7d50\u5c64\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6709 ATM\uff08Asynchronous Transfer Mode\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7570\u65bc\u4e59\u592a\u7db2\u7684\u7121\u9023\u63a5\u5f0f\u901a\u8a0a\uff08connection-less\uff09\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u4e2d\u65b7\u6642\uff08\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u61c9\uff09\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u4f86\u6e90\u7aef\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u5f91\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u548c\u9650\u7e2e\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u983b\u5bec\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/","title":"NTP","text":"Network Time Protocol \u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u5404\u65b9\u88dd\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u7684 NTP Server \u9032\u884c\u6821\u6642\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406","title":"\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406","text":"NTP \u662f\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u56de\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u4f86\u5f97\u77e5\u7bc0\u9ede\u548c\u4e2d\u539f\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c \u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f NTP \u5728\u6821\u6642\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u52d5\u4e00\u9ede\u7136\u5f8c\u9010\u6f38\u9760\u8fd1\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u6642\u9593\uff08\u6bcf\u79d2 0.5ms\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u53e6\u5916 NTP \u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u961c\u53e3 123 \u7684 UDP \u9032\u884c\u50b3\u8f38\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u6f14\u9032","title":"\u6f14\u9032","text":"Version Year RFC Desc. v0 1981 RFC 958 NTP \u6982\u5ff5\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u3001\u9810\u4f30\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u6642\u9418\u7684\u7279\u6027 v1 1988 RFC 1059 \u63d0\u51fa\u5be6\u4f5c\u898f\u5247\u3001\u76f8\u95dc\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c client-server \u8207 peer-to-peer \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f v2 1989 RFC 1119 \u63d0\u4f9b\u9a57\u8b49\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8a0a\u606f v3 1992 RFC 1305 \u6821\u6642\u6a5f\u5236\u3001\u4e0a\u6e38\u6642\u9418\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u904e\u6ffe\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e26\u652f\u63f4\u5ee3\u64ad\u6642\u9593\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c v4 2010 RFC 5905 \u652f\u63f4 IPv6 \u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u9a57\u8b49\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u5b89\u5168\u6027NTP \u6f14\u9032
\u53c3\u8003 Info-Finder\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u958f\u79d2","title":"\u958f\u79d2","text":"\u7531\u65bc UTC \u6642\u9593\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u505a\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u6e96\u5f97\u51fa\u904e\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u66c6\u6cd5\u6703\u6709\u6240\u885d\u7a81\u3002
\u885d\u7a81\u5c31\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u66c6\u6cd5\u662f\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u6e2c\u592a\u967d\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u6709 365.25 \u5929\u3002\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u548c\u516c\u8f49\u7684\u9031\u671f\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6703\u548c\u66c6\u6cd5\u6642\u9593\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u6027
\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u901f\u5ea6\u6e1b\u6162\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6f6e\u6c50\u6469\u64e6\uff0c \u50c5\u6b64\u4e00\u9805\u5c31\u5c07\u4f7f\u4e00\u5929\u6bcf\u4e16\u7d00\u5ef6\u9577 2.3ms\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u4fc3\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u5730\u6bbc\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c \u5730\u51fd\u5c0d\u6d41\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u5de8\u5927\u8cea\u91cf\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u7a0b\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6163\u6027\u77e9\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u81ea\u8f49\u901f\u7387\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u5730\u7403\u7684\u81ea\u8f49\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7e2e\u77ed\u592a\u967d\u65e5\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u6297\u6f6e\u6c50\u6469\u64e6\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51b0\u6cb3\u53cd\u5f48\u5c07\u592a\u967d\u65e5\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e86 0.6ms / \u4e16\u7d00\uff0c 2004 \u5e74\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u7684\u5730\u9707\u548c\u6d77\u562f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e86 2.68 \u5fae\u79d2\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u6d88\u5f4c\u9019\u9805\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u958f\u79d2\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\u3002
\u958f\u79d2\u53ef\u52a0\u53ef\u6e1b
\u958f\u79d2\u6703\u88ab\u52a0\u9032\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 UTC \u6642\u9593\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002 \u4f46\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff08\u81ea\u5f9e 1972 \u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff09\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u904e\u958f\u79d2\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u62b9\u9ed1\u5728\u958f\u79d2\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6642\u9593","title":"\u62b9\u9ed1\u5728\u958f\u79d2\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6642\u9593","text":"\u300c\u62b9\u9ed1\u5728\u958f\u79d2\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6642\u9593\u300d\u662f\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u70ba leap smear\u3002\u9019\u662f Google \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u50b3\u7d71\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5728 0 \u9ede\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u79d2\u591a\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u79d2\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5169\u79d2\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73fe\u932f\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u97ff\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002Leap smear \u5c31\u662f\u628a\u9019\u4e00\u79d2\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u6563\u7d66\u7576\u5929\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u8b93\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7684\u79d2\u8981\u8dd1\u4e45\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u5e7e\u4e4e\u611f\u53d7\u4e0d\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u79d2\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u5ee2\u9664","title":"\u5ee2\u9664","text":"\u6700\u8fd1\uff082022/08\uff09\u6709\u807d\u5230\u8981\u5ee2\u9664\u958f\u79d2\u7684\u98a8\u8072\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Meta\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u7a31 Facebook\uff09\u5de5\u7a0b\u5728 It\u2019s time to leave the leap second in the past \u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\uff08millennium\uff09\u82e5\u5ffd\u7565\u958f\u79d2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5e73\u8861\u96fb\u8166\u6642\u9593\u548c\u66c6\u6cd5\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6a5f\u7387\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u904e\u6c7a\u8b70\uff082022/11/18\uff09\u78ba\u5b9a\u5ee2\u9664\u958f\u79d2\u4e86\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u65bc 2035 \u5e74\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u65bd\u3002 \u539f\u56e0\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u6b63\u52a0\u901f\u4e2d\uff08\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u79d2\u6578\u5c07\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u61c9\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u6708\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u800c\u6e1b\u6162\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6b77\u4f86\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u904e\u7684\u958f\u79d2\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u5e73\u8861\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#referrer","title":"Referrer","text":"Idempotent
\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u7d50\u679c\u4ecd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91cd\u8907\u522a\u9664\uff08delete\uff09\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
Destructive\uff1a
\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u6703\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7121\u6cd5\u5fa9\u539f\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5 POST \u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba POST \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
PUT \u53ef\u80fd\u70ba user.name = 'Evan'\uff0c \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba user.access_count += 1\uff0c \u6545\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f idempotent\u3002
\u82e5\u70ba destructive\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 ETag \u548c If-Match \u7684 HTTP \u8868\u982d\u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u8907\u4fee\u6539\u3002
CAS
\u5c31\u5982\u540c Memcached/Redis \u7684 CAS\uff08compare and set\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/retry-strategy/#circuit-breaker-pattern","title":"Circuit Breaker Pattern","text":"\u591a\u4e45 retry \u4e00\u6b21\uff1f
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0cexponential backoff \u5c31\u662f\u696d\u754c\u7684 retry \u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u82e5\u540c\u6642\u6709\u8a31\u591a instance \u8981 retry connection\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u540c\u6642\u9593\u904e\u591a\u7684 request \u9032\u5165 server \u4e2d\u3002
\u5982\u4e0a\u5716\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c31\u53eb thundering herd\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u56e0\u70ba\u56de\u50b3\uff0c\u90fd\u64e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u767c\u9001\u3002
\u76f8\u95dc\u5be6\u969b\u6848\u4f8b
\u5728 Google \u5206\u4eab\u7684 Pok\u00e9mon GO \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c \u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u5beb\u7167\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u5728\u5404\u500b instance \u4e2d\u589e\u52a0 \u00b110% \u5167\u7684\u4e82\u6578\u6703\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u6563\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u53eb\u505a jitter\uff1a
function retryWaitSeconds(retryCount) {\n const time = SCHEDULE_WAIT_SECONDS[retryCount] || DEFAULT_WAIT_SECONDS;\n // return 0.9~1.1 time\n return Math.random() * (time * 0.2) + time * 0.9;\n}\n\u6216\u662f\u589e\u52a0 offset\uff1a
const PERIOD = 60_000;\nconst OFFSET = Math.random() * PERIOD;\nsetTimeout(() => {\n // 0~60 seconds\n setInterval(() => retry(), PERIOD);\n}, OFFSET);\nTransmission Control Protocol \u50b3\u8f38\u63a7\u5236\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8aaa\u660e\u548c\u7dad\u904b\u5fc3\u5f97\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#osi-\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","title":"OSI \u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","text":"Network \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0cApplication \u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002
Network \u4e2d\u7684 IP \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ca0\u8cac\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u8def\u7531\u7d66\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684 TCP \u5247\u6703\u900f\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc HTTP session \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53cd\u5fa9\u78ba\u8a8d\u6bb5\uff08segment\uff09\u88e1\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u548c\u7de8\u865f\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u5169\u7aef\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cTCP \u662f\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u6210\u96d9\u5411\uff08bidirectional\uff09\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6027\uff08ordered\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u9760\uff08reliable\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u8f38\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u912d\u4e2d\u52dd
TCP \u6703\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u7a2e\u7de8\u865f\u548c\u6a19\u8a18\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u9023\u7dda\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u7576\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff08\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u76e3\u807d\u65b9\u548c\u767c\u8d77\u65b9\u3002 \u5169\u8005\u7686\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u76e3\u807d\u548c\u9001\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u96d9\u65b9\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u65b7\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u8981\u540c\u610f\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u9023\u7dda\u624d\u80fd\u512a\u96c5\u800c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff08\u56db\u6b21\u63ee\u624b\uff09\u3002 \u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff1a
\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff1a
TIME_WAIT)\u3002\u5404\u500b\u6a19\u8a18\uff08flag\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u4e0b\u6bb5\u5c55\u793a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#tcp-\u4fe1\u865f","title":"TCP \u4fe1\u865f","text":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 TCP \u4fe1\u865f\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b TCP \u6bb5\uff08segment\uff09\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7167\u8a72\u4fe1\u865f\u5728\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u6392\u5217\uff1a
0.0.0.0:port\uff1b\u912d\u4e2d\u52dd
\u5f7c\u6b64\u6703\u5728\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u78ba\u8a8d\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684 SEQ \u865f\u78bc\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e92\u76f8\u78ba\u8a8d\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a
\u4e3b\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\uff08Active Close\uff09\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u88ab\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\uff08Passive Close\uff09\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6c92\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u505a\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
FIN\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT1 \u72c0\u614b\uff1bACK\uff1bFIN\uff1bFIN_WAIT1 \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230 FIN \u5c31\u9032\u5165 Closing \u72c0\u614b\u6e96\u5099\u76f4\u63a5\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT\uff1bFIN_WAIT1 \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230 ACK \u5c31\u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT2 \u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u6536\u5230 FIN \u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT\uff1bFIN_WAIT1 \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230 FIN+ACK \u5c31\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT\uff1bTIME_WAIT \u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u6b21 MSL\uff08Maximum Segment Lifetime\uff09\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff0c\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u3002\u9019\u6642\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u4e3b\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u9032\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u5c0d\u65b9\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08FIN WAIT 1 \u6216 FIN WAIT 2\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9084\u8981\u518d\u5f85\u5728 TIME_WAIT \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u961c\u7684\u8907\u7528\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u88ab\u52d5\u90a3\u65b9\u5c31\u53ea\u8981\u78ba\u8a8d\u95dc\u9589\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u701f\u7051\u8aaa\u518d\u898b\u4e86\u3002
\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u9019\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u4f86\u6e90\u57e0\uff0c \u4e0b\u6b21\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6536\u5230\u4e0a\u6b21\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u91cd\u9001\uff08Retransmission\uff09\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
TCP \u9078\u9805\uff08TCP Option\uff09\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u968e\u6bb5\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\uff0c \u8a73\u898b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u8209\u5e7e\u500b\uff1a
Kernel options \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 sysctl-explorer\uff0c \u66f4\u591a\u8aaa\u660e\u5c07\u5728\u6307\u6a19\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u7bc4\u4f8b","title":"\u7bc4\u4f8b","text":"\u4ee5\u9023\u7dda\u5230 google.com \u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684\u591a\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u505a\u8aaa\u660e\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f HTTP/3 \u5c31\u4e0d\u662f TCP \u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u6642\u8981\u770b\u770b\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u7ad9\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u3002
tcpdump -i <interface> port <port> -w - -U | tee /tmp/evan.pcap | tcpdump -r -\nMSS(Maximum TCP Segment Size) v.s. MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit):
MTU = MSS + 40 (IP header + TCP header)\nTBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#acknowledge-number","title":"ACKnowledge number","text":"TBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#options","title":"Options","text":"TBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u6307\u6a19","title":"\u6307\u6a19","text":"\u6307\u6a19\u540d\u7a31\u90fd\u6709\u524d\u7db4\uff1anode_netstat_TcpExt_\u3002
\u4f86\u6e90
\u672c\u5217\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 Node Exporter \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5404\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u5e45\u5ea6\uff1a
increase(label_replace({__name__=~\"node_netstat_Tcp.*\"}, \"na\", \"$1\", \"__name__\", \"node_netstat_Tcp(.+)\")[5m:1m])\nSYN_RECV \u6642\u6536\u5230\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3 RST ListenDrops Basic LISTEN \u56e0\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5927\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc ListenOverflows TCPTimeouts Basic \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u767c\u751f RTO \u6216 SYN-ACK \u8d85\u6642 TW Basic TIME_WAIT \u6578\u91cf TCPTimeWaitOverflow Basic TIME_WAIT \u6578\u91cf\u592a\u591a\u4e86 TWKilled Basic TIME_WAIT \u5728\u672a\u9054\u6642\u9650\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6578\u91cf TWRecycled Basic TIME_WAIT \u88ab\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6578\u91cf TCPAbortFailed Basic \u7a0b\u5f0f\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnClose Basic \u5728\u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT_1 \u6216 FIN_WAIT_2 \u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnData Basic \u5728\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnMemory Basic \u8cc7\u6e90\u8d85\u904e\u9650\u5236\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnTimeout Basic RTO/probe/keepalive timer \u9054\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0a\u9650\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPSynRetrans Basic \u91cd\u65b0\u5617\u8a66\u9001\u51fa SYN TCPRetransFail Basic \u91cd\u65b0\u5617\u8a66\u9001\u51fa SYN \u537b\u4ecd\u5931\u6557\uff1f TCPKeepAlive Basic Keep-Alive \u6b21\u6578 TCPFastRetrans Fast Retransmission \u6536\u5230\u65b0\u7684 ACK\uff0c\u820a\u7684\u9084\u6c92\u6536\u5230\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5 retrans TCPSlowStartRetrans Delayed ACK Delayed ACK \u958b\u59cb\u555f\u7528 DelayedACKLocked Delayed ACK Timer \u88ab\u672c\u6a5f lock \u4f4f\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u767c\u9001 ACK DelayedACKLost Delayed ACK \u9001\u51fa\u7684 ACK \u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5 DelayedACKs Delayed ACK \u9001\u51fa Delayed ACK \u6b21\u6578 ListenOverflows Backlog LISTEN \u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u63e1\u624b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u79fb\u4ea4\u9023\u7dda\u6642\u767c\u73fe queue \u6eff\u4e86 TCPBacklogCoalesce Backlog TCPBacklogDrop Backlog \u9032\u5165\u4f47\u5217\u6642\u5931\u6557 PAWSActive PAWS SYN_SENT \u5f8c\u7684 ACK \u6aa2\u67e5 PAWS \u5931\u6557 PAWSPassive PAWS SYN_RECV \u5f8c\u7684 ACK \u6aa2\u67e5 PAWS \u5931\u6557 PAWSEstab PAWS \u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c PAWS \u6aa2\u67e5\u5931\u6557 TCPTSReorder PAWS Timestamp \u4e82\u5e8f\u4e86 TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo Selective ACK \u6536\u5230\u975e\u6cd5 D-SACK \u6642\uff0c\u8a71\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cSACK \u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u865f\u592a\u820a TCPDSACKIgnoredOld Selective ACK \u6536\u5230\u975e\u6cd5 D-SACK \u6642\uff0c\u8a71\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cSACK \u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u865f\u592a\u820a TCPDSACKOfoRecv Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u767c\u9001\u7684\u820a\u5c01\u5305\u9084\u6c92\u9001\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5df2\u7d93\u9001\u53bb\u4e86 TCPDSACKOfoSent Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u820a\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u9084\u6c92\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e86 TCPDSACKOldSent Selective ACK \u5c0d\u65b9\u50b3\u672c\u6a5f\u5df2\u7d93\u770b\u904e\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u672c\u6a5f\u7684 ACK TCPDSACKRecv Selective ACK \u5c0d\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u672c\u6a5f\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u50b3\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u6a5f\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684 ACK TCPDSACKUndo Selective ACK TCPLostRetransmit Selective ACK \u9001\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u61c9\u7684 SACK TCPSACKDiscard Selective ACK \u6536\u5230\u975e\u6cd5 SACK \u6642\uff0c\u8a71\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cSACK \u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u865f\u592a\u820a TCPSACKReneging Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u5df2\u7d93\u4e1f\u6389\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u672c\u6a5f\u98df\u8a00\u4e86 TCPSACKReorder Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5c0d\u65b9\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7b49\u5f85\u820a\u8cc7\u6599 TCPSackRecovery Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u9001\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6574\u7406\u5c01\u5305\u9806\u5e8f TCPSackFailures Selective ACK RTO \u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u50b3\u5c0d\u65b9\u6c92\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5c01\u5305 TCPSackRecoveryFail Selective ACK RTO \u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u6574\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u9806\u5e8f TCPSackShifted Selective ACK Linux \u6210\u529f\u6574\u7406\u9806\u5e8f TCPSackShiftFallback Selective ACK Linux \u6574\u7406\u9806\u5e8f\u5931\u6557 TCPSackMerged Selective ACK \u5f97\u5230\u4e82\u5e8f\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u6574\u4f75\u6210\u529f TCPRenoFailures \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPRenoRecovery \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPRenoRecoveryFail \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPRenoReorder \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPDeferAcceptDrop Defer Accept Defer accept \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u4e1f\u68c4 TCPFastOpenActive Fast Open \u767c\u9001\u65b9\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb TCPFastOpenActiveFail Fast Open \u767c\u9001\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u5931\u6557 TCPFastOpenBlackhole Fast Open \u907f\u514d firewall \u963b\u64cb\u5c0e\u81f4\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u88ab\u89f8\u767c TCPFastOpenCookieReqd Fast Open Server \u56de\u61c9 Cookie Required TCPFastOpenListenOverflow Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u9023\u7dda\u4f47\u5217\u6eff\u6ea2 TCPFastOpenPassive Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7372\u5f97\u65b0\u9023\u7dda TCPFastOpenPassiveAltKey Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7372\u5f97\u65b0\u9023\u7dda\u4e14 cookie \u6709\u6548 TCPFastOpenPassiveFail Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5617\u8a66\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\u5931\u6557 TCPFromZeroWindowAdv Zero Window TCPToZeroWindowAdv Zero Window TCPWantZeroWindowAdv Zero Window TCPZeroWindowDrop Zero Window SyncookiesFailed SYN Cookies \u9a57\u8b49\u5931\u6557 SyncookiesRecv SYN Cookies \u6536\u5230\u6709 cookie \u7684 SYN SyncookiesSent SYN Cookies \u9001\u51fa\u6709 cookie \u7684 SYN TCPAutoCorking CORK \u6eff\u4e86\u6216\u6642\u9593\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u9001\u51fa TCPRcvCoalesce Coalescing \u6536\u5230\u6574\u4f75\u7684\u5c01\u5305 TCPAbortOnLinger Linger \u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT_2 \u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPChallengeACK TCPSYNChallenge TCPACKSkippedChallenge TCPOFODrop TCPOFOMerge TCPOFOQueue TCPMTUPFail TCPMTUPSuccess PruneCalled OfoPruned RcvPruned BusyPollRxPackets IPReversePathFilter LockDroppedIcmps ICMP ICMP \u5c01\u5305\u672c\u61c9\u88ab\u4e1f\u68c4\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u672c\u6a5f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab handle \u4e86 OutOfWindowIcmps ICMP \u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u4e2d\u5075\u6e2c\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b PFMemallocDrop TCPACKSkippedFinWait2 TCPACKSkippedPAWS TCPACKSkippedSeq TCPACKSkippedSynRecv TCPACKSkippedTimeWait TCPAckCompressed TCPPureAcks TCPFullUndo TCPPartialUndo TCPLossUndo TCPDelivered TCPDeliveredCE TCPHPAcks TCPHPHits TCPHystartDelayCwnd TCPHystartDelayDetect TCPHystartTrainCwnd TCPHystartTrainDetect TCPLossFailures TCPLossProbeRecovery TCPLossProbes TCPMemoryPressures TCPMemoryPressuresChrono TCPMinTTLDrop Basic \u5c01\u5305\u7684 TTL \u904e\u5c0f\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u50b3\u4e86\u592a\u4e45\u6216\u592a\u9060 TCPOrigDataSent TCPRcvCollapsed TCPRcvQDrop TCPReqQFullDoCookies TCPReqQFullDrop TCPSpuriousRTOs TCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues TCPWinProbe TCPWqueueTooBig TCPMD5Failure TCPMD5NotFound TCPMD5Unexpected \u76f8\u95dc\u8aaa\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\uff1a
\u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\u6703\u88ab\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4f47\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f47\u5217\u7a31\u70ba backlog\u3002 Linux \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u662f\u628a \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u968e\u6bb5 \u548c \u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210 \u5206\u5225\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f47\u5217\u3002
\u8a73\u898b Linux man page listen\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca How TCP backlog works in Linux\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#linger","title":"Linger","text":"Linux \u900f\u904e SO_LINGER \u4f86\u555f\u7528\uff0c\u900f\u904e RST \u4f86\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7de9\u885d\u5340\u9084\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u4e0d\u8d05\u8ff0\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#defer-accept","title":"Defer Accept","text":"Linux \u900f\u904e TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT \u4f86\u555f\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6536\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\u624d\u628a\u8a72\u9023\u7dda\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u3002
\u672c\u4f86\u5982\u679c\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5728 RTO \u5167\u6c92\u6709\u6536\u5230 ACK\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u9001\uff08retransmission\uff09\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u5927\u65bc\u6700\u4f4e\u7684 ACK \u865f\u78bc\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u50b3\u820a\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u50b3\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u7576\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u7684\u7de9\u5b58\u6eff\u6ea2\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u5be6\u5728\u904e\u65bc\u5fd9\u788c\uff0c\u6d88\u5316\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5bc4\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u3002
Full window \u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684 ACK \u4ee5\u63a5\u8457\u767c\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u56de ACK \u7d66\u6211\uff0c \u6211\u4e0d\u6562\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u5c01\u5305\u7d66\u4ed6\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u7db2\u8def\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u6642\u6a5f\u7d14\u719f\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9001\u51fa\u591a\u500b\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u6642\u6a5f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
MSS=MTU \u2013 40\uff09ACK\u900f\u904e TCP_NODELAY=1 \u4f86\u55ae\u7368\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a socket \u95dc\u9589\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u642d\u914d Delayed ACK \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6211\u5728\u7b49\u4f60\u7684 ACK \u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u5728\u7b49\u6211\u7684 ACK \u624d\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u548c Coalescing \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u7de9\u885d\u586b\u6eff\u4e86\u624d\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u9001\u51fa\uff0c \u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6709\u591a\u500b\u5206\u6bb5\u7684\u5340\u584a\u8981\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 HTTP Header \u548c HTTP Body\u3002
\u548c Coalescing \u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u65bc\uff1a
ACK\u900f\u904e TCP_CORK=1 \u4f86\u55ae\u7368\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a socket \u958b\u555f\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u7db2\u8def\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u6bcf\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u56de ACK\uff0c\u800c\u662f\uff1a
Linux \u900f\u904e TCP_QUICKACK=1 \u4f86\u95dc\u9589\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u642d\u914d Coalescing \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6211\u5728\u7b49\u4f60\u7684 ACK \u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u5728\u7b49\u6211\u7684 ACK \u624d\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u50b3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6700\u820a\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u91cd\u50b3\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#duplicated","title":"Duplicated","text":"\u900f\u904e SACK \u4f86\u544a\u77e5\u5c0d\u65b9\u6211\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6216\u8005\u544a\u77e5\u820a\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u9084\u6c92\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e86\uff08Out-of-order, OFO\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#syn-cookies","title":"SYN Cookies","text":"\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u6536\u5230 SYN \u6642\uff0c\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b cookie\uff0c \u4e26\u7b49\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u76f8\u61c9 cookie \u7684 ACK \u5f8c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u5206\u914d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7d66\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5927\u91cf SYN \u50b3\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u61c9\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u5fd9\u788c\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c0f\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5c01\u5305\u9806\u5e8f\u7684\u8aa4\u5224\uff0c\u8a73\u898b SYN cookies ate my dog\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#paws","title":"PAWS","text":"PAWS(Protection Against Wrapping Sequence)\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u907f\u514d SEQ \u6ea2\u4f4d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u932f\u8aa4\u3002 \u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u4e4b\u3002
\u6bcf\u500b TCP \u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u500b SEQ \u865f\u78bc\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u820a\u7684 SEQ \u865f\u78bc\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u91cd\u50b3\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6368\u68c4\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\u6240\u793a\u3002
---\ntitle: TCP Sequence Number\n---\nsequenceDiagram\n Client-->Server: Initialize SEQ as 100\n Client->>+Server: Length 33, SEQ-100\n Client-->>Network: Length 33, SEQ-100\n Server->>-Client: ACK-133\n Client->>+Server: Length 44, SEQ 133\n Server->>-Client: ACK-177\n Network->>Server: Length 33, SEQ-100\n Note right of Server: \u26a0\ufe0fDrop!\nTip
\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684 SEQ \u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u731c\u5230\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u507d\u9020\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u3002
SEQ \u662f\u4e00\u500b \\(2^32\\) \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u503c\u7d04\u70ba 43 \u5104\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u4e00\u689d\u9023\u7dda\u5982\u679c\u50b3\u9001\u4e86 4GB \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9047\u5230\u6ea2\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u6703\u4e1f\u68c4\u8a72\u5c01\u5305\u3002 \u4e0d\u7ba1\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u9577\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u662f\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u905e\u3002
---\ntitle: TCP Sequence Number Overflow\n---\nsequenceDiagram\n Client-->Server: Initialize SEQ as 1G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-2G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-3G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-4G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G(Overflow)\n Note right of Server: \u26a0\ufe0fDrop!\n\u65bc\u662f\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\uff08Timestamp, TS\uff09\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5373\u6642\u50b3\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6ea2\u4f4d\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u5c01\u5305\u3002
---\ntitle: TCP Sequence Number Overflow\n---\nsequenceDiagram\n Client-->Server: Initialize SEQ as 1G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G, TS-1\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-2G, TS-2\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-3G, TS-3\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-4G, TS-4\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G(Overflow), TS-5\n Note right of Server: OK, TS-5 > TS-4\n\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u554f\u984c_3","title":"\u554f\u984c","text":"Client-A \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u901a\u904e SNAT \u88ab\u8f49\u767c\u5230 Server\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18 TS-A \u8a2a\u554f\u4e26\u7d50\u675f\u9023\u7dda\u3002 Client-B \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u5982\u679c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba SNAT \u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684 Port\uff0c\u6b64\u6642 Client-B \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#forward-rto","title":"Forward RTO","text":"\u900f\u904e\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u7b49\u5f85\u7576\u4e0b\u5169\u500b ACK \u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u65bc\u91cd\u50b3\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u662f\u865b\u5047\u91cd\u50b3\u3002 \u5f9e\u800c\u9054\u5230\u907f\u514d\u55ae\u7d14\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u91cd\u9001\u3002
\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u548c\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u540c\u6642\u7d00\u9304 cookie\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u9023\u7dda\u6642\u5ffd\u7565\u63e1\u624b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#congestion-control","title":"Congestion Control","text":"\u907f\u514d\u5c01\u5305\u58c5\u585e\uff0cTCP \u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a
\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff1aTBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u7279\u6b8a","title":"\u7279\u6b8a","text":"\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u6307\u6a19\u4e0a\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#ecn","title":"ECN","text":"\u4f7f\u7528\u986f\u5f0f\u64c1\u585e\u901a\u77e5\uff08Explicit Congestion Notification, ECN\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u64c1\u585e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u6709\u7528\u6307\u4ee4","title":"\u6709\u7528\u6307\u4ee4","text":"\u67e5\u770b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc kernel reject \u5c01\u5305\uff08\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a
$ netstat -s | grep reject\n416177 passive connections rejected because of time stamp\n 13 packets rejects in established connections because of timestamp\n\u67e5\u770b\u5c01\u5305 kernel \u8a2d\u5b9a\uff1a
$ sysctl -ae | grep 'net\\.ipv4\\.tcp_'\nnet.ipv4.tcp_abort_on_overflow = 0\n...\nTCP \u5728 Berkeley Socket \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002
Socket \u70ba\u5305\u88dd\u5e95\u5c64\u904b\u4f5c\u7684 API\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Data Link Layer \u548c Network Layer\u3002
\u540d\u7a31 \u529f\u80fd Socket \u5efa\u7acb Socket \u4f86\u76e3\u807d\uff08listen\uff09\u9023\u7dda Bind \u7d81\u5b9a address \u548c port\uff0c\u53ef\u8a2d\u5b9a IP \u906e\u7f69 Listen \u76e3\u807d TCP \u9023\u7dda\u548c\u9650\u5236\u9023\u7dda\u6578\uff0cUDP \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u547c\u53eb\u672c\u51fd\u5f0f Accept \u8ff4\u5708\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u4ea4\u63e1\u884c\u70ba\u5404\u6d41\u7a0b\u7c21\u4ecb
\u5be6\u4f5c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7d81\u5b9a port \u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08IPv4\uff09\u5f8c\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff1a
bzero((char *)&server, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));\nserver.sin_family = AF_INET;\nserver.sin_port = htons(port);\nserver.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);\nif (bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) == -1) {\n fprintf(stderr, \"Can't bind name to socket\\n\");\n exit(1);\n}\nlisten(sd, 5); // (1)\n\nwhile (1) {\n client_len = sizeof(client);\n new_sd = accept(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_len); // (2)\n if (new_sd == -1) {\n fprintf(stderr, \"Can't accept client\\n\");\n exit(1);\n }\n // ...\n}\nnew_sd \u53bb\u8b80\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0csd \u5247\u7e7c\u7e8c\u76e3\u807d\u9023\u7dda\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u907a\u5931\uff1a\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u969b\u6709\u9001\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u8a0a\u865f\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6aa2\u9a57\u548c\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u5931\u6557\u3002
\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u907a\u5931\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7576\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u6536\u5230\u4e26\u56de\u50b3 ACK \u6642\uff0c\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6536\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u5c31\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u6c92\u9001\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
\u5931\u5e8f\uff1a\u539f\u672c\u662f\u7167 1,2,3,... \u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u537b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f 3,1,4,...\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u58c5\u585e\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u8def\u7531\u8def\u5f91\u4e0d\u540c\uff08IP \u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u600e\u9ebc\u9001\uff09
\u7576 TCP \u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u958b\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9\u88ab\u958b\u6eff\u4e86\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u72c0\u614b\u55ce\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6240\u6709\u90fd\u662f Active \u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1f
\u5982\u679c\u662f TIME_WAIT \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u95dc\u9589 TIME_WAIT \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u82e5\u90fd\u662f Active \u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e14\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5141\u8a31\u4e0b\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u7528 Virtual IP \u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u591a\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba TCP \u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5 IP \u548c Port \u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u5408\u3002\u8a73\u898b The Road to 2 Million Websocket Connections in Phoenix\u3002
\u5982\u4f55\u95dc\u9589 TIME_WAIT \u72c0\u614b\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff1f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ce6\u4e88\u8a72\u9023\u7dda\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u9805\uff1aSO_REUSEADDR\uff0c\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u6574 TCP_TW_REUSE \u6216 TCP_TW_RECYCLE\uff1a
This socket option tells the kernel that even if this port is busy (in the TIME_WAIT state), go ahead and reuse it anyway. If it is busy, but with another state, you will still get an address already in use error. It is useful if your server has been shut down, and then restarted right away while sockets are still active on its port. You should be aware that if any unexpected data comes in, it may confuse your server, but while this is possible, it is not likely.
\u6216\u8005\u8abf\u6574 Maximum Segment Lifetime(MSL)\uff1a
# \u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u73fe\u5728\u72c0\u614b\n$ sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout\n# VI \u6539\n$ vi /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout\n# Hot reload\n$ sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf\n\u5c31\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b HTTP Client \u5957\u4ef6\u6703\u5beb\u7684 Connection Timeout\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u70ba\u5341\u5206\u9418\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6982\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u9047\u904e\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u90a3\u6b21\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u9023\u7dda\u6578\u88ab\u5403\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4ecd\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\u56e0\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u5403\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u9020\u6210\u670d\u52d9\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u9593\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff08\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u95dc\u9589\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e0b\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u6703\u56e0\u70ba TCP \u5929\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u958b\u59cb\u53cd\u58d3\uff08back-pressure\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6e38\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u983b\u5bec\u8017\u7528\u7387\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u300c\u7576 TCP \u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u958b\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e4b\u9053\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a
RFC-9293 - TCP\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u904e\u6642\u7684 RFC-793, 879, 1011, 1122, 2873, 6093, 6429, 6528, and 6691 RFC-2018 - SACK \u8aaa\u660e RFC-7323 - TCP Options: Window Scale, Timestamp
\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b RFC\uff08\u5fd8\u8a18\u7de8\u865f\uff09\u8aaa\u660e\u68c4\u7528 TCP Timestamp\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4f54\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u6545\u63a8\u85a6\u5176\u4ed6\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528 TLS\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/url-structure/","title":"URL \u9577\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50","text":"URL: scheme://host:port/path
http, https
subdomain.domain.tld
comcom.twiogithub.iohttp default 80https default 443/path?query_key=query_value#fragment
https://example.com:443 is same origin to https://example.comhttp://eample.com:443 is different origin to http://example.com (why? http default port is 80)http://api.example.com is same site of http://auth.example.comschemeful-same-site consider scheme on siteSec-Fetch-Site([time=April, 2020]) can know where request came fromsame-sitesame-origincross-sitenoneWhat is Origin?
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/cross-origin-resources-sharing/#\u6b77\u53f2","title":"\u6b77\u53f2","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\u548c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u96b1\u79c1\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/cross-origin-resources-sharing/#\u5716\u8868\u8aaa\u660e","title":"\u5716\u8868\u8aaa\u660e","text":"http://example.com \u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002http://image.com\uff09\u8981\u6a94\u6848\uff08\u5716\u7247\uff0cCSS \u6a94...\uff09\u3002http://example.comhttp://example.com | http://other.com*\u593e\u96dc\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5e38\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/cross-origin-resources-sharing/#\u653b\u64ca","title":"\u653b\u64ca","text":"\u82e5\u5141\u8a31\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7db2\u7ad9\uff08devil.com\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u88ab\u653b\u64ca\u7db2\u7ad9\uff08example.com\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u5c08\u5c6c\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5716\u7247\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e92\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u8981\u5230\u6703\u54e1\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u751a\u81f3 cookie \u7684\u503c\u3002
very new feature!!
CORP \u548c CORSCross-Origin-Resource-Policy - same-origin - same-site - cross-originCross-Origin-Embedder-Policy - require-corpGET /api/v2/shops/{shop_name}/revenue_data.json HTTP/1.1\n...\n\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u66f4\u6539 shop_name \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u5982\u679c API \u5728\u8655\u7406\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u8b49\u6642\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9069\u7576\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u5982\uff1aCAPTCHA\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3001\u9396 IP \u7b49\u3002
\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u865f\u3001\u5bc6\u78bc\u7d44\u5408\u5217\u8868\u53cd\u8986\u5617\u8a66\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#excessive-data-exposure","title":"Excessive Data Exposure","text":"\u65b0\u9032\u4fdd\u5168\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u53d6\u9650\u5236\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u3002
GET /api/v2/camera/ids HTTP/1.1\n...\n\u56de\u50b3\u7684\u537b\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u5728 APP \u4f5c\u904e\u6ffe\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002
\u963b\u65b7\u670d\u52d9\u653b\u64ca (DoS)
GET /api/v2/users?page=1&size=100 HTTP/1.1\n...\nsize \u5f9e 100 \u8abf\u6574\u6210 2,000,000\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u53d6\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd
POST /api/admin/v2/invites HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"email\"\uff1a\"hugo@malicious.com\"}\n\u6ce8\u610f\u548c Object \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#mass-assignment","title":"Mass Assignment","text":"\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0b\u5217\u5169\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
const user = new User(req.body);\nuser.update();\nconst data = req.body;\nconst user = new User({ name: data.name, age: data.age });\nuser.update();\n\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6253\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b API \u5c1a\u7121\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
PUT /api/v2/user/data HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"name\"\uff1a\"john\",\"age\"\uff1a24}\n\u4f46\u6539\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u7d66\u4e88\u932f\u8aa4\u6b0a\u9650\u3002
PUT /api/v2/user/data HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"name\"\uff1a\"john\",\"age\"\uff1a24,\"money\"\uff1a999999}\n\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u914d\u7f6e
\u800c\u5176\u5728\u9ed8\u8a8d\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6703\u89e3\u9664\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u8b49...
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#injection","title":"Injection","text":"POST /api/v2/auth/login HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"account\"\uff1a\"some-account' OR 1 --\", \"password\": \"dont-care\"}\n\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u6703\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\uff1a
SELECT * FROM user\nWHERE account='some-account' OR 1 --' AND password='dont-care'\nLIMIT 1\nv2 \u628a Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting \u7684\u554f\u984c\u4fee\u597d\u4e86
GET /api/v2/users?page=1&size=100 HTTP/1.1\n...\n\u4f46\u662f v1 \u5462\uff1f\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5c0e\u5165\uff08redirect\uff09\u5230 v2 \u55ce
\u6e2c\u8a66\u74b0\u5883\u7684 DB \u6709\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u74b0\u5883\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#insufficient-logging--monitoring","title":"Insufficient Logging & Monitoring","text":"\u597d\u7684 Log \u548c\u8b66\u544a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7576\u4e0b\u5c0d\u653b\u64ca\u505a\u8655\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-authentication-best-practice/","title":"OWASP \u9a57\u8b49\u6a5f\u5236\u6700\u4f73\u6307\u5357","text":""},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-authentication-best-practice/#passsword","title":"Passsword","text":"Referer: https://github.com/OWASP/owasp-mstg/blob/master/Document/0x04e-Testing-Authentication-and-Session-Management.md#testing-best-practices-for-passwords-mstg-auth-5-and-mstg-auth-6
Referer: https://github.com/OWASP/owasp-mstg/blob/master/Document/0x04e-Testing-Authentication-and-Session-Management.md#session-management-best-practices
jti\uff08JWT ID\uff09KeyChain \u6216 KeyStorealg \u53ef\u63a5\u53d7 noneexp \u8981\u6ce8\u610fimplicit grant\uff0ccode grant \u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4e14\u77ed\u6642scope\u5982\u8ad6\u4f55\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u9a57\u8b49\u8acb\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u80fd\u78ba\u8a8d\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u771f\u7684\u88ab\u88dd\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002
iOS\uff1a
In iOS, a developer can use identifierForVendor, which is related to the bundle ID: the moment you change a bundle ID, the method will return a different value. When the app is ran for the first time, make sure you store the value returned by identifierForVendor to the KeyChain, so that changes to it can be detected at an early stage.
Android\uff1a
In Android, the developer can use Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID till Android 8.0 (API level 26) to identify an application instance. Note that starting at Android 8.0 (API level 26), ANDROID_ID is no longer a device unique ID. Instead, it becomes scoped by the combination of app signing key, user and device. So validating ANDROID_ID for device blocking could be tricky for these Android versions. Because if an app changes its signing key, the ANDROID_ID will change and it won't be able to recognize old users devices. Therefore, it's better to store the ANDROID_IDencrypted and privately in a private a shared preferences file using a randomly generated key from the AndroidKeyStore and preferably AES_GCM encryption. The moment the app signature changes, the application can check for a delta and register the new ANDROID_ID. The moment this new ID changes without a new application signing key, it should indicate that something else is wrong.
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u7d81\u5b9a\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7c3d\u767c\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4f86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002
Next, the device binding can be extended by signing requests with a key stored in the Keychain for iOS and in the KeyStore in Android can reassure strong device binding.
\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49 IP\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6642\u9593\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u6a5f\u654f\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032 local storage \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u751f\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5132\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a
KeychainKeystore\u8acb\u53c3\u7167\u5404\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\uff01\uff01
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58insecure-data-storage","title":"\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\uff08Insecure Data Storage\uff09","text":"\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a
\u9810\u9632\uff1a
iGoat\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u5f71\u7247\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0d\u8db3insecure-communication","title":"\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08Insecure Communication\uff09","text":"\u50b3\u8f38\u5a92\u4ecb\u53ef\u5305\u542b\uff1a
\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a
SMS\u3001MMS \u50b3\u51fa\u53bbGET /api/some-method?rule=user HTTP/1.1\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u6539\u6210 rule=admin
\u8acb\u7528 Server \u7aef\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6388\u6b0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u4f60\u7684-app-\u5beb\u5f97\u4e0d\u597dpoor-code-quality","title":"\u4f60\u7684 APP \u5beb\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff08Poor Code Quality\uff09","text":"\u6cdb\u6307\u6240\u6709\u5728 Client \u7aef\u7684\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c
\u9810\u9632\uff1a
buffer overflow \u548c memory leak \u662f\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u554f\u984cinclude <stdio.h>\n\n int main(int argc, char **argv)\n {\n char buf[8]; // buffer for eight characters\n gets(buf); // \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u9019\u5f88\u5371\u96aa\uff01\n printf(\"%s\\n\", buf); // print out data stored in buf\n return 0; // 0 as return value\n }\n\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u6709 APP \u90fd\u6703\u6709\u9019\u554f\u984c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c APP \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u908f\u8f2f\u90fd\u5728\u9a57\u8b49\u5f8c\u6216 Server \u7aef\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u985e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565
\u8f03\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7522\u696d\uff1a\u624b\u904a\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f
\u9700\u53c3\u7167\u5404\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4f86\u9810\u9632\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0breverse-engineering","title":"\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08Reverse Engineering\uff09","text":"\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u9810\u9632\uff08IDA Pro\u3001Hopper\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u6311\u4e00\u4e0b
\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e00\u500b Function \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8b93\u9006\u5411\u5f8c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u95b1\u8b80
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u53ef\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5f0f\u904b\u884c\u7684\u6a5f\u5236extraneous-functionality","title":"\u53ef\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5f0f\u904b\u884c\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff08Extraneous Functionality\uff09","text":"\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a APP \u57f7\u884c\u5728 local \u7aef\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6539\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u6216\u89c0\u5bdf log\u3002
debug \u7684 log\u5f8c\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff1a
\u57fa\u672c\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a
\u4f7f\u7528\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u9a57\u8b49\u8207\u6388\u6b0a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u96d9\u56e0\u7d20\u8a8d\u8b49\uff09
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u7684-session-\u8655\u7406improper-session-handling","title":"\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u7684 Session \u8655\u7406\uff08Improper Session Handling\uff09","text":"\u5047\u8a2d Skype \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5177\u6709 HTML \u6216 Script Injection \u5f31\u9ede\uff0c\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u628a\u5177\u6709\u60e1\u610f\u9023\u7d50\u7684 iframe \u5beb\u5165\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7db2\u9801\uff1a
<iframe src=\"skype:17031234567?call\"></iframe>\n\u4e00\u4f46\u53ef\u651c\u5f0f\u884c\u52d5\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u8b80\u53d6\u5230\u6b64 iframe \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6642\uff0cSkype \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c07\u7121\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u958b\u59cb\u64ad\u865f\u7d66\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc\u3002
Cross Site Rrequest Foriegn
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u5c01\u88dd\u6a94\u6848\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0d\u8db3--\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8b77lack-of-binary-protections","title":"\u5c01\u88dd\u6a94\u6848\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0d\u8db3 / \u7f3a\u5c11\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8b77\uff08Lack of Binary Protections\uff09","text":"Binary \u4fdd\u8b77\u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u7372\u5f97\u60a8\u7684 App
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\u66f8\u540d \u72c0\u614b \u8a55\u50f9 \u4f5c\u8005 \u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f Implementation Patterns \u8b80\u5b8c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Kent Beck 2007-10 Distributed Systems with Node.js \u5b8c\u6210 \u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606 Thomas Hunter 2020-11 Designing Data-intensive Applications \u5b8c\u6210 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Martin Kleppmann 2017-03 Future Of Fusion Energy \u5beb\u4f5c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 Jason Parisi, Paperback 2018-12 Release It! \u5b8c\u6210 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606 Michael T. Nygard 2018-01 Adaptive Concurrency \u5b8c\u6210 \u5fc3\u5f97 2022-07 The Site Reliability Workbook \u5beb\u4f5c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Google \u91dd\u5c0d\u7dad\u904b\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u6574\u7406 2018-09"},{"location":"feedback/#\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7570\u52d5","title":"\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7570\u52d5","text":"\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u65b0\u589e\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4fee\u6539\u820a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66","title":"\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66","text":"\u6240\u4ee5\u554f\u984c\u56de\u5230\uff1a\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u6bcf\u79d2\u80fd\u627f\u8f09\u7684\u91cf\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u74b0\u5883\u9700\u8981\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u548c\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u5e38\u99d0\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08daemon\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u518d\u4f86\u9084\u6709\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u96fb\u8166\u9084\u662f\u62ff\u591a\u53f0\u96fb\u8166\u4e00\u8d77\u767c\u9001\u4e26\u884c\u8acb\u6c42\uff1f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981 keep alive \uff1f\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u916c\u8f09\uff08payload\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u5dee\u7570\u55ce\uff1f\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u8981\u6e2c\u54ea\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff1f\u6709\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8dd1\u7d04 10 \u79d2\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u537b\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6545\u50c5\u9700 30 \u6beb\u79d2\u5c31\u6703\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u80fd\u627f\u8f09\u7684\u91cf\u3002
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\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u901a\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08capacity\uff09\u548c\u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u641e\u6df7\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5169\u8005\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u627f\u8f09\u7684\u7e3d\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u6642\u9593\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u6bcf\u79d2\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u91cf\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u58c5\u585e\u63a7\u5236","title":"\u58c5\u585e\u63a7\u5236","text":"\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5f88\u591a\u7709\u7709\u89d2\u89d2\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u8655\u7406\u58c5\u585e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7a31\u58c5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff08congestion avoidance control\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u6587\u59cb\u65bc 1988 \u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u5982\u524d\u8a00\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u5728 TCP \u5354\u5b9a\u4e2d\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u8a72\u63a7\u5236\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u512a\u5316\u548c\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 1995 \u5e74\u7684 Vegas\u30012002 \u5e74\u7684 AIMD-FC\u30012004 \u5e74\u7684 BIC \u7b49\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u9818\u57df\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230 APIM \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7ba1\u7406\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5df2\u7d93\u9810\u8a2d\u652f\u63f4\u96cd\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff08proxy\uff09\u90fd\u9810\u8a2d\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Nginx\uff08community version\uff09\u3001HAProxy \u9810\u8a2d\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u88dd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u639b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Nginx \u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88dd lua \u7684\u5916\u639b\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u8f03\u65b0\u7684 Envoy \u548c Vector\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u652f\u63f4\u3002
\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u5730\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u7709\u7709\u89d2\u89d2\u7adf\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u516c\u5f0f\u6b78\u7d0d\u8d77\u4f86\uff01\u9019\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f 1954 \u5e74\u5229\u7279\u723e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u3002
... This relationship is covered very nicely with Little's Law Netflix - concurrency-limit
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","title":"\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","text":"\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\uff08Little's law\uff09\u65bc 1954 \u5e74\u5229\u7279\u723e\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u9280\u884c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u60f3\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u9280\u884c\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5ef3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u601d\u8003\u300c\u9280\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u6703\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u9867\u5ba2\u5728\u88e1\u9762\u300d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5229\u7279\u723e\u900f\u904e\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u63a8\u5c0e\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u9280\u884c\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u5e73\u5747\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u6709 30 \u500b\u4eba\uff08\\(30\\; p/hr\\)\uff09\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7b49\u5f85\u52a0\u8655\u7406\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6642\u9593\u662f 6 \u5206\u9418\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f 0.1 \u500b\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\\(0.1\\; hr\\)\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u51fa\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\u4eba\u6578\u70ba \\(30\\; p/hr \\times 0.1\\; hr = 3\\; p\\)\uff0c\u4e09\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6e96\u5099\u4e09\u5f35\u6905\u5b50\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5728\u9280\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4f4d\u5b50\u5750\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u6a5f\u7387\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u518d\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5009\u5132\u4e2d\u5fc3\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u300c\u5009\u5eab\u8981\u591a\u5927\u4f86\u5b58\u653e\u9019\u4e9b\u8ca8\u54c1\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u8a08\u7b97\u6bcf\u5929\u5e73\u5747\u9001\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u8ca8\u54c1\u6578\u548c\u6bcf\u4ef6\u8ca8\u7269\u5e73\u5747\u8981\u653e\u591a\u4e45\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u6bcf\u5929\u6709 100 \u4ef6\u8ca8\u54c1\u9032\u4f86\u4e14\u6bcf\u4ef6\u8ca8\u54c1\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u4e09\u5929\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u5009\u5eab\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e 300 \u4ef6\u8ca8\u54c1\u624d\u5920\u5927\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u7b97\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u300c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5009\u5eab\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u50c5\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u5169\u500b\u53c3\u6578\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u8ca8\u6d41\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u5206\u914d\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53b2\u5bb3\u5427\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","title":"\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","text":"\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4f8b\u5b50\u653e\u56de\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u5957\u7528\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u3002
\\(L\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u5e73\u5747\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\uff0c\\(\\lambda\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u8acb\u6c42\u7387\uff0c\\(W\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\uff1f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
\u8acb\u5148\u5230 playground-adaptive-concurrency\uff0c\u7167\u8457 README \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u628a\u670d\u52d9\u555f\u52d5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e00","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e00","text":"\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42 500 \u6beb\u79d2\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
node src/client.js --wait 500 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8080\n\u5716\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u662f\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u79d2\u9418\u6703\u6709 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7e3d\u91cf\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u5728 15 \u500b\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u8655\u7406\uff08in-flight\uff09\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u7dad\u6301\u5728 10 \u500b\uff08\u6839\u64da\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u500b server \u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u8655\u7406 10 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u800c pending \u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u5728 5 \u500b\u3002\u6703\u770b\u5230 pending \u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6296\u52d5\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u505a metrics \u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u6bcf 0.5 \u79d2\u8f38\u51fa\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u904e\u4e86 0.5 \u79d2\u5f8c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u4e86\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u6709 jitter\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u793a\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684 pending \u6578\u91cf\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u4ee3\u8868 server \u6bcf\u79d2\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09\u3002\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\uff0c10 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u9700\u8017\u6642 500ms\uff0c5 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u9700\u8017\u6642 1000ms\uff0c\u6545\u800c \\(\\left ( 10 \\times 500 + 5 \\times 1000 \\right )/15 \\approx 667\\; ms\\)\u3002
\u7528\u62fc\u5716\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5c31\u6703\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\uff1a
\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e8c","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e8c","text":"\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42 600 \u6beb\u79d2\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
node src/client.js --wait 600 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8080\n\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8457\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u73fe\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u80fd\u670d\u52d9\u9019\u500b\u91cf\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u55ce\uff1f
\u8ddf\u4f60\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\u55ce\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f\u8acb\u6c42\u4f86\u5230 600 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4e5f\u80fd\u8655\u7406\uff01\u9019\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6709\u9ede\u9055\u53cd\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684 100 \u6beb\u79d2\u597d\u50cf\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c0e\u81f4\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u8655\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u5011\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u7528\u62fc\u5716\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u756b\u51fa\u4f86\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u5be6\u969b\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u3002
\u7531\u4e0a\u5716\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u5faa\u74b0\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e2d\u9593 200 ms\uff08\\(2000 - 600 \\times 3 = 200\\; ms\\)\uff09\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u5728\u7b97\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u91cf\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u756b\u9019\u500b\u62fc\u5716\u55ce\uff1f\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6709\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\uff01\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u6578\u503c\u5e36\u9032\u516c\u5f0f\u88e1\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\uff01\\(L = \\lambda \\times W = 15\\; req/s \\times 0.6\\; s = 9\\; req\\)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u64c1\u6709\u5927\u65bc 9 \u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08capacity\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u5404\u4f4d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8457\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u300cServer latency\u300d\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u5728 0.88 \u79d2\u5de6\u53f3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e09","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e09","text":"\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42 700 \u6beb\u79d2\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
node src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8080\n\u6211\u5011\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8457\u7528\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u9019\u6a23\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u627f\u8f09\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f server \u53ea\u80fd\u627f\u8f09 10 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ea\u6709 10\uff0c\u7576\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u8d85\u904e 10 \u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u8acb\u6c42 pending\u3002
\\(15 \\times 0.7 = 11.5\\; req\\)\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8d85\u904e\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u8b93\u8acb\u6c42\u5ef6\u5b95\uff08pending\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u7b49\u5f85\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6642\u518d\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c Nginx \u7b49\u592a\u4e45\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe timeout \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u61c9 504\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u5716\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u597d\u597d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e86\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u770b\u4e0a\u9762 server \u7684\u8655\u7406\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9084\u6c92\u8655\u7406\u597d\u4e0a\u4e00\u79d2\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u53c8\u63a5\u8457\u4f86\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u79d2\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 pending \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u7121\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002\u5728\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684 client \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u5230\u4e86 10:15:50 HTTP 200 \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u958b\u59cb\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f Nginx \u56de\u7684 504 Timeout\uff0c\u4e14\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u5728 4 \u79d2\u5167\u56de\u61c9\u8acb\u6c42\uff08pending \u8f49\u5230 in-flight \u4e26\u82b1 0.7 \u79d2\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8d85\u904e\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u8d85\u904e 4 \u79d2\u6642\uff0cclient \u5c31\u6703\u6536\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7686\u70ba 504\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u5716\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u5e73\u5747\u6f5b\u6642\u6b63\u9010\u6b65\u5f80 4 \u79d2\u9760\u8fd1\u3002\u7576\u5230\u4e86 10:17:05 \u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u56de\u5230 server \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5169\u5206\u9418\uff08120 \u79d2\uff09\u904e\u53bb\u4e86\uff0cclient \u4e0d\u518d\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u904e\u4f86\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u9010\u6b65\u628a\u809a\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6d88\u5316\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u800c pending \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u958b\u59cb\u9a5f\u964d\u3002
\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u4e2d\u6de1\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u7dda\uff08HTTP 200 \u6bcf\u79d2\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u4e26\u6bcf\u5341\u79d2\u5e73\u5747\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\uff0cserver \u7684\u901a\u91cf\u5728\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6642\u5e73\u5747\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f 10:15:10 \u5230 10:15:45 \u4e4b\u9593\uff09\uff1f\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u63db\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\\(\\lambda = L / W = 10 / 0.7 \\approx 14.3\\)\uff0c\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8981\u6c42\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u8981\u80fd\u6bcf\u79d2\u8655\u7406 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u58d3\u5728\u5e7e\u79d2\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\uff1f\\(W = L / \\lambda = 10 / 15 \\approx 0.67\\)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8acb\u6c42\u5728 0.67 \u79d2\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u8acb\u6c42\u958b\u59cb\u96cd\u585e\u4e26\u5806\u7a4d\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e86\u55ce\uff01
\u6709\u4e86\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u300c\u5e73\u5747\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u300d\u8a2d\u70ba\u63a7\u5236\u8b8a\u56e0\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u5be6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f 10\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09\u5c31\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6545\u800c\u8eab\u70ba APIM\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8acb\u6c42\u5c0e\u6d41\u5230\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u670d\u52d9\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u963b\u585e\u672a\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u9650\u5236\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u6e2c\u6f5b\u6642\u4f86\u81ea\u52d5\u4fee\u6b63\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f Additive-Increase/Multiplicative-Decrease\uff08AIMD\uff09\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\u7a69\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff08Additive-Increase\uff09\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6578\uff0c\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\u904e\u9ad8\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u58d3\u4f4e\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\uff08Multiplicative-Decrease\uff09\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u6642\u9593\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u4f86 DEMO \u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01
AIMD \u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\u8a73\u898b\u76f8\u95dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c-aimd","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c AIMD","text":"node src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8081\n\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5c0d\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0a\u5347\u7684 pending \u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6301\u7e8c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c AIMD \u7684 proxy \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u958b\u59cb\u7d00\u9304\u670d\u52d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f09\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d85\u51fa\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u5716\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba proxy \u521d\u59cb\u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5341\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c71\u4e18\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff08Additive-Increase\uff09\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6578\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d05\u8272\u5c0f\u5c71\u4e18\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4f86\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u7a69\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u7dda\u4e2d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u7d04 \\(14.3 req/s\\) \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u90a3\u4e9b\u7121\u6cd5\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e proxy \u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7d55\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u5be6\u4f5c\u662f\u8b93\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u5f9e 600ms \u5347\u5230 700ms \u518d\u5347\u5230 1000ms\u3002
# \u4f7f server \u9810\u8a2d\u7b49\u5f85 600ms\ncurl localhost:8000/set-wait/600\n# --wait = 0 \u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u7528 server \u9810\u8a2d\u7684 waiting time\nnode src/client.js --wait 0 --rate 15 --duration 0 --port 8081\n# \u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\ncurl localhost:8000/set-wait/700\ncurl localhost:8000/set-wait/1000\n\u5728 11:06:30 \u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u548c\u524d\u9762\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\u4f86\u5230 1000ms \u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 proxy \u958b\u59cb\u81ea\u52d5\u964d\u4f4e\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u62d2\u7d55\u591a\u51fa\u7684 5 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u4e0a\u5716\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e86 AIMD \u7684\u589e\u5e45\uff1a\u9010\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u9661\u843d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728 proxy \u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u627f\u8f09\u904e\u591a\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e00\u4e0b\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\uff08AIMD \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u4f5c\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u64c1\u6709 100 \u7684\u901a\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5404\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08client\uff09\u6436\u4f54\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9650\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005A \u6bcf\u79d2\u53ea\u80fd\u6253 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005B \u6bcf\u79d2\u53ea\u80fd\u6253 40 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7e3d\u9650\u5236\u6703\u5c0f\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc 100\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u7576\u6bcf\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u9019\u500b APIM \u4e2d\u65b7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u524d\u9762\u639b\u8f09\u4e86\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5fc3\u8b93 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005A \u548c \u4f7f\u7528\u8005B \u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u6bcf\u79d2 80 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5408\u8a08\u8d77\u4f86\u662f 160 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u65bc\u80fd\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\u6bcf\u79d2 100 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u9019\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u512a\u52e2\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u80fd\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u8e29\u5230\u9650\u5236\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u9650\u6d41\u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u6709\u6642\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u518d\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86 5 \u5206\u9418\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01
# \u5206\u5225\u5728\u5169\u500b\u7d42\u7aef\u8f38\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 120 --name A --port 8081\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 120 --name B --port 8081\n\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5de6\u4e0b\u7684 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005A \u548c\u53f3\u4e0b\u7684 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005 B \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230 HTTP 200 \u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e14\u5169\u8005\u7684\u7e3d\u901a\u91cf\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684 14.3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e00\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b client \u7684\u5148\u5f8c\u9806\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6703\u5c0d\u7372\u5f97 504 \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u6211\u5011\u7559\u5230\u5ef6\u4f38\u518d\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u5f88\u96e3\u505a\u5230\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4ed6\u8981\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6700\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014\u72c0\u614b\u6a5f\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u505a\u9650\u6d41\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u5404\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d00\u9304\u5176\u4e94\u5206\u9418\u5167\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a
\u628a\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u653e\u5230\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01
# \u5206\u5225\u5728\u5169\u500b\u7d42\u7aef\u8f38\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 0 --port 8081\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 0 --port 8082\n\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9019\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u500b proxy\uff0cProxyA \u7684 port \u662f 8081\u3001ProxyB \u7684 port \u662f 8082\u3002\u7576\u5169\u500b proxy \u5404\u81ea\u63a5\u6536\u5341\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u81ea\u5df1\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u901a\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u7dad\u6301 \\(14.3 req/s\\) \u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u9019\u6642\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b proxy \u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u9069\u7576\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u901a\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u500b proxy \u6642\uff0c\u5404\u81ea proxy \u7684\u901a\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5236\u5c07\u6703\u7834\u58de\u9810\u671f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6392\u89e3\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u904e\u8f09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u901a\u91cf\u6216\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6301\u7e8c\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u4f86\u8abf\u6574\u61c9\u8a72\u9001\u5f80\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u4f86\u554f\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u8a13\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f97\u5fc5\u6709\u5931\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5931\u6e96\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u5206\u5225\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u6211\u5011\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4fdd\u9463\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u80fd\u7684\u8077\u696d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u696d\u52d9\u8655\u7406\u6642\u9593\u88ab\u62c9\u9577\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u60e1\u610f\uff08\u7121\u610f\uff09\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7834\u58de\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u904e IP\u3001UA \u751a\u81f3 Header \u4f86\u8fa8\u5225\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u9650\u5236\u3002
\u5728\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u6709\u5f97\u5fc5\u6709\u5931\u300d\u662f\u9069\u7528\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 AIMD\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5ef6\u4f38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u6574\u548c\u512a\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u8209\u5e7e\u500b\uff1a
\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c0d\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9084\u662f\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u66f8\u88e1\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u8b1b\u89e3\uff0c\u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u66f8\u6709 Google \u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u5beb\u7684 Site Reliability Engineering\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/maintenace-experience/","title":"\u7dad\u904b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u5f97","text":"\u7dad\u904b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u64da\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6578\u64da\u4f5c\u51fa\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002
\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u7522\u54c1\u300d\u5c31\u5e36\u4ee3\u8868\u900f\u660e\u5316\uff0clog/metric/trace
log \u53c8\u5206\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1atext log\u3001introspection log\uff08eg. exception stack\uff09 \u548c structure log\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc SLO \u4f86\u8aaa structure log \u548c metrics \u624d\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc\u8981\u627e\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0ctrace \u548c introspection log \u6703\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\u3002
Metrics \u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u9019\u53f0\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e0a\u6b21\u90e8\u7f72\u6642\u9593\uff08program version tag\uff09\u3002
SLO \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u6700\u4e45\u5931\u80fd\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff0cSLI \u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u554f\u984c\u3002
trace \u8981\u653e tcp \u9023\u7dda\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u91d0\u6e05\u9023\u7dda\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
trace \u8ddf metrics \u5dee\u5728\u54ea\uff1f
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u62c9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 agent connections \u5f9e\u96f2\u5230\u5730\u5f8c\u8b8a\u9ad8\uff0c agent log \u770b\u5230 latency \u62c9\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u6c92\u505a
\u7167\u9867\u597d\u4f60\u7684 monitor \u670d\u52d9\uff1a
statsd, PrometheusPrometheus, InfluxDB(long term)Grafana, ViceroyAlertmanagermetrics \u6ce8\u610f\u56db\u5927\u6307\u6a19\uff1a
\u600e\u9ebc\u76e3\u63a7\u670d\u52d9\uff1f\u5047\u8a2d\u4f60\u7684 SLO \u8a02\u5b9a 30 \u5929\u6700\u9ad8 0.1% \u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\uff1a
\u89e3\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u6539\u6210\u76e3\u63a7 burn rate\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u6703\u591a\u5feb\u6d88\u8017\u6389\u4f60\u7684 error budget\uff1a
\u4f4e\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a
\u6709\u6642\u592a\u5bec\u9b06\u7684 SLO \u6703\u8b93\u9810\u671f\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u5931\u9748\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSLO \u6bcf\u6708 90% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u76e3\u63a7\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642 > 2% \u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u5c07\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89f8\u767c\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align} 720*2\\% = 14.4 rate >= 14.4* (1-90\\%) = 1.4 \\end{align}\\]\u8981\u8b93\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5927\u65bc\u8acb\u6c42\u7e3d\u6578\u7684 1.4 \u500d\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52d9\uff08\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6bcf\u500b\u90fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u7368\u7acb\u7684 SLO\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u5206\u985e\u597d\u4e26\u5957\u7528\u5176\u61c9\u6709\u7684 SLO\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Request class Availability Latency @ 90%a Latency @ 99%CRITICAL 99.99% 100 ms 200 ms HIGH_FAST 99.9% 100 ms 200 ms HIGH_SLOW 99.9% 1,000 ms 5,000 ms LOW 99% None None NO_SLO None None None \u4f46\u662f\u8981\u505a\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u88ab\u529f\u80fd\u958b\u767c\u4f54\u6eff\uff01\u9019\u6642\u5019\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f
\u9019\u5c31\u5c0d\u5230\u300c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u591a\u5c11\u6642\u9593\u5728\u7dad\u904b\u4e0a\u300d
\u518d\u5e36\u5230 error budge\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u5c0e\u5230\u300c\u4f9d\u64da\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6578\u64da\u505a\u51fa\u6c7a\u7b56\u300d\u3002
\u518d\u4f9d\u6b64\u5c0e\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u67b6\u69cb\uff0cDevOps v.s. SRE
\u5229\u7528 THD \u505a\u4e00\u500b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002
\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\uff0cJava \u904e GSLB \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u5728 GSLB \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab reset\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6240\u6709 db \u9023\u7dda\u5931\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/","title":"Release It","text":"\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5617\u8a66\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u5730\u95e1\u8ff0\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7dad\u904b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u524d\u8a00","title":"\u524d\u8a00","text":"\u7dad\u904b\u662f \u7dad\u6301\u904b\u4f5c \u7684\u7c21\u5beb\uff0c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6bd4\u8d77\u5beb\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u66b8\u89e3\uff0c \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u5f9e\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u786c\u9ad4\u6a5f\u5668\u5230\u4e0a\u5c64\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\u9593\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u884c\u7232\u548c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u90fd\u8981\u66b8\u89e3\u3002
\u7576\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7bc0\u9ede\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u55ae\u9ede\u7684\u66b8\u89e3\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u53bb\u5be9\u8996\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002
\u95dc\u65bc\u4e8c\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57
\u300c\u4e8c\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u662f\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u500b\uff1a \u96f6\u500b\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u591a\u500b\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f88\u591a\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8b93\u7dad\u904b\u9019\u9ebc\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5728\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4f01\u696d\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u6bcf\u500b\u61c9\u7528\uff0c \u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u56f0\u96e3\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4f60\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7dad\u904b\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\uff1a\u4f60\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b0a\u8861\u4e2d\u505a\u9078\u64c7\u3002 \u5728\u5beb\u9019\u4efd\u5fc3\u5f97\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5728\u601d\u8003\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u628a\u9019\u9ebc\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5beb\u597d\uff0c \u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002
\u9019\u4efd\u5fc3\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u6bb5\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u66f8\u4e2d\u662f\u56db\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a
\u66f8\u4e2d\u5beb\u5f97\u6709\u8072\u6709\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u50c5\u4ee5\u689d\u5217\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u5be9\u8996\u548c\u56de\u61b6\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f8\u4e2d\u5beb\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002
\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u500b\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u51fa\u8655\u548c\u9801\u6578\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9801\u6578\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u662f Release it! \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#tcp-\u985e\u578b","title":"TCP \u985e\u578b","text":"TCP \u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u672a\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda","title":"\u672a\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda","text":"\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\u900f\u904e VIP \u548c\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u505a\u4e86 HA \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cTCP \u9023\u7dda\u4fbf\u81ea\u7136\u88ab\u68c4\u7528\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba VIP \u6c92\u6709\u8b8a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u689d\u9023\u7dda\u5b58\u5728\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u537b\u5728\u9023\u7dda\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u672a\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u64fa\u3002
Case study, postmortem - p14
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728 Java \u9019\u985e\u591a\u7dda\u7a0b\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8907\u5229\u7528\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u5728 PHP\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u751f\u6ec5\u7684\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09 \u6216 Node.js\uff08\u55ae\u7dda\u7a0b\uff0clibuv\uff09 \u4f60\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u770b\u5230\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
\u4e0a\u9762\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5728\u9019\uff1a
Connection conn = null;\nStatement stmt = null;\ntry {\n // \u5982\u679c\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u6c92\u6709\u9023\u7dda\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5728\u9019\u908a\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\n // \u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u770b\u5230 HTTP 500 \u6216 Timeout \u7279\u5225\u9ad8\uff0c\n // \u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 CPU/Mem \u537b\u5f88\u4f4e\n conn = connectionPool.getConnection();\n stmt = conn.createStatement();\n // Do the things\n} finally {\n if (stmt != null) {\n stmt.close();\n }\n if (conn != null) {\n conn.close();\n }\n}\n\u6709\u770b\u5230\u554f\u984c\u55ce\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u8b70\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u904e JDBC \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u548c\u5f88\u591a IDE \u6574\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe stmt.close() \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\u662f\u6703\u4e1f Exception \u7684\uff01
\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9632\u706b\u7246\u7684 session table \u91cd\u7f6e\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u88ab\u4e1f\u68c4\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u62d2\u7d55\uff09\uff0c \u9032\u800c\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u548c\u8acb\u6c42\u7aef\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u9023\u7dda\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684 TCP Retransmission\u3002
Integration Points, The 5 A.M. Problem - p38
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u884c\u70ba\u5806\u7a4d\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u6301\u7e8c\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0b\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d","title":"\u6301\u7e8c\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0b\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d","text":"\u5728\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u8457 \u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u8b8a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4 \u6642\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5806\u7a4d\uff09\uff0c \u55ae\u4e00\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u5206\u914d\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c \u7576\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u56e0\u70ba\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5806\u7a4d\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5931\u80fd\u6642\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u5269\u4e0b\u5169\u53f0\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002
\u5728\u672a\u7372\u5f97\u6539\u5584\u524d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5806\u7a4d\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6539\u5584\uff09\uff0c \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u91cd\u555f\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002
Chain Reactions, Searching... - p48
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u4e26\u672a\u544a\u77e5\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9396\u6b7b\uff09\u9084\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8f38\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u932f\u8aa4\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u8acb\u6c42\u7aef\u53cd\u8986\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u9001\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002
Cascading Failures - p50
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u524d\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u8005 \uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Chrome \u7684\u512a\u5316\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff09 \u6703\u53cd\u8986\u767c\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u7d00\u9304 session ID\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u53cd\u8986\u5efa\u7f6e\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u7684 session\uff0c\u52a0\u91cd\u670d\u52d9\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002
Unwanted Users - p57
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\u5c0e\u81f4\u65b7\u8def\u5668\u65b7\u96fb\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6a5f\u95dc\u6a5f\u3002 \u7576\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u6a5f\u5668\u6642\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5728\u91cd\u958b\u6a5f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8acb\u6c42\u6bd4\u5e73\u6642\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u65b7\u8def\u5668\u53cd\u8986\u8df3\u96fb\u3002
Dogpile - p79
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u932f\u8aa4\u914d\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u66b4\u885d","title":"\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u66b4\u885d","text":"\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u5347\u7248\u904e\u7a0b\u628a\u9810\u671f\u88ab\u95dc\u6389\u7684 auto-scaler \u6a5f\u5236\u555f\u52d5\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4 auto-scaler \u56e0\u70ba\u904e\u6642\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u9589\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
Outage Amplification - p80
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u672c\u4f86\u662f metadata\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9810\u671f\u4ed6\u6703\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u4f46\u610f\u5916\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 pagination\uff0c \u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5403\u5149\u7bc0\u9ede\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0e\u81f4\u5931\u80fd\u3002
Unbounded Result Sets - p87
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u7576\u7269\u4ef6\u904b\u7b97\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e1f\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8b93\u8a72\u7269\u4ef6\u63a5\u8457\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u518d\u4e1f\u932f\u3002
We Got the Fax\u2013\u2013It's All Black, p107
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u7576\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8cf4\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u91cf\u8b8a\u5f88\u4f4e\u6642\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u80fd\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u5171\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5916\u986f\u7279\u5fb5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u983b\u5bec\u5f88\u9ad8\u3001\u6f5b\u6642\u5f88\u9577\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08CPU/Mem\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4f4e\u3002
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
Trampled by Your Own Customers, p277
\u65e9\u671f\u958b\u767c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u56db\u5230\u4e94\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u6703\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u5305\uff0c \u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u5206\u4eab\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u9054\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u958b\u767c\u3002
\u9019\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u69cb\u6574\u500b\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cfc\u7269\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u9996\u9801\u3002
\u90a3\u6642\u7684\u6280\u8853\u53ea\u6709\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5074\u6e32\u67d3\uff08server side render\uff09\uff0c \u4e14\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u4ee5\u55ae\u77f3\uff08monolithic\uff09\u7db2\u7ad9\u5448\u73fe\u3002 \u986f\u7136\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u958b\u767c\u5b8c\u3001\u8a2d\u7f6e\u597d\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ecd\u9810\u5148\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u3001QA \u9a57\u8b49\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u95dc\u65bc\u55ae\u77f3\u5f0f\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u8ca0\u8cac\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u767b\u5165\u8a3b\u518a\u3001\u7522\u54c1\u5217\u8868\u3001\u8cfc\u7269\u8eca\u3001\u91d1\u6d41\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u7dad\u904b\u4e0a\u537b\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5f88\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u4e0d\u5217\u8209\u4e86\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c service-weaver\uff09 \u8b93\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\u4fdd\u6709\u55ae\u77f3\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u6709\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002
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\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u91cf\u662f\u540c\u6642\u6709 1,200 \u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c \u7576\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u90fd\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\uff08\u9019\u9084\u662f\u6de1\u5b63\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u5b83\u662f\u500b\u5927\u7db2\u7ad9\uff09\u3002
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\u4e5d\u9ede\u4e0a\u7dda\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5f8c\u53f0\u76e3\u63a7\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u5728\u4e5d\u9ede\u4e94\u5206\u6642\u7684 session \u91cf\u9054\u5230 10,000\uff1b \u4e5d\u9ede\u5341\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u9054\u5230 50,000\uff1b \u4e5d\u9ede\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u9054\u5230 250,000\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u6574\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u4e86\u3002
\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f
\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u9ebc\u56b4\u8b39\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u537b\u6c38\u9060\u6709\u4f60\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u767c\u751f\uff1a
\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5e7e\u9ede\uff1a
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RST \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\uff1bSYN \u6216 ACK \u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff1bACK\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e00\u76f4\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u9001\uff08retransmission\uff09\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u78ba\u4fdd\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u9023\u7dda\u3002
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hostname \u7372\u5f97\u3002\u5169\u8005\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7a31\u70ba \u5b8c\u6574\u7db2\u57df\u540d\u7a31\uff08Fully Qualified Domain Name, FQDN\uff09\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u500b domain/FQDN\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 Hostname \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u548c domain \u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u767c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d NIC \u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u500b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
$ ifconfig \nlo0: <loopback>\ngif0: <tunnel for ipv4,6>\nstf0: <tunnel for ipv4,6>\nap1: <access-point mostly for WiFi>\nen0: <ethernet>\nen*: <more ethernet>\nawdl0: <apple wireless direct link for somthing like AirDrop>\nbridge0: <for virtual>\nllw0: <low-latency WLAN>\nutun0: <tunnel for VPN>\nutun*: <more tunnel>\n\u4f46\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u53ea\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u7d66\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9023\u7dda\u7528\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u7d66\u5f8c\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u5099\u4efd\u7528\uff0c \u9019\u5169\u500b\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u7368\u7acb\u7684 IP\uff08\u9019\u6642\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 domain\uff09\u3002 \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5169\u500b NIC \u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684 IP\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6280\u8853\u7a31\u70ba\u642d\u63a5\uff08bonding/teaming\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6524\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d81\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7684 NIC\uff080.0.0.0:8080\uff09 \u800c\u662f\u8981\u6307\u5b9a domain \u6216 IP\uff08app.example.com:8080 \u6216 172.168.1.2\uff09\u3002
\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u985e\uff1a\u5be6\u9ad4\u6a5f\uff08physical host\uff09\u3001 \u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\uff08virtual machine, VM\uff09\u3001 \u5bb9\u5668\uff08container\uff09\uff0c \u6700\u5f8c\u6703\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u96f2\u7aef\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u5be6\u9ad4\u6a5f","title":"\u5be6\u9ad4\u6a5f","text":"\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u548c\u958b\u767c\u74b0\u5883\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u76f8\u5dee\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u3001x86\u300164 \u4f4d\u5143\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6642\u9418\u6676\u7247\u3002 \u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u7570\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5132\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u900f\u904e NAS \u6216 SAN \u4f86\u64f4\u5145\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u8b93\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u7bc0\u7701\u5730\u88ab\u9054\u6210\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u61c9\u7528\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5230 GPU \u6216\u9ad8 RAM\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u5716\u5f62\u904b\u7b97\uff09 \u624d\u6703\u984d\u5916\u8ce6\u4e88\u8a72\u61c9\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u6a5f\u5668\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f","title":"\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f","text":"\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u61c9\u7528\u7bc0\u9ede\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u662f\u4ee5\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u72a7\u7272\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u537b\u63db\u4f86\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u662f\u96e3\u9810\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5305\u62ec CPU\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u639b\u8f09\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u7684\u4e3b\u6a5f\uff08host\uff09\uff0c\u6703\u70ba\u4e86\u8cc7\u6e90\u8abf\u5ea6\u800c\u66ab\u505c\u9019\u4e9b\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u3002
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SRE \u548c DevOps \u7684\u5dee\u7570
\u8a73\u7d30\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 Site Reliable Workbook \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 How SRE Relates to DevOps
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\u9019\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\uff1aDesign Data-Intensive Application\uff0c \u88e1\u9762\u5c31\u6703\u8ac7\u5f97\u5f88\u8a73\u7d30\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/","title":"Designing Data-Intensive Applications","text":"2020 5 \u6708\u5df2\u92b7\u552e 100,000 \u672c\uff0c\u4e14\u662f 2019 \u5e74 O\u2019Reilly \u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u54c1\u92b7\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u662f\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\uff09\u3002
Martin Kleppmann
Table of contents
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\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u4e86\u89e3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u958b\u95ca\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u54ea\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u9069\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u5728\u770b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6587\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u66b8\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u8a5e\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u512a\u52a3\u52e2\u3002
As an application developer you\u2019re armed with this knowledge about the internals of storage engines, you are in a much better position to know which tool is best suited for your particular application. If you need to adjust a database\u2019s tuning parameters, this understanding allows you to imagine what effect a higher or a lower value may have. Although this chapter couldn\u2019t make you an expert in tuning any one particular storage engine, it has hopefully equipped you with enough vocabulary and ideas that you can make sense of the documentation for the database of your choice.
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2021 AWS Summit \u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u7d71\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u9a45\u52d5\u578b\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u8272\uff1a
\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u5927\u584a\uff1a
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Data Models and Query Languages\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b2\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2
\u5047\u8a2d\u6709 \\(N\\) \u500b\u9ede\uff0c\u9ede\u548c\u9ede\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u5c31\u6703\u6709 \\(\\frac{N^2-N}{2}\\) \u500b\u3002
\u8a66\u60f3\u6709\u767e\u842c\u500b\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u7528\u6236\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 MySQL \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u8a8d\u8b58\u8207\u5426\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u7db2\u7d61\u6703\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11 entry\uff1f\u9019\u6642\u5019\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u9664\u4e86 Relational Model \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d Storage and Retrieval \u7684\u524d\u534a\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u901f\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u3002
\u96d9\u7d22\u5f15
MySQL \u6bcf\u6b21\u4e0b query \u53ea\u6703\u9075\u5f9e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b index\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u82e5\u8981\u505a\u591a\u500b\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u72a7\u7272\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u96d9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u641c\u5c0b\u7d93\u5ea6\u7684\u8a71\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u6709\u9650\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d Storage and Retrieval \u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5340\u5206\u7dda\u4e0a\u548c\u5f8c\u53f0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002
\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5206\u6790\u7dda\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u9762\u548c\u7dda\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6436\u6548\u80fd\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Encoding and Evolution\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u548c\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
\u820a\u7248\u7de8\u78bc\u5982\u4f55\u8b80\u65b0\u7248\u8cc7\u6599
\u8ffd\u6c42\u8cc7\u6599\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7684\u6975\u81f4\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Maintainable\uff09\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u548c\u820a\u7248\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u7de8\u78bc\u5931\u6548\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Transaction\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08race condition\uff09\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u8a02\u7968\u554f\u984c
\u5169\u500b\u7528\u6236\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u8a02\u8cfc\u9650\u91cf\u7968\u7a2e\u4e14\u76ee\u524d\u50c5\u5269\u4e00\u5f35\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5229\u7528 Read-Decision-Write \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u5169\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u8a02\u8cfc\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u907f\u514d\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Replication\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52d5\u614b\u8907\u88fd\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\uff1a
\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072
\u7576\u6a5f\u5668\u5728\u505a\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u82e5\u662f \u6a5f\u5668A \u5b8c\u6210\u8907\u88fd\u800c \u6a5f\u5668B \u9084\u6c92\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u8f09\u5165\u9801\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002
\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u5230 \u6a5f\u5668B \u7684\u6642\u5019\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Partition\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52d5\u614b\u5206\u5340\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u7121\u6cd5\u8ca0\u8377\u904e\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\uff08\u4e26\u975e\u6d41\u91cf\uff09\u3002
\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d
\u4ee5 user ID \u4f5c\u70ba\u5206\u5340\u7684\u9375\u503c\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u7576\u793e\u4ea4\u8edf\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u4eba\u767c\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u5340\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u5927\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 The Trouble with Distributed Systems\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u72c0\u6cc13\u548c\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u3002
Debug
\u5728\u627e\u5c0b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5148\u5047\u8a2d\u57fa\u790e\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u3002 \u4e26\u5728\u6b64\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u4e0a\u958b\u59cb\u627e\u932f\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7528\u4e86\u5169\u5929\uff08\u5f88\u96e3\u91cd\u73fe\uff09\u53bb\u627e\uff0c \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u8cea\u7591\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u7ae0\u5617\u8a66\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u7684\uff0c \u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8a66\u8457\u8aaa\u660e\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Consistency and Consensus\uff0c\u5229\u7528 \u5171\u8b58 \u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u60274\u548c\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u89c0\u5ff5
\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u4ee5\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u7528\u6a5f\u5668\u505a\u9810\u6e2c\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u90a3\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f
\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u505a\u7d30\u7bc0\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Raft\u3001Paxos \u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u64c1\u6709\u548c\u591a\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u5354\u5546\u4e26\u9054\u6210\u5bb9\u932f\u80fd\u529b\u9ad8\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6b0a\u8861\u7684\uff1f
\u524d\u9762\u90fd\u5728\u8b1b\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8a66\u8457\u628a\u628a\u93e1\u982d\u62c9\u9060\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4e0d\u540c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u884d\u4f38\u548c\u6574\u5408\u3002
\u5feb\u53d6
\u6700\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\uff08Derived Data\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u62c9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u9032\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9032\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","title":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","text":"\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Batch Processing\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002
\u6392\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff08batch job\uff09\u548c\u6392\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08cron job\uff09\u662f\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\u6392\u7a0b\u6253 API \u505a search-index\u3001\u63a8\u85a6\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u7522\u51fa\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5beb\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5d29\u58de\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u9000\u7248\u5230\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f
\u6982\u5ff5
HDFS \u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8fd1\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u666e\u904d\uff1f
Hadoop \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u884d\u4f38\u5f88\u591a\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Stream Processing\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u6309\u8b9a\u6578
\u81c9\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6bcf\u500b\u8cbc\u6587\u7684\u6309\u8b9a\u6578\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6309\u8b9a\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 The Future of Data Systems\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5065\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u8cab\u7a7f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684","title":"\u8cab\u7a7f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684","text":"\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u6eff\u8db3\u8a31\u591a\u9700\u6c42\u624d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u751f\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u904b\u884c\u3002\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba
\u5bb9\u932f\u80fd\u529b\uff08Fault-tolerance\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u6b64\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u53ef\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027","title":"\u53ef\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027","text":"\u53ef\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u5373\u4f7f\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u4ecd\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u5b9a\u7fa9_\u6d41\u91cf_\uff08load\uff09\u548c_\u8868\u73fe\u80fd\u529b_\uff08performance quantitatively\uff09\u3002
\u4ee5 Twitter \u7684\u500b\u4eba\u9996\u9801\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6578\uff08percentiles\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u8868\u73fe\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u548c\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u9996\u9801\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6578\u4ecd\u4f4e\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u91cf\uff08processing capacity\uff09\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u80fd\u529b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027","title":"\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027","text":"\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u904b\u7dad\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u6e96\u6642\u3002\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u4fdd\u6301\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff08\u628a\u7dad\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b93\u5176\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u65b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u597d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff08operability\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u80fd\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u72c0\u614b\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u7d50\u8ad6","title":"\u7d50\u8ad6","text":"\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u4e14\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u597d\u5ef6\u5c55\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5f15\u7528\u6578\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u8b80\u66f8\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7576\u4f5c\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\u4f86\u505a\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u2014\u96d9\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5f59\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u540d\u8a5e\u66a8\u8fad\u66f8\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7db2\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u932f\u8aa4\u4e0b\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\u7684 Consistency \u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684 Consistency\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u65bc\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u591a\u500b\u8907\u88fd\uff08Replication\uff09\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5728\u65bc\u7368\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7570\u52d5\uff08transaction\uff09\u4e26\u907f\u514d\u5176\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b8c\u6210\u6279\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4e86\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u627e\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u96a8\u8457\u6f14\u9032\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u80fd\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u505a\u597d\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u8cc7\u6599\u5927\u5230\u5fc5\u9808\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u53bb\u8655\u7406\u3001\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u7136\u800c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u6253\u7834\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u30012(3)PL \u7b49\u7b49\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u6642\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u3002 \u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4efb\u4f55\u908a\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u6389\u9810\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8b49\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u65e2\u80fd\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53c8\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684 SQL\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1f
\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u7c21\u4ecb","title":"\u7c21\u4ecb","text":"\u4e4b\u524d\u8b1b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u55ae\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u55ae\u53f0\u9084\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u6709\u5feb\u53d6\u3001\u641c\u5c0b\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u76e3\u63a7\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c \u9019\u6b21\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff01
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u985e\u5225\u4ecb\u7d39","title":"\u985e\u5225\u4ecb\u7d39","text":"\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u751f\u6210\u901a\u5e38\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u7fa4\u8edf\u9ad4\u6703\u63a8\u85a6\u53ef\u80fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e26\u5feb\u53d6\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u63a8\u6587\uff0c \u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u9078\u64c7\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8b93\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\uff0c \u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u628a\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u5207\u5206\u6e05\u695a\uff08\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u9762\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u985e\u578b \u6a21\u5f0f \u6642\u9593 \u6ce8\u91cd \u670d\u52d9\u8655\u7406 \u8acb\u6c42\u3001\u56de\u61c9 \u77ed \u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642 \u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406 \u8acb\u6c42 \u9577 \u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09 \u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406 \u6d88\u5316\u3001\u7522\u51fa \u7121 \u8ca0\u8f09\u7cfb\u7d71\u985e\u5225\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03
\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a
\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u7570\u65bc\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u6240\u63d0\u904e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u9760\uff08\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u5ef6\u5c55\u548c\u6613\u65bc\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5927\u67b6\u69cb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u7bc4\u570d\u5230\u54ea\u88e1","title":"\u7bc4\u570d\u5230\u54ea\u88e1","text":"\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\u7684 MapReduce \u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\u4e86\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7c21\u55ae\u660e\u77ad\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u8f15\u6613\u66b8\u89e3\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u6703\u7c21\u55ae\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6b77\u53f2
\u4f55\u6a02\u79ae\u5728 1890 \u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6253\u5b54\u5361\u7247\u88fd\u8868\u6a5f \u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6a5f\u68b0\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u805a\u5408\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5229\u7528\u6253\u5b54\u5361\u628a\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684 MapReduce \u65b9\u5f0f\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002
\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u6b77\u53f2\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u8907\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#unix","title":"Unix","text":"\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5148\u900f\u904e GNU Coreutils \u4e86\u89e3 Unix \u958b\u767c\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230 MapReduce\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u65e5\u8a8c\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f","title":"\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f","text":"$ head -n 5 11-30.log\n2 2021-11-30T08:42:26.728Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.587Z 858.817257 400\n3 2021-11-30T08:42:26.729Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.590Z 860.616378 400\n4 2021-11-30T08:42:26.729Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.591Z 861.390112 400\n1 2021-11-30T08:42:26.726Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.592Z 865.229151 400\n2 2021-11-30T08:42:27.588Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.596Z 7.301911 400\n\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6bcf\u6b04\u7684\u503c\u5206\u5225\u662f connection ID\u3001start time\u3001end time\u3001latency\u3001HTTP status code\u3002
# \u627e\u6700\u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\n$ cat 11-30.log | awk '{print $4}' | sort -n | head -n 5\n# \u900f\u904e less \u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b49\u78ba\u8a8d\u6c92\u554f\u984c\u5f8c\u518d\u63a5\u8457\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8017\u6642\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u91cd\u65b0\u57f7\u884c\u3002\n$ cat 11-30.log | awk '{printf \"%.0f\\n\", $4}' | less\n# \u6703\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u9577\u5c3e\u5206\u4f48\n$ cat 11-30.log | awk '{printf \"%.0f\\n\", $4}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n -k2 | head -n 20\n\u76f8\u95dc\u5c0f\u6284\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 the-art-of-command-line
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u5176\u4e2d","title":"\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u5176\u4e2d","text":"\u525b\u525b\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e sort\u3001uniq\u3001awk\u3001sed \u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u3002GNU Coreutils \u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4fbf\u662f\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u4e00\u4ecb\u9762\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f GNU Coreutils \u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\u57fa\u65bc\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u505a\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\uff1f\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0csort \u6703\u628a\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u5c0f\u4efd\u5c0f\u4efd\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u518d\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c CPU \u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u7684\uff0c \u8b93\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u5167\u5efa\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u548c\u4ed6\u4e26\u8ad6\u7684\u3002
\u5148\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167
\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u654f\u6377\u958b\u767c\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5927\u81f4\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u5927\u81f4\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u4ed6\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u55ae\u4e00\u4ecb\u9762\u4f86\u6e9d\u901a\u4e26\u9054\u6210 \u8f38\u5165=\u8f38\u51fa\uff1f\u6a94\u6848\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u900f\u904e\u50b3\u905e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff08file descriptor\uff09\u4f86\u544a\u77e5\u5c0d\u65b9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c \u7a0b\u5e8f\u518d\u524d\u5f80\u8a72\u6a94\u6848\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e
\u7576\u4ed6\u62ff\u5230\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6642\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u6703\u4e32\u6d41\u8f38\u51fa\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u904b\u7b97\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u7b97\u5b8c\u7121\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u4e32\u6d41\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5beb\u5165\u3002
Linux \u5167\u6240\u6709\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u6a94\u6848
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u5e95\u5c64\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u90fd\u662f\u6a94\u6848\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u8033\u6a5f\u900f\u904e /dev/audio \u4e0b\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\u8f38\u51fa\u3001\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e /dev/lp0 \u4e0b\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684 | \u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u50b3\u905e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7d66\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7ba1\u7dda\uff08pipeline\uff09\u3002 \u8b80\u53d6\u6a94\u6848\u6642\u518d\u628a ANSII \u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684 \\n\uff080x0A\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\uff08delimiter\uff09\u3002\u4f9d\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e00\u7b46\u300d\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\u3002
\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\uff01\u4ed6\u8b93\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u6771\u897f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5f7c\u6b64\u80fd\u9019\u9ebc\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c \u60f3\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5373\u4f7f\u90fd\u662f\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\uff08\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6216\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5f9e \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab A \u8f49\u79fb\u5230 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab B \u662f\u591a\u9ebb\u7169\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26
\u96d6\u7136\u66f4\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\u662f 0x0E\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u7d42\u9078\u64c7\u7684 \\n \u4e5f\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u548c\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u9593\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5427\u3002
HTTP \u900f\u904e URL \u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\uff08\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f domain\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec path\u3001segment \u548c query\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b93\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u6240\u6709 HTTP \u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5207\u63db\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u7ba1\u7dda\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u7db2\u7ad9\uff09\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u904e\u50b3\u9001\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff08URL\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684 BBS \u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f BNU/UUCP \u6216\u662f Fidonet \u901a\u8a0a\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7aef\u900f\u904e\u64a5\u63a5\u8edf\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u6578\u64da\u6a5f\u64a5\u53eb\u8a72 BBS \u7ad9\u53f0\u7684\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc\u4f86\u9023\u63a5\u9032\u7ad9\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u7576\u9700\u8981\u8f49\u5230\u5225\u7684\u7ad9\u53f0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u73fe\u6709\u7ad9\u53f0\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u76ee\u6a19\u7ad9\u53f0\u7684\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc\uff0c \u518d\u8f38\u5165\u7d30\u90e8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u4ee5 URL \u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f path + segment + query\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\uff1f
function getLatencyDistribution(filename) {\n const stream = readFileLineByLine(filename);\n const counter = {};\n\n for (const line of stream) {\n const latency = line.split(\" \")[3];\n const latencyInt = parseInt(latency, 10);\n counter[latencyInt] = (counter[latencyInt] || 0) + 1;\n }\n\n return Object.entries(counter)\n .map((entry) => ({ latency: entry[0], count: entry[1] }))\n .sort((a, b) => a.latency - b.latency);\n}\nJavaScript \u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6211\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u7522\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u6578\u91cf\u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u5ef6\u9072\u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c \u5c31\u8981\u9032\u53bb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u88e1\u9762\u66b8\u89e3\u6574\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u518d\u505a\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00 GNU Coreutils \u5c31\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\u4e86\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 JS \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u88e1\u9762\u4ed6\u7684 counter \u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u91cf\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u7576\u7c92\u5ea6\u8abf\u5230\u5f88\u7d30\u7684\u5fae\u79d2\u7b49\u7d1a\u6642\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u800c\u8a00 sort \u548c uniq \u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u505a\u7d00\u9304\uff08\u548c\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002
sort \u548c uniq \u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
uniq \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u53ea\u627e\u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u4f86\u505a\u8a18\u6578\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u624d\u9700\u8981\u5728 uniq \u4e4b\u524d\u5148 sort\u3002
\u800c sort \u6703\u628a\u6a94\u6848\u62c6\u6210\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\uff08\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff01\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5404\u81ea\u6392\u5e8f\u518d\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\u3002
GNU Coreutils \u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f48\u6027\u5ea6\u3002
\u900f\u904e Python \u5beb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f myProcessimport os # (1)\n\nr, w = os.pipe()\nfr = os.fdopen(r, \"r\", 1)\nfw = os.fdopen(w, \"w\")\n\nwhile fr.readable():\n output = myProcess(fr.read())\n fw.write(output)\npip install -e $LIB_FOLDER \u4f86\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e86\u3002\u7576\u7136 GNU Coreutils \u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9ede\u7684\uff1a
{print $4} \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u6f5b\u6642\u3002curl \u662f\u7528\u4f86\u547c\u53eb HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0cHTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\uff1a \u8cc7\u6599\uff08body\uff09\u3001\u6a19\u982d\uff08header\uff09\u3001\u9a57\u8b49\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528 proxy \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b GNU Coreutils \u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff1a\u9ad8\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\u3002
\u4efb\u4f55\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u53ea\u505a\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u4e26\u8f38\u51fa\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6a94\u6848\uff08\u6216\u87a2\u5e55\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u8f38\u5165\u5728\u50b3\u5165\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u640d\u58de\u3002 \u9019\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u8986\u5617\u8a66\u8abf\u6574\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7576\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\u6642\u91cd\u65b0\u5617\u8a66\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#hadoop","title":"Hadoop","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86 Unix \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u597d\u8655\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5462\uff1f
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f \u55ae\u53f0 Hadoop Unix HDFS \u7ba1\u7dda MapReduce \u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684 Unix \u5c31\u662f Hadoop
Hadoop \u5c31\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5927 Unix \u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS) \u5c31\u662f GNU Coreutils \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ba1\u7dda\u3002
\u800c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684 MapReduce \u5c31\u662f\u9019\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6846\u67b6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#hdfs","title":"HDFS","text":"HDFS \u662f\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u69cb\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u591a\u53f0\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ea4\u63db\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6a5f\u5236
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\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u540d\u8a5e\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u7de8\u865f\u505a key-value pair\u3002 \u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u860b\u679c: 1,6 \u4ee3\u8868\u6709 \u860b\u679c \u55ae\u8a5e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6709 1,6\u3002 \u7576\u7136\u5be6\u969b\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u5305\u62ec\u6a21\u7cca\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3001\u932f\u5b57\u641c\u5c0b\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u904e\u5148\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
\u7576\u4f7f\u7528 MapReduce \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u5340\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c \u8b93\u5404\u81ea\u53bb\u5256\u6790\u51fa\u55ae\u8a5e\uff08map\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5408\u4f75\uff08reduce\uff09\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u9375\u503c\u7d44\u3002 \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u5e7e\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u53bb\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u628a\u6587\u7ae0\u62c6\u6210\u55ae\u5b57\uff0c \u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u628a\u55ae\u5b57\u505a\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6bcf\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7d44 MapReduce\u3002
\u9019\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u9032\u4f86\u7d22\u5f15\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u9762\u8c8c\u5be9\u8996\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u7576\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u7570\u52d5\u6642\uff0c \u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u518d\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff08\u70ba\u4e86\u7bc0\u7701\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u512a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u8dd1\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u55ae\u7d14\u3002
\u5f9e\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4f86\u770b\u5c0d\u65bc Map \u548c Reduce \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u76f8\u5c0d\u55ae\u7d14\u4e86\u3002
\u7576 Mapper \u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u901a\u77e5\u4e2d\u592e\u4e26\u8b93\u4e2d\u592e\u901a\u77e5 Reducer\uff0c\u9019\u6642 Reducer \u6703\u958b\u59cb\u8ddf Mapper \u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 Reducer \u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u628a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6392\u5e8f\u5c31\u53eb\u505a shuffle\uff08\u9019\u548c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u641e\u6df7\uff09\u3002
\u4e00\u7d44 Mapper \u52a0 Reducer \u7a31\u70ba\u4e00\u500b \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u6703\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS \u4e2d\u3002
\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21 Mapper \u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u90fd\u6703\u505a\u5230\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762 Unix \u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 sort\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u628a\u6392\u5e8f\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684 Reducer\u3002
\u5c31\u50cf Unix \u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7d44\u5408\u591a\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u53c8\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u6574\u4e32\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a31\u70ba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08workflow\uff09
\u7136\u800c MapReduce \u4e0d\u50cf Unix \u90a3\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u905e\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c \u4ed6\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8f38\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u5f8c\u8b93\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u5f97\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\u4f86\u50b3\u905e\u5176\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u6709\u597d\u6709\u58de\u7684\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u5e6b\u5fd9\u76e3\u7763\u9019\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u985e\u4f3c Airflow \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\uff08workflow schedular\uff09\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002
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\u5716\u4e0a\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u300c\u62dc\u8a2a\u900f\u5b9a\u8def\u5f91\uff08path\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u300d\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u505a\u806f\u5408\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u62dc\u8a2a\u8def\u5f91 /x \u7684\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u70ba 1989 \u7684\u4eba\u6578\u662f x \u4eba\u300d\uff1a
\u62dc\u8a2a\u8def\u5f91 /x \u7684\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u70ba 1989 \u7684\u4eba\u6578\u662f 5 \u4eba/x 1989 5\n/x 1990 6\n/y 1991 3\n...\n\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u806f\u5408\u548c\u7fa4\u7d44\u5728 MapReduce \u4e2d\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u50cf\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e Mapper \u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u6392\u5e8f\u4e14\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a08\u7b97\u3002
\u540d\u8a5e
\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u806f\u5408\u662f\u5728\u8f38\u51fa Mapper \u4e26\u6392\u5e8f\u524d\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u53eb\u505a sort-merge joins\uff0c \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u5f97\u5230\u806f\u5408\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5728 Reducer\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a reduce-side joins\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u71b1\u9ede\u504f\u659c","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u71b1\u9ede\u504f\u659c\uff1f","text":"\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5206\u5340\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u540d\u4eba\uff0c \u9019\u4e00\u6a23\u6703\u6709\u71b1\u9ede\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a
user1 year30 /url/x \u8b8a\u6210 123 user1 year30 /url/x \u597d\u8b93\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6253\u4e82\u3002 \u7576\u6574\u5408\u597d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u900f\u904e user1 \u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Mapper \u9019\u908a\u505a\u806f\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u5408\u5c31\u53eb\u505a map-side join\u3002
Map-side join \u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u548c\u4e0d\u505a\u806f\u5408\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00 Reduce-side join \u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6703\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u806f\u5408\u7684\u9375\u3002 \u4f46\u662f Map-side join \u537b\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u806f\u5408\u8868\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c Hive \u7684 metastore \u548c Hadoop \u7684 HCatalog \u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u806f\u5408\u8868\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u96e3\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u806f\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u51fa\u5148\u9ad8\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982 Pig\u3001Hive \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u63d0\u5230\uff09\uff0c \u5728\u5e95\u5c64\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u52d5\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#vs-mpp","title":"v.s. MPP","text":"\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6709\u63d0\u5230 Massive Parallel Processing(MPP) \u55ce\uff1f \u4ed6\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5206\u5340\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8655\u7406\u5404\u81ea\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5169\u8005\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5427\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb","text":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u751f\u7684\uff08Raw\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc MPP \u662f\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u7684\uff08schema\uff09
\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u751f\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4ed4\u7d30\u800c\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5132\u5b58\uff0c \u7576\u672a\u4f86\u9700\u8981\u8f49\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u58fd\u53f8\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Sushi\uff09\uff1a \u751f\u7684\u6bd4\u719f\u7684\u597d\u5403\u3002\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u7a31\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u6e56\uff08Data lake\uff09\u6216\u4f01\u696d\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132\uff08enterprise data hub\uff09\u3002
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u8f49\u6210\u4efb\u610f\u683c\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u8de8\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5c31\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u9054\u6210\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 \u5718\u968a A \u60f3\u8981\u62ff \u5718\u968a B \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u95b1\u8b80\u7e41\u7463\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8f49\u63db\u52a0\u901f\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u958b\u767c\u3002
\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64 Hadoop \u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc ETL \u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u4efb\u4f55\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c \u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u628a\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032 HDFS\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528 MapReduce \u8f49\u6210\u9700\u8981\u7684 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u683c\u5f0f\u4e26\u7f6e\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5bb9\u932f\u6027","title":"\u5bb9\u932f\u6027","text":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230 roll back\u3002
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u9069\u5408\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u63a8\u85a6\u7cfb\u7d71\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u7522\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\uff1a \u6211\u5229\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\uff08SOT\uff09\u7522\u51fa\u4e00\u7d44\u65b0\u7684\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\uff08Derived data\uff09\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7de8\u865f\u548c\u63a8\u85a6\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u7684\u9375\u503c\u7d44\u3002\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u4efb\u4e00\u53f0\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b80\u53d6\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u641c\u5c0b\u3002 \u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7d44\u65b0\u7684\u7522\u51fa\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5207\u63db\u5230\u820a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684 roll back \u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u9019\u4e9b\u6a94\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\uff1a
\u9019\u6a23\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u7570\u65bc\u4ee5\u524d MPP\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5f8c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u78ba\u5be6\u88ab\u7570\u52d5\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u91cd\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u5236","title":"\u91cd\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u5236","text":"\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u6b21\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f8c\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u628a\u8f38\u51fa\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57f7\u884c\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u8907\u904b\u884c\u8a72\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u7570\u65bc MPP \u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u6368\u68c4\uff08abort\uff09\u8a72\u8acb\u6c42\u6216\u8005\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u505a\uff08\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5230\u9019\u9ebc\u5bb9\u932f\u55ce\uff1f\u96fb\u8166\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5e38\u58de\u6389\u55ce\uff1f
\u56e0\u70ba\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u4f4e\u65bc\u8655\u7406\u7dda\u4e0a\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u7dda\u4e0a\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5728\u5171\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u96f2\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u540c VM\uff09\u6703\u628a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08priority\uff09\u8abf\u4f4e\uff0c \u7576\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u9ad8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08CPU/\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
\u4ee5 Google \u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u6709 5% \u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c0e\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u8dd1\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 MapReduce \u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7d50\u675f\u90fd\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS \u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u5408\u7406\u591a\u4e86\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u597d\u5e7e\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u4e2d\u65b7\u6642\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u91cd\u8907\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u6703\u5f88\u6d6a\u8cbb\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5c0f\u7bc0","title":"\u5c0f\u7bc0","text":"\u9762\u5411 \u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406 MPP \u8cc7\u6599 \u751f/\u539f\u59cb \u7d50\u69cb\u5316 \u7522\u51fa \u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599 \u5831\u8868 \u5fa9\u539f \u8f15\u6613 \u8f03\u96e3 \u5f48\u6027 \u9ad8 \u4f4e \u76f4\u89c0 \u4f4e \u9ad8 \u5bb9\u932f \u5bb9\u6613 \u539f\u5b50\u6027MPP \u548c MapReduce \u7684\u5dee\u7570
\u6211\u5011\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u5169\u8005\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u5176\u5be6\u76f8\u5c0d\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5f85\u6703\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\uff08dataflow engine\uff09\u6642\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u6703\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u96a8\u8457\u6f14\u9032\uff0c \u6279\u6b21\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c MPP \u5176\u5be6\u6b63\u4e92\u76f8\u5b78\u7fd2\u8457\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff08\u5c31\u597d\u50cf CISC/RISC \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#vs-unix","title":"v.s. Unix","text":"\u518d\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e00\u4e0b MapReduce \u548c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684 Unix \u5427\uff01
\u76f8\u6027\u6027\uff1a
\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027
\u6709\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u4e0d\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff08deterministic\uff09\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5916\u90e8\u8cc7\u6e90\u6216\u96a8\u6a5f\u72c0\u614b\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u4fdd\u8b49\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\uff08\u7121\u6cd5\u8f15\u6613\u91cd\u8a66\uff09\u4e86\u3002
\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff1a
{print $4}\uff0c\u800c\u662f {print $latency}\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0 MapReduce \u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u614b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\uff1aSpark, Tez, Flink\u3002
\u7570\u65bc MapReduce \u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u6574\u5408\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7576\u6210\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08job\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\uff08dataflow engine\uff09\u3002 \u55ae\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6703\u6709\u591a\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff08operator\uff09\u5c31\u50cf MapReduce \u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a
\u56de\u61b6\u4e00\u4e0b\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u610f\u7fa9
\u8a18\u5f97\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\uff1a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u584a\u4e00\u584a\u4e1f\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc0\u9ede\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff08\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff09\u6703\u6ce8\u5165\u9032\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u5340\u8b93\u4ed6\u904b\u7b97\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#vs-mapreduce","title":"v.s. MapReduce","text":"\u9019\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u548c MapReduce \u5dee\u7570\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\uff1a
\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u6703\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS \u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u7576\u6709\u7bc0\u9ede\u5931\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u5340\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982 Spark \u4f7f\u7528 Resilint Distributed Dataset(RDD)\u3001Flink \u5b9a\u671f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6aa2\u67e5\u9ede\uff08checkpoint\uff09\u3002
\u900f\u904e\u77ad\u89e3\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0a\u4e00\u52d5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f38\u51fa\u5f9e\u54ea\u908a\u62ff\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5176\u4ed6\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"\u5176\u4ed6\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u6279\u6b21\u904b\u7b97\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u65bc\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u95dc\u6ce8\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\uff1a
less \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u8dd1\u5b8cMPP \u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5dee\u7570
\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\u548c MPP \u6b63\u4e92\u76f8\u5b78\u7fd2\uff1a
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u6392\u7a0b\u6253 API\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\uff0c\u8b93\u591a\u500b\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5e73\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u672c\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u5f9e\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u6574\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u80cc\u5f8c\u63a8\u52d5\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u4e0d\u904e\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u90fd\u5047\u8a2d\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e94\u767e\u842c\u7b46\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31 50TB \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6bcf\u5206\u6bcf\u79d2\u90fd\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c \u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7b97\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\uff1f
\u9019\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/","title":"\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u2014\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u96a8\u6642\u90fd\u5728\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7b97\u51fa\u6700\u5373\u6642\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u4e32\u6d41","title":"\u4e32\u6d41","text":"\u4e32\u6d41\uff08stream\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u3002
Stream v.s. Read/Write
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u89f8\u7db2\u8def\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c \u6211\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a94\u6848\uff08\u6216\u7db2\u8def\uff09\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u8f38\u51fa\u51fd\u5f0f \uff08\u4f8b\u5982 PHP \u548c JS\uff09\u7528 stream \u5f88\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u7528 read/write \u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u5e79\u561b\u641e\u500b\u65b0\u540d\u8a5e\u3002
\u5176\u5be6\u7528 stream \u66f4\u80fd\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\uff1a\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u9ede\u50b3\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9001\u51fa\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528 stream \u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7591\u554f\u7e3d\u5728\u4e0d\u7d93\u610f\u9593\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6210\u5f62","title":"\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6210\u5f62","text":"\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u9280\u884c\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\uff1f
\u7576\u4f60\u5e33\u6236\u6709\u554f\u984c\u6253\u53bb\u7d66\u9280\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u6839\u64da\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e33\u6236\u5c31\u662f 300 \u584a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u932f\u4f60\u7684\u5e33\u6236\u76ee\u524d\u5c31\u662f 300 \u584a\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4f60\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u8cb7\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u9322\uff0c \u5e33\u6236\u5f9e\u591a\u5c11\u9322\u8b8a\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u9322\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u975e\u5f9e\u96fb\u8166\u6642\u4ee3\u624d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\uff0c \u4ee5\u524d\u5ba2\u670d\u54e1\u624b\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u62ff\u8457\u4e00\u672c\u5e33\u55ae\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e0d\u6703\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7570\u52d5\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u8a72\u7570\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u932f\u7684\uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u5f9e\u4e2d\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5e33\u6236\u5f9e\u591a\u5c11\u9322\u8b8a\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u9322\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5f80\u4e0a\u8ffd\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u73fe\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304\u300d\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u7d00\u9304\u4e00\u822c\u7a31\u70ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e32\u6d41\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684","title":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684","text":"\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c31\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u9019\u4e9b\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\u7684\u300c\u72c0\u614b\u300d\uff08\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff09\u3002
\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u505a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6539\u8b8a\uff08\u5ea7\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u6eff\u4e86\u8a02\u7968\u5931\u6557\u6216\u8005\u8cfc\u7269\u8eca\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u589e\u52a0\u5f8c\u53c8\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u65e6\u7522\u751f\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u7570\u52d5\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u96b1\u79c1\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u8feb\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff09\uff0c \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u300c\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u537b\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5169\u8005\u662f\u76f8\u8f14\u76f8\u6210\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7522\u751f\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u518d\u5f9e\u72c0\u614b\u7522\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 MVCC\uff09\u6216\u8005\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Git\uff09\u80cc\u5f8c\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u7c21\u55ae\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u60f3\u60f3\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u7576\u9818\u8896\u6536\u5230\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u6703\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u4e1f\u9032\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u5404\u500b\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u6703\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u4e9b\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7570\u52d5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300d\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u5728\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u5ee3\u64ad\u63d0\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u5354\u8abf\u8005\u6703\u628a\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u544a\u77e5\u7d66\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c \u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9806\u5e8f\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u548c\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u5dee\u7570","title":"\u548c\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u5dee\u7570","text":"\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u7372\u5f97\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u7522\u751f\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c \u9019\u4e9b\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u5225\u7a31\u70ba \u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff08consumer, subscriber, recipient\uff09\u548c \u767c\u5e03\u8005\uff08publisher, sender, producer\uff09\u3002
\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6703\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u8f38\u51fa\u6210\u4e00\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\uff0c \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u6279\u6b21\u7a0b\u5e8f\u628a\u9019\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\u7576\u6210\u8f38\u5165\uff08\u6216\u806f\u5408\u8868\uff09\u9032\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7684\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u548c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4efd\u300c\u6a94\u6848\u300d\u5728\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \u4e32\u6d41 \u6216 \u4e3b\u984c\uff08stream, topic\uff09\u3002
trigger \u4e5f\u662f\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406
\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709 trigger \u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u8b93\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b8a\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c \u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c \u4e14 trigger \u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u548c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e5f\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u8b93\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u6211\u8a72\u591a\u4e45\u548c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f \u800c\u9019\u554f\u984c\u5e38\u5e38\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7576\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u8b8a\u591a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u5fd9\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u5bb9\u932f","title":"\u5bb9\u932f","text":"\u7576\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\uff1a
\u5fc5\u8981\u6027
\u6709\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528\u5141\u8a31\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u932f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 metric \u6f0f\u6389\u4e00\u5169\u5206\u9418\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u5982\u4f55\u50b3\u9001\u4e8b\u4ef6","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u50b3\u9001\u4e8b\u4ef6","text":"\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u548c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u50b3\u905e\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6709\uff1a
\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9001\u7d66\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u9ede
\u76f8\u95dc\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\uff1a
\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9001\u5230\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\uff08broker, queue\uff09
\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u6703\u628a\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5f9e \u767c\u5e03\u8005 \u79fb\u8f49\u5230 \u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005 \u672c\u8eab\uff0c \u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u95dc\u5fc3\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
\u7576\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u5931\u80fd\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u548c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u61c9\u7b54\uff08acknowledgment\uff09\u5f97\u77e5\u3002 \u7576\u6536\u5230\u61c9\u7b54\u78ba\u4fdd\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\u5c31\u522a\u9664\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u53cd\u8986\u50b3\u905e\u76f4\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\u76f8\u95dc\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\u5f88\u591a
\u5206\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c
\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u4e1f\u7d66\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\u6703\u628a\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e1f\u7d66\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u8655\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee","title":"\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\uff1f","text":"DELETE TABLE ...\uff09\u6642\u624d\u522a\u9664\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u548c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u662f \u7570\u6b65 \u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u7b49\u5230\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f8c\u624d\u7d50\u675f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c \u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u901a\u5e38\u662f \u540c\u6b65 \u7684\u3002
\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7bc0\u9ede\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\u6642\u7db2\u8def\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e 2PC \u9019\u985e\u6a5f\u5236\u9632\u7bc4\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u591a\u500b\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005","title":"\u591a\u500b\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005","text":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u5206\u6210\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u8981\u9ebb\u70ba\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\u800c\u900f\u904e \u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861 \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u591a\u500b\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff0c \u8981\u9ebb\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u6247\u51fa\uff08fan-out\uff09\u6a5f\u5236\u3002 \u9019\u5169\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u662f\u5206\u5340\u548c\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
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\u9084\u8a18\u5f97 GNU Coreutils \u55ce\uff1f\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u500b tail \u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c \u4ed6\u5141\u8a31\u4f60\u67e5\u770b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u7576\u52a0\u4e0a -f \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u8ffd\u8e64\uff0c \u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65e5\u8a8c\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u5f88\u50cf\uff1a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u522a\u9664\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u4f86\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
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\u9664\u4e86\u5feb\u7167\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u7684\uff0c \u5b9a\u671f\u5728\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u628a\u65e5\u8a8c\u58d3\u7e2e\u8d77\u4f86\uff08\u65e5\u8a8c\u7dca\u58d3\uff0clog compaction\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u7570\u52d5\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u65b0\u7684\uff1a
\u5982\u679c key \u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c31\u7559\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5c31\u597dkey=123, value=321\nkey=123, value=456\n# \u4ee5\u4e0a\u90fd\u522a\u9664\nkey=123, value=789\n\u81f3\u65bc\u8981\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5247\u6839\u64da\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u7570\u52d5\uff08update\uff09\u983b\u7e41\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \u65e5\u8a8c\u7dca\u58d3 \u6703\u8b93\u80cc\u666f\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u591a\u7684\u7dca\u58d3\u5c0e\u81f4\u58d3\u8feb\u57f7\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u589e\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u4f7f\u7528 \u65e5\u8a8c\u7dca\u58d3\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u540c\u6b65\u554f\u984c","title":"\u540c\u6b65\u554f\u984c","text":"\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4e32\u6d41\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u50b3\u905e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u9084\u6c92\u8aaa\u4e32\u6d41\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8ca0\u8cac OLTP\u3001\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u3001\u7528\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8457\u66f4\u65b0\uff1f \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u89ba\u5f97\u900f\u904e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u4e3b\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f86\u66f4\u65b0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6703\u6709\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u5716\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8ac7\u8655\u7406\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\u5c31\u63d0\u904e\u5f88\u591a\uff0c \u7576\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u7570\u8cea\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u5feb\u53d6\u548c\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\uff09\u9593\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6642\u5c31\u66f4\u56f0\u96e3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u900f\u904e\u65e5\u8a8c\u89e3\u6c7a","title":"\u900f\u904e\u65e5\u8a8c\u89e3\u6c7a","text":"\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u554f\u984c\uff1f
\u6bcf\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7570\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u66f4\u65b0 WAL \u6216\u908f\u8f2f\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0c \u554f\u984c\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u900f\u904e API \u7b49\u516c\u958b\u4ecb\u9762\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5462\uff1f
CDC\uff08Change data capture\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u548c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b ETL \u5f88\u50cf\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u900f\u904e WAL\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u65e5\u8a8c \u4e26\u4e32\u6d41\u51fa\u8cc7\u6599\u800c\u975e\u6279\u6b21\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u5716\u4e0a\u7684\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u900f\u904e WAL\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u65e5\u8a8c \u4e32\u6d41\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c \u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u9806\u5e8f\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u524d\u505a\u6536\u96c6\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u505a\u597d\u9806\u5e8f\u7684\u6392\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba CDC \u662f\u7570\u6b65\u7684\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u6703\u7b49\u5230\u78ba\u8a8d\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u78ba\u5be6\u6536\u5230\u624d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u505a\u4e8b\uff09 \u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u5de5\u5177","title":"\u5de5\u5177","text":"\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5916\u639b\u5de5\u5177\u5141\u8a31 CDC
\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u652f\u63f4\u7576\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\u88ab\u7570\u52d5\u6642\u8f38\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a
CREATE TABLE products EXPORT TO TARGET offsiteprod\n ON INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE\n [ ... ];\n\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u548c CDC
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\uff08Event Sourcing\uff0cDomain-Driven Design \u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u7528\u8a5e\uff09\u548c CDC \u5f88\u50cf\uff0c \u90fd\u662f\u50b3\u905e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7d66\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u50cf CDC \u662f\u76e3\u807d\u6bcf\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\uff08\u5728\u65e5\u8a8c\u5c64\u7d1a\u4e2d\uff09 \u4e26\u628a\u8a72\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8f49\u6210\u901a\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u7d66\u5916\u90e8\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u7576\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u7db2\u9801\u4e0a\u9ede\u64ca\u9000\u51fa\u9078\u4fee\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6642\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c31\u6703\u7d00\u9304\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300c\u5b78\u751f A \u9000\u51fa \u8ab2\u7a0b B\u300d\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u76e3\u807d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u57f7\u884c\u79fb\u9664 \u5b78\u751f A \u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u5b78\u5206\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c \u6709\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u76e3\u807d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u8b93\u6b63\u5728\u6392\u968a\u9078\u4fee \u8ab2\u7a0b B \u7684 \u5b78\u751f B \u6210\u529f\u9078\u4fee\u8a72\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u6a23\u7528\u65bc CDC \u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aid=A;class=null\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cCDC \u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u7570\u52d5\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e14\u8cc7\u8a0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u7d30\uff1b \u53cd\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c \u50be\u5411\u65bc\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u4e26\u8b93\u4efb\u4e00\u7a2e\u76ee\u7684\uff08Domain-Driver \u7684\u7531\u4f86\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u4ed6\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\uff0cCDC \u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u58d3\u7dca\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08\u9650\u5236\u76f8\u540c key \u7684\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u6578\u91cf\uff09\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u7167\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u6839\u64da\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5feb\u7167\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u800c\u975e\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u3002
\u8a72\u4e0d\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528 CDC \u505a Event sourcing\uff1f
StackOverflow \u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6eff\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u9054\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c","title":"\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u9054\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c","text":"\u900f\u904e\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u4f60\u7684\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u66f4\u65b0\u4f60\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982 Druid \u900f\u904e Apache Kafka\uff08\u65e5\u8a8c\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\uff09\u8caf\u5b58\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u5ba2\u5236\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7a31\u70ba Command Query Responsibility Segregation(CQRS)\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9","title":"\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9","text":"\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8f03\u719f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u5728\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u6b63\u898f\u5316\uff08normalization\uff09\u6642\u505a\u5f88\u591a\u722d\u8faf\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316\uff0c \u4f46\u53c8\u900f\u904e\u8ffd\u8e64\u6a5f\u5236\uff08fan-out\uff09\u7dad\u6301\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3002
\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u548c\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u540c\u6b65\u591a\u8655\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u540c\u6b65\u591a\u8655\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u540c\u6642\u7570\u52d5\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u500b\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\uff09\u6642\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u5c31\u6703\u76f8\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7570\u52d5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u9000\u9078\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff09\u5728\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9644\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","title":"\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","text":"\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u548c\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08job, operator\uff09\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u591a\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5354\u4f5c\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8b1b\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6c92\u63d0\u5230\u50cf\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u90a3\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u54ea\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u54ea\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u300c\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u524d\u9762\u6709\u63d0\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002 \u524d\u9762\u5169\u500b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u89c0\u9ede\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5f9e\u539f\u53e4\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u8907\u5408\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406","title":"\u8907\u5408\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406","text":"\u8907\u5408\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\uff08CEP\uff09\u5f88\u50cf Regular Expression\uff0cCEP \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7be9\u9078\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c \u81ea 1990 \u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6709\u50cf SQL \u90a3\u6a23\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5 \uff08\u5982 CEL\uff09 \u4e5f\u6709 GUI \u5de5\u5177\u3002
example in CELselect *\nfrom MeasurementCreated e\nwhere getNumber(e, \"c8y_Temperature.T.value\") > 100\n\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u5916\u90e8\u8f38\u5165\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9032\u4f86\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4e3b\u3001\u641c\u5c0b\u662f\u5ba2\uff09\uff0c CEP \u6703\u8b93\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5b58\u9032\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u8f38\u5165\u9032\u7bc0\u9ede\uff08\u641c\u5c0b\u662f\u4e3b\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5ba2\uff09\u3002 \u6709\u6642\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u904e\u9019\u500b\u641c\u5c0b\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6703\u5148\u7d93\u904e \u7d22\u5f15 \u518d\u8dd1\u7be9\u9078\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 Elasticsearch \u7684 percolate\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","title":"\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","text":"\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\uff1a\u6642\u9593 \u548c \u806f\u5408\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u8a72\u9078\u54ea\u500b\u6642\u9593","title":"\u8a72\u9078\u54ea\u500b\u6642\u9593\uff1f","text":"\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57f7\u884c\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5c31\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u905e\u5ef6\u9072\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\u6709\u6642\u5f9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9001\u4f86\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u6e96\u78ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u5f88\u591a\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u624b\u6a5f\u9023\u5230 Wifi \u5f8c\u624d\u6703\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9001\u7d66\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u88dd\u7f6e\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u624b\u52d5\u6539\u6642\u9593\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u54ea\u500b\u6642\u9593\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u6642\u9593\u7a97","title":"\u6642\u9593\u7a97","text":"\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u6642\u9593\u7a97\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u524d\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u9078\u6642\u8ddd\uff08\u6bcf\u4e94\u5206\u9418\u7d71\u8a08\u4e00\u6b21\u9084\u662f\u6bcf\u5206\u9418\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u54ea\u4e2d\u5be6\u4f5c\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u843d\u5f8c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u7d71\u8a08\u6bcf\u5206\u9418\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u6642\u6211\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9019\u5206\u9418\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 09:30 \u7684\u9019\u5206\u9418\uff09\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u5df2\u7d93\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\uff1f \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8acb\u6c42\u767c\u751f\u5728 09:30.999\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9001\u904e\u4f86\u6642\u5df2\u7d93 09:31.1\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9019\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u5c31\u88ab\u653e\u5728 31 \u5206\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u6e96\u5ea6\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5 \u5ffd\u7565 \u6216\u8005 \u767c\u5e03\u4fee\u6b63\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7d00\u9304\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u503c\uff09\u3002
\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6642\u9593\u7a97\uff1a
0930-0935\u30010935~0940\u3001...\u30020930~0937\u30010936~0943\u3001...\u30020930~0935 \u4e2d\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f 09:31:11 \u6700\u665a\u7684\u662f 09:34:44 \u9019\u6642\u7a97\u683c\u5c31\u662f 09:31:11~09:34:44\u3002\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5c31\u6709\u5728\u8655\u7406\u806f\u5408\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u806f\u5408\uff08join\uff09\u6642\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u5169\u7d44\u4e3b\u984c","title":"\u5169\u7d44\u4e3b\u984c","text":"\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u6642\u5dee\uff1a\\(\u9ede\u64ca\u6642\u9593 - \u63a8\u64ad\u6642\u9593\\)
\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u6642\u5dee\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff1a\\(\u9ede\u64ca\u6642\u9593 - \u63a8\u64ad\u6642\u9593\\)\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b session \u6a5f\u5236\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 cookie\uff09\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6642\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u8a18\u9304\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff08\u4ee5\u672c\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f \u9ede\u64ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c \u7576 \u63a8\u64ad\u6642\u9593 \u6709\u548c\u5132\u5b58\u7684 \u9ede\u64ca\u4e8b\u4ef6 \u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7de8\u865f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f38\u51fa\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u6642\u5dee\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u7576\u7136\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u91cf\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u50c5\u8a18\u9304\u4e00\u5c0f\u6642\u5167\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u52d5\u614b\u8868\u548c\u4e3b\u984c","title":"\u52d5\u614b\u8868\u548c\u4e3b\u984c","text":"\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u884c\u70ba\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u884c\u70ba \u806f\u5408 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u8a0a
\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u8a0a \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u958b\u59cb\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\u5373\u53ef\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u884c\u70ba \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u77ac\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u4e2d \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u884c\u70ba \u662f\u5373\u6642\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e9\u4e0a \u4f7f\u7528\u8005 123 \u7dbd\u865f\u53eb\u300c\u5c0f\u660e\u300d\uff0c \u5230\u4e86\u4e0b\u5348\u537b\u6539\u6210\u300c\u5927\u660e\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u8981\u806f\u5408\u7684\u8868\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff09\u662f \u52d5\u614b\u8868\uff0c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7570\u52d5\uff0c \u800c\u52d5\u614b\u8868\u7684\u7531\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684 CDC\u3002
\u9019\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u9700\u8981\u6574\u5408\u6210\u300c\u72c0\u614b\u300d
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u52d5\u614b\u8868\u548c\u52d5\u614b\u8868","title":"\u52d5\u614b\u8868\u548c\u52d5\u614b\u8868","text":"Twitter\uff1a\u670b\u53cb\u767c\u6587 \u806f\u5408 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u9801
\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5237\u65b0\u4e3b\u9801\u90fd\u900f\u904e\u50b3\u7d71\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53bb\u806f\u5408\u6703\u5927\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u6703\u662f\u7576\u670b\u53cb\u767c\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u6240\u6709\u8ffd\u8e64\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u9801\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8b93\u5916\u90e8\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u53d6\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u4e3b\u9801\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff08\u5206\u5225\u662f \u670b\u53cb\u767c\u6587 \u548c \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u9801\uff09\u7d00\u9304\u5169\u500b\u300c\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u806f\u5408\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u671f","title":"\u806f\u5408\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u671f\uff1f","text":"\u6709\u6642\u5019\u5728\u806f\u5408\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u671f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8cfc\u7269\u5546\u57ce\u5728\u7d50\u5e33\u6642\u6703\u52a0\u4e0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7a05\u7387\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u7a05\u7387\u662f\u7d50\u5e33\u77ac\u9593\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u7576\u5929\uff09\u7684\u7a05\u7387\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u904e\u4e86\u5e7e\u5929\u67d0\u570b\u7684\u7a05\u7387\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c \u5728\u5f8c\u53f0\u7d71\u8a08\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u71df\u6536\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u932f\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u6703\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u503c\uff08slowly changing dimension, SCD\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6539 key-value \u7684\u503c\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u8981\u518d\u6ce8\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u4e26\u8ce6\u4e88\u65b0\u7684\u7de8\u865f\u907f\u514d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u800c\u975e\u7570\u52d5\u820a\u503c-- \u4e0d\u61c9\u7528 UPDATE\uff1a\n-- UPDATE dim_tax\n-- SET tax=15\n-- WHERE country = 'Taiwan'\nINSERT dim_tax (country, tax, date) VALUES\n('Taiwan', 10, '2000-01-01'),\n('Taiwan', 15, '2009-01-01');\n\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230 \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d50\u679c\u8f38\u51fa\u5230 HDFS \u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u904b\u7b97\u6642\u91cd\u65b0\u62ff\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u5462\uff1f
Apache Spark \u4f7f\u7528 Microbatching \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7576\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c0f\u7684\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u505a\u5b8c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u4e00\u4e9b\u5099\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u6642\u9593\u7a97\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 \u7ffb\u8f49\u6642\u9593\u7a97\u3002 \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00 Apache Flink \u900f\u904e\u5b9a\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u6aa2\u67e5\u9ede\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u548c Microbatching \u5f88\u50cf\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7a97\u3002
\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u8981\u8b93\u904b\u7b97\u662f\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\uff08idempotent\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u904b\u7b97\u76f8\u540c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u8981\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u904b\u7b97\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u593e\u5e36\u6642\u9593\u6216\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u8981\u8b93\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u593e\u5e36\u9019\u4e9b\u503c\u3002 \u5c31\u7b97\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 x=x+1\uff09\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d00\u9304\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u4ee5\u65e5\u8a8c\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\uff09\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u65b0\u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u81f3\u65bc\u91cd\u5efa\u72c0\u614b\u524d\u9762\u5c31\u6709\u63d0\u4e86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u907f\u514d\u5f9e\u958b\u5929\u95e2\u5730\u7684\u6642\u5019\u91cd\u4f86\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u58d3\u7dca\u65e5\u8a8c\u3001 \u5efa\u7acb\u984d\u5916\u5099\u4efd\u4e3b\u984c\u3001 \u5feb\u7167\u9032 HDFS\u3001\u591a\u5e7e\u500b\u505a\u4e00\u6a23\u4e8b\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u8b93\u975e\u51aa\u7b49\u8a08\u7b97\u8b8a\u6210\u51aa\u7b49
\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ad6\u6587\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u975e\u51aa\u7b49\u8a08\u7b97\u8b8a\u6210\u51aa\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u7d50\u8ad6","title":"\u7d50\u8ad6","text":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8cab\u7a7f\u672c\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u548c\u4ee5\u5f80\u300c\u7dad\u6301\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u8ce6\u4e88\u8cc7\u6599\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u9762\u76f8\u300d\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u6a5f\u5236\u60f3\u8981\u6df1\u5165\uff0c \u63a8\u85a6\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u74b0\u5883","text":"\u672c\u7ae0\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u6642\u9418\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 \u7684\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
\u6211\u5011\u6709\u63d0\u904e\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u8b93\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5931\u53bb\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u55ae\u53f0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e00\u4e0b\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4\u74b0\u5883\u6709\u500b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u55ae\u53f0\uff08HPC\uff09 \u5206\u6563\u5f0f \u5168\u932f or \u6b63\u5e38 \u90e8\u5206\u932f\u4e14\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c \u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u932f \u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u932f offline online\u2014\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u505c\u6a5f \u7dda\u8def\u6e9d\u901a \u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a checkpoint retry\u6bd4\u8f03\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u548c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5dee\u7570
\u55ae\u53f0\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u6a5f\u5668\uff08High-Performance Computer, HPC\uff09\u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u786c\u9ad4\u3001\u97cc\u9ad4\u3001\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8981\u9ebb\u6210\u529f\uff08\u5f97\u5230\u9810\u671f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u8981\u9ebb\u5931\u6557\uff08\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u76f4\u63a5\u4e2d\u65b7\uff09\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7c21\u4ecb","title":"\u7c21\u4ecb","text":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6210\u672c\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ca0\u8377\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u904e\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u5c0e\u81f4\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
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\u4e00\u500b HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728
\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u5728\u548c\u5b50\u5c64\u6e9d\u901a\u6642\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u66f4\u4e0b\u5c64\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u7d42\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6392\u932f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7576\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u6c92\u56de\u61c9\u6642\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8acb\u6c42\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
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\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a Computer Communication \u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8981\u55ae\u55ae\u4e86\u89e3 OSI \u4e0d\u540c\u5c64\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u6982\u7565\u57fa\u790e\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7cfb\u5217\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5802\u8ab2 Fundamentals of Network Communication
\u6642\u9418\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff01\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u518d\u7d30\u8ac7\uff0c\u5148\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6df1\u5165\u4e00\u4e0b\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","title":"\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","text":"\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u4f86\u5230\u300c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u7db2\u8def\u9047\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u3002
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\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u903e\u6642\u6a5f\u5236\uff08Timeout\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u662f\u7121\u754c\u7684\uff08unbounded\uff09\uff1f
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","title":"\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","text":"\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff1a
\u505c\u96fb\u3001\u5730\u5c64\u4e0b\u9677\u3001\u559d\u9189\u7684\u5361\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u5716\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\u65bc\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0
Coda Hale \u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8ac7
In my limited experience I\u2019ve dealt with long-lived network partitions in a single data center (DC), PDU failures, switch failures, accidental power cycles of whole racks, whole-DC backbone failures, whole-DC power failures, and a hypoglycemic driver smashing his Ford pickup truck into a DC\u2019s HVAC system. And I\u2019m not even an ops guy.
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u5b9a","title":"\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u5b9a","text":"\u9019\u500b\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002
\u55ae\u7d14\u8edf\u9ad4\u9762\u6709 bug\uff1a
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0b\u7dda\u4e86","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0b\u7dda\u4e86","text":"\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5
FIN \u6216 RST\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u903e\u6642\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u903e\u6642\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u662f\u7121\u754c\u7684","title":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u662f\u7121\u754c\u7684","text":"\u7db2\u8def\u5c01\u5305\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6392\u968a\u7684\uff0c\u96d9\u5411\u90fd\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6392\u968a\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\uff1a
Packet Switching Networks Algorithms \u548c Stop Rate Limiting
\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6392\u968a\u7684\uff1f\u60f3\u60f3\u624b\u6a5f\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u8a71\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f
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\u624b\u6a5f\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7dda\u8def\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u8a0a\u865f\u8981\u50b3\u905e\u4e5f\u6703\u4f54\u7528\u983b\u5bec\uff0c\u7576\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u6642\u5019\u53c8\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u4f54\u7528\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u983b\u5bec\uff0c\u786c\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6574\u9ad4\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u53ea\u9700\u628a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5f80\u5f8c\u9001\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u7dad\u6301\u9023\u7dda\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8def\u7531\u5668\u88ab\u7279\u5b9a\u9023\u7dda\u5361\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8b93\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u8f49\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u800c\u975e\u7dad\u6301\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u4e0a\u9762\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u662f\u884c\u52d5\u901a\u8a0a\u548c\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\uff0c\u82e5\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u5247\u6703\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\u548c\u7dda\u8def\u4ea4\u63db\u5206\u5225\u7a31\u70ba Datagram subnet \u548c Virtual-circut subnet\uff0c\u5176\u6bd4\u8f03\u70ba\uff1a
issue Datagram virtual-circuit circuit setup Not needed required State information Routers do not hold state information about connections Each VC requires router table space per connection Routing Each packet is routed independently Route choosen when VC is set up; all packets follow it Effect of router failures None, except for packets lost during the crash All VCs that passed through the failed router are terminated Quality of services Difficult Easy if enough resources can be allocated in advance for each VC Congestion control Difficult Easy if enough resources can be allocated in advance for each VC Implement Internet Protocal, IP Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM\u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\u548c\u7dda\u8def\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03
\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8b70\u984c\u4f86\u512a\u5316\u4f60\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u901f\u5ea6\u751a\u81f3\u9650\u7e2e\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u641c\u5c0b\u3001\u6392\u968a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u7de9\u885d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6642\u9418","title":"\u6642\u9418","text":"\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u5c0d\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u91cd\u8981\u55ce\uff1f
\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u6642\u9418\u300d\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u5169\u7a2e\u6642\u9418","title":"\u5169\u7a2e\u6642\u9418","text":"\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8ac7\u8ad6\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6642\u9418\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u3002
\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u6703\u56de\u61c9\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u9ede\u56db\u5341\u5206\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u6642\u9418\u7684\u503c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u503c\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u503c\u5dee\u4e94\u767e\u5948\u79d2\uff08\u6839\u64da\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5dee\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba 500 \u6216\u8005 0.5\uff09\u3002
\u908f\u8f2f\u6642\u9593\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u6703\u53d7\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b CPU \u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u76e1\u91cf\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u6bcf\u6b21\u5b58\u53d6\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u500b CPU \u7684\u503c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u76f8\u95dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","title":"\u76f8\u95dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","text":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e5f\u6703\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u6642\u9593\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c API\u3002
\u5728\u8b1b\u5230\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8ac7\u5230\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u6821\u6642\u7684\u3002Network Time Protocol\uff08NTP\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6821\u6642\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5148\u8ac7\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u600e\u9ebc\u6821\u6642\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684","title":"\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684","text":"\u77f3\u82f1\u9707\u76ea\u5668\uff08Crystal Oscillator, CSO, XO\uff09\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u9593\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u8aa4\u5dee\u7684\u3002\u6839\u64da Google \u8abf\u67e5\u5167\u90e8\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u6703\u6709 200 ppm \u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5929 17 \u79d2\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002
\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u900f\u904e\u548c CPU \u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u7372\u5f97\u5176\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a
# \u8a2d\u5b9a ah \u7684\u503c\u70ba 44, 0x2c\nmov ah 2ch\n# interupt \u81f3 OS\uff0833, 0x21\uff09\uff0cOS \u5f97\u77e5 ah \u7684\u503c\u70ba 44 \u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u6642\u9593\u8a0a\u606f\nint 21h\nNTP \u662f\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u56de\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u4f86\u5f97\u77e5\u7bc0\u9ede\u548c\u4e2d\u539f\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f NTP \u5728\u6821\u6642\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u52d5\u4e00\u9ede\u7136\u5f8c\u9010\u6f38\u9760\u8fd1\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u9664\u4e86 NTP \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6821\u6642\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u7684\u6210\u672c\u90fd\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u4f86\u7dad\u904b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7cbe\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u91cd\u8981\u55ce","title":"\u7cbe\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u91cd\u8981\u55ce\uff1f","text":"note: \u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u7bc0\u9ede\u6642\u9593\u662f\u4e0d\u6e96\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u55ce\uff1f
\u9664\u4e86\u5716\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8b1b\u8655\u7406\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6709\u63d0\u5230 \u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u300c\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6642\u9593\u4fe1\u4efb\u5340\u9593","title":"\u6642\u9593\u4fe1\u4efb\u5340\u9593","text":"\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u7372\u5f97\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u905e\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8981\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5148\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5340\u9593\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
$ curl https://what-time-is-it\n{\n \"confidence\": 95.123,\n \"start\": \"10:00:00.000\",\n \"end\": \"10:00:00.100\"\n}\n\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7570\u65bc\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u8981\u7372\u5f97\u6642\u9593\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Date.now\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7d66\u4e88\u6642\u9593\u5b9a\u503c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u900f\u904e\u4fe1\u4efb\u5340\u9593\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
Google Spanner \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u5617\u8a66\u900f\u904e\u89e3\u6c7a\u6642\u9418\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e14\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
Info
\u53ef\u7121\u9650\u64f4\u5145\u4e26\u5177\u5099\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u96f2\u7aef\u539f\u751f\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u9ad8\u9054 99.999%\u3002\uff08\\(\\dfrac{60*24*365}{100,000}=5.256\\)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u8b49\u6bcf\u5e74\u50c5\u6709\u4e94\u5206\u9418\u7684\u7121\u6cd5\u670d\u52d9\u6642\u9593\uff09
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b Google Spanner \u7684\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u96e3\u4f46\u662f\u6eff\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff1a
\u7f3a\u9ede\u7576\u7136\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u5728 Google \u96f2\u7aef\u5be6\u8e10\uff08\u9700\u8981\u597d\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u52a0\u4e0a\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"\u597d\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b93\u4f60\u5728\u6709\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\u5373\u6642\u77e5\u9053\u73fe\u5728\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6642\u9593\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6771\u897f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c11\u53bb\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002
\u88ab\u5ef6\u5b95\u4e86\u4ee3\u8868\u8acb\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u903e\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5982\u679c\u8003\u616e Timeout \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u5c31\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c","title":"\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\uff1f","text":"server.on(\"request\", async (req) => {\n // \u9818\u8896\u624d\u6703\u6709\u9396\n const lock = await getLeaderLock();\n\n if (lock.isMine()) {\n // \u6709\u6642\u9650\u4ee5\u5229\u91cd\u9078\u9818\u8896\n await lock.renewIfNeeded();\n } else if (req.willModifiy()) {\n // \u6536\u5230\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u8f49\u9001\u7d66\u9818\u8896\n return transferToLeader(req);\n }\n\n return handler(req);\n});\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u662f\u7528\u5728_\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896_\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u7576_\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005_\u6536\u5230\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u6703\u8f49\u9001\u7d66\u9818\u8896\u3002\u800c\u5224\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u9818\u8896\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9396\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u5230\u9396\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u70ba\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u79fb\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9396\u662f\u6709\u6642\u9650\u7684\u3002
\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f86\u4e86\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u57f7\u884c handler \u6642\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u88ab\u5ef6\u5b95\u8d85\u904e\u6642\u9650\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f
\u9019\u500b\u9818\u8896\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u53c8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u6703\u9020\u6210\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684_\u5fa9\u6b0a_\uff08split brain\uff09\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u5ef6\u5b95\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u6a5f\u5236\u90fd\u5931\u6548\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0","title":"\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0","text":"\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e Fencing token \u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f Client \u548c Storage \u90fd\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u53d6\u9019\u500b\u7ba1\u7406\u9396\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u6574\u9ad4\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9762\u81e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a
\u600e\u9ebc\u5728 \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 \u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
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\u770b\u5b8c\u9019\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u5be6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u9084\u662f\u8457\u91cd\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u5c55\u793a\u6216\u8aaa\u660e\u67d0\u67d0\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\uff08\u7406\u89e3\u5b8c\u67d0\u67d0\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9694\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u5fd8\u8a18\u5be6\u969b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u8986\u7406\u89e3\u7dad\u904b\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u9650\u5236\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\u9593\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u6642\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u4f60\u770b\u5b8c\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u5594\u5594\u5594\uff0c\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u8b93\u4e00\u7fa4\u7bc0\u9ede\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u90a3\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\uff1f\uff0c\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u96e3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u5ee3\u64ad\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u907f\u514d\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u908a\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u6982\u62ec\u9019\u7ae0
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u2014\u5206\u5340","text":"\u5206\u6563\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u9650\u5236\u5730\u6210\u9577\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7d39\u904e\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u904e\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u5206\u5340\u5169\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u5340\u5206\u7684\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4efb\u4e00\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u4efb\u4e00\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u62c6\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7576\u6210\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002 \u7576\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u9032\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7167\u8457\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u57f7\u884c\u3002
\u8907\u88fd\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u591a\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5206\u5340\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u62c6\u6210\u591a\u500b\u3002
\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6771\u897f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8907\u88fd\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u7dad\u6301\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u8655\u7406\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u540c\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002 \u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5206\u5340\u5247\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u8981\u6d41\u9032\u54ea\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1f\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u57f7\u884c\u5206\u6790\u985e\u578b\uff08OLAP\uff09\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff1f \u5728\u6b0a\u8861\u4e0a\uff0c\u8907\u88fd\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff1b\u5206\u5340\u5247\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff1f
\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cfc\u7269\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u4f48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f88\u9ad8\u5e73\u8861\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u524d\u5341\u7b46\u7d00\u9304\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1b \u53cd\u4e4b\u7167\u9806\u5e8f\u5132\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u641c\u5c0b\u8cfc\u7269\u8a18\u9304\u6642\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ea\u6703\u627e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u8b93\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u843d\u5728\u64c1\u6709\u8f03\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002 \u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u9ad8\u5e73\u8861\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6bcf\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6709\u4e8b\u505a\uff1b\u9ad8\u9023\u7e8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u8b8a\u55ae\u7d14
\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u8d95\u5de5\u548c\u5206\u5340\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u5728\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u555f\u6216\u65b0\u589e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u5f9e 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 2010 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3 NoSQL \u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c \u958b\u59cb\u8003\u616e\u66f4\u6613\u64f4\u589e\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u95dc\u6ce8\u9019\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u9664\u4e86 NoSQL\uff0cHadoop \u67b6\u69cb\u7684 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5230\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u6703\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39 Hadoop \u7684\u6642\u5019\u7528\u5230\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f OLTP \u6216\u8005 OLAP \u90fd\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u8a5e\u5f88\u591a\uff1apartition, shard, region, tablet, vnode, vBucket
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u4e09\u5927\u554f\u984c","title":"\u4e09\u5927\u554f\u984c","text":"\u4e0b\u9762\u4f9d\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u5206\u5340","title":"\u5206\u5340","text":"\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u8b93\u4ed6\u53bb\u54ea\u4e00\u5340\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50","title":"\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50","text":"\u4eba\u529b\u9280\u884c\u767b\u5165\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u5b57\u865f\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u8981\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u64da\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u5b57\u865f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8fd1\u54ea\u500b\u5206\u5340\u3002
\u9ad8\u5e73\u8861\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6bcf\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6709\u4e8b\u505a\uff1b\u9ad8\u9023\u7e8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u8b8a\u55ae\u7d14
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b","title":"\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b","text":"\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5169\u8457\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u7167\u8457\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u4e82\u6578\u7167\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u3002
\u7167\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5c31\u6703\u5bb9\u6613\u88fd\u9020\u71b1\u9ede\uff08hot spot\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f88\u5fd9\u5f88\u5fd9\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c31\u9592\u9592\u6c92\u4e8b\u505a\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4eba\u54e1\u8003\u616e\u908a\u754c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u5b9a\u3002
\u4ee5\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u5b57\u865f\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u70ba\u5206\u5340\u9375\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u662f A \uff5e B \u4e00\u7d44\uff0cC \uff5e F \u4e00\u7d44\uff0cG \uff5e K \u4e00\u7d44\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8ca0\u8f09\u504f\u659c\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c_\u96dc\u6e4a_\uff08hash\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u7528\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u5206\u5340\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u6703\u8b93\u7bc4\u570d\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u5206\u5340\u9375\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 Riak\u3001 Couchbase \u548c Voldemort\uff0c MongoDB \u5247\u662f\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u641c\u5c0b\u3002
Info\u9019\u88e1\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u90fd\u5148\u5047\u8a2d\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u6703\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5e73\u8861\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u71b1\u9ede","title":"\u71b1\u9ede","text":"\u5982\u679c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u5f88\u5e38\u88ab\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u71b1\u9ede\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u7d93\u904e\u96dc\u6e4a\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u9577\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u7fa4\u8edf\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u540d\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u767c\u6587\u4f9d\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ID\uff08\u6216\u767c\u6587 ID\uff09\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u5c0e\u9032\u8a72\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u3002
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\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aTwitter 3% \u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5c08\u9580\u66ff Justin Bieber \u670d\u52d9
Info
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\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u73fe
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\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\u9019\u6771\u897f
\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u900f\u904e\u5354\u5b9a\uff08Gossip protocol\uff09\u5f7c\u6b64\u544a\u77e5\u5c0d\u65b9\u76ee\u524d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u904e\u53bb\u7d66\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u96d6\u7136\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8b93\u5176\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5354\u52a9\u3002
Cassandra \u548c Riak \u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5e73\u8861","title":"\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5e73\u8861","text":"\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u76f4\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684_\u5e73\u8861_\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u5373\u6642\u5171\u8b58\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u9053\u8cc7\u6599\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u65e2\u7136\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5e73\u8861\u90fd\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u65b9\u4f86\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a\u597d\u6bcf\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u7c21\u55ae\u4e86 \ud83d\ude00\u3002
Couchbase \u5c31\u662f\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u7576 cluster node \u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u7d00\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u5206\u5340\u7684 metadata\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u5e73\u8861","title":"\u5e73\u8861","text":"\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5230\u4e86\u3002
\u8cc7\u6599\u6703\u8d8a\u9577\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5206\u64d4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6e1b\u5c11\uff08\u58de\u6389\u6216\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff09\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u58de\u6389\u6642\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u8d95\u5de5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7121\u8b02\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42","title":"\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42","text":"\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u6c7a\u5b9a\u597d\u8981\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u5340\uff08\u7bc4\u570d\u5206\u5340\u6216\u8005\u96dc\u6e4a\u5206\u5340\uff09
\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u80cc\u666f\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u7576\u78ba\u8a8d\u5206\u914d\u5b8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0e\u904e\u53bb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6216\u624b\u52d5","title":"\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6216\u624b\u52d5","text":"\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u8017\u6642\u8017\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\uff0c\u6c92\u7528\u597d\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\uff1a \u56e0\u7bc0\u9ede\u5fd9\u788c\u65bc OLTP \u548c\u5e73\u8861\u5206\u5340\u5c0e\u81f4\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u6700\u7d42\u88ab\u8feb\u9000\u51fa\u6642\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u5206\u5340\u5c0e\u81f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002
\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u5728\u63d0\u5982\u4f55\u8def\u7531\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u6709\u8b1b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u624b\u52d5\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u9019\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u3002
Couchbase\u3001Riak\u3001Voldemort \u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u500b\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ea4\u7531\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u4f86\u6309\u4e0b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u300d\u7684\u6309\u9215\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u5176\u4ed6","title":"\u5176\u4ed6","text":"Parallel Database Systems
\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u5404\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u5b83\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u4f86\u6574\u5408\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u9019\u6771\u897f\u6703\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff08batch processing\uff09\u548c\u6392\u7a0b\u8655\u7406\uff08cron-job\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f MPP \u4e0d\u540c\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5206\u985e\uff1a
Category Example Systems in this Category Classic Aster nCluster, DB2 Parallel Edition, Gamma, Greenplum, Netezza, SQL Server Parallel Data Warehouse, Teradata Columnar Amazon RedShift, C-Store, Infobright, MonetDB, ParAccel, Sybase IQ, Vec- torWise, Vertica MapReduce Cascading, Clydesdale, Google MapReduce, Hadoop, HadoopDB, Hadoop++, Hive, JAQL, Pig Dataflow Dremel, Dryad, Hyracks, Nephele, Pregel, SCOPE, Shark, Spark/Massively Parallel Databases and MapReduce Systems
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u5f88\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u5206\u5340\u5929\u751f\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u9078\u64c7\u5462\uff1f
\u672c\u5730\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u53eb document index\uff1b \u5168\u57df\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u53eb term index\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u672c\u5730\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u672c\u5730\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u6211\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u505a\u597d\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8981\u900f\u904e\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff08\u4ee5\u5716\u4e0a\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u641c\u5c0b\u300c\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u8eca\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u641c\u5c0b\u4e00\u904d\u3002
Info
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u900f\u904e\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u6703\u53eb\u505a scatter/gather\u3002
\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u505a\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e3b\u9375\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u8eca\u524d\u7db4\u52a0\u500b r\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210_\u71b1\u9ede_\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6703\u9055\u80cc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5929\u751f\u9650\u5236\uff08constrant\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u52a0\u7684 ID\u3002
Example
MongoDB Riak\u3001Cassandra\u3001Elasticsearch\u3001SolrCloud\u3001VoltDB \u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u5168\u57df\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u5168\u57df\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u53e6\u5916\u66ff\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15\u589e\u52a0\u5206\u5340\u908f\u8f2f\uff08\u4ee5\u5716\u4e0a\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u7d05\u8272\u8eca\u7684 ID \u6703\u9032\u5230_\u5206\u5340 1_\uff09
\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53bb\u627e\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u7bc0\u9ede\u53bb\u627e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u627e\u904e\u4e00\u904d\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u5beb\u5165\u6642\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u767c\u751f\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \u5171\u8b58 \uff09\u3002
Example
Riak\u3001Oracle data warehous\u3001Amazon DynamoDB \u90fd\u6709\u984d\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u9078\u9805\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u5efa\u7acb\u984d\u5916\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u9019\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072","title":"\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ea\u56e0\u70ba\u5ef6\u9072\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8907\u88fd\u6703\u5ef6\u9072\u3001\u7576\u57f7\u884c\u591a\u5206\u5340\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5728\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u56e0\u70ba\u5ef6\u9072\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\u50c5\u8ac7\u5230\u300c\u5ef6\u9072\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u8ac7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u61c9\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u9700\u8981 \u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5 \u4f86\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9001\u7d66 Follower2 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5fa9\u539f Follower1 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u8b80\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u8b80\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072\u5c0e\u81f4\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u300c\u8b80\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08read-your-own-write\uff09\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5229\u7528\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u907f\u514d\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u505a\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5340\u6709\u4e0d\u540c Leader\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8212\u7de9\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6","title":"\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6","text":"\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6\uff08monotonic-read\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9019\u6b21 session \u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0 replica \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u662f replica \u4e0d\u80fd\u670d\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u767c\u751f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u9806\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u8b80\u53d6","title":"\u9806\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u8b80\u53d6","text":"\u9806\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u8b80\u53d6\uff08consistent prefix read\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9762\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u662f\u7279\u6307\u5206\u5340\u6642\u767c\u751f\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u6df7\u4e82\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u6b21\u63d0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u3002
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f
\u9019\u6a23\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5728\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u56de\u5230\u6700\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a \u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08eventually consistency\uff09\u55ce\uff1f
\u662f\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9054\u6210\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5f88\u591a\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u72a7\u7272\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff08\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u72a7\u7272\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5462\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u6703\u91cd\u898b\u65bc_\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406_\u4e2d\uff0c\u5230\u6642\u6703\u518d\u628a\u9019\u4e3b\u984c\u91cd\u65b0\u6293\u51fa\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u2014\u8907\u88fd","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5099\u4efd\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u8907\u88fd\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e09\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a
\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u5176\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u9019\u6b21\u8ac7\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9593\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5169\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u88ab\u71d2\u5f97\u7cbe\u5149\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u884c\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5171\u4eab\u67d0\u7a2e\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u6216\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6a5f\u623f\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u529b\u4f86\u6e90\u3002
\u6703\u63a1\u7528\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u64f4\u589e\u6027\u548c\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6210\u672c\u50c5\u50c5\u53ea\u662f\u7dda\u6027\u6210\u9577\u800c\u5df2\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u8981\u8b93\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u9075\u5b88\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u9019\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u662f
Info
\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684 (OLTP)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u96e3\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u505a\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5169\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff1a
\u8907\u88fd\u9700\u8981\u505a\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53d6\u6368\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7af6\u8cfd\u554f\u984c\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u53d6\u6368\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5354\u8abf\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u6eff\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u5169\u5168\u5176\u7f8e\uff1f
\u5206\u5340\u6703\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 1-50 \u653e\u5728 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab 1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 51-100 \u653e\u5728 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab 2\u3002\u5176\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u5354\u4f5c\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5169\u8005\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u5340\u5206\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4efb\u4e00\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u4efb\u4e00\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u6982\u7565\u5716","title":"\u6982\u7565\u5716","text":"\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u5206\u5340\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u6703\u540c\u6642\u5229\u7528\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u5225\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a
\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6b21\u6703\u5148\u4ecb\u7d39\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u4ecb\u7d39\u5206\u5340\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u90fd\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u4f86\u5bb9\u7d0d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u600e\u9ebc\u8907\u88fd","title":"\u600e\u9ebc\u8907\u88fd\uff1f","text":"\u4e2d\u6587 \u7d71\u4e00 \u5176\u4ed6 \u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896 leader/follower master/slave(standby), active/passive, primary/secondary \u591a\u9818\u8896 multi-leader master/master, active/active \u7121\u9818\u8896 leaderless dynamo-style\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c0d\u61c9\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\uff1a\u9818\u8896\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u70ba\u653f\u3001\u5354\u8abf\u8005\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90fd\u6703\u7d71\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u3001\u591a\u9818\u8896\u3001\u7121\u9818\u8896\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u548c\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u5404\u81ea\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u6b0a\u8861\u3002
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u8d95\u5de5\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
\u8d95\u5de5\uff08catch up\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505c\u6b62\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\uff08\u7528\u4f86\u7dad\u4fee\u6216\u610f\u5916\u7684\u58de\u6389\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u8ddf\u4e0a\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5f9e\u820a\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6216\u8005\u5f9e\u5b8c\u5168\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a
\u81f3\u65bc\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5206\u5340\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u7121\u9818\u8896\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u540c\u7570\u6b65\u653e\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8003\u616e\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5be6\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7570\u65bc\u6709\u9818\u8896\u6642\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u7d14\u7570\u6b65\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896","title":"\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896","text":"\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08leader\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08follower\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u540c\u6b65\u8cc7\u6599\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u4e0a\u5716\u4e2d\u7684 Replication streams \u5373\u662f\u5728\u9818\u8896\u5f97\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\uff0c\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\uff0c \u81f3\u65bc\u300c\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u63d0\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b0a\u8861\u3002
\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u662f\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u8d95\u5de5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e09\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5206\u5225\u662f
\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u54ea\u7a2e\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u3001\u591a\u9818\u8896\u3001\u7121\u9818\u8896\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u9818\u8896\u5247\u628a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u6311\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8907\u88fd\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\uff08OLTP\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u8907\u88fd\u904e\u53bb\u5f8c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u8b93\u4ed6\u628a\u6700\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u88dc\u4e0a\u3002
\u6a5f\u5236\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u9762\u5169\u52d5\uff1a\u88dc\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u6649\u5347\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u9818\u8896\u91cd\u555f","title":"\u9818\u8896\u91cd\u555f","text":"\u7576\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c \u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db\uff08failover\uff09\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u9806\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f GitHub \u9047\u5230\u9818\u8896\u91cd\u555f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6368\u68c4\u5c1a\u672a\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1
\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u9375\u6709\u905e\u589e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u555f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u905e\u589e\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u540c\u7570\u6b65","title":"\u540c\u7570\u6b65","text":"\u540c\u7570\u6b65\u662f\u9700\u8981\u505a\u6b0a\u8861\u7684\u3002
\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6703\u8b93\u6f5b\u6642\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u82e5\u58de\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5168\u90e8\u8cc7\u6599\u7121\u6cd5\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u7576\u521d\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002
\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7570\u6b65\u53c8\u6703\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6703\u7834\u58de\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8f9b\u82e6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u8b93\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002
\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u53d6\u5176\u5e73\u8861\u4f7f\u7528\u534a\u540c\u6b65\uff08semi-synchronous\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e0a\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u90fd\u63a1\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7570\u6b65\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c","title":"\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c","text":"\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9818\u8896\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u5230\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u6642\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6b0a\u8861\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u6c92\u63d0\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u5230\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a
NOW()\u3001RAND()\u3001AUTO_INCR() \u7b49\u7b49\u3002WHERE <some condition>\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u70ba\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u5c0e\u81f4\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002UPDATE users SET age = age + 10 WHERE age < 10 \u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u50b3\u905e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ID \u548c\u5176\u66f4\u65b0\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6709 MySQL \u7684 binlog\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u65b9\u4fbf\u900f\u904e ETL \u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u88fd\u4f5c\u5176\u4ed6 \u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599 \u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08data center\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u6703\u76f8\u8ddd\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9069\u5408\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4e00\u53f0\u5728\u76f8\u8ddd\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u9818\u8896\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u884c\u7684\u5f88\u9806\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u5167\u7684\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u591a\u9818\u8896","title":"\u591a\u9818\u8896","text":"\u5982\u679c\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u80fd\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u89ba\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u9818\u8896\u8b8a\u6210\u591a\u500b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5f88\u591a\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9019\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u7576\u6709\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8acb\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9810\u8a2d\u652f\u63f4\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 MySQL \u7684 Tungsten Replicator\u3001PostgreSQL \u7684 BDR\u3001Oracle \u7684 GoldenGate
\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b8c\u6709\u9818\u8896\u6642\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684_\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c_\u548c_\u540c\u7570\u6b65_\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u8457\u91cd\u5728\u591a\u9818\u8896\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u3002
\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u662f\uff1a
\u5728\u6548\u80fd\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b8a\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u64d4\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u6bd4\u8f03\u8fd1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
\u5728\u5bb9\u932f\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u653e\u5728\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4efb\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u640d\u5bb3\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u505c\u64fa\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u56e0\u70ba\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u670d\u52d9\u7d42\u6b62\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u8896\u6703\u5e6b\u5fd9\u5206\u64d4\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u7b49\u5f85\u5931\u80fd\u9818\u8896\u88ab\u66ff\u63db\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u58de\u8655","title":"\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u58de\u8655","text":"\u4ed6\u6703\u7834\u58de\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u539f\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u52a0\u7684 ID\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u9650\u5236\uff08constraints\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u5165\u6642\u52e2\u5fc5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5169\u500b\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u885d\u7a81\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a02\u7968\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u591a\u9818\u8896\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u5e38\u767c\u751f","title":"\u591a\u9818\u8896\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u5e38\u767c\u751f","text":"\u4f8b\u5982\u624b\u6a5f\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u66c6\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4ecd\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d00\u9304\u884c\u7a0b\u65bc\u65e5\u66c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0a\u7dda\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6574\u5408\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7b46\u96fb\uff09\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u3002
\u9019\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5ef6\u9072\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u5e7e\u79d2\u800c\u662f\u597d\u5e7e\u5929\u3002CouchDB \u5c31\u662f\u5c08\u9580\u8a2d\u8a08\u8655\u7406\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c31\u662f\u7de8\u8f2f\u7dda\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Google Doc/HackMD\u3002\u76f4\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7de8\u8f2f\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8a72\u7dda\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6\u6703\u6a19\u793a\u54ea\u500b\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u54ea\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u540c\u6642\u7de8\u8f2f\u76f8\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u9020\u6210\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u62d3\u64b2","title":"\u62d3\u64b2","text":"\u7576\u9818\u8896\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u500b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u3002
MySQL \u9810\u8a2d\u50c5\u652f\u63f4\u74b0\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\uff0c\u800c\u74b0\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\u548c\u661f\u72c0\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u6a39\u72c0\uff09\u62d3\u64b2\u6703\u8ce6\u4e88\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e00\u500b ID\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5404\u81ea\u7684 ID\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u8dd1\u904e\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u907f\u514d\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u4e1f\u9032\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u8f2a\u8ff4\u4e2d\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u74b0\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\u548c\u661f\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u500b\u7f3a\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u62d3\u64b2\u65b7\u7dda\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5927\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u4ed6\u5fa9\u539f\u3002
\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\uff0call-to-all\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5bb9\u6613\u6703\u9700\u8981\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u9019\u554f\u984c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u4e5f\u6709\u62d3\u64b2","title":"\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u4e5f\u6709\u62d3\u64b2","text":"\u9664\u4e86\u591a\u9818\u8896\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u62d3\u64b2\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f Replication Chain\uff08RC\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81","title":"\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u591a\u9818\u8896\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c","title":"\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c","text":"\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u4e82\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u4f9d\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9020\u6210\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u66ff\u5404\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6dfb\u52a0 ID\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf","title":"\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u4e8b\u60c5\u8b8a\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u60f3\u50cf\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\u5c31\u4e0d\u96e3\u4e86\u3002
[milk]\uff0c\u5b9a\u5176\u70ba\u7248\u672c\u4e00[eggs]\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 [milk]\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6574\u5408\u5169\u8005\u6210\u70ba [eggs, milk][milk, flour]\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u4e8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 [eggs]\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6574\u5408\u5169\u8005\u6210\u70ba [milk, flour, eggs][eggs, milk, ham] \u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u4e09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 [milk, flour]\uff0c\u4e26\u6574\u5408\u6210 [eggs, milk, ham, flour][milk, flour, eggs, bacon, ham]\u900f\u904e\u8ce6\u4e88\u5404\u500b\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u4e00\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u593e\u5e36\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f86\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6574\u4f75\uff08\u6216\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b93\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6574\u4f75\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u7576\u767c\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u4e82\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7248\u672c\u53bb\u6574\u5408\u885d\u7a81\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u64f4\u589e\u5230\u591a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\uff08version vector\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u3002
Info
\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u6642\u9418\u5411\u91cf\uff08vector clocks\uff09\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6642\u9418\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8b93 \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 \u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u905e\u589e\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u518d\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u7121\u9818\u8896","title":"\u7121\u9818\u8896","text":"\u524d\u9762\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u9818\u8896\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u900f\u904e\u5354\u8abf\u8005\uff09\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u5230\u5168\u90e8\uff08\u6216\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
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\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u5165\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e7e\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u555f\uff09\u7121\u6cd5\u9001\u51fa\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u904b\u884c\u7d42\u6b62\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7dad\u6301\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u9078\u64c7\u5141\u8a31\u5931\u6557\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u91cf\uff1f
\u4ee5\u5716\u7247\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e94\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u6210\u529f\u5beb\u5165\u548c\u8b80\u53d6\u5404\u4e09\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u62ff\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u56de\u50b3\u7d66\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \\(w+r>n\\)\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7684 \\(n\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7e3d\u6578\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e9b\u908a\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u7a2e\u4fdd\u91cd\u5931\u6548\uff1a
\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\u82f1\u6587\u7a31\u70ba qourum\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6578\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6578\u9019\u540d\u8a5e\u662f\u7528\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u9d3f\u5de2\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u6211\u6709\u5341\u96bb\u9d3f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5d\u500b\u9d3f\u5de2\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9d3f\u5de2\u6709\u5169\u96bb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u3002
\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4e86\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u6eff\u8db3\u9d3f\u5de2\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e94\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u50c5\u6210\u529f\u9001\u7d66\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u8a72\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7576\u767c\u73fe\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u9810\u5b9a\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u539f\u672c \\(n\\) \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u6216\u8005\u653e\u9032\u5354\u8abf\u8005\u672c\u8eab\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u7a00\u8584\u7684\u9d3f\u5de2\uff08sloppy quorum\uff09\u3002\u7576\u539f\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6062\u5fa9\u539f\u72c0\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u5099\u63f4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u9001\u56de\u7d66\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u7a31\u70ba\u63d0\u793a\u79fb\u4ea4\uff08hinted handoff\uff09\u3002
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u7dad\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027","title":"\u7dad\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027","text":"\u7576\u4e0d\u80fd\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9694\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u6062\u5fa9\u539f\u72c0\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5408\u6210\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9019\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\u5fa9\u539f\uff08read repair\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u6c92\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u539f\u6301\u6700\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u80cc\u666f\u8655\u7406\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u5b9a\u671f\u6574\u4f75","title":"\u5b9a\u671f\u6574\u4f75","text":"dynamo-style \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u71b5\uff08anti-entropy process\uff09\u5b9a\u671f\u8b93\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u900f\u904e Merkle tree\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e26\u50b3\u905e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u540c\u6b65\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\u9019\u500b\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Voldemort\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u53cd\u71b5\u4e26\u4e0d\u4fdd\u4f4f\u8cc7\u6599\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u7121\u9818\u8896\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede","title":"\u7121\u9818\u8896\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u9d3f\u5de2\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u5141\u8a31\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7570\u6b65\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9d3f\u5de2\u539f\u7406\u8b93\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u5236\u7b49\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u51fa\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7570\u6b65\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u5225\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
\u7136\u800c\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u6eff\u8db3\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c0e\u81f4\u9806\u5e8f\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u80fd\u904e\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\uff08dyanmo-style \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u540c\u5e38\u90fd\u662f k-v pair\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8b93\u5373\u4f7f\u8cc7\u6599\u5beb\u5165\u9806\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e82\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u904b\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u5176\u4ed6","title":"\u5176\u4ed6","text":"\u7576\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u8907\u88fd\u6642\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5ef6\u9072\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u6b21\u63d0\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u8ddf\u54ea\u4e9b\u8655\u7406\u4e0a\uff1f\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u5340\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff01
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8b93\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u77e5\u9053\u73fe\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u9818\u8896\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u597d\u505a\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9818\u8896\u548c\u8ddf\u96a8\u8005\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f86\u627e\u51fa\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7121\u9818\u8896\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u662f\u975e\u9806\u5e8f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u6703\u6eff\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u3002\u9019\u9818\u57df\u4ecd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002
\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7dad\u904b\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u6210\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u96fb\u91cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50b3\u9001\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4e14\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u983b\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u5f88\u591a\u9322\uff01
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u6211\u5011\u958b\u982d\u8ac7\u4e86\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u4e26\u5340\u5206\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u8907\u88fd\u3001\u5206\u5340\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u3002
\u5404\u500b\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u6709\u6b0a\u8861\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e26\u4e0d\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u7121\u9818\u8896\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
Network Attached Storage(NAS)\u00a0\u21a9
Storage Area Network(SAN)\u00a0\u21a9
\u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u57fa\u790e","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u57fa\u790e","text":"\u6839\u64da\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u9078\u64c7\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709 \u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u6703\u6839\u64da\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c \u5e38\u898b\u7684 SQL \u662f \u5ba3\u544a\u5f0f\uff08\u5ba3\u544a\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c \u5176\u4ed6\u9084\u6709\u50cf\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e00\u6a23\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u5f48\u6027\u7684 \u547d\u547d\u5f0f\uff08\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b \u8ddf\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u6cc1\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\u7684 \u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\uff08\u4e0d\u5beb\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u662f\u5beb\u908f\u8f2f\uff09\u3002
\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f
\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u641c\u5c0b\u300c\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u4f46\u662f\u642c\u53bb\u53f0\u5357\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u300d\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u544a\u8a34\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4f4f\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u300d \uff08\u544a\u77e5\u908f\u8f2f\u800c\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cedge=born \u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc if (edge=born) return true;\uff09 \u9084\u6709\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u642c\u53bb\u53f0\u5357\u300d\uff08edge=migration, node=Tainan\uff09\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 \u5716\u50cf\u5f0f \u548c \u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f \u641c\u5c0b\uff1f
\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u7528 \u95dc\u806f\u5f0f \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8868\u793a \uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \u67d0\u5730 \u5305\u542b\u65bc \u67d0\u5e02 \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u5728 \u95dc\u806f\u5f0f \u4e2d\u6703\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5bb9\u6613\u5197\u9577\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u3002\u800c \u5716\u50cf\u5f0f \u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u53c8\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u505a\u6210 \u5ba3\u544a\u5f0f \u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002
\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u628a\u7126\u9ede\u5f9e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u653e\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8981\u5f9e\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u62ff\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c \u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u5728\u832b\u832b\u8cc7\u6599\u6d77\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\uff1f\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5148\u5f9e \u6563\u5217\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15 \u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e key-value \u7d44\u5408\u5efa\u69cb\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c \u4f9d\u6b64\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684 \u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868 \u5247\u662f\u5229\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u9032\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u5229\u7528\u786c\u9ad4\u5929\u751f\u9069\u5408\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u7dca\u58d3\uff08compaction\uff09\uff0c \u4fdd\u6301\u6392\u5e8f\u4e14\u7dca\u5bc6\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u9069\u5408\u5beb\u5165\u548c\u8b80\u53d6\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u63d0\u5e38\u898b\u7684 b-tree \u548c\u5176\u8207\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
\u4e86\u89e3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u600e\u9ebc\u5feb\u901f\u62ff\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u884c\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u641c\u5c0b\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7bc4\u570d\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9019\u500b\u6708\u7684\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u641c\u5c0b\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba OLAP\u3002 \u9019\u6bb5\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u600e\u9ebc\u548c\u5e95\u5c64 OS \u548c\u786c\u9ad4\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e26\u512a\u5316\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
\u4e86\u89e3\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u600e\u9ebc\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u6a5f\u6e9d\u901a\uff1a \u7de8\u78bc\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684 JSON/CSV/XML \u4e0d\u592a\u9069\u5408\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u843d\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u80a5\u5927\u548c\u4e0d\u6613\u6f14\u9032\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u6703\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u9700\u8981\u9069\u61c9\u6f14\u9032\u3002 \u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f Apache Avro \u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u6f14\u9032\u548c\u7121\u7db1\u76ee\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236","title":"\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236","text":"\u4e26\u884c\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u72c0\u614b\u51fa\u932f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u6642\u6709\u4eba\u8a02\u7968\u3002\u5728\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c \u8070\u660e\u7684\u958b\u6cd5\u8005\u5617\u8a66\u628a\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u3002 \u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u5169\u9805\u4fdd\u8b49\uff1a
\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u554f\u984c\u6b98\u7559\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56de\u5230\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a","title":"\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a","text":"\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff08isolation\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5be6\u4f5c\u6642\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7709\u7709\u89d2\u89d2\u66f4\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c0d\u65bc\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u8d8a\u5f37\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u64c1\u6709\u8d8a\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08consistency\uff09\uff1a
\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08no-dirty-read + no-dirty-write\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u4e2d\u6700\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u52a0\u9396\uff08\u53ea\u52a0\u5beb\u5165\u7684\uff09\u8b93\u5169\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u9593\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6613\u5f8c\u624d\u6574\u5408\u9032\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u907f\u514d\u4ea4\u6613\u9593\u770b\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c1a\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\uff1a\u7576 \u4ea4\u6613A \u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613B \u5b8c\u6210\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f71\u97ff \u4ea4\u6613A \u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff08\u56e0\u70ba \u4ea4\u6613B \u5b8c\u6210\u63d0\u4ea4\u6703\u8b93\u65b0\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u901a\u904e \u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 \u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 MVCC\uff0c\u66ff\u6bcf\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u958b\u59cb\u7576\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8b80\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u4e00\u57f7\u884c\u5e8f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Redis\uff09\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6548\u80fd\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u53d7\u5230\u786c\u789f\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c2PL \u900f\u904e\u8b93\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u4e5f\u52a0\u4e0a\u9396\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f OLTP \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u8b80\u53d6\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u5feb\u7167\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\uff08SSI\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u6548\u7387\u53c8\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f03\u65b0\uff0c\u5f85\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8003\u9a57\u8b93\u9019\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5206\u5340\u548c\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u5e6b\u5fd9\u3002
\u8907\u88fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u61c9\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u5fd9\u3002\u540c\u6642\u900f\u904e\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u65bc\u5404\u500b\u8907\u88fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u6709\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u8d8a\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u6703\u72a7\u7272\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u8212\u89e3\u8cc7\u6599\u8d8a\u9577\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u55ae\u53f0\u7bc0\u9ede\u7121\u6cd5\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8655\u7406\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 1234 \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff09\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u591a\u500b\u5206\u5340\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f61\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5206\u5340\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u8cc7\u6599\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u5340\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6b0a\u8861\uff0c\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u8d8a\u597d\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u5e73\u5747\u6253\u6563\u5230\u5206\u5340\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u8d8a\u597d\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u3002
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\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u56e0\u70ba\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u7576\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\u6642\u91cd\u9078\u9818\u8896\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u8a2d\u8a08\u5426\u5247\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u8907\u6b0a\uff08split brain\uff09\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u597d\u505a\u5230\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u6700\u5927\u512a\u52e2\u5728\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u7570\u52d5\u90fd\u5728\u9818\u8896\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7570\u52d5\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
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\u4e0a\u9762\u5169\u5f35\u5716\u4f86\u6e90\u662f Samza \u5831\u544a\u7c21\u5831\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f 54 \u9801\u548c 57 \u9801\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027","title":"\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027","text":"\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e09\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d0d\u9032\u53e2\u96c6","title":"\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d0d\u9032\u53e2\u96c6","text":"\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u61c9\u7528\u90fd\u6703\u7b49\u5f85\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e\u700f\u89bd\u53bb\u6216\u8005\u624b\u6a5f\u61c9\u7528\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5982\u679c\u5f8c\u7aef\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5373\u6642\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u7b49\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u52d5\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u6216\u8005\u767c\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5f8c\u7aef\u4e3b\u52d5\u767c\u9001\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u7d66\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u9632\u8b77","title":"\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u9632\u8b77","text":"TCP \u548c HTTP \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002TCP \u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\uff0f\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u7576\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u907a\u5931\u6642\u6368\u68c4\u8acb\u6c42\u3001Timeout \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9084\u662f\u5f97\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\uff1aRetry\u3001Timeout \u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5169\u7aef\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u7a31\u70ba\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u9632\u8b77\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
TCP \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4fdd\u8b77\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u3001WAL \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5f97\u505a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a
\u7576\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u904b\u7b97BEGIN TRANSACTION;\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 21 WHERE account_id = 1234;\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 21 WHERE account_id = 4321;\nCOMMIT\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u88dd\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6703\u9047\u5230\u4f60\u932f\u8aa4\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6309\u4e86\u5169\u6b21\u6309\u9215\uff09\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u5efa\u7acb\u552f\u4e00\u7684 request_id \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884cALTER TABLE requests ADD UNIQUE (request_id);\n\nBEGIN TRANSACTION;\n\nINSERT INTO requests (request_id, from_account, to_account, amount) VALUES ('some-unique-id', 4321, 1234, 21)\n\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 21 WHERE account_id = 1234;\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 21 WHERE account_id = 4321;\nCOMMIT\n\u5982\u679c\u8981\u907f\u514d\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u96dc\u6e4a\uff09\u5230\u8acb\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684 Unique Constraint \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6a5f\u5236\u5230\u4e86\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6642\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5169\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u8896\u53bb\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u9019\u6a23\u591a\u9818\u8896\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f
\u9664\u4e86\u8907\u88fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53e2\u96c6\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5169\u500b\u5e33\u865f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42 ID \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5340\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u5be6\u4f5c\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u5206\u5340\u78ba\u4fdd Unique Constraint\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u5ee3\u64ad\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u908a\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
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\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u767c\u73fe\u53e2\u96c6\u6709\u5065\u5eb7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\u843d\u7684\u5f37\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u539f\u59cb\uff08\u6216\u5feb\u7167\uff09\u72c0\u614b\u5229\u7528\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u72c0\u614b\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
\u7c3d\u8b49\u900f\u660e\u5316
\u7c3d\u8b49\u900f\u660e\u5316\uff08Certificate Transparency\uff09 \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b93\u6191\u8b49\u6a5f\u69cb\uff08CA\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u5176\u7c3d\u767c\u7684\u6191\u8b49\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u65e5\u8a8c\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ea\u9644\u52a0\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u7c3d\u7684\u6191\u8b49\u3002 \u4e00\u5e74\u53ef\u7c3d\u767c\u7684\u6191\u8b49\u53ef\u80fd\u5e7e\u5341\u5104\u500b\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u589e\u6191\u8b49\u81ea\u52d5\u91cd\u65b0\u7522\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684\u7c3d\u540d\uff1f
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","text":"\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f-oltpolap-\u548c-dwh","title":"\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f OLTP\u3001OLAP \u548c DWH","text":"\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c0d\u65bc\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u7fa4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u505a\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba \u7dda\u4e0a\u7570\u52d5\u8655\u7406 \uff08online transaction processing, OLTP \uff09\u3002
\u65e9\u671f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u5546\u52d9\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u820a\u7a31\u300c\u4ea4\u6613\u300d\uff08transaction\uff09\u3002
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\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u548c OLTP \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u53bb\u505a\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5009\uff08Data Warehouse\uff0cDWH\uff09\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u6e05\u695a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5206 OLTP \u548c OLAP\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u5c6c\u6027 \u7dda\u4e0a\u7570\u52d5\u8655\u7406 \u7dda\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u8655\u7406 \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f \u5c0f\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e14\u900f\u904e\u9375\u7be9\u9078 \u805a\u5408\uff08aggregate\uff09\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599 \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f \u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u96a8\u6a5f\u5beb\u5165 \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5927\u91cf\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d41\u5165 \u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65bc \u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 \u5167\u90e8\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6c7a\u7b56 \u8cc7\u6599\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc \u6700\u65b0\u72c0\u614b \u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5927\u5c0f GB~TB TB~PB"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"OLTP \u985e\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u88ab\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8655\u7406\u9019\u985e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6703\u63a5\u89f8\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\uff08index\uff09\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u3002 \u9019\u985e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u5f9e\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u627e\u5c0b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6 \uff08seek time\uff0c \u627e\u5c0b\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002
OLAP \u985e\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8f03\u5c11\u88ab\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u985e\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u6bd4 OLTP \u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u985e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u65bc\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u7684\u983b\u5bec \uff08bandwidth\uff0c\u8b80\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132_1","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","text":"\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53bb\u6eff\u8db3\u5404\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u66ff\u540c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4eba\u529b\u9280\u884c\u7684
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\u5176\u7279\u6027\u6703\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u5b9a\u6642\uff08periodic data dump\uff09\u6216\u6301\u7e8c\uff08continuous stream of updates\uff09\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u64f7\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u4e26\u5b58\u5165\u9069\u5408\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff08schema\uff09\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8907\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7a31\u4f5c\u8403\u53d6\u3001\u8b8a\u63db\u53ca\u8f09\u5165\uff08Extract\u2013Transform\u2013Load\uff0c ETL\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u9019\u985e\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u96d6\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206 DW \u90fd\u662f\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c \u5176\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u7b97\u908f\u8f2f\u537b\u548c\u5e38\u898b\u7684 OLTP \u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u5834\u57df\u505a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u512a\u5316\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u540c\u6642\u6eff\u8db3 OLTP \u548c OLAP\u3002
Dedicated\uff0c\u737b\u8eab\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7522\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u53bb\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5c08\u5fc3\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u5b83\u505a\u597d\u3002 \u5fae\u670d\u52d9\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u4e00\u4e9b-dw-\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u4e00\u4e9b DW \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff08schema\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
\u4ee5\u66f8\u4e2d\u7bc4\u4f8b\u505a\u4ecb\u7d39\uff1a
\u5728\u7d30\u770b\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8868\uff08table\uff09\u7684\u524d\u7db4\u8a5e\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
dim \u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u7dad\u5ea6\uff08dimension\uff09\u7684\u8868fact \u5c55\u793a\u6240\u6709\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u8868\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5716\u7247\u70ba\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u9867\u5ba2\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u63a8\u5ee3\u6d3b\u52d5\u7b49\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e8b\u5be6\u8868\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u800c fact_sales \u5c31\u662f\u92b7\u552e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u8a72\u8868\u7d00\u9304\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u92b7\u552e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u3002
\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u5c0d\u7167\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u7684\u5916\u5340\u9375\uff08foreign key\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8a72\u300c\u9867\u5ba2\u300d\u65bc\u8a72\u300c\u5546\u5e97\u300d\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8a72\u300c\u7522\u54c1\u300d\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u539f\u50f9\u3001\u552e\u50f9\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u82e5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d30\u7bc0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8a72\u8868\u683c\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u5c6c\u6027\uff08property\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u6578\u767e\u7a2e\u5c6c\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u96ea\u82b1\u7db1\u76ee","title":"\u96ea\u82b1\u7db1\u76ee","text":"\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u661f\u72c0\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u7522\u54c1\u8868\u300d\u53c8\u6703\u6709\u5916\u5340\u9375\u9023\u5230\u300c\u54c1\u724c\u8868\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7a2e\u985e\u8868\u300d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u6bd4\u8f03_1","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u661f\u72c0\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176
\u5728\u4e00\u822c OLAP \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u8b80\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u683c\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u5047\u65e5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7279\u5b9a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff1a
SELECT\n dim_date.weekday, dim_product.category,\n SUM(fact_sales.quantity) AS quantity_sold\nFROM fact_sales\n JOIN dim_date ON fact_sales.date_key = dim_date.date_key\n JOIN dim_product ON fact_sales.product_sk = dim_product.product_sk\nWHERE\n dim_date.year = 2013 AND\n dim_product.category IN ('Fresh fruit', 'Candy')\nGROUP BY\n dim_date.weekday, dim_product.category;\n\u7531\u6b64\u4f8b\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u7279\u6027\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u50c5\u62ff\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c \u662f\u5426\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u505a\u529f\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u8d77\u5f9e\u78c1\u789f\uff08disk\uff09\u4e2d\u8b80\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\uff1f
\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u6709\u597d\u5e7e PB\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u767e\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u300c\u5c0f\u7f3a\u9ede\u300d\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u653e\u5927\u3002
\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08column-oriented storage\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u751f\uff0c \u6211\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5217\uff08row\uff09\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u505a\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6539\u70ba\u6bcf\u884c\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8b80\u53d6\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9069\u5408\u505a\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u8b1b\u89e3\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002 Parquet \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5 Google's Dremel paper \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u9019\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u548c\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u689d\u4ef6\u5728 OLAP \u662f\u7b26\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4e0d\u6703\u522a\u9664\u4efb\u4e00\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u58d3\u7e2e","title":"\u58d3\u7e2e","text":"\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6d77\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u800c OLAP \u9084\u6709\u500b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u884c\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7522\u54c1\u6578\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u6578\u842c\u6216\u6578\u5341\u842c\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a02\u55ae\u537b\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u5104\u7b46\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u70ba\u884c\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u70ba\u884c\uff08\u7570\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6bcf\u7b46\u8a02\u55ae\u90fd\u4ee5\u5217\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b04\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a
\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f \u8a02\u55ae 1 \u8a02\u55ae 2 \u8a02\u55ae 3 ... 1 1 0 1 ... 2 0 1 0 ... 3 0 0 0 ... ... - - - ...\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a
\u8a02\u55ae 1 \u8cfc\u8cb7 \u7522\u54c1 1\u8a02\u55ae 2 \u8cfc\u8cb7 \u7522\u54c1 2\u8a02\u55ae 3 \u8cfc\u8cb7 \u7522\u54c1 1\u6b64\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u58d3\u7e2e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u5404\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5404\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\uff0c\u5c55\u958b\u6210\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u800c\u5df2\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4f4d\u5143\u6620\u5c04\uff08bitmap encoding\uff09\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba OLAP \u7684\u7279\u6027\u8b93\u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u591a\u500b\u70ba 0 \u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c \u6b64\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u5ea6\u7de8\u78bc\uff08run-length encoded\uff09\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e\u3002
\u800c\u5c55\u958b\u6210\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u5229\u65bc\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u55ae\u7d14\u900f\u904e OR AND \u53bb\u505a\u8a08\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
WHERE product_sk IN (30, 68, 69)\n\u6211\u5011\u8b80\u53d6\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u4f4d\u5143\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c 30\uff0c68 \u548c 69 \u5217\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u62ff\u51fa\u4e09\u6bb5\u4f4d\u5143\u5411\u91cf\uff08bit vector\uff09\u505a\u4f4d\u5143\u9593\u7684 OR \u904b\u7b97\u3002
WHERE product_sk = 31 AND store_sk = 3\n\u6211\u5011\u8b80\u53d6\u4f4d\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5143\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c 31 \u5217\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b80\u53d6\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u5143\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c 3 \u5217\u505a\u4f4d\u5143\u9593\u7684 AND \u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u9019\u985e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u540c\u6b65\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u9806\u5e8f\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5217\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6b04\u4f4d\uff08\u6bcf\u500b\u8a02\u55ae\u90fd\u6709\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u7de8\u865f\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002
\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u58d3\u7e2e\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b The Design and Implementation of Modern Column-Oriented Database Systems. Ct4-2\u3002
Column Family \u548c Column Oriented \u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u5176\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u57fa\u65bc Bigtable \u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab Cassandra \u548c HBase \u4e2d\u3002
\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff08\u7bc0\u9ede\uff09\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u7576\u6210\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8868\uff08table\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u9019\u55ae\u4f4d\u9032\u884c\u5217\u58d3\u7e2e\uff08column compression\uff09\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u5217\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08row-oriented\uff09\u70ba\u4e3b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u786c\u9ad4\u9762\u512a\u5316","title":"\u786c\u9ad4\u9762\u512a\u5316","text":"\u7576\u9032\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6642\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u786c\u9ad4\u78c1\u789f\uff08disk\uff09\u4e2d\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e26\u5b58\u9032\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08memory\uff09\u4e2d\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u983b\u5bec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9032\u5165 CPU \u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u7684\u983b\u5bec\u3002 \u5728\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u6642\uff0c \u70ba\u4e86\u512a\u5316 \u6307\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7dda\u5316\uff08Instruction pipeline\uff09\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d_\u5feb\u53d6\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u8aa4\u5224_\uff08branch mis-predictions\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3 CPU \u4e2d\u7684 SIMD\uff08single-instruction-multi-data\uff09 \u6307\u4ee4\u3002
\u55ae\u4f4d Latency \u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6 1 ns \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6 4 ns \u7b2c\u4e09\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6 40 ns \u2191 \u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08DDR\uff09 80 ns \u2191 \u8b80\u53d6\u78c1\u789f 80 us \u2191/Intel - Memory Performance in a Nutshell
\u9664\u4e86\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u62c9\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u62c9\u53d6\u6642\u4e5f\u9808\u6709\u6548\u7684\u914d\u5408 CPU \u7684\u9031\u671f\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\u6703\u628a\u58d3\u7e2e\u5f8c\u7684\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u6bb5\uff08chunk\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u4e14\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u547c\u53eb\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u793a\uff0c\u907f\u514d function call/jump\uff09\u653e\u9032 CPU \u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\uff08chunk\uff09\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u53bb\u57f7\u884c AND \u6216 OR \u7b49\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u7a31\u70ba\u5411\u91cf\u8655\u7406\uff08vectorized processing\uff09\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u5c31\u662f SIMD \u9019\u985e\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u6392\u5e8f","title":"\u6392\u5e8f","text":"\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u7d93\u904e\u6392\u5e8f\u5f8c\u518d\u5132\u5b58\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9577\u5ea6\u7de8\u78bc\uff08run-length encoded\uff09\u4f7f\u58d3\u7e2e\u66f4\u7dca\u5bc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 00001000100 \u6392\u5e8f\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210 1,2,0,9\uff081 \u6709 2 \u500b\uff0c0 \u6709 9 \u500b\uff09\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u904e\u7684 \u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868 \u4f86\u505a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 SSTables \u5206\u6210\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u65b9\u4fbf\u505a\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u3002 \u7576\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5beb\u5165\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6bcf\u884c\u53c8\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u6bb5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u505a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u3002 Vertica \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4fbf\u662f\u4f9d\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5132\u5b58\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u6642\u4ecd\u8981\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7684\u5404\u5217\u8cc7\u6599\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u9806\u5e8f\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u63d0\u5230\u96f6\u552e\u696d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u82e5\u767c\u73fe\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u671f\u55ae\u4f4d\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u5982\u6bcf\u6708\u7684\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7522\u54c1\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 date_key \u4f86\u505a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u984d\u5916\u505a\u4e00\u7d44\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u6703\u4ee5\u65e5\u671f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u3002 \u540c\u6642\u53c8\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5e6b\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65b7\u54ea\u5929\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7522\u54c1\u71b1\u8ce3\u3002
\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u7a2e\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u5f37\u5316\u7684\u58d3\u7e2e\u91cf\u548c\u641c\u5c0b\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u7d44\u6392\u5e8f\u5f71\u97ff\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Vertica \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1a
\u53cd\u6b63\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u8981\u505a\u5099\u4efd\u548c HA \u800c\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u5404\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5404\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5132\u5b58\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab A \u4ee5\u65e5\u671f\u4f5c\u70ba sort key\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab B \u4ee5\u7522\u54c1\u4f5c\u70ba sort key\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u5176\u548c\u5217\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5217\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u5132\u5b58\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 heap file \u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u800c\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5247\u662f\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5132\u5b58\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u66ab\u5b58\u805a\u5408","title":"\u66ab\u5b58\u805a\u5408","text":"\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u7528\u5230\u805a\u5408\uff08aggregation\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7e3d\u6578\uff08sum\uff09\u3001\u5e73\u5747\uff08avg\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u985e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e38\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5f88\u8017\u6642\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u66ab\u5b58\u4ed6\u5427\u3002 \u9019\u985e\u66ab\u5b58\u5f8c\u7684\u805a\u5408\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u7269\u5316\u805a\u5408\uff08materialized aggregates\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u5c55\u793a\u9019\u985e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5716\u6216\u8868\uff08table\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\uff08materialized view\uff09\u3002
\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\u548c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8996\u5716\uff08standard/virtual view\uff09\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u7570\uff0c \u6a19\u6e96\u8996\u5716\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u67e5\u8a62\u8a18\u9304\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7576\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u3002
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\u5716\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4e8c\u7dad\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u505a\u7269\u5316\u6574\u5408\u6642\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u5143\uff08cell\uff09\u5132\u5b58\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u7522\u54c1\u92b7\u552e\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c \u5217\u5c3e\u5132\u5b58\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7522\u54c1\u92b7\u552e\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c\u884c\u5c3e\u5132\u5b58\u67d0\u4e00\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u92b7\u552e\u7e3d\u984d\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9032\u884c\u591a\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8cfc\u7269\u8005\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u7dad\u8b77\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\u662f\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u5beb\u5165\u6642\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 OLTP \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u3002
\u4e00\u822c\u7684 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u90fd\u6703\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u58fd\u53f8\u7b56\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u5728\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u901f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u52a0\u901f\u624b\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/","title":"\u7de8\u78bc\u548c\u9032\u7a0b","text":"\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u9700\u8981\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff1f
\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u505a\u5132\u5b58\u6216\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u78bc\uff08encoding\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u58d3\u7e2e\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6548\u80fd\u5916\uff0c \u597d\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5167\u5efa","title":"\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5167\u5efa","text":"\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u900f\u904e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u9810\u8a2d\u5c31\u6709\u4e9b\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cJava\uff1ajava.io.Serializable\u3001Ruby\uff1aMarshal\u3001Python\uff1apickle\uff0c\u7136\u800c
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d-json","title":"\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d JSON","text":"\u6709\u4e9b\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u4ee5 JSON \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u505a\u6f14\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5617\u8a66\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u8d0f\u904e\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u4ee5 MessagePack \u70ba\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
\u539f\u59cb JSON \u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
{\n \"userName\": \"Martin\",\n \"favoriteNumber\": 1337,\n \"interests\": [\"daydreaming\", \"hacking\"]\n}\n\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230 66 Bytes \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u6bd4\u539f\u672c 88 Bytes \u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6e1b\u5c11\u5230 32 Bytes \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecd\u6709\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u662f\u5ef6\u4f38 JSON\uff0c\u5929\u751f\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u9375\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1auserName\uff09\u3002
\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u65e9\u5728 1984 \u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u5354\u5b9a ASN.1 \u95e1\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u884c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c Thrift\u3001Protocol Buffer \u4e00\u6a23\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID\u3002\u4e14\u5176\u61c9\u7528\uff08DER\uff09\u5982\u4eca\u4ecd\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u65bc X.509\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u537b\u904e\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u4e14\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f97\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u8f03\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u78c1\u789f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7de8\uff08\u89e3\uff09\u78bc\u3001\u6709\u6548\u88fd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u6a94\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u78bc\u624d\u80fd\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u8b80\u61c2\u8a0a\u606f\u3002
\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u6e96\u5099\u8981\u9001\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5009\uff08warehouse\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u53cb\u5584\u65bc\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08column-oriented database\uff09\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Parquet\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9","title":"\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9","text":"\u5728\u505a\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff1a
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cJSON \u9019\u985e\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u65b0\u820a\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u89e3\u78bc\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7522\u751f\u5668","title":"\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7522\u751f\u5668","text":"\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u8b6f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08Java\u3001C++\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7db1\u76ee\u53bb\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u61c9\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff08code generation\uff09\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u7de8\u8b6f\u6642\u7684\u578b\u5225\u5224\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u7db1\u76ee\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684 property\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u59d3\u540d\uff08var person = new Person(object);print(person.name);\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6839\u64da\u8cc7\u6599\u52d5\u614b\u8abf\u6574\u7db1\u76ee\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\u5c31\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u8173\u672c\u578b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08JavaScript\u3001Python\u3001Ruby\u3001PHP\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7522\u751f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u7de8\u8b6f
Note
\u96d6\u7136 JSON \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u984d\u5916\u5de5\u5177\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u628a\u7de8\u89e3\u78bc\u548c\u7db1\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u7576\u6210\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7db1\u76ee\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u662f\u548c\u7db1\u76ee\u540c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u7de8\u78bc
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c31 Apache Thrift\u3001Protocol Buffer \u548c Apache Avro \u4f86\u505a\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#apache-thrift","title":"Apache Thrift","text":"Apache Thrift \u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7db1\u76ee\uff1a
struct Person {\n 1: required string userName,\n 2: optional i64 favoriteNumber,\n 3: optional list<string> interests\n}\n\u4e26\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u7de8\u78bc\uff0cBinaryProtocol \u548c CompactProtocol\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a
Protocol Buffer \u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
message Person {\n required string user_name = 1;\n optional int64 favorite_number = 2;\n repeated string interests = 3;\n}\nrequired \u548c optional \u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u50c5\u6703\u5728\u505a\u89e3\u78bc\u6642 runtime \u8f38\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u3002required \u6703\u8b93\u820a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8f38\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u5b9a\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u3002int8 \u8f49\u5230 int16list \u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f88\u597d\u5f9e repeated \u8f49\u5230 optional\uff0c\u4f46\u5de2\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u529f\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u3002Apache Avro \u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff1a
record Person {\n string userName;\n union { null, long } favoriteNumber = null;\n array<string> interests;\n}\nAvro \u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f
\u9019\u88e1\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b union\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u660e\u78ba\u6a19\u793a\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f nullable \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 required/optional \u4e86\u3002
\u5728\u89e3\u78bc\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u7684\u578b\u5225\u548c\u540d\u7a31\u5c31\u662f\u7db1\u76ee\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d44\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u578b\u5225\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u578b\u5225\u548c ID\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u78bc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u7d30\u7bc0","title":"\u7d30\u7bc0","text":"Apache Avro \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID \u4f86\u8fa8\u8a8d\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db1\u76ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u9593\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff1a
\u56e0\u6b64\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u78ba\u4fdd\u64b0\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u7248\u672c\u3002
Apache Avro \u4e5f\u5229\u7528 union { null, int } \u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684 required/optional\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7d66\u4e88\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u5411\u5f8c\uff08\u524d\uff09\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cApache Avro \u9084\u5141\u8a31\u66f4\u6539\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u578b\u5225\u548c\u540d\u7a31\uff1a
alias \u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u5411\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff08\u820a\u7db1\u76ee\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u65b0\u7db1\u76ee\u8abf\u6574\u540d\u7a31\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u800c\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u90fd\u5b58\u9032 DB \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u672a\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u548c\u5099\u4efd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528-tag-id-\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8655","title":"\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8655","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u8f38\u51fa\u6210\u6a94\u6848\u6642\uff08Hadoop \u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5e38\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u8f49\u63db\u6210 Avro \u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u6a94\u6848\u64b0\u5beb\u6210\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5143\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9\u6b04\u4f4d\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d\u53eb countryId \u4e26\u540c\u6642\u79fb\u9664\u6b04\u4f4d countryName\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u6b64\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7db1\u76ee\u7522\u751f Avro \u7db1\u76ee\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u7684\u7528\u820a\uff08\u65b0\uff09\u7db1\u76ee\u8b80\u65b0\uff08\u820a\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u7528 Protocol Buffers \u6216 Thrift \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u76f8\u540c tag ID \u537b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ccountryId \u548c countryName \u90fd\u662f tag 5\uff09\u3002
Protocol Buffers\u3001Thrift \u662f\u70ba\u4e86 RPC \u9019\u985e\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u683c\u5f0f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0","title":"\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0","text":"\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u6709\u653e\u7f6e\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u5176\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08self-describing\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u61c9\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Avro library\uff09\u6253\u958b\u9019\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7db1\u76ee\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53c8\u4fdd\u8b49\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u6703\u904e\u5927\u3002
\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982 Apache Pig\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u904e SQL \u8a9e\u6cd5\u5728 Hadoop \u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7522\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7db1\u76ee\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Avro \u6703\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u524d\u9762\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7db1\u76ee\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u8907\u7fd2\u5dee\u7570","title":"\u8907\u7fd2\u5dee\u7570","text":"Schema-less \u7de8\u78bc\uff08JSON\uff09\u6709\u5176\u512a\u9ede\uff1a
\u7136\u800c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u597d\u8655\uff1a
\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u7406\u89e3\u7de8\u78bc\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53bb\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u600e\u9ebc\u76f8\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u900f\u904e\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f\u4f86\u611f\u53d7\u4e00\u4e0b\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u3002
\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u7d66\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e26\u9810\u671f\u672a\u4f86\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u5fc5\u9808\u5411\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff08\u65b0\u7db1\u76ee\u8b80\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u50b3\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff08\u5beb\u9032\u78c1\u789f\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7db1\u76ee\u505a\u8b80\u53d6\u3002
\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u52d5\u7db1\u76ee\u90fd\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u78bc\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u66f4\u52d5\u7db1\u76ee\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u4ee5\u820a\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u70ba\u6e96\u3002 MySQL \u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u3002
\u7576\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u50b3\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\u7d66\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4ee5\u70ba\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u820a\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5411\u524d\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u820a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8986\u84cb\u6389\uff1a
\u9084\u6709\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u5099\u4efd\u6216\u8f38\u51fa\u7d66 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u628a\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u78bc\uff08\u505a ETL\uff09\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u591a\u500b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u53bb\u505a\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u65e2\u7136\u90fd\u8981\u532f\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u78bc\u9032\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u5169\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a","title":"\u5169\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a","text":"\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u9593\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u3001\u624b\u6a5f APP\uff09\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a
\u66b4\u9732\u63a5\u53e3\uff08API\uff09\u7684 REST/GraphQL\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4f9d\u7167\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u5305\u88dd\u8d77\u4f86\u7684 RPC/SOAP\u3002
\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a
\u7e3d\u7d50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cRPC/SOAP \u9069\u5408\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u547c\u53eb\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b REST/GraphQL \u9069\u5408\u5c0d\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u3001APP\uff09\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u9593\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u6e9d\u901a\u3002
Info
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728 RPC \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff1a
\u9019\u584a\u8f03\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53e6\u5916\u641c\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc
\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ecb\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e8c\u7a2e\u4e2d\u9593\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u900f\u904e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8655\u7406\u7de8\u78bc\uff1b \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u5354\u5546\u51fa\u4e00\u8d77\u7528\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u5247\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7a2e\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50b3\u905e\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406","title":"\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406","text":"\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u5e6b\u6211\u628a\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u3002\u6545\u800c\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u9001\u7d66\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6536\u5230\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
Message Broker Pattern using C#
\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u5176\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u5169\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u6e9d\u901a\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u4e4e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u9032\u884c\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u6703\u628a\u8a0a\u606f\u6d88\u5316\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u50b3\u7d66\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba \uff08\u518d\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u8f38\u51fa\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8986\u84cb\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u9019\u6bb5\u5230\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u6703\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u50c5\u8aaa\u660e\u5176\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7de8\u78bc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e32\u6d41\u5f0f\u67b6\u69cb","title":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e32\u6d41\u5f0f\u67b6\u69cb","text":"\u5176\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\uff08pub/sub\uff09\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u4e26\u4e14\u8f03\u9069\u5408\u8655\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u8a0a\u606f\u3002
Making sense of stream processing
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u67b6\u69cb\u5c0d\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u905e\u548c\u6574\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u4f86\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8a73\u7d30\u63d0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4f01\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u532f\u6d41\u6392","title":"\u4f01\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u532f\u6d41\u6392","text":"\u4f01\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u532f\u6d41\u6392\u70ba\u8f03\u5927\u578b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u6703\u8ca0\u8cac\u628a\u50b3\u905e\u4e2d\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u7d71\u4e00\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982 XML \u8f49\u6210 JSON\u3002
WIKI
\u4f46\u662f\u6162\u6162\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6703\u8d8a\u641e\u8d8a\u8907\u96dc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u6bcf\u500b\u904b\u884c\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u5176\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u9019\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u7a31\u70ba\u6f14\u54e1\uff08Actor\uff09\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u500b\u6f14\u54e1\u6703\u8ca0\u8cac\u8f38\u51fa\u300cHello World\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u50b3\u905e\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\u7d66\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u54e1\uff0c \u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u6211\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u500b\u8b8a\u6578 3\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5427\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u54e1\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u8f38\u51fa\u300cHello World\u300d\u4e09\u6b21\u3002
\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u9810\u8a2d\u5404\u6f14\u54e1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u5171\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u50b3\u905e\uff0c \u5c31\u597d\u50cf API \u4e00\u6a23\uff08\u985e\u4f3c RPC \u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\u3002
\u4ee5 Akka \u70ba\u4f8b\u4ee5 Java \u7684\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6 Akka \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
public class HelloWorld extends AbstractBehavior<HelloWorld.Command> {\n\ninterface Command {}\n\npublic enum SayHello implements Command {\n INSTANCE\n}\n\npublic static class ChangeMessage implements Command {\n public final String newMessage;\n\n public ChangeMessage(String newMessage) {\n this.newMessage = newMessage;\n }\n}\n\npublic static Behavior<Command> create() {\n return Behavior.setup(context -> new HelloWorld(context));\n}\n\nprivate String message = \"Hello World\";\n\nprivate HelloWorld(ActorContext<Command> context) {\n super(context);\n}\n\n@Override\npublic Receive<Command> createReceive() {\n return newReceiveBuilder()\n .onMessageEquals(SayHello.INSTANCE, this::onSayHello)\n .onMessage(ChangeMessage.class,this::onMessageChange)\n .build();\n}\n\nprivate Behavior<Command> onSayHello() {\n System.out.println(message);\n return this;\n}\n\nprivate Behavior<Command> onMessageChange(ChangeMessage command) {\n message = command.newMessage;\n return this;\n}\n}\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6f14\u54e1\u5728\u6536\u5230 SayHello.INSTANCE \u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c onSayHello\uff0c\u6536\u5230 ChangeMessage \u9019\u4e00\u985e\u5225\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6642\u6703\u57f7\u884c onMessageChange\u3002
\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6f14\u54e1\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u5287\u5834\u5de5\u4f5c\u56c9\uff1a
ActorSystem<HelloWorld.Command> mySystem = ActorSystem.create(HelloWorld.create(), \"MySystem\");\n\n// \u544a\u8a34\u6f14\u54e1 `HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE` \u9019\u5247\u8a0a\u606f\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\n// \u544a\u8a34\u6f14\u54e1 `HelloWorld.ChangeMessage` \u9019\u500b\u578b\u5225\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\nmySystem.tell(new HelloWorld.ChangeMessage(\"Hello Actor World!!\"));\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\n// \u6700\u5f8c\u8f38\u51fa\uff1a\n// Hello World\n// Hello World\n// Hello Actor World!!\n// Hello Actor World!!\nReferrer
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/","title":"\u8655\u7406\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1","text":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08HA\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u505a\u53d6\u6368\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1","title":"\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1","text":"\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u518d\u8aaa\u660e\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6b0a\u8861\u4e4b\u8a08\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a\u4fe1\u7bb1\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6709\u5c1a\u672a\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u6703\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u5c0e\u822a\u9801\u9762\u653e\u63d0\u793a\u7d05\u9ede\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u9084\u6709\u5e7e\u5c01\u4fe1\u9084\u6c92\u770b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b SQL \u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a
\u53d6\u5f97\u672a\u8b80\u4fe1\u4ef6\u6578\u91cfSELECT COUNT(*)\nFROM emails\nWHERE recipient_id = 2 AND unread_flag = true\n\u96a8\u8457\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f60\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u6703\u8b93 emails \u9019\u500b\u8868\u683c\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6b21\u6578\u8b8a\u5f97\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u628a\u672a\u8b80\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u984d\u5916\u5b58\u53d6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u683c\uff08\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u3002
\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u589e\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u518d\u9001\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u628a mailboxes \u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u6b04\u4f4d unread \u7684\u6578\u5b57\u52a0\u4e00\u3002
-- INSERT INTO emails ..\n-- \u65b0\u589e\u5b8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u672a\u8b80\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\nUPDATE mailboxes\nSET unread = unread + 1\nWHERE recipient_id = 2;\n\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u537b\u540c\u6642\u8b80\u53d6\u8a72\u503c\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u70ba\uff1aunread \u9084\u6c92\u589e\u52a0\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u8acb\u6c42\u5b58\u53d6\uff08write/read\uff09\u55ae\u4e00\uff08\u6216\u591a\u500b\uff09\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u300c\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6709 compare-and-set \u9019\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a72\u503c\u6578\u91cf\u5927\u65bc\u4e94\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6b78\u96f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u52a0\u4e00\u3002
\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u503c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a31\u4f5c Single-Object Operations\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u503c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a31\u70ba Multi-Object Operations\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u55ae\u6216\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8655\u7406\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\uff08\u591a\u53f0\uff09\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff08\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u670d\u52d9\uff09\u624d\u8b1b\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u64c1\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u907f\u514d\u5225\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u90f5\u4ef6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f \u4f7f\u7528\u8005 2 \u8981\u9ebb\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u6709\u65b0\u589e\u90f5\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u9ebb\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u90f5\u4ef6\u4e14\u6578\u91cf\u986f\u793a\u4e5f\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u986f\u793a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a
\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8b1b\u89e3\uff01
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\u4e26\u9054\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
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1975 \u5e74\uff0cIBM \u7684 System R \uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b SQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff09 \u9996\u958b\u5148\u6cb3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u9019\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08SQL DB\uff09\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86 2010 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0cNoSQL \u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u958b\u59cb\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c \u4e5f\u653e\u68c4\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u503c\uff08multi-object\uff09\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 \uff08\u55ae\u4e00\u503c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5f88\u8f15\u6613\u5c31\u80fd\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u591a\u503c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u537b\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\uff09\uff0c \u4e5f\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u9ad8\u64f4\u589e\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
ORM \u5c0d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u770b\u6cd5
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\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08eventual consistence\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u4ecb\u5165\u9084\u662f\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\u7684\u5fa9\u539f\uff09\u88e1\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u6703\u88ab\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u6700\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u616e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9810\u8a2d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u300d\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a\u8b80\u53d6\u548c\u5beb\u5165\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90f5\u4ef6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u8b80\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\uff08dirty read\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u8986\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\uff08dirty write\uff09\uff1a
\u56e0\u70ba Alice \u548c Bob \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5f7c\u6b64\u88ab\u8986\u5beb\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0e\u81f4\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u7834\u788e\u5316\uff1a\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8005\u662f Bob\uff0c\u767c\u7968\u4e0a\u7684\u6536\u4ef6\u8005\u537b\u662f Alice\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\uff08read committed\uff09\u3002\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9019\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u9396\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\u672c\u7b49\u7d1a\u3002
\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8907\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599
\u5982\u679c Alice \u548c Bob \u5148\u5f8c\u5b8c\u6210\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u65b9\u88ab\u8986\u5beb\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u53cd_\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599_\u3002\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u8986\u5beb\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u8cc7\u6599\u8907\u5beb\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6703\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8907\u88fd\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u8986\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u8986\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u7576\u5beb\u5165\u591a\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u9396\u4f4f\u5beb\u904e\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576 Alice \u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\uff08un-commit\uff09\u524d\uff0clistings id=1234 \u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u6703\u88ab\u9396\u4f4f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f Bob \u60f3\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7b49 Alice \u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u3002
\u5beb\u5165\u524d\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5
\u82e5\u4f60\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b Bob \u8986\u5beb\u6389 Alice \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u641c\u5c0b\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u518d\u5beb\u5165\u300d\uff08compare-and-set\uff09\u3002
sql \"\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u6c92\u6709\u8cb7\u5bb6\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\" UPDATE listings SET buyer = 'Bob' WHERE id = 1234 AND buyer = NULL
\u82e5\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u6b63\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u907f\u514d\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u4e26\u884c\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5927\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u80fd\uff08OLTP \u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u8b80\u53d6\u5c11\u91cf\u7570\u52d5\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u9396\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u50c5\u6703\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u5165\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b49\u7d1a\uff1a\u53ea\u8b80\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08no dirty read\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6b63\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8b80\u78c1\u789f\u88e1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u8b80\u53d6\u5230\u9084\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u7576\u6b63\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u505a\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u56de\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u3002
\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u50c5\u6709 Microsoft SQL Server \u7576\u8a2d\u5b9a read_committed_snapshot=off \u6642\u6703\u8b93\u9396\u4f4f\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u5c0d\u65bc\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u9593\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u770b\u5230\u6709\u672a\u8b80\u90f5\u4ef6\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u672a\u8b80\u90f5\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff08\u4e0d\u8b80\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff1a
\u6709\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u540c\u6642\u8b80\u53d6\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u548c\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u72c0\u614b\u6062\u5fa9\u539f\u72c0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u9084\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5716\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u504f\u659c\uff08read skew\uff09\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u8b80\u53d6\u52d5\u4f5c\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u7db2\u8def\u6392\u968a\u3001\u904b\u884c\u66ab\u505c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u88ab\u5ef6\u9072\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u50be\u659c\u7684\uff08\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u300c\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\u300d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9019\u500b\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7248\u672c\u4e26\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff08multi-version concurrency control\uff0cMVCC\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u9054\u6210\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u3002
\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e
\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u7a31\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\u70ba\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u8b80\u53d6\uff08repeatable read\uff09\u6216\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff08serializability\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u521d\u4ee5 System R \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684 SQL \u5354\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u8b80\u53d6\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4e86\u5ba3\u7a31\u5176\u6eff\u8db3 SQL \u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5beb\u9032\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8ad6\u658745\u7d66\u4e88\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e00\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u5ba3\u7a31\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6642\u4e26\u672a\u6eff\u8db3\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f IBM DB2 \u751a\u81f3\u628a\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7576\u6210\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2
\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u591a\u7248\u672c\u4e26\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u5c31\u662f\u66ff\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u6839\u64da\u7576\u4e0b\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u7248\u672c\u865f\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7248\u672c\u865f\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u4ea4\u6613\u7de8\u865f\uff08transaction ID\uff0ctxid\uff09\u3002
\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u5230\u7684_\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599_\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u64c1\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4ea4\u6613\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6642\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08un-committed\uff09\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\uff08committed\uff09\u5f8c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u50c5\u4f5c\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53ea\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u57f7\u884c\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c31\u6703\u81ea\u5df1\u64c1\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6642\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u65bc\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u3002
\u7576\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u505a\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u76f4\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8a08\u6578\u5668\u7d66\u4e88\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f txid=12\uff09\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b63\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5f85\u6703\u672c\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u5c0f\u65bc\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7de8\u865f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f txid=13 \u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\uff09\u3002
\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002
\u8ce6\u503c\u7684\u8a08\u6578\u5668\u7576\u5927\u65bc\u4e00\u56fa\u5b9a\u6578\u6642\u662f\u6703\u6b78\u96f6\u91cd\u7b97\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u6709\u63d0\u904e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c_\u591a\u7248\u672c\u4e26\u884c\u63a7\u5236_\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8003\u616e\u9032\u53bb\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u984d\u5916\u7684\u529f\u53bb\u8abf\u6574\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
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CouchDB\u3001Datomic\u3001LMDB \u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 B-Tree \u505a\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6a5f\u5236\u537b\u662f append-only/copy-on-write\u3002\u7576\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u66f4\u52d5\u820a\u7684\u9801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u9801\u4e26\u8b93\u5b83\u53d6\u4ee3\u820a\u9801\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u5047\u9ad4\u5224\u5b9a","title":"\u5047\u9ad4\u5224\u5b9a","text":"\u91ab\u751f\u503c\u73ed\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8a02\u7968\u7cfb\u7d71\u88ab\u8d85\u8a02\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u9810\u7d04\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a
\u82e5\u6709\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u9810\u7d04BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n\nSELECT COUNT(*) FROM bookings -- (1)\nWHERE room_id = 123 AND\nend_time > '2015-01-01 12:00' AND start_time < '2015-01-01 13:00';\n\nINSERT INTO bookings(room_id, start_time, end_time, user_id) -- (2)\nVALUES (123, '2015-01-01 12:00', '2015-01-01 13:00', 666);\n\nCOMMIT;\nCOUNT(\\*) == 0\uff09\u9019\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0d\u50cf\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u91ab\u751f\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u503c\uff08on_call=true\uff09\u505a\u5224\u65b7\uff1b\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9810\u7d04\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u503c\uff08time IN (start, end)\uff09\u505a\u5224\u65b7\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u9650\u5236\u72c0\u614b","title":"\u9650\u5236\u72c0\u614b","text":"\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7d66\u4e88\u9650\u5236\uff08constraint\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 SQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5e38\u898b\u7684 UNIQUE\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u6236\uff1a
SELECT COUNT(*) -- (1)\nFROM users\nWHERE user_account = 'new_user'\n\nINSERT INTO users(user_id, user_account) -- (2)\nVALUES (123, 'new_user');\nnew_userCOUNT(*) == 0\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u66ff user_account \u6dfb\u52a0\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u55ae\u4e00\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6642\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u6236\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396","title":"\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396","text":"\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396\uff08(Strong Strict) Two-phase locking\uff0c(SS)2PL\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u5beb\u5165\u6642\uff0c \u907f\u514d\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6613\u8b80\u53d6\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9","title":"\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9","text":"\u4f60\u5f88\u96e3\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u78ba\u5b9a\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9054\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u61c9\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u505a\u597d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u6e2c\u8a66\u662f\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff09\u3002
\u5373\u4f7f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5ba3\u7a31\u4ed6\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u6cc1\u4f60\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u505a\u597d\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u5728\u958b\u767c\u6642\u8003\u616e\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 \u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u66b8\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5340\u5206\u300267
\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8003\u616e\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u8207\u5176\u8003\u616e\u6548\u80fd\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\u907f\u514d\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u300d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u6642\u5e38\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u5de5\u6642\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u2014\u2014 Spanner\uff1aGoogle \u7684\u5168\u7403\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff082012\uff09
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u4fee\u5fa9\u5beb\u5165\u885d\u7a81","title":"\u4fee\u5fa9\u5beb\u5165\u885d\u7a81","text":"\u4e0d\u8ad6\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7dda\u6027\uff09\u90fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8907\u5beb\uff08\u5728\u4e0d\u9000\u56de\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c \u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6\u600e\u9ebc\u6574\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u6642\u4fee\u6539\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u5169\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6539\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u8986\u84cb\u6389\u3002
\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c24\u5176\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u5728\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d30\u7bc0\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7559\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8907\u88fd\uff08replicated\uff09\u518d\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u6574\u5408\u591a\u500b\u4fee\u6539\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8981\u5be6\u4f5c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u54ea\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u6642\u662f\u6703\u628a\u5404\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff01
Methods Dirty-read Dirty-write Read Skew Write Skew \u8a3b \u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u9396 X O X X - \u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u518d\u63a8\u9032\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab O X X X - MVCC / DCC / OCC \u25b3 \u25b3 O X - \u5be6\u969b\u5e8f\u5217\u5316 O O O O \u8017\u6642\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6703\u7279\u6b8a\u8655\u7406 2PL \u25b3 O \u25b3 O - SSI \u25b3 \u25b3 O O -/\u25b3 \u4ee3\u8868\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u907f\u514d\u8a72\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u7528\u66f4\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 dirty-write \u6703\u7528\u9396\u4f86\u505a\u3002 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6d88\u5316\u5f8c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6709\u932f\u6b61\u8fce\u7cfe\u6b63\uff01
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/tr-95-51.pdf \u21a9
http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/adya-phd.pdf \u21a9
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0309.pdf \u21a9
http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/adya-phd.pdf \u21a9
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0309.pdf \u21a9
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/tr-95-51.pdf \u21a9
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0309.pdf \u21a9
\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u6703\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u9019\u6b21\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\u5feb\u901f\u5f9e\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u842c\u7b46\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u6211\u60f3\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 123\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77 10000 \u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u500b\u4e09\u4e94\u6b21\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u3002
\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u8b1b Index \u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u7d14\u7528 bash \u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a
db_set () {\n echo \"$1,$2\" >> database\n}\n\ndb_get () {\n grep \"^$1,\" database | sed -e \"s/^$1,//\" | tail -n 1\n}\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u6709\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff08\u8edf\u9ad4\u9762\uff09\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a31\u70ba log\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\uff08append\uff09\u6587\u5b57\u81f3\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6703\u8003\u616e\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5132\u5b58\u904e\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u65b0\u589e\u81f3\u6a94\u6848\u5c3e\u8655\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u6e05\u9664\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304\u3002
Info
\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u672a\u8003\u616e\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u591a\u5de5\u8655\u7406\u3001\u6e05\u9664\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304\u3001\u5bb9\u932f\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u6bc0\u640d
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u8b80\u904e\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u9577\u5169\u500d\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u6703\u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u5169\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u554f\u984c\uff0cIndex \u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0b\u984d\u5916\u5efa\u7acb\u7684 metadata\uff0c\u4e26\u7576\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u9700\u8981\u300c\u5beb\u5165\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u9019\u4efd metadata\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u300c\u8b80\u53d6\u300d\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u72a7\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u300c\u5beb\u5165\u300d\u6548\u80fd\u3002
Info
\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5e38\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u505a\u6b0a\u8861\uff0c\u82e5\u60c5\u5883\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u90a3\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u8003\u616e\u6dfb\u52a0 index\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868 key-value \u4e2d\u7684 key \u6216\u8005\u8aaa RMDBS \u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15\uff08primary index\uff09
\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a user \u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u5e74\u7d00\u5c0f\u65bc 30 \u6b72\u4e14\u6708\u6536\u5165\u5927\u65bc 500 \u584a\u7684 user\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u7d22\u5f15\u5206\u5225\u662f\u5e74\u9f61\u548c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46
\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u5f9e n\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u767e\u842c\uff09\u8b8a\u6210 ln(n)\uff08\u641c\u5c0b\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e09\u6b21\uff09\uff0c \u5728\u627e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u7fa4\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 index\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba index \u8868\u683c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002
Info
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff08R-Tree\uff09\u5141\u8a31\u591a\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u505a\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002
[1,5,10]\n [1,3,5] [6,8,10]\n[1,2,3] [4,5] [6,7,8] [9,10]\n\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0c\u627e\u5230 1~3 \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u505a filter\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u6563\u5217\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u6563\u5217\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u4ee5 in-memory \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d00\u9304 key \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a
key offset 1 411 42 3931,{\"a\":\"b\"}\n2,{\"c\":\"d\"}\n...\n42,{\"e\":\"f\"}\n1,{\"g\":\"h\"}\n\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u65b0\u589e key-value \u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u66f4\u65b0\u8a72 hash index\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u554f\u984c","title":"\u554f\u984c","text":"\u7576\u6a94\u6848\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u6642\uff1a
Info
\u6b64\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u80cc\u666f\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u82e5\u57f7\u884c\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u6709\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f7f\u7528\u820a\u7684 segment\uff0c \u6700\u5f8c\u58d3\u7e2e\u6574\u5408\u5b8c\u7562\u5f8c\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684 segment\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u820a\u7684 segment \u522a\u9664\u3002
\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u5728 segment 1 \u4e2d\u7684 hash index \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8a72 key\uff0c\u5c31\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b segment \u627e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u7f3a\u9ede","title":"\u7f3a\u9ede","text":"animal \u70ba\u958b\u982d\u7684\u9375\u503c\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u8a72\u67b6\u69cb\u539f\u5148\u7a31 Log-Structured Merge-Tree\uff08LSM-Tree\uff09\uff0c \u5f8c\u4fee\u6b63\u90e8\u5206\u884c\u70ba\u5f8c\u65bc \u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c \u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\uff08 Sorted String Tables\uff0cSSTables\uff09\u3002
\u5982\u540c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 Hash index\uff0c\u6703\u628a index \u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u500b segment \u6a94\u6848\u3002 SSTable \u5728\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c segment \u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u78ba\u4fdd\u6bcf\u500b segment \u7684 key \u662f\u7368\u7acb\uff08non-overlapping\uff09\u4e14\u6392\u5e8f\uff08sorted\uff09\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a
\u5728\u505a merge \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4e14\u7701\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a
\u5132\u5b58 index \u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6bcf\u500b key \u90fd\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\uff0c\u5b58\u7279\u5b9a\u5e7e\u500b key \u518d\u5f9e\u4e2d\u9593\u627e\u5c31\u597d\uff1a | key | offset | | --- | ------ | | 1 | 0 | | 42 | 393 |
\u7576\u6211\u8981\u627e key 30 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u627e 0 \u5230 393 \u5373\u53ef\u3002
\u56e0\u70ba\u5132\u5b58\u7684 index \u662f\u758f\u6563\uff08sparse\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 key \u548c key \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e\uff1a \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8868\u683c\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0ckey 1 \u5230 key 42 \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e\uff08compress\uff09\u3002
\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e3d\u7d50 SSTables \u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u7576\u6a5f\u5668\u58de\u6389\u6642\uff0cin-memory \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u6703\u907a\u5931\uff1f
\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u5373\u6642 append \u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c \u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u6bcf\u6b21 in-memory \u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8ddf\u8457\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ea\u7528\u4f86\u7576\u6a5f\u5668\u91cd\u555f\u6642\uff0c \u91cd\u65b0\u653e\u9032 in-memory \u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#sstable-\u61c9\u7528","title":"SSTable \u61c9\u7528","text":"Info
\u96d6\u7136 Lucene \u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u6bd4\u8d77 key-value \u7684\u6aa2\u7d22\u8981\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\uff0c \u4f46\u5176\u908f\u8f2f\u985e\u4f3c\uff1a\u4ee5 search words \u4f5c\u70ba key\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u7684 ID \u4f5c\u70ba value\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u88dc\u5145","title":"\u88dc\u5145","text":"\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u7b56\u7565\u3002
\u66f4\u591a\u8a73\u60c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 LevelDB \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#b-tree","title":"B-Tree","text":"1970 \u5e74\u5c31\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u505a Index \u6642\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u820a\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b B-Tree \u5247\u6703\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u505a\u58d3\u7e2e\u548c\u6574\u5408\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c
\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5340\u5206\u6210\u591a\u500b\u5c0f\u584a\uff08blocks/page\uff09
ref \u6578\u91cf\u4ee3\u8868 branching factor\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5373\u662f 6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6578\u91cf\u70ba\u6578\u767e\u3002 \u6bcf\u584a 4 KB\uff0cbranching factor 500\uff0c\u5171 4 \u5c64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58 256 TB \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf
\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u7de8\u8f2f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u5230\u8a72 val \u66f4\u65b0\u5373\u53ef\u3002 \u7576\u8d85\u904e branching factor \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5c0d\u534a\u62c6\u958b\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c64\u653e\uff1a
\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u65bc Log-Structure \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cwrite \u7684\u6548\u7387\u6703\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6","text":"\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u591a\u4e00\u7a2e\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u591a\u4e00\u5c64\u8003\u616e
1970 \u5e74\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u512a\u5316\uff1a
\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u985e\u578b\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u53c3\u8003\uff1a
\u7d30\u7bc0\uff1a
\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u9664\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u7d22\u5f15\u5916\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5176\u70ba \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \uff08secondary indexes\uff09\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u985e\u7684 index \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981 unique\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u6216\u6708\u6536\u5165\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
[user-1, user-10]1_09123-*user data*\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u5b8c\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5728\u591a\u500b index \u7684 tree \u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u9032
\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5806\u7a4d\u6a94\uff08heap file\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u591a\u500b\u76f8\u540c \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u3002
\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6a94\u6848\u6709\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684 [user-1, user-10]\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u5132\u5b58
# ID,Name,Year,Salary\n1,John,20,500\n10,Marry,20,550\n\u800c \u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15 \u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u662f\u5132\u5b58 \u5806\u7a4d\u6a94 \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 user-10 \u7684 value \u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f file1-40\uff08\u7b2c 40 \u500b byte \u958b\u59cb\u7b97\u8d77\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981
\u7fa4\u805a\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\uff08clustered index\uff09\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc \u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15 \uff0c\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u4ee3\u8868\u5b58\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 \u7576\u900f\u904e \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \u627e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7fa4\u805a\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u6642\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u5176\u627e\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u4ee5 MySQL \u7684 InnoDB \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b \u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15 \u5c31\u662f \u7fa4\u805a\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u9700\u8981\uff1a
\u6709\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u6703\u5728 \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b58\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u7a31\u5176\u70ba covering index\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\u53ea\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u5728 clustered index\u3002
cover \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u50c5\u5132\u5b58\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8907\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5 cover \u4e00\u4e9b\u641c\u5c0b\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u4f46\u662f covering index \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u53bb\u7dad\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u6bcf\u6b21 query \u53ea\u6703\u53c3\u8003\u4e00\u500b \u7d22\u5f15 \u3002\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u500b \u7d22\u5f15 \u53bb\u505a\u7be9\u9078\u6703\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6211\u8981\u641c\u5c0b\u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\u5728 51.5151 122.122122 \u7684\u5546\u5e97\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u628a\u7def\u5ea6\u4f5c \u7d22\u5f15 \uff0c \u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u641c\u5c0b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7d93\u5ea6\u5728 -180~180 \u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u641e\u5f97\u6709 \u7d22\u5f15 \u8ddf\u6c92 \u7d22\u5f15 \u4e00\u6a23\u3002
\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 concatenated index\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5169\u500b \u7d22\u5f15 \u6574\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u641c\u5c0b\u59d3\u548c\u540d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u59d3\u548c\u540d\u7684 concatenated index\uff1a\u738b \u5c0f\u660e\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u7576\u641c\u5c0b\u689d\u4ef6\u6539\u6210\u5c0f\u660e \u738b\uff1f
\u6bd4\u8d77 concatenated index\uff0c\u66f4\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u5132\u5b58 index \u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a R-Tree\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u591a\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684 \u7d22\u5f15 \u5834\u666f\u6709\uff1a
\u6709\u6642\u8981\u641c\u5c0b\u7684 \u7d22\u5f15 \u662f\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e32\u6587\u5b57\u53c8\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5728\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\uff1a
\u5982\u540c \u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868 \u6703\u5229\u7528\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u9375\uff08sparse keys\uff09\u53bb\u6e1b\u5c11 Index \u7684\u5132\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c Lucene \u7684\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e5f\u6703\u628a\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5b57\u5143\u4f5c\u70ba\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u9375 \uff08\u985e\u4f3c trie \u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff091\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6a21\u7cca\u641c\u5c0b\uff08fuzzy search\uff09\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684 \u6a21\u7cca\u7d22\u5f15 \uff08fuzzy index\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u985e\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032\u6a94\u6848\uff08filesystem\uff09\u548c\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u5b58\u9032\u5167\u5b58\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08RAM\uff09\u6bd4\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u500b\u597d\u8655
\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a filesystem \u5728\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6a5f\u5236\uff1aIndex\u3001File \u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6578\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u8fd1\u4f86 RAM \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u4e14\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u5927\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u4fbf\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08in-memory database\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7a2e\u985e\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\u4e0d\u63a5\u89f8 filesystem\uff0c\u5176\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u904e\u89e3\u6790\uff08parse\uff09\uff0c \u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u89e3\u6790\u6240\u9700\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u9019\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8b93\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5141\u8a31\u66f4\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f47\u5217\uff08queue\uff09\u6216\u53e2\u96c6\uff08set\uff09\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f86\u4e5f\u6709\u9700\u591a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8b93\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u5167\u5b58\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7576\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u8ca0\u8377\u6642\uff0c \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u628a\u6700\u4e45\u6c92\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u9032 filesystem \u4e2d\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c OS \u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u537b\u66f4\u70ba\u7cbe\u6e96\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u50c5\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u7d44\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5340\u584a\u3002
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.652 \u21a9
\u958b\u767c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u554f\u984c\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7a2e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6587\u672b\u6703\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\u50c5\u4ee5 Hierarchical Tree \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u7576\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5230\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\uff08many-to-many\uff09\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u56f0\u5883\u3002
\u800c\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u518d\u6eff\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u591a\u505a\u4e00\u5c64\u8f49\u63db\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u5feb\u901f\u505a scaling \u7b49\u7b49\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u76f8\u7e7c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u95dc\u4fc2","title":"\u95dc\u4fc2","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u6703\u6709\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5427\uff01
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a","title":"\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a","text":"\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u591a","title":"\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\uff08\u591a\uff09","text":"\u300c\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u300d\u548c\u300c\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u300d\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u82e5\u8cbc\u6587\u53ea\u770b\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u300d\u3002
\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u96e3\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4e14\u96e3\u4ee5 query\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u64b0\u5beb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb","title":"\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb","text":"Conference on Data System Language(CODASYL)\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002
\u6bcf\u500b\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u6a39\uff0c\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u6703\u6709\u5e74\u7d00\u548c\u8077\u696d\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u627e\u5230\u300c\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u7684\u8077\u696d\u300d\u3002
MOVE 'ACCOUNTANT' TO TITLE IN JOB.\nFIND FIRST JOB USING TITLE.\n IF NOT-FOUND GO TO EXIT.\n FIND FIRST EMP WITHIN ASSIGN.\n IF END-OF-SET GO TO 0.\n GET EMP.\n IF EMP.BIRTHYR I 1950 GO TO N.\n FIND OWNER WITHIN WORKS-IN.\n GET DEPT.\n ...\n FIND NEXT EMP WITHIN ASSIGN.\n GO TO M.\n FIND NEXT JOB USING TITLE.\n GO TO L.\nEXIT.\nQuote
RH Katz.: \"Decompiling CODASYL DML into Relational Queries.\", 1982
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u505a\u9019\u7a2e\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u611b\u83ab\u80fd\u52a9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","text":"Edgar Codd \u5728 1970 \u7684 A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a
\u56e0\u70ba\u95dc\u4fc2\u88ab\u62bd\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0b\uff0c\u7be9\u9078\uff08WHERE\uff09\u548c\u8abf\u6574\u9806\u5e8f\uff08SORT BY\uff09\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u806f\u5408\uff08JOIN\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08consistency\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6bcf\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8077\u7a31\uff0c\u5728\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u4e2d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08table\uff09\u7684 ID \u53bb\u505a\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8077\u7a31\u6539\u8b8a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u8077\u7a31\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u88e1\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u6240\u6709\u548c\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8077\u7a31\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668","title":"\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668","text":"\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u770b\u5230\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u537b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
SQL \u662f\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6642\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5354\u5b9a\u3002SQL \u5728\u63a8\u51fa\u6642\u6709\u500b\u5275\u65b0\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u6cdb\u7528\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6bcf\u6b21\u641c\u5c0b\u90fd\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d30\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u5f85\u6703\u6703\u5728\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u5404\u500b\u67e5\u8a62\uff08\u67e5\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u67e5\u7559\u8a00\uff09\uff0c\u53bb\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u90a3\u822c\u3002
\u7d50\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8d77\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u641c\u5c0b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u5fc3\u529b\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u6cdb\u7528\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u800c\u6b77\u53f2\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u8f03\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u597d\u50cf\u53c8\u5982\u540c\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u8cc7\u6599\u90a3\u822c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u67e5\u8a62\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u5929\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d70\u56de\u982d\u8def\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f
\u78ba\u5be6\u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u6216\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u50cf\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u90a3\u9ebc\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u505a\u806f\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u900f\u904e\u6587\u4ef6\u53c3\u8003\uff08document reference\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\u975e\u5e38\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u4e00\u6a23\u6709\u5404\u7a2e join \u548c group\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u505a\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5f8c\u9762\u505a\u8907\u88fd\uff08replication\uff09\u548c\u5206\u5340\uff08partition\uff09\u6642\u548c\u8003\u616e\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\u66f4\u80fd\u9ad4\u6703\u5230\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u7db1\u76eeschema","title":"\u7db1\u76ee\uff08schema\uff09","text":"\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5be6\u969b\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ID 123 \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d93\u6b77\u300d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b
SELECT experience FROM experience_relation WHERE use_id=123 AND index=3\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b
db.get(\"users.123.experiences.3\");\n\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u548c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff08row\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u6709 user_id \u548c index\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u4f60\u65b0\u589e\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u820a\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u90fd\u6703\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u4ed6\u7684\u503c\u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u6a5f\u5236\u505a\u6bd4\u8f03\u8edf\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u8a2d\u6240\u6709\u820a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba null \u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u5f37\u5236\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u6d17\u4e00\u904d\uff08MySQL \u9664\u5916\uff09\u3002
\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5247\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u50c5\u5728\u6211\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6211\u9810\u8a2d\u4ed6\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u503c\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u7e3d\u7d50\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6703\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u8cc7\u6599\u4fdd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba schema-on-write\u3002
\u53cd\u4e4b\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u9810\u8a2d\u4ed6\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7db1\u76ee\u8f03\u70ba\u96b1\u6666\uff0c\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u53bb\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba schema-on-read\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u7db1\u76ee\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u505a\u8abf\u6574\u5916\u4e5f\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u624b\u8173\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u50c5\u9700\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u505a\u624b\u8173\u3002
\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\u5225\uff1f
\u9019\u6bb5\u7d30\u7bc0\u6703\u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u548c\u9032\u7a0b\u505a\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916","title":"\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916","text":"\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u6709
\u8cc7\u6599\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u5b8c\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u9ede\u9910\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8a2d\u8a08\u597d\u7684\u83dc\u55ae\u62ff\u4f86\u6e32\u67d3\u51fa\u9ede\u9910\u9801\u9762\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9700\u8981\u5404\u7a2e\u806f\u5408\uff08join\uff09\u548c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c table \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u53ea\u8981\u62ff\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u672c\u5730\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u53bb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u62ff\u3002
\u518d\u4f86\uff0c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u8f49\u63db\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u6703\u662f k-v \u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f class \u6216\u662f map/array \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u908a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e09\u9ede\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u524d\u7528\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7528\u7684\u5f88\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u9019\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u6839\u64da\u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u611f\u60f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 Firestore \u662f\u9069\u7528\u5728\u651c\u5e36\u578b\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08mobile device\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u540c\u6b65\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u8b93\u4ed6\u597d\u7528\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5c11\u4e86\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u6536\u6582","title":"\u6536\u6582","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5176\u5be6\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u50cf\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\uff0c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u4e0a\u624b\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u591a\u5c0d\u591a","title":"\u591a\u5c0d\u591a","text":"\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ef\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u65bc\uff1a
\u96d6\u7136\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u503c\u6027\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u503c\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 Facebook \u7684\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6703\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u6253\u5361\u3001\u7559\u8a00\u7b49\u7b49\u7576\u6210\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u5b58\u6210\u4e00\u5f35\u5927\u8868\u3002
\u4ee5\u66f8\u4e2d\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4f86\u505a\u8b1b\u89e3\uff0c\u7bc0\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u540c\u503c\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u9019\u908a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5206\u754c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u7684 departement \u548c\u82f1\u570b\u7684 country\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u4e2d\u5c64\u7d1a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u610f\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u5982\u679c\u662f\u505a\u6210\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8868\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u3002
\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u7dda\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7dda\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9ede\u548c\u9ede\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7fa9\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5e7e\u9ede\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e7e\u6de8\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u8abf\u6574\u7db1\u76ee\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ce6\u4e88\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f48\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7a2e\u985e","title":"\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7a2e\u985e","text":"\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb
\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b\uff08property graphs model\uff09
\u4e09\u5143\u7d44\u6a21\u578b\uff08triple-stores model\uff09
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u5176\u5be6\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u7570\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u6642\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u611f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u6bcf\u500b\u9ede\u548c\u7dda\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a
\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6642\u9ebc\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u9577\u6210\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\uff1a
CREATE TABLE vertices (\n vertex_id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n vertex_type text,\n properties json\n)\nCREATE TABLE edges (\n edge_id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n tail_vertex integer REFERENCES vertices (vertex_id),\n head_vertex integer REFERENCES vertices (vertex_id),\n label text,\n properties json\n)\n\u4ee5 Neo4j \u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff1a
CREATE\n /* vertices */\n (NAmerica:Location {name:'North America', type:'continent'}),\n ( USA:Location {name:'United States', type:'country' }),\n ( Idaho:Location {name:'Idaho', type:'state' }),\n ( Lucy:Person {name:'Lucy'}),\n /* edges */\n (Idaho) -[:WITHIN]-> (USA) -[:WITHIN]-> (NAmerica),\n (Lucy) -[:BORN_IN]-> (Idaho)\n\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5df2\u7d93\u5e6b\u4f60\u9810\u8a2d\u597d\u7db1\u76ee\u8981\u9577\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u6dfb\u52a0\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u6703\u8981\u8dd1\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u82e5\u8981\u627e\u300c\u6240\u6709\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u300d\u9019\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u76f8\u95dc query\uff1a
MATCH\n (Person) -[:BORN_IN]-> () -[:WITHIN*0..]-> (us:Location {name:'United States'}),\n (Person) -[:LIVES_IN]-> () -[:WITHIN*0..]-> (en:Location {name:'Europe'}),\nRETURN Person.name\n\u9019\u500b\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u8b93\u67e5\u8a62\u900f\u904e\u8f03\u70ba\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5728\u610f\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a72\u5f9e\u4eba\u53bb\u4f9d\u5e8f\u627e\u4e0b\u53bb\u9084\u662f\u5f9e\u6700\u4e0a\u5c64\u7684\u5730\u5340\u5f80\u4e0b\u627e\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u4eba\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9084\u6709\u300c\u63a8\u85a6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9910\u5ef3\uff1a\u6709\u54ea\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u6709\u5728\u6c92\u53bb\u904e\u7684\u9910\u5ef3\u6253\u5361\uff1f\u300d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u4e09\u5143\u7d44\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u4e09\u5143\u7d44\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u548c\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u7570\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4ee5 (subject,predicate,object) \u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8a5e\u3001\u8853\u8a9e\u3001\u53d7\u8a5e\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff1a
@prefix : <urn:example:>. (1)\n_:lucy a :Person; :name \"Lucy\"; :bornIn _:idaho.\n_:idaho a :Location; :name \"Idaho\"; :type \"state\"; :within _:usa\n_:usa a :Loaction; :name \"United States\"; :type \"country\"; :within _:namerica.\n_:namerica a :Location; :name \"North America\"; :type \"continent\".\n\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u9054\u683c\u5f0f\u662f Turtle \u683c\u5f0f\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4f7f\u7528 SPARQL \u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff1a
PREFIX : <urn:example:>\nSELECT ?personName WHERE {\n ?person :name ?personName.\n ?person :bornIn / :within* / :name \"United States\".\n ?person :livesIn / :within* / :name \"Europe\".\n}\nSPARQL\uff08sparkle\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u8cc7\u6599\u5e73\u53f0\u73a9\u73a9\u770b
\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u96e3\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00","title":"\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00","text":"\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08query language\uff09\u9019\u88e1\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u62c9\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u6216\u9078\u64c7\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u9762\u5c07\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u70ba\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","title":"\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","text":"\u4ee5 JavaScript \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
return animals.filter((animal) => animal.family === \"Sharks\");\n\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u600e\u9ebc\u6536\u96c6\u7be9\u9078\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6703\u5206\u6563\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7dda\u7a0b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc SQL
SELECT * FROM animals WHERE family = 'Sharks'\n\u4ee5 JavaScript \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
function getSharks(animals) {\n var sharks = [];\n for (var i = 0; i < animals.length; i++) {\n if (animals[i].family === \"Sharks\") {\n sharks.push(animals[i]);\n }\n }\n return sharks;\n}\n\u4f60\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u53bb\u600e\u9ebc\u8dd1\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e5f\u95e1\u660e\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u7d50\u679c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u597d\u8655","title":"\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u597d\u8655","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6bcf\u6708\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u9bca\u9b5a\u6578\u300d\u4f86\u505a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
db.observations.mapReduce(\n // (1)\n function map() {\n var year = this.observationTimestamp.getFullYear();\n var month = this.observationTimestamp.getMonth() + 1;\n emit(year + \"-\" + month, this.numAnimals);\n },\n // (2)\n function reduce(key, values) {\n return Array.sum(values);\n },\n {\n query: { family: \"Sharks\" }, // (3)\n out: \"monthlySharkReport\",\n }\n);\n\u4e0a\u8868\u662f MongoDB MapReduce \u7684\u64f4\u5145\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002MapReduce \u4e4b\u5f8c\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u6703\u8b1b\u3002
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u4ecb\u65bc\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u548c\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c 11 \u884c\u5c31\u662f\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7be9\u9078\u7a2e\u985e\u70ba\u9bca\u9b5a\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u4e0d\u592a\u51fa\u4f86\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff1a
Prolog\uff08Programming in Logic\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u64b0\u5beb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e9\u5728 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4ee5 Prolog \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u5883\u300c\u767c\u751f\u4e00\u5834\u547d\u6848\uff0c\u8acb\u900f\u904e\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u627e\u51fa\u8ab0\u5728\u8aaa\u8b0a\u300d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u8ab0\u5728\u8aaa\u8b0a\uff1a
% \u5b9a\u7fa9\u8b49\u8a5e\ntestimony(a, friend(b)). % (1)\ntestimony(a, enemy(c)).\ntestimony(b, out_of_town(b)).\ntestimony(b, stranger(b)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(c)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(a)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(b)).\n\n% \u5ba3\u544a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u7684\ninconsistent(friend(X), enemy(X)).\ninconsistent(friend(X), stranger(X)).\ninconsistent(enemy(X), stranger(X)).\ninconsistent(out_of_town(X), in_town(X)).\n\n% \u627e\u51fa\u8aaa\u8b0a\u8005\nlier(L) :-\n member(L, [a, b, c]), % \u5f9e a, b, c \u4e2d\u62c9\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53eb L(lier)\n select(L, [a, b, c], Witness), % \u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u7b97\u9032\u8b49\u4eba\n consistent(Witness). % \u8b49\u4eba\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\n\n% \u7fa4\u7d44\u4e2d\u5927\u5bb6\u8b49\u8a5e\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\nconsistent(W) :-\n \\+ inconsistent_testimony(W).\n\n% \u7fa4\u7d44\u4e2d\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\ninconsistent_testimony(W) :-\n member(X, W), % \u5f9e\u7fa4\u7d44\u4e2d\u6311\u51fa X \u548c Y\n member(Y, W),\n X \\= Y, % X \u548c Y \u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\n testimony(X, XT), % \u62ff\u51fa X \u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u8a5e\n testimony(Y, YT), % \u62ff\u51fa Y \u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u8a5e\n inconsistent(XT, YT). % \u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u7684\ntestimony(a, knew(b)).\ntestimony(a, knew(c)).\ntestimony(a, innocent(a)).\ntestimony(b, out_of_town(b)).\ntestimony(b, stranger(b)).\ntestimony(c, innocent(c)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(a)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(b)).\n\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u96e3\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u985e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6703\u628a\u908f\u8f2f\u653e\u5728\u8166\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u5be6\u4f5c\u5beb\u6210\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
Datalog
Datalog \u662f Prolog\uff08Programming in Logic\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5c31\u50cf SQL \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u898f\u7bc4\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cDatalog \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ecc\u7bc4\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u53bb\u5be6\u8e10\u5b83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 Cascalog\u3002
within_recursive(Location, Name) :- name(Location, Name). /* (1) */\n\nwithin_recursive(Location, Name) :- within(Location, BiggerLoc),\n within_recursive(BiggerLoc, Name).\n\nmigrated(Name, BornIn, LivingIn) :- name(Person, Name),\n born_in(Person, BornLoc),\n within_recursive(BornLoc, BornIn),\n lives_in(Person, LivingLoc),\n within_recursive(LivingLoc, LivingIn).\n\n?- migrated(Who, 'United States', 'Europe').\n/* Who = 'Lucy'. */\nwithin \u5c31\u53d6\u540d\u7a31\u3002Datalog \u5ba3\u544a\u6c92\u6709\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u548c Prolog \u76f8\u53cd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u9019\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u672a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u6642\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c3\u8003\u3002
\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5be6\u4f5c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d6\u6368\u3002
\u88dc\u5145\uff1a
\u7c21\u8981\u8aaa\u660e
\u672c\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868\u50c5\u7c21\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u5404\u500b\u8a5e\u4ee3\u8868\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8207\u61c9\u5834\u666f\u7b49\u7b49\u8acb\u770b\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7570\u6b65","title":"\u7570\u6b65","text":"asynchronous
\u547c\u53eb\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7db2\u8def\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\u3002\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6703\u5047\u8a2d\u5176\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u540c\u6b65
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u539f\u5b50\u6027","title":"\u539f\u5b50\u6027","text":"atomic
back-pressure
\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u8cc7\u6599\u901f\u5ea6\u8f03\u6162\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u50b3\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","title":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","text":"batch process
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u5927\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a08\u7b97\u5f8c\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4fee\u6539\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6e90\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u908a\u754c","title":"\u908a\u754c","text":"bounded
\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u6216\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u60c5\u6cc1\u548c\u53e2\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u7121\u908a\u754c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u932f\u8aa4","title":"\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u932f\u8aa4","text":"Byzantine fault
\u8868\u73fe\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7570\u5e38\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u767c\u9001\u77db\u76fe\u6216\u60e1\u610f\u8a0a\u606f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5feb\u53d6","title":"\u5feb\u53d6","text":"cache
\u4e00\u7a2e\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5132\u5b58\u6700\u8fd1\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u672a\u4f86\u5c0d\u76f8\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5c11\u67d0\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c64\u8f03\u6162\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7372\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#cap","title":"CAP","text":"CAP theorem
\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8aa4\u89e3\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2","title":"\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2","text":"causality
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5c0d\u65e9\u671f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u6839\u64da\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5171\u8b58","title":"\u5171\u8b58","text":"consensus
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8b93\u5e7e\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u540c\u610f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54ea\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\uff09\u3002\u554f\u984c\u6bd4\u4e4d\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8981\u56f0\u96e3\u5f97\u591a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","text":"data warehouse
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","title":"\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","text":"declarative
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316","title":"\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316","text":"denormalize
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\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u6b63\u898f\u5316
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599","text":"derived data
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027","title":"\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027","text":"deterministic
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"distributed
\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u900f\u904e\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7576\u90e8\u5206\u7bc0\u9ede\u6545\u969c\u6642\u5177\u6709\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\uff08\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u767c\u751f\u6545\u969c\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8edf\u9ad4\u7121\u9700\u77ad\u89e3\u6545\u969c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6301\u7e8c\u6027","title":"\u6301\u7e8c\u6027","text":"durable
\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u767c\u751f\u5404\u7a2e\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u4e1f\u5931\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#etl","title":"ETL","text":"Extract-Transform-Load
\u8403\u53d6\u3001\u8b8a\u63db\u53ca\u8f09\u5165\uff0c\u5f9e\u6e90\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u8f09\u5165\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132\u6216\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db","title":"\u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db","text":"failover
\u5728\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db\u662f\u5c07\u9818\u5c0e\u89d2\u8272\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5bb9\u932f","title":"\u5bb9\u932f","text":"fault-tolerant
\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u5d29\u6f70\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u5931\u6557\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u6062\u5fa9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6d41\u63a7\u5236","title":"\u6d41\u63a7\u5236","text":"flow control
\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u8cc7\u6599\u901f\u5ea6\u8f03\u6162\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u50b3\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u53cd\u58d3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u96a8\u52d5\u8005","title":"\u96a8\u52d5\u8005","text":"follower, secondary, slave, read replica, hot standby
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u50c5\u8655\u7406\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u4f86\u81ea\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5beb\u5165\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22","title":"\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22","text":"full-text search
\u900f\u904e\u4efb\u610f\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u4f86\u641c\u5c0b\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5339\u914d\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u62fc\u5beb\u8a5e\u6216\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u652f\u63f4\u9019\u7a2e\u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","text":"graph model
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7531\u9ede\uff08vertices\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba nodes \u6216 entities\uff09\u548c\u908a\uff08\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u9ede\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9802\u9ede\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba relationships \u6216 arcs\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u96dc\u6e4a","title":"\u96dc\u6e4a","text":"hash
\u5c07\u8f38\u5165\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u96a8\u6a5f\u6578\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6703\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u822c\u6703\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u76f8\u540c\u6578\u503c\uff08\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u885d\u7a81 collision\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7368\u7acb\u7684","title":"\u7368\u7acb\u7684","text":"idempotent
\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u7a2e\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u91cd\u8a66\u57f7\u884c\uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u57f7\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"index
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u6aa2\u7d22\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u9694\u96e2\u6027","title":"\u9694\u96e2\u6027","text":"isolation
\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e26\u884c\u57f7\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u64fe\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5f37\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5176\u5b83\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u806f\u5408","title":"\u806f\u5408","text":"join, document reference, edge
\u5f59\u96c6\u6709\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u6709\u95dc\uff08\u5916\u4f86\u9375\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684 document reference\uff0c\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u908a edge\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u67e5\u8a62\u9700\u8981\u7372\u53d6\u53c3\u8003\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u9818\u5c0e\u8005","title":"\u9818\u5c0e\u8005","text":"leader, master
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u88ab\u8907\u5236\u5230\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u5206\u767c\u5df2\u6388\u6b0a\u8b8a\u66f4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\u3002\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5354\u8b70\u9078\u8209\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u624b\u52d5\u9078\u64c7\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7dda\u6027\u5316","title":"\u7dda\u6027\u5316","text":"linearizable
\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5c40\u90e8\u6027","title":"\u5c40\u90e8\u6027","text":"locality
\u4e00\u7a2e\u6548\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8acb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u96e2\u6563\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u9396","title":"\u9396","text":"lock
\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fdd\u8b49\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7dda\u7a0b\u3001\u7bc0\u9ede\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2a\u554f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u5b83\u7dda\u7a0b\u3001\u7bc0\u9ede\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u60f3\u8a2a\u554f\u76f8\u540c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u5f85\u9396\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u65e5\u8a8c","title":"\u65e5\u8a8c","text":"log
\u65e5\u8a8c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5b58\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9810\u5beb\u5f0f\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08WAL\uff09\u7528\u65bc\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5d29\u6f70\u6642\u6062\u5fa9\u8cc7\u6599\uff1b\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08log-structured\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u8a8c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b\u8907\u88fd\u578b\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08replication log\uff09\u7528\u65bc\u628a\u5beb\u5165\u5f9e\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u96a8\u52d5\u8005\uff1b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6027\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08event log\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u4e32\u6d41\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7269\u5316","title":"\u7269\u5316","text":"materialize
\u9810\u5148\u8a08\u7b97\u4e26\u5beb\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7bc0\u9ede","title":"\u7bc0\u9ede","text":"node
\u4e00\u500b\u57f7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u901a\u8a0a\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6b63\u898f\u5316","title":"\u6b63\u898f\u5316","text":"normalized
\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u5197\u9918\u6216\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u3002 \u5728\u6b63\u898f\u5283\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u67d0\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8907\u88fd\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#olap","title":"OLAP","text":"Online Analytic Processing
\u7dda\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u8655\u7406\u3002\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u70ba\u805a\u5408\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8a08\u6578\uff0c\u7e3d\u548c\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#oltp","title":"OLTP","text":"Online Transaction Processing
\u7dda\u4e0a\u7570\u52d5\u8655\u7406\u3002\u5176\u6a21\u5f0f\u70ba\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u8b80\u53d6\u6216\u5beb\u5165\u5c11\u91cf\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u900f\u904e\u9375\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5206\u5340","title":"\u5206\u5340","text":"partitioning, sharding
\u5c07\u55ae\u6a5f\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u6216\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u62c6\u5206\u70ba\u8f03\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5206\u4f48\u5230\u591a\u81fa\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u767e\u5206\u4f4d","title":"\u767e\u5206\u4f4d","text":"percentile
\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u503c\u9ad8\u65bc\u6216\u4f4e\u65bc\u67d0\u500b\u95be\u503c\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u503c\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u500b\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u7684\u7b2c 95 \u500b\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u97ff\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u662f\u6642\u9593 t\uff0c\u5247\u8a72\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c95%\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\u9593\u5c0f\u65bc t\uff0c5%\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\u9593\u8981\u6bd4 t \u9577\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15","text":"primary index
\u552f\u4e00\u6a19\u8b58\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u503c \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6578\u5b57\u6216\u5b57\u4e32 \u3002\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u9375\u7531\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u751f\u6210\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6309\u9806\u5e8f\u6216\u96a8\u6a5f\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6578","title":"\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6578","text":"quorum
\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u64cd\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u6295\u7968\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7bc0\u9ede\u6578\u91cf\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u518d\u5e73\u8861","title":"\u518d\u5e73\u8861","text":"rebalance
\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8907\u88fd","title":"\u8907\u88fd","text":"replication
\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff08\u6216\u7a31 replica\uff09\u4e0a\u4fdd\u7559\u76f8\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7121\u6cd5\u8a2a\u554f\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4ecd\u53ef\u8a2a\u554f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7db1\u76ee","title":"\u7db1\u76ee","text":"schema
\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u6b04\u4f4d\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u9031\u671f\u6642\u6aa2\u67e5\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u8a72\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u4e14\u8a72\u7db1\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u6709\u6240\u8b8a\u5316\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15","text":"secondary index
\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u8d77\u7dad\u8b77\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u641c\u5c0b\u8207\u67d0\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5e8f\u5217\u5316","title":"\u5e8f\u5217\u5316","text":"serializable
\u4fdd\u8b49\u591a\u500b\u4f75\u767c\u4ea4\u6613\u540c\u6642\u57f7\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u6309\u9806\u5e8f\u9010\u500b\u57f7\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u540c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7121\u5171\u4eab","title":"\u7121\u5171\u4eab","text":"shared-nothing
\u8207\u5171\u4eab\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6216\u5171\u4eab\u78c1\u789f\u67b6\u69cb\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u7bc0\u9ede \u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 CPU\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u548c\u78c1\u789f\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u504f\u659c","title":"\u504f\u659c","text":"skew
split brain
\u5169\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u540c\u6642\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ef\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u670d\u52d9\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8caf\u5b58\u7a0b\u5e8f","title":"\u8caf\u5b58\u7a0b\u5e8f","text":"stored procedure
\u4e00\u7a2e\u628a\u4ea4\u6613\u908f\u8f2f\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\u653e\u9032\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0a\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u57f7\u884c\u671f\u9593\u7121\u9700\u8207\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u901a\u8a0a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","title":"\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","text":"stream process
\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u63a5\u6536\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d41\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f38\u51fa\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u540c\u6b65","title":"\u540c\u6b65","text":"synchronous
\u547c\u53eb\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u7570\u6b65
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u539f\u59cb\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u539f\u59cb\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"system of record, source of truth
\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cfb\u7d71\u5132\u5b58\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u5177\u6b0a\u5a01\u6216\u8005\u6700\u771f\u5be6\uff09\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8d85\u6642","title":"\u8d85\u6642","text":"timeout
\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6545\u969c\u7684\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u89c0\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8d85\u6642\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9060\u7aef\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6216\u8005\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u6642\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5168\u5e8f","title":"\u5168\u5e8f","text":"total order
\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6642\u9593\u6233\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u7e3d\u662f\u8aaa\u51fa\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e00\u4ef6\u8f03\u65e9\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u54ea\u4ef6\u8f03\u665a\u767c\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u5176\u5148\u5f8c\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u70ba\u504f\u5e8f\uff08partial order\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u4ea4\u6613","title":"\u4ea4\u6613","text":"transaction
\u70ba\u4e86\u7c21\u5316\u5bb9\u932f\uff08fault tolerance\uff09\u548c\u4e26\u884c\uff08concurrency\uff09\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c07\u5e7e\u500b\u8b80\u5beb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u7d44\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\u55ae\u5143\u4e2d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4","title":"\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4","text":"2PC, two-phase commit
\u4e00\u7a2e\u78ba\u4fdd\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u5168\u90e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u4e2d\u6b62\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396","title":"\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396","text":"2PL, two-phase locking
\u4e00\u7a2e\u7528\u65bc\u5be6\u73fe\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a72\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u6703\u8ce6\u4e88\u9396\u65bc\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u7d50\u675f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7121\u908a\u754c","title":"\u7121\u908a\u754c","text":"unbounded
\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u6216\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a5e\u662f\u908a\u754c bounded \u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u908a\u754c
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/","title":"Distributed Systems with Node.js","text":"\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u7c4d \u4f7f\u7528 Repo Distributed-Systems-with-Node.js evan361425/distributed-node"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/#\u8aaa\u660e","title":"\u8aaa\u660e","text":"\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7686\u70ba\u540c\u4e00\u5305\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\uff1f
\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6210\u672c\u592a\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u62c6\u6210\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0f\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u4ecd\u6703\u9047\u5230\u50b3\u7d71\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u67b6\u69cb\u82e5\u7121\u8aaa\u660e\u5247\u70ba\uff1a
\u8b1b\u89e3\u9806\u5e8f\uff1a
\uff08\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u300c\u554f\u984c x\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u5617\u8a66\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff09
\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u8aaa\u660e Container \u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u5efa\u69cb\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u800c Docker \u4e0d\u50c5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5305\u88dd\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u7ba1\u7406 Container\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\uff1a
\u9019\u6642\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u8abf\u5ea6\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Container\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#kubernetes","title":"Kubernetes","text":"Kubernetes \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u5148\u7c21\u55ae\u4ecb\u7d39\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u540d\u8a5e\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u4f5c\u6642\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5404\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u611f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u55ae\u4f4d","title":"\u55ae\u4f4d","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c07\u9010\u4e00\u4ecb\u7d39 Kubernetes \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002
\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 Docker \u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u63d0\u5230\u7684 rkt \u4e5f\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#volume","title":"Volume","text":"\u548c Host \u7684 filesystem \u505a\u9023\u63a5\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5c0d Container \u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#pod","title":"Pod","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u5305\u88dd Container \u548c Volume \u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b Pod \u6703\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u500b IP\u3002\u82e5 Pod \u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u591a\u7684 Container \u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5404\u500b Container \u6703\u5171\u7528\u8a72\u7d44 IP\u3002
\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5716\uff1a
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#node","title":"Node","text":"\u5982\u540c Docker \u7ba1\u7406 Container \u4e00\u822c\uff0cNode \u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u7406 Pod \u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002 \u4e00\u500b Node \u5e95\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f14\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u500b Pod \u548c Container\uff1a
\u7528\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406 Node\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5916\u958b\u653e API\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9014\u5f91\u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5404\u500b Node\u3002 \u5982\uff1a\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e kubectl \u900f\u904e Master \u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5404\u500b Node\u3002 \uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Docker CLI \u900f\u904e Daemon \u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5404\u500b Container\uff09
\u4e00\u7d44\u7531 Master \u548c\u591a\u500b Node \u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u5b8c\u6574\u6982\u7565\u5716","title":"\u5b8c\u6574\u6982\u7565\u5716","text":""},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u6982\u5ff5","title":"\u6982\u5ff5","text":"\u6bcf\u6b21\u547c\u53eb Master \u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b Cluster \u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u67d0\u67d0 Node \u88e1\u9762\u6709 10 \u500b\u7248\u672c 2 \u7684 Pod\u3002
\u6b64\u6642 Kubernetes \u5c31\u6703\u91dd\u5c0d\u8a72\u72c0\u614b\u958b\u59cb\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u3001\u5347\u9ad8\u6578\u91cf\u6216\u5347\u964d\u7248\u672c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u7531 Kubernetes \u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u3002
\u6b64\u8655\u5305\u62ec\u57f7\u884c\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u671f 10 \u500b Pod\uff0c\u73fe\u6709 4 \u500b\uff0c\u9700\u589e\u52a0 6 \u500b\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u7684 6 \u500b\u5c31\u662f Kubernetes \u81ea\u884c\u53bb\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u5e7e\u500b\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u5be6\u4f5c\u6703\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u90e8\u7f72\u6642\u6b32\u9054\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u72c0\u614b\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u7248\u672c\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#selector","title":"Selector","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a Pod \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6709\u9ad8\u904b\u7b97\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5c31\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u6709 machine:physical \u9019\u500b Label \u7684 Pod\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u5e6b Node \u548c Pod \u8cbc\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
platform:nodeplayform-version:v14machine:physicalkernel:3.16app:web-api app:recipe-apiLabel \u4e0d\u5fc5\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e00\u6a23\u7684 key\uff0c\u5982\uff1aplatform:node\u3001platform:alpine
Kubernetes \u6703\u6e2c\u8a66\u73fe\u6709\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u5982 CPU/Memory\uff09\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u6dfb\u52a0 Pod\u3002\u82e5\u7121\uff0c\u5247\u7b49\u5f85\u3002
\u9810\u8a2d\u505a Scheduling \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u70ba kube-scheduler\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#controller","title":"Controller","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u63a7\u5236 Kubernetes \u5404\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#replicaset","title":"ReplicaSet","text":"\u9664\u4e86 ReplicaSet \u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u7fa4\u7d44\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
Stateful \u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5831\u544a\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5efa\u69cb\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u9818\u57df\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#probe","title":"Probe","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u505a Health Check\u3002
\u5982\u540c Docker \u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u500b Container \u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u7684 port \u4e00\u6a23\uff0cService \u4e5f\u6703\u5229\u7528 Selector \u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u500b Pod \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5916\u7684\u3002 \u985e\u4f3c\u65bc reverse-proxy \u822c\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5916\u90e8\u54ea\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u9001\u9032 Pod \u88cf\u9762\u3002
\u5728\u524d\u5e7e\u6b21\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u63d0\u5230 service\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u6b64\u8655\u63d0\u5230\u7684 Service
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#ingress","title":"Ingress","text":"\u7ba1\u7406 Cluster \u5916\u90e8\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#alternatives","title":"Alternatives","text":"\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cKubernetes \u64c1\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9054\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 dev/stg \u7684\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u5272\uff09\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u4e26\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6db5\u84cb Kubernetes \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5 etcd \u505a\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09
Apache Mesos \u548c Apache Marathon \u7684\u7d44\u5408\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u985e\u4f3c Kubernetes \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 Docker Swarm \u662f Docker \u539f\u751f\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u8abf\u5ea6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46 Docker \u5df2\u7d93\u6368\u68c4\u4e26\u6539\u63a1\u548c Kubernetes \u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#minikube","title":"minikube","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u7c21\u5316\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u5be6\u4f5c\u6703\u900f\u904e minikube \u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002minikube \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u5316\u7248\u7684 Kubernetes\uff0c\u4ed6\u6e1b\u5c11\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u628a Master/Node \u878d\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
kubectl version --clientbrew install kubernetes-cli
minikube versionbrew install minikube
$ minikube start\n\ud83d\ude04 minikube v1.20.0 on Darwin 11.4\n\ud83c\udf89 minikube 1.22.0 is available! Download it: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/tag/v1.22.0\n\u2728 Using the hyperkit driver based on existing profile\n\ud83d\udca1 To disable this notice, run: 'minikube config set WantUpdateNotification false'\n\n\ud83d\udc4d Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube\n\ud83d\udd04 Restarting existing hyperkit VM for \"minikube\" ...\n\ud83d\udc33 Preparing Kubernetes v1.20.2 on Docker 20.10.6 ...\n\ud83d\udd0e Verifying Kubernetes components...\n \u25aa Using image k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.44.0\n \u25aa Using image kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.1.0\n \u25aa Using image docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1\n \u25aa Using image kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4\n \u25aa Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5\n \u25aa Using image docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1\n\ud83d\udd0e Verifying ingress addon...\n\ud83c\udf1f Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass, ingress, dashboard\n\ud83c\udfc4 Done! kubectl is now configured to use \"minikube\" cluster and \"default\" namespace by default\n$ kubectl get pods\nNo resources found in default namespace.\n\u56e0\u70ba\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528 default namespace
$ kubectl get namespace\nNAME STATUS AGE\ndefault Active 48d\ningress-nginx Active 48d\nkube-node-lease Active 48d\nkube-public Active 48d\nkube-system Active 48d\nkubernetes-dashboard Active 48d\n$ kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system\nNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE\ncoredns-74ff55c5b-sq5jt 1/1 Running 1 48d\netcd-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-proxy-vslx5 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nstorage-provisioner 1/1 Running 2 48d\n$ kubectl get nodes\nNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION\nminikube Ready control-plane,master 48d v1.20.2\ndocker ps\u518d\u5957\u7528 minikube \u7684 Docker daemon eval $(minikube -p minikube docker-env)
$ minikube -p minikube docker-env\nexport DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=\"1\"\nexport DOCKER_HOST=\"tcp://192.168.64.2:2376\"\nexport DOCKER_CERT_PATH=\"/Users/evan.lu/.minikube/certs\"\nexport MINIKUBE_ACTIVE_DOCKERD=\"minikube\"\n\n# To point your shell to minikube's docker-daemon, run:\n# eval $(minikube -p minikube docker-env)\n\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u547c\u53eb docker ps
$ docker ps\nCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES\nc3a17f71f9f9 435df390f367 \"/usr/bin/dumb-init \u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_controller_ingress-nginx-controller-5d88495688-ljjlx_ingress-nginx_44335178-30e5-4dc5-a481-7980627f281d_1\n825f8d008c8f 86262685d9ab \"/metrics-sidecar\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_dashboard-metrics-scraper_dashboard-metrics-scraper-f6647bd8c-zbbkd_kubernetes-dashboard_13929488-084b-407c-9339-1b6b7b7feb2d_1\n8258d336d0d1 6e38f40d628d \"/storage-provisioner\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_storage-provisioner_storage-provisioner_kube-system_182b3e9c-2cd2-429f-aa0f-3103f916f32a_2\n9edd75250040 9a07b5b4bfac \"/dashboard --insecu\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kubernetes-dashboard_kubernetes-dashboard-968bcb79-4l99k_kubernetes-dashboard_5cfcc5ce-7fb2-4304-baa1-6bf491e71469_1\nc53e01b79ee7 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp k8s_POD_ingress-nginx-controller-5d88495688-ljjlx_ingress-nginx_44335178-30e5-4dc5-a481-7980627f281d_1\n72d0bf46751a k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_storage-provisioner_kube-system_182b3e9c-2cd2-429f-aa0f-3103f916f32a_1\nb5ef7f9450a2 43154ddb57a8 \"/usr/local/bin/kube\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-proxy_kube-proxy-vslx5_kube-system_e9319a11-d048-41ed-8cb1-92a0a17d67b5_1\n0cb200215df8 bfe3a36ebd25 \"/coredns -conf /etc\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_coredns_coredns-74ff55c5b-sq5jt_kube-system_8f238e64-e20d-4899-8a46-96d783fa8250_1\n7ffd1a33f25c k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_dashboard-metrics-scraper-f6647bd8c-zbbkd_kubernetes-dashboard_13929488-084b-407c-9339-1b6b7b7feb2d_1\nb589a1d27625 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kubernetes-dashboard-968bcb79-4l99k_kubernetes-dashboard_5cfcc5ce-7fb2-4304-baa1-6bf491e71469_1\n809d46696a2e k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-proxy-vslx5_kube-system_e9319a11-d048-41ed-8cb1-92a0a17d67b5_1\na6e5be9a3bb9 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_coredns-74ff55c5b-sq5jt_kube-system_8f238e64-e20d-4899-8a46-96d783fa8250_1\n41d81fb8bbd9 0369cf4303ff \"etcd --advertise-cl\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_etcd_etcd-minikube_kube-system_cf26ec9554c6f440822285b6ff9668f3_1\nc7a6eca2d3f9 ed2c44fbdd78 \"kube-scheduler --au\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-scheduler_kube-scheduler-minikube_kube-system_6b4a0ee8b3d15a1c2e47c15d32e6eb0d_1\n3e9a5a9df7da a27166429d98 \"kube-controller-man\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-controller-manager_kube-controller-manager-minikube_kube-system_474c55dfb64741cc485e46b6bb9f2dc0_1\ndcbf747b8975 a8c2fdb8bf76 \"kube-apiserver --ad\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-apiserver_kube-apiserver-minikube_kube-system_0a7845e36bfd593e2ff9a027038089d3_1\nac54b241757d k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-scheduler-minikube_kube-system_6b4a0ee8b3d15a1c2e47c15d32e6eb0d_1\n6a91f7f8e57c k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-controller-manager-minikube_kube-system_474c55dfb64741cc485e46b6bb9f2dc0_1\n495996cf491c k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-apiserver-minikube_kube-system_0a7845e36bfd593e2ff9a027038089d3_1\n6ea9c36a7ff8 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_etcd-minikube_kube-system_cf26ec9554c6f440822285b6ff9668f3_1\n\u6709\u4e00\u500b UI \u4ecb\u9762\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u5c0d Kubernetes \u66f4\u4e86\u89e3
$ minikube dashboard\n\ud83e\udd14 Verifying dashboard health ...\n\ud83d\ude80 Launching proxy ...\n\ud83e\udd14 Verifying proxy health ...\n\ud83c\udf89 Opening http://127.0.0.1:56616/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...\nminikube \u5f88\u9069\u5408\u7528\u4f86\u505a local \u7aef\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ecd\u5efa\u8b70\u76f4\u63a5\u5b89\u88dd Kubernetes\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","title":"\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","text":"\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a
\u958b\u59cb\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u628a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7528 image \u5305\u88dd\u597d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","title":"\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","text":"\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528 minikube \u7684 Docker \u5efa\u7f6e image\u3002
eval $(minikube -p minikube docker-env)\ndocker build . -t recipe-api:latest\n\u5206\u5225\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c Service
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f_1","title":"\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","text":"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\n\u4f7f\u7528\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u4f86\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u7d30\u8b1b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u5404\u884c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u50c5\u6982\u8ff0\u3002 web-deployment\u3001recipe-deployment
\u5957\u7528\u81f3 minikube\uff1a
kubectl apply -f minikube/recipe-deployment.yml\n\u9019\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u555f\u52d5\u6210\u529f
$ kubectl get deployment\nNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE\nrecipe-api 5/5 5 5 19h\nweb-api 3/3 3 3 18h\n\u4f7f\u7528\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u4f86\u90e8\u7f72 Service\u3002
\u5728 web-service \u4e2d\u4e00\u540c\u8a2d\u5b9a Ingress\u3002 web-service\u3001recipe-service
host1 \u5f15\u5230 Service A \u6216 /api/v1 \u5f15\u5230 Service B\u5957\u7528\u81f3 minikube\uff1a
kubectl apply -f minikube/recipe-service.yml\n\u53d6\u5f97 Cluster Ingress address
$ kubectl get ingress\nNAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE\nweb-api-ingress <none> example.org 192.168.64.2 80 96s\ncurl -H \"Host: example.org\" http://192.168.64.2\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc4\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e docker-compose \u9054\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Kubernetes \u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u7248\u672c","title":"\u7248\u672c","text":"\u7576\u6709\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u6642\uff0cKubernetes \u6703\u5148\u628a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684 Pod \u555f\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7b49\u820a\u7248\u672c\u7684 Pod \u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002
\u5148\u628a\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94 web-deployment.yml \u5c0d Container \u7684\u7248\u672c\u8abf\u6574\u81f3 v2\uff0c\u518d\u5957\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u5230 minikube\u3002
--record=true \u53ef\u4ee5\u8a18\u9304\u672c\u6b21\u6307\u4ee4\u5230 revision\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u672a\u4f86\u9000\u7248\u78ba\u8a8d\u7248\u672c
kubectl apply -f minikube/web-deployment.yml --record=true\nKubernetes \u8db3\u5920\u8070\u660e\u53bb\u5224\u65b7\u4f60\u6539\u52d5\u4e86\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8abf\u6574\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5427\u3002
-w \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u76e3\u63a7\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c-l \u7be9\u9078\u7279\u5b9a label \u7684 Pod
$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=web-api\nNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-5824q 1/1 Running 0 19h\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-6x9bc 1/1 Terminating 0 19h\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-hk2dp 1/1 Running 0 19h\nweb-api-d85b66d56-pkrv5 1/1 Running 0 3s\nweb-api-d85b66d56-bgw55 1/1 Running 0 2s\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-hk2dp 1/1 Terminating 0 19h\nweb-api-d85b66d56-6qsp4 0/1 Pending 0 0s\nweb-api-d85b66d56-6qsp4 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s\nweb-api-d85b66d56-6qsp4 1/1 Running 0 2s\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-5824q 1/1 Terminating 0 19h\n\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u6709\u904e\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002
$ kubectl get rs -l app=web-api\nNAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7 0 0 0 20h\nweb-api-d85b66d56 3 3 3 6m34s\n\u9000\u7248\u6642\uff0c\u5148\u78ba\u8a8d\u7248\u672c\u865f\u78bc\uff1a
$ kubectl rollout history deployment.v1.apps/web-api\nREVISION CHANGE-CAUSE\n1 <none>\n2 kubectl apply --filename=web-api-deployment.yml --record=true\n\u9000\u7248\uff1a
$ kubectl rollout undo deployment.v1.apps/web-api \\\n --to-revision=1\n\u624b\u52d5\u589e\u9577\u5230\u5341\u500b
$ kubectl scale deployment.apps/recipe-api --replicas=10\ndeployment.apps/recipe-api scaled\n$ kubectl get deployment\nNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE\nrecipe-api 5/10 10 5 1m\nweb-api 3/3 3 3 1m\n\u9664\u4e86\u900f\u904e\u6307\u4ee4\u589e\u6e1b Pod \u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u52d5 Deployment \u6a94\uff0c\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u3002
\u5728 scaling \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cKubernetes \u6703\u78ba\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u624d\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u6642\u4ea6\u540c\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u7684 scaling \u662f\u52d5\u614b\u8abf\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u800c docker-compose \u662f\u7576\u521d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5f8c\u505a\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u975e scaling\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u624b\u52d5\u589e\u9577\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0cKubernetes \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\uff1a
Kubernetes \u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u624d\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u6478\u7d22\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u672a\u4f86\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u77ad\u89e3\u4e26\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\uff01
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#misc","title":"Misc","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/","title":"Container","text":""},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u591a\u500b","title":"\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u591a\u500b","text":"\u554f\u984c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6210\u591a\u500b\u6642\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#protocol","title":"Protocol","text":"JSON - \u7576\u4f60\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b API Endpoint\uff0c\u8db3\u77e3\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u4f60\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a Endpoint \u751a\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u9700\u8981\u5404\u500b Endpoint \u7684\u8cc7\u6e90...
GraphQL - \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u7aef\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u591a\u500b API \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u7d44\u7e54\u67e5\u8a62\u5167\u5bb9
\u4f46\u662f API \u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u591a\u7a2e\u908f\u8f2f...
gRPC - \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c08\u5fc3\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684 HTTP client \u7686\u5df2\u7d93\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#sla-and-load-test","title":"SLA and Load Test","text":"\u600e\u9ebc\u78ba\u4fdd\u7522\u54c1\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u50b3\u8f38\u5f8c\u4ecd\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49
\u7576\u7522\u54c1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u5feb\u901f\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u7372\u53d6\u61c9\u7528\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u9700\u6b0a\u8861\uff1a
Container \u5305\u62ec Image\u3001Port Mapping\u3001Volume Mappings Volume \u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u7406 Container \u7aef\u548c Host \u7aef\u7684 filesystem
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#docker","title":"Docker","text":"Docker \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5efa\u7f6e Container \u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u5de5\u5177\uff1a
Docker Desktop Docker \u662f\u57f7\u884c\u5728 Linux \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u82e5\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0d\u662f Linux\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 Docker Desktop\u3002 \u5176\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb VM \u4f86\u6a21\u64ec Linux \u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u597d\u7528\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982 UI \u548c Kubernetes \u7684\u6574\u5408\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#docker-image","title":"Docker Image","text":"\u628a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5305\u88dd\u6210 Image \u518d\u4f9d\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb Container\u3002 \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5 Node.js \u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u6bcf\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u90fd\u7a31\u70ba\u4e00\u7d44 stage\uff0c\u5982 Linux\u3001Node.js \u548c Application\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b stage \u4e2d\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c64 layer\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\u5efa\u7acb\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002
\u4ee5 Node.js \u4e26\u5305\u88dd\u5728 Alpine \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684 Image \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
$ docker pull node:lts-alpine\nc9b1b535fdd9: Pull complete\n750cdd924064: Downloading [==> ] 2.485MB/34.53MB\n2078ab7cf9df: Download complete\n02f523899354: Download complete\n/Image \u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 39.35 MB\uff0c\u9023\u7d50
\u6709\u6539\u8b8a filesystem \u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff08\u6703\u6539\u8b8a Image \u5927\u5c0f\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u5217\u51fa\u4f86\u3002
SHA \u503c\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b SHA \u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u73fe\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7d44\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002
\u82e5\u6539\u70ba Debian\uff08\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\uff09\u5247\u70ba\uff1a
$ docker pull node:lts\n199ebcd83264: Pull complete\nddbb155879c0: Pull complete\nc194bbaa3d8b: Pull complete\n6154ac87d7f3: Pull complete\n0c283e88ced7: Pull complete\ndba101298560: Pull complete\n1d8bfd4e555f: Downloading [=====> ] 7.56MB/33.38MB\n757e41ffbdcc: Download complete\n6e055c4b8721: Download complete\n/Image \u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 345.75 MB\uff0c\u9023\u7d50\u3002
Container \u90e8\u7f72\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5efa\u8b70\u4ee5\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684 Image \u70ba\u57fa\u5e95\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u90e8\u7f72\u6d41\u7a0b\u5916\uff0c\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u9762\u7a4d\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u5be6\u4f5c","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c","text":"\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u89e3 Image \u88fd\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u4f5c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u592a\u5927\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u67e5\u770b
\u900f\u904e Docker CLI \u53ef\u4ee5\u548c Container \u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011 Debug\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u9032\u5165-container","title":"\u9032\u5165 Container","text":"docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash\n-i \u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u4ee5\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u9032\u5165 Container-t \u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u4ee5 TTY session \u9032\u5165\uff0c\u548c -i \u6574\u5408\u70ba -itbash\u9032\u5165\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u900f\u904e ps -e \u8f38\u51fa\u6240\u6709 process\u3002
$ ps -e\nPID TTY TIME CMD\n 1 pts/0 00:00:00 bash\n 10 pts/0 00:00:00 ps\nbash \u4f5c\u70ba\u521d\u59cb\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728 PID 1\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\uff0cContainer \u7684\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u7576\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u670d\u52d9\u5728\u80cc\u666f\u904b\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u5c0d-container-\u5167\u90e8\u4e0b\u9054\u6307\u4ee4","title":"\u5c0d Container \u5167\u90e8\u4e0b\u9054\u6307\u4ee4","text":"docker exec ubuntu /bin/ls /var
$ curl -o index.html http://example.org\n$ docker run --rm -p 8080:80 \\\n -v $PWD:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx\n-p \u5373\u70ba\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 port-mappings -v \u5373\u70ba volume-mappings\uff08filesystem\uff09
\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u8f03\u5c11\u5176\u4ed6\u7ba1\u7406 Container \u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff1a
\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u900f\u904e Docker \u5efa\u7acb\uff1f\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
docker run exmaple/server1 docker run exmaple/server2\u591a\u6b21 docker run exmaple/server \u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u96e3\u7ba1\u7406\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u932f\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b Image\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u5831\u544a\u63d0\u5230\u7684 ELK\uff0c\u4f46\u662f \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u82e5\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b Image \u6703\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u6d88\u5931\u3002
docker-compose \u4fbf\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd Tracing \u4e2d\u7684 Zipkin \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb docker-compose.yaml\uff1a
version: \"3.7\"\nservices:\n zipkin:\n image: openzipkin/zipkin-slim:2.19\n ports:\n - 9411:9411\n recipe-api:\n build:\n context: ./recipe-api\n dockerfile: Dockerfile-zipkin\n ports:\n - 4000:4000\n environment:\n ZIPKIN: zipkin:9411\n depends_on:\n - zipkin\n web-api:\n build:\n context: ./web-api\n dockerfile: Dockerfile-zipkin\n ports:\n - 3000:3000\n environment:\n TARGET: recipe-api:4000\n ZIPKIN: zipkin:9411\n depends_on:\n - zipkin\n - recipe-api\nDocker Hub \u63d0\u4f9b\u5b58\u653e Image \u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u79c1\u4eba\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u6578\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6 Docker Registry\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u9019\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u7701\u7565
\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7dad\u904b\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\u7570\u5462\uff1f
\u672c\u7ae0\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u4ecb\u7d39 Log\u3001Tracing\u3001Metric\u3001Alert \u548c Health Check\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#log","title":"Log","text":"\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u6642\u5e38\u7528 console.log \u6216 print \u9019\u985e\u51fd\u793a\u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u82e5\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5f9e\u9060\u5728\u4ed6\u65b9\u7684 server \u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u95dc\u8a0a\u606f\uff1f
\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39 ELK\uff08Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana\uff09\u600e\u9ebc\u8b93\u4f60\u62ff\u5230 server \u7684 log \u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6b77\u7a0b\u6703\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u9805\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5340\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff1f
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u767c\u73fe A \u670d\u52d9\u5728\u548c B \u670d\u52d9\u8acb\u6c42\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u65bc\u662f\u63a5\u8457\u67e5\u770b B \u670d\u52d9\u7684 log\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u537b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u832b\u832b\u5927\u6d77\u5982\u4f55\u5c0b\uff1f
\u6b64\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Tracing \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 Zipkin\u3002
request ID \u4ee3\u8868\u5404\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 ID\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6aa2\u95b1\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u8981\u505a\u7d71\u8a08\u5462\uff1f
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6a5f\u5668\u7684 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u56de\u61c9 4xx/5xx \u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u3001API \u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u4f48
\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u9700\u8981\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u7a31\u5176\u70ba Metric\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 Graphite\uff0cStatsD \u548c Grafana\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#alert","title":"Alert","text":"\u6709\u4e86 Metric\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e9b\u95a5\u503c\uff0c\u4f86\u901a\u77e5\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u5f97\u77e5\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982 5xx \u6bd4\u7387\u8d85\u904e 3% \u6642\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u901a\u77e5
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 Grafana\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#health-check","title":"Health Check","text":"\u82e5\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 DB\uff09\u9023\u7dda\u65b7\u6389\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u670d\u52d9\u672c\u8eab\u65b7\u7dda\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5426\u53ca\u65e9\u77e5\u9053\uff1f\u540c\u6642\u81ea\u52d5\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 HAProxy
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u7a2e\u985e \u591a\u670d\u52d9\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9 \u529f\u80fd \u6240\u5c6c\uff08\u6982\u7565\uff09 Log X Debug Dev Tracing O Debug Dev-Ops Metric X \u7d71\u8a08 Ops Alert X \u5206\u6790 Dev-Ops SE"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u5be6\u4f5c","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c","text":"\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#log_1","title":"Log","text":"ELK \u662f Elastic \u958b\u767c\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u958b\u767c\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f ELK \u9019\u4e09\u9805\u7522\u54c1\u3002
\u672c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u50c5\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6 ELK \u4ee3\u8868\u7684 Elasticsearch\u3001Logstash\u3001Kibana \u9019\u4e09\u500b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u7522\u54c1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\u3002
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b API\uff0c\u6703\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u5176\u6a19\u6e96\u7684 query \u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002
Elasticsearch is fast. Really, really fast.
Elasticsearch \u64c1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u50c5\u6703\u793a\u7bc4\u5e7e\u7a2e\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#logstash","title":"Logstash","text":"Elasticsearch \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u7d66\u4ed6\uff0c\u9019\u4fbf\u662f Logstash \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8ca0\u8cac\u628a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u9001\u7d66 Elasticsearch\u3002
\u9001\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u7531\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65b9\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f log file\u3001HTTP \u7b49\u3002 \u672c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f\u900f\u904e HTTP on UDP \u4f86\u50b3\u9001\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#kibana","title":"Kibana","text":"Elasticsearch \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b UI \u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u6642 Kibana \u5c31\u662f\u628a API \u8f49\u6210\u53ef\u8b93\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u9801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","title":"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","text":"web-api
\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u50b3\u9001\u5230 Logstash \u7684\u908f\u8f2f
logger.info(\n {\n path: req.url,\n method: req.method,\n ip: req.ip,\n ua: req.headers[\"user-agent\"] || null,\n },\n \"request-incoming\"\n);\n\u7121\u8ad6\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u683c\u5f0f\u64b0\u5beb log\uff0c\u7d71\u4e00\u5c31\u597d\u3002
\u521d\u59cb\u5316 logger
const client = dgram.createSocket(\"udp4\");\nconst stream = {\n write: (msg: string) => {\n client.send(msg, LS_PORT, LS_HOST);\n },\n};\nconst logger = pino({ level: \"trace\" }, stream);\n\u5176\u67b6\u69cb\u6703\u548c Log \u5f88\u50cf\uff0cElasticsearch \u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u9019\u985e\u7684 query \u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002 \u5176\u91cd\u9ede\u5dee\u7570\u4fbf\u662f\u5728 log \u8655\u7406\u5c0d\u8c61\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c metrics \u8655\u7406\u7684\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u5728\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6d41\u91cf\u6216\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Grafana\u3001Graphite \u548c StatsD\u3002
\u548c log \u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u4e0d\u8d05\u8ff0\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","title":"\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","text":"web-api
\u521d\u59cb\u5316 client
const client = new StatsDClient({\n host: \"localhost\",\n port: 8125,\n prefix: \"web-api\",\n});\n\u7d71\u8a08\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u9593\u548c\u6b21\u6578
const begin = new Date();\n\nawait got(`http://${TARGET}/recipes/42`);\n\nclient.timing(\"outbound.recipe-api.request-time\", begin);\nclient.increment(\"outbound.recipe-api.request-count\");\n\u7d71\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\u8cc7\u6e90
setInterval(() => {\n client.gauge(\"server.conn\", server.connections);\n\n const m = process.memoryUsage();\n client.gauge(\"server.memory.used\", m.heapUsed);\n client.gauge(\"server.memory.total\", m.heapTotal);\n\n const h = v8.getHeapStatistics();\n client.gauge(\"server.heap.size\", h.used_heap_size);\n client.gauge(\"server.heap.limit\", h.heap_size_limit);\n\n // try to mock memory heap\n fs.readdir(__dirname, (err, list) => {\n if (err) return;\n client.gauge(\"server.descriptors\", list.length);\n });\n}, 10_000);\n\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u653e\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002 \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65b7\u7dda\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6536\u96c6\u4e0d\u5230\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6536\u96c6\u61c9\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#alternative_1","title":"Alternative","text":"Graphite -> Prometheus, InfluxDBStatsD -> cAdvisor, MetricBeat\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u6216\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u975e\u9810\u671f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u554f\u984c\u9ede\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fa8\u5225\u540c\u4e00\u652f\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u5404\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u900f\u904e\u5efa\u7acb request ID \u4f86\u8fa8\u5225\u540c\u4e00\u652f\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u7522\u51fa\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
web-api \u6703\u50b3\u9001 task1\u3001fetch \u548c task2\uff0crecipe-api \u6703\u50b3\u9001 recipe
web-api
const tracer = new Tracer({\n ctxImpl,\n recorder,\n localServiceName: \"web-api\",\n sampler: new sampler.CountingSampler(1),\n});\n\u7d00\u9304\u8acb\u6c42\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u548c\u7d50\u675f\u6642
app.use(expressMiddleware({ tracer }));\n\u7d00\u9304\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c 100ms \u7684\u4efb\u52d9
await tracer.local<Promise<void>>(\n 'do_some_task',\n () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100)),\n);\n\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u88dd\u5f8c\u7684 got \u4f86\u53bb\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5176 tracing \u908f\u8f2f\u3002
await instance(`http://${TARGET}/recipes/42`).json();\nconst instance = got.extend({\n hooks: {\n init: [(opts) => (opts._zipkin.parentId = tracer.id)],\n beforeRequest: [\n (opts) => {\n // ...\n },\n ],\n afterResponse: [\n (res) => {\n // ...\n },\n ],\n beforeError: [\n (err) => {\n // ...\n return err;\n },\n ],\n },\n});\nrecipe-api
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#alert_1","title":"Alert","text":"Demo in production
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#health-check_1","title":"Health Check","text":"\u9019\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6703\u548c Alert \u4e00\u8d77\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u6253\u7279\u5b9a route \u53bb\u5f97\u77e5\u670d\u52d9\u73fe\u6709\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
\u4f46\u73fe\u6709\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6709\u7522\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528 cache \u53bb\u9054\u5230 SLA\u3002\u7576 cache \u5931\u53bb\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\u4ecd\u80fd\u904b\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u7387\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8 Latency\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u7b97\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\uff1f
\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e36\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5c degraded\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u548c\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u6709\u95dc\u4e86\u3002
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6703\u7528 r-proxy \u505a health check \u4e14\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7d81\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u4f46\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u5efa\u8b70\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5916\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u5916\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u53bb\u505a health check\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff1aPagerDuty\u3001Nagios\u3001Pingdom\u3002 \u9664\u4e86 r-proxy\uff0c\u5c08\u505a health check \u7684\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\uff1aCabot\u3002
HAProxy \u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9ee8
# ...\n\nbackend web-api\n option httpchk GET /health\n server web-api-1 localhost:3001 check\n server web-api-2 localhost:3002 check\nweb-api
app.get(\"/health\", (_req, res) => {\n return res.send(\"OK\");\n});\n\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u584a\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u9593\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d \u6bd4\u8d77\u64b0\u5beb\u5b8c\u6574\u53c8\u6e05\u695a\u7684 API \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u9593\u540c\u6b65 API\uff1f
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7686\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u6e9d\u901a\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5 HTTP \u5354\u5b9a\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#osi-open-systems-interconnection","title":"OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)","text":"POST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: www.example.com\nContent-Type: application/json\nContent-Length: 15\n\n{\"name\":\"evan.lu\"}\n\u7a7a\u884c\u5f8c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u5373\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 body\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684 body \u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u5c64\u3002
\u55ae\u7d14\u900f\u904e JSON \u50b3\u905e\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1f
\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u5176\u4ed6 protocol \u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8212\u7de9\uff08\u964d\u4f4e\uff09\u4e0a\u8ff0\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u50c5\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc API \u6587\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u8f03\u5feb\u9032\u5165\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#graphql","title":"GraphQL","text":"GraphQL \u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u8ddf\u670d\u52d9\u8981\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6642\u5019\u80fd\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff1a
\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93 GraphQL \u901a\u5e38\u6210\u70ba facade services\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u773e\u591a\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u500b\u63a5\u89f8\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u5916\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6e20\u9053\u3002
GraphQL \u4e26\u4e0d\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u8981 HTTP \u4e0a\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u5982 TCP \u7b49\u5354\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u985e\u4f3c Query \u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46 Response \u4e26\u7121\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u884c\uff0c\u5982 JSON\u3002
type RecipeRoot {\n recipe(id: ID): Recipe\n pid: Int\n}\ntype Recipe {\n id: ID!\n name: String!\n steps: String\n ingredients: [Ingredient]!\n}\ntype Ingredient {\n id: ID!\n name: String!\n quantity: String\n}\n\u9019\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5916\u516c\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f9d\u6b64\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684 OpenAPI\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#\u8acb\u6c42","title":"\u8acb\u6c42","text":"\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\uff1a
{\n pid\n}\n{\n \"data\": {\n \"pid\": 9372\n }\n}\n{\n recipe(id: 42) {\n name\n ingredients {\n name\n quantity\n }\n }\n}\n{\n \"data\": {\n \"recipe\": {\n \"name\": \"Chicken Tikka Masala\",\n \"ingredients\": [\n { \"name\": \"Chicken\", \"quantity\": \"1 lb\" },\n { \"name\": \"Sauce\", \"quantity\": \"2 cups\" }\n ]\n }\n }\n}\n\u4e0b\u5217\u5247\u662f\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
// \u50c5\u5c55\u793a\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7684 `kitchenSink` \u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf debug \u7528\u7684\nconst query = `query kitchenSink ($id:ID) {\n recipe(id: $id) {\n id name\n ingredients {\n name quantity\n }\n }\n pid\n}`;\nconst variables = { id: \"42\" };\n\nreturn got(`http://${TARGET}/graphql`, {\n method: \"POST\",\n json: { query, variables },\n});\nimport {\n GraphQLID,\n GraphQLInt,\n GraphQLObjectType,\n GraphQLSchema,\n} from \"graphql\";\n\n// \u50c5\u5c55\u793a RecipeRoot \u7684\u5efa\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\nconst recipeRoot = new GraphQLObjectType({\n name: \"RecipeRoot\",\n fields: {\n pid: {\n type: GraphQLInt,\n resolve: resolvers.RecipeRoot.pid,\n },\n recipe: {\n type: recipeQuery,\n args: { id: { type: GraphQLID } },\n resolve: resolvers.RecipeRoot.recipe,\n },\n },\n});\nreturn new GraphQLSchema({ query: rootQuery });\nhttp://localhost:4000/graphql
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#grpc","title":"gRPC","text":"\u50cf\u662f REST \u6216 GraphQL \u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u900f\u904e CRUD \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5176\u9650\u5236\uff1a
\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u50c5\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e
\u8209\u4f8b\uff1a \u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u500b API endpoint \u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u767c\u7968\uff0c\u4eca\u6b32\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u9644\u5e36\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u540c\u6642\u5bc4\u9001\u4fe1\u7bb1\u901a\u77e5\u3002 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f
need_send_email\uff1a \u8b93\u8a72 endpoint \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8907\u96dcRemote Procedure Call \u5c31\u662f\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\uff01
gRPC \u70ba Google \u5efa\u7acb\u7684 RPC \u6a19\u6e96
gRPC \u9810\u8a2d\u5373\u975e\u4f7f\u7528 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5 Protocol Buffers\uff08ProtoBufs\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u50b3\u905e\u3002
\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a
.proto\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u8b93 client \u64c1\u6709\u3002int32\uff0cint64\uff0cfloat\uff0cdouble \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff1a
{\"id\":42} v.s. 42\nv1 \u9700\u8981 arg1 arg2\nv2 \u9700\u8981 arg1 arg2 arg3\n\u82e5 client \u50c5\u62ff\u5230 v1 \u7684 proto\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5ffd\u7565 arg2 \u5f8c\u7684\u53c3\u6578\nsyntax = \"proto3\";\npackage recipe;\nservice RecipeService {\n rpc GetRecipe(RecipeRequest) returns (Recipe) {}\n rpc GetMetaData(Empty) returns (Meta) {}\n}\nmessage Recipe {\n int32 id = 1;\n string name = 2;\n string steps = 3;\n repeated Ingredient ingredients = 4;\n}\nmessage Ingredient {\n int32 id = 1;\n string name = 2;\n string quantity = 3;\n}\nmessage RecipeRequest {\n int32 id = 1;\n}\nmessage Meta {\n int32 pid = 2;\n}\nmessage Empty {}\nimport { loadPackageDefinition, Server } from \"@grpc/grpc-js\";\nimport { loadSync } from \"@grpc/proto-loader\";\n\n// \u8b80\u53d6 proto \u6a94\nconst def = loadSync(__dirname + \"/grpc.proto\");\nconst proto = loadPackageDefinition(def);\n\n// \u5efa\u7acb\u8655\u7406\u908f\u8f2f\n// handlers = ...;\nconst server = new Server();\nserver.addService(proto.recipe.RecipeService.service, handlers);\n\n// \u5efa\u7acb\u5c0d\u5916\u9023\u7dda\n// credentials = ...; for https\nconst cb = () => server.start();\nserver.bindAsync(`${HOST}:${PORT}`, credentials, cb);\n\n// \u5efa\u7acb handlers\nconst handlers = {\n GetMetaData: (_call, cb) => {\n cb(null, {\n // error = null\n pid: process.pid,\n });\n },\n GetRecipe: (call, cb) => ({}), // if (call.request.id === 42)\n};\nimport { loadPackageDefinition } from \"@grpc/grpc-js\";\nimport { loadSync } from \"@grpc/proto-loader\";\n\n// \u8b80\u53d6 proto \u6a94\nconst def = loadSync(__dirname + \"/grpc.proto\");\nconst proto = loadPackageDefinition(def);\n\n// credentials = ...; for https\nconst client = new proto.recipe.RecipeService(TARGET, credentials);\n\nclient.getMetaData({}, cb);\nclient.getRecipe({ id: 42 }, cb);\nhttp://localhost:3001
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#alternatives","title":"Alternatives","text":"\u9664\u4e86 gRPC \u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1f
ProtoBufs
MessagePack
\u96d6\u7136\u540c\u70ba binary representation of hierarchical object data\uff0c\u4f46
.proto\uff09\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0gRPC
\u95dc\u65bc gRPC \u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a
\u7522\u54c1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u9019\u985e\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba SLA\uff08Service Level Agreement\uff09\u3002
SLA \u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u500b SLO\uff08Service Level Objective\uff09\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u4e00\u4efd SLA \u63d0\u4f9b \u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u91d1\u9322\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 \u4fdd\u8b49\u4e0d\u6703\u91cd\u8907\u6263\u6b3e\u5373\u70ba SLO
SLI\uff08Service Level Indicator\uff09\u5373\u662f SLO \u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u76ee\u6a19\u5728 100ms \u5167\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u6e2c\u8a66\u70ba\u5e73\u5747\u65bc 80ms \u5167\u56de\u61c9
\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52d9 SLO / SLI \u9700\u5927\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc 1\u3002
\u82e5\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 SLO\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b50\u670d\u52d9\u7684 SLO\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u904e\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7522\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u7c21\u5316\u6216\u589e\u52a0 Tracing \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u7522\u51fa\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#load-test","title":"Load Test","text":"Load Test \u76ee\u7684\u5373\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa SLI\u3002
Load Test \u548c Stress Test \u5dee\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f
Latency \u4ee3\u8868\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89f8\u767c\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u4e26\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u4ee5 Latency \u70ba SLO\uff0c\u4e26\u8a08\u7b97\u4e4b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#baseline","title":"Baseline","text":"\u6e2c\u8a66\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u6e96\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7522\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u7a2e Baseline
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Baseline \u6703\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7684 Baseline\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u7bc4\u4f8b","title":"\u7bc4\u4f8b","text":"\u4ee5 Node.js \u9019\u8a9e\u8a00\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u55ae\u7d14\u7684 server \u70ba Baseline\uff1a
require(\"http\")\n .createServer((req, res) => res.end(\"ok\"))\n .listen(80, () => null);\n\u4f9d\u6b64\u89c0\u5bdf\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7d71\u4e00\u6a5f\u5668\u898f\u683c\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u5728 Node.js \u9019\u8a9e\u8a00\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176 Latency \u90fd\u662f\u6c92\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002
\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684 Latency \u6642\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u8a72\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u5982 C++ \u6216 Rust\u3002 \u4f46\u6b64\u6642\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u6b0a\u8861\u5176\u4ed6\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u6578\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u767c\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#latency","title":"Latency","text":"Stat 2.5% 50% 97.5% 99% Avg Stdev Max Latency 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms 0.01ms 0.08ms 9.45ms Req/Sec 42,751 39,039 36,703 29,487 38,884.14 1,748.17 29,477\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 29487 \u500b\u6bcf\u79d2\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u5373\u662f TP99\uff08Top Percentile\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u9ede\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba 1% \u662f\u6975\u7aef\u503c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u9700\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u7db2\u9801\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u9801\u9762\u9700\u8981 40 \u500b\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5728\u8dd1\u7b2c\u4e94\u500b\u9801\u9762\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u8fd1\u4e4e 0.003 % \u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 \u4e0d\u6703 \u89f8\u767c\u5230 95% \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 How NOT to Measure Latency
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u4f7f\u7528-reverse-proxy---haproxy","title":"\u4f7f\u7528 Reverse Proxy - HAProxy","text":"Percentile With Proxy Without 99.9% 1ms 1ms 99.99% 2ms 2ms 99.999% 5ms 3ms\u5f97\u5230 19967 \u500b\u6bcf\u79d2\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u65bc\u57fa\u6e96\u9ede 29487\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u5728\u6700\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0b\u589e\u52a0 r-proxy \u6703\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8b8a\u6162\u3002
\u4f46\u82e5\u8003\u616e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u70ba 100ms\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 r-proxy \u96d6\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u537b\u50c5\u50c5\u589e\u52a0 1~2ms\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u76ca\u9084\u662f\u5927\u65bc\u5176\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u82e5\u8003\u616e-http-compression","title":"\u82e5\u8003\u616e HTTP Compression","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u50c5\u8003\u616e\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u82e5\u70ba\u4e86\u58d3\u7e2e\u7db2\u8def\u6d41\u91cf
\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5404\u7a2e\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u4e00\u9805\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u7d50\u679c","title":"\u7d50\u679c","text":"Percentile JSON GraphQL gRPC 99% 10ms 13ms 24ms 99.9% 18ms 22ms 32ms 99.99% 26ms 36ms 82ms 99.999% 48ms 67ms 82ms"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u8a0e\u8ad6","title":"\u8a0e\u8ad6","text":"\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053 GraphQL \u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u500b request \u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u5834\u666f\u5c0d\u5916\u958b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b endpoint\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u958b\u767c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u6703\u6368\u68c4\u90e8\u5206\u7522\u54c1\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4fbf\u8981\u6b0a\u8861\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8f03\u504f\u5411\u65bc\u54ea\u908a\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916 JSON \u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5728 v8 engine \u4e2d\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u6975\u81f4\u7684\u58d3\u7e2e\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5229\u7528 Buffer \u505a binary \u89e3\u6790\u7684 gRPC \u5728\u6548\u80fd\u4e0a\u5c31\u77ee\u4e86\u4e00\u622a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5728 C++ \u9019\u985e\u7de8\u8b6f\u904e\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u984d\u5916\u8655\u7406 GC \u9019\u985e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u7d50\u8ad6","title":"\u7d50\u8ad6","text":"\u82e5\u5e0c\u671b\u7522\u54c1\u80fd\u5728 50ms \u5167\u56de\u61c9\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7d04\u6bcf\u79d2 20 \uff08\u6216\u6bcf\u5206 1200 \u6216\u6bcf\u6642 72000\uff09\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u555f\u7528\u4e00\u500b Docker container \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u8981\u5728 TP99 \u5167\u56de\u61c9 50ms \u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u50c5\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6bcf\u79d2 6 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500b Docker container\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6bcf\u79d2 10 \u500b\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5f80\u4e0b\u52a0\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\u5f97\u5230 4 \u500b container \u70ba\u5408\u7406\u6578\u91cf\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u5de5\u5177","title":"\u5de5\u5177","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 autocannon \u9019\u8edf\u9ad4\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u4ee3\u78bc\u6a21\u5f0f\u7686\u70ba\uff1a
autocannon -d 60 -c 10 -l http://localhost:3000\n\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb 10 \u500b\u9023\u7dda\uff08-c\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\uff08-d\uff0960 \u79d2\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff08-l\uff09\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6bcf\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u6bcf\u79d2\u6253 1 \u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\uff08-p\uff09
\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u7121\u7279\u5225\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u8b80\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4ecd\u63a8\u85a6 How NOT to Measure Latency \u9019\u90e8\u5f71\u7247
\u82e5\u662f\u591a\u9805\u670d\u52d9\u5408\u8a08\u7684 latency\uff08\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u516c\u53f8\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u5fae\u5be6\u4f5c","title":"\u5fae\u5be6\u4f5c","text":"auth
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/","title":"\u5c55\u671b\u6838\u878d\u5408","text":"IMF 2017 \u5e74\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u986f\u793a\u5168\u7403\u6709 154 \u500b\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u548c 39 \u500b\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u6b63\u9010\u6f38\u7a69\u5b9a\u751a\u81f3\u958b\u59cb\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u90a3\u4e9b\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u5247\u662f\u9010\u5e74\u589e\u9577\u3002
\u9010\u5e74\u5404\u570b\u6bcf\u4eba\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8cbb\u529b \u9010\u5e74\u5404\u570b\u6bcf\u5e74\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8cbb\u529b\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\u7387/\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\uff0c\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6709\u5fb7\u570b\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u9023\u7d50
\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u82e5\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u4e0d\u6e1b\u5c11\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\uff09\u8017\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u4ecd\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7acb\u5834\u53bb\u963b\u6b62\u90a3\u4e9b\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u53bb\u63d0\u5347\u958b\u767c\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002
\u4ee5\u5f80\u70ba\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u7bc0\u5236\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u884c\u70ba\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u5730\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u8d70\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u834a\u68d8\u8def\u3002\u4ecb\u7d39\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u66b8\u89e3\u6838\u878d\u5408\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u91dd\u5c0d\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u660e\u767d\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4f86\u5584\u5f85\u9019\u500b\u4e58\u8f09\u8457\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u9078\u64c7
\u6211\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u6700\u8b93\u4eba\u6709\u52d5\u529b\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6295\u8cc7\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6e05\u695a\u73fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u767c\u5c55\u9032\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b63\u8d70\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u7684\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4eca\u5e74\uff082022\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u805e\uff1a\u82ac\u862d\u516c\u53f8\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u5546\u7528\u6c99\u96fb\u6c60\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6211\u5011\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u751a\u81f3\u5bb6\u5ead\u7528\u7684\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u96fb\u677f\u5927\u529b\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u66b8\u89e3\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u512a\u9ede\u3001\u7f3a\u9ede\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u4f60\u66f4\u6a02\u610f\u53bb\u505a\u9019\u500b\u5617\u8a66\u3002
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\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u81fa\u7063\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5927\u529b\u63d0\u5021\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u770b\u5230\u6bcf\u5e74\u6b63\u4ee5\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u6210\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u3001\u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u5c6c\u65bc\u9593\u6b47\u6027\u767c\u96fb\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u89e3\u6cd5\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c92\u592a\u967d\u548c\u98a8\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5462\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/","title":"\u80fd\u6e90","text":"\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e5\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66b8\u89e3\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u63d0\u7684\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff08renewable energy\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u80fd\u6e90\u5462\uff1f
\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a73\u95b1 Sustainable Energy - without the host air\u3002
\u4eba\u985e\u88fd\u9020\u96fb\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u71b1\u6c34\u4f86\u8f49\u52d5\u6e26\u8f2a\u4e26\u9032\u800c\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u78c1\u53cd\u61c9\u7522\u96fb\uff0c\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u5149\u96fb\u53cd\u61c9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u7a2e\u985e","title":"\u7a2e\u985e","text":"\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u958b\u59cb\u51b7\u537b\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u958b\u59cb\u51b7\u975c\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d 90% \u662f\u6c2b\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u6c26\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u96f2\u72c0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7fa4\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u539f\u5b50\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u6838\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u500b\u8f15\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5176\u904e\u7a0b\u70ba\u6838\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u6703\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u80fd\u91cf\u6703\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u5176\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u662f\u91cd\u529b\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u8655\u65bc\u5e7e\u8fd1\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc\u96f6\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u5169\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u529b\u4e92\u76f8\u9760\u8fd1\u548c\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u78b0\u649e\u5c31\u662f\u9020\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7fa4\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u9010\u6f38\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u3002
Gravity is the spark that enabled everything.
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\u71b5
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u529b","title":"\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u529b","text":"\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u5e74\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u80fd\u91cf\uff1f\\(18 TW\\)\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u767c\u96fb\uff08\u7d04 \\(6 TW\\)\uff09\u3001\u904b\u8f38\u3001\u52a0\u71b1\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u767c\u71b1\u8017\u640d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u662f 2018\uff08\u6210\u66f8\u5e74\u4efd\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8017\u80fd\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u905e\u589e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7bc0\u80fd\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u548c\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b63\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u570b\u57fa\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7d04\u70ba 10 \u6bd4 1\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u6838\u878d\u5408","title":"\u6838\u878d\u5408","text":"\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u985e\u6bd4\u8f03\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u90fd\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6c2b\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4e26\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u5f37\u529b\u300d\u88ab\u62c6\u89e3\u800c\u7522\u80fd\uff09\uff1a
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u6838\u5206\u88c2","title":"\u6838\u5206\u88c2","text":"\u76ee\u524d\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u7522\u80fd\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\u904b\u8f38\u548c\u71c3\u71d2\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7d04\u4f54 10%\u3002\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7522\u80fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u923e\u2014235\uff09\u6253\u6210\u5169\u500b\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u71b1\u6c34\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u5e36\u52d5\u6e26\u8f2a\u8f49\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u8b93\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u6838\u878d\u5408\u5728\u5546\u696d\u61c9\u7528\u4e0a\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u751f\u537b\u5f88\u96e3\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u878d\u5408\u5f88\u96e3\u767c\u751f\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
Fusion energy generation is difficult to start, but easy to stop.
Fission energy generation is easy to start, but difficult to stop.
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\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u4ee5\u6b50\u6d32\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u6b50\u76df\u96fb\u7db2\uff0c\u7576\u570b\u5bb6\u751f\u7522\u591a\u9918\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u91cb\u653e\u9032\u96fb\u7db2\u4e2d\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u5920\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u7db2\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u4e26\u4ed8\u8cbb\u7d66\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e Agora Electricity Data \u4f86\u627e\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u800c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u5fb7\u570b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u82b1\u8cbb\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7d93\u8cbb\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u7576\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u7de3\u6a19\u7684\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u592a\u967d\u80fd\uff08\u9ec3\u8272\uff09\u662f\u500b\u4f4e\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\uff0c\u6bcf\u5230\u4e86\u665a\u4e0a\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u964d\u81f3\u96f6\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u4f46\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u91cf\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f86\u8b93\u767d\u5929\u7684\u96fb\u4f9b\u7d66\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5132\u80fd\u76f8\u95dc\u7d30\u7bc0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7559\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\uff1b \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u67d0\u5e7e\u5929\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0b\u96e8\u3001\u9670\u5929\u3001\u9727\u973e\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c31\u5f88\u8f03\u96e3\u9810\u6e2c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u7e3d\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5169\u500d\uff0c\u7576\u767c\u751f\u9670\u5929\u6642\u6548\u7387\u6e1b\u534a\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u9700\uff1b \u6216\u8005\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6563\u592a\u967d\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u9670\u5929\u4f46\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u908a\u662f\u5927\u592a\u967d\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u7db2\u628a\u591a\u9918\u7684\u96fb\u8f38\u9001\u7d66\u9670\u5929\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u9670\u5929\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8b93\u8017\u96fb\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u6389\u51b7\u6c23\uff09\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u592a\u967d\u80fd\uff0c\u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\uff08\u85cd\u8272\uff09\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u65e5\u591c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u537b\u5f88\u96e3\u9810\u6e2c\u5176\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5cf0\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u98a8\u529b\u8f03\u4e0d\u53d7\u65e5\u591c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u628a\u5b83\u7576\u6210\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u591c\u665a\u5099\u7528\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5176\u5be6\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5132\u5b58\u96fb\u80fd\u81f3\u591c\u665a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u6703\u66f4\u660e\u986f\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\uff08capacity factor\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u9593\u5340\u9593\u4e2d\u5be6\u969b\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5 2010 \u5e74\u5e15\u6d1b\u97cb\u5fb7\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\uff08\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u70ba 3,942 MW \u800c\u8a72\u5e74\u5ea6\u7e3d\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u70ba 31,200,000 MWh\uff0c\u63db\u7b97\u6210\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u5247\u70ba \\(\\frac{31,200,000\\; MW\\cdot h}{\\left (365\\; days\\right )\\times \\left (24 \\; hours/day \\right )\\times \\left (3942\\; MW\\right )}=0.904=90.4\\%\\)\u3002 \u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u767d\u5929\u6642\u9593\u548c\u5929\u6c23\uff0c\u5176\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5 Agua Caliente Solar Project \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u5916\u5ba3\u7a31\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u53ef\u767c\u96fb 290 MW\uff0c\u800c\u5e74\u5ea6\u767c\u96fb\u7e3d\u91cf\u70ba 740,000 MWh \u63db\u7b97\u4e0b\u4f86\u7d04\u70ba 29.1%\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8b93\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\u9054\u5230\u548c\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u7e3d\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u81f3\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u7684\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u4ee5 Agua Caliente Solar Project \u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u7522\u80fd\u8981\u5f9e\u539f\u672c\u7684 290 MW \u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u7d04 12,000 MW\u3002
\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u5230\u4e86\u51ac\u5929\u6703\u662f\u590f\u5929\u7684\u516d\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u65b9\u5f0f\u5176\u5be6\u548c\u9670\u5929\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u91cf\u5c3a\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88dd\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\u5230\u590f\u5929\u6240\u9700\u7684\u516d\u500d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a\u8655\u7406\u9670\u5929\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5341\u4e8c\u500d\u7684\u91cf\uff1b \u53e6\u5916\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5357\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u8f38\u96fb\u7dda\uff0c\u7576\u5317\u534a\u7403\u9032\u5165\u51ac\u5929\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u592a\u967d\u4f86\u628a\u767c\u96fb\u9001\u5f80\u5317\u534a\u7403\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u98a8\u529b\u548c\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u51ac\u5929\u7684\u98a8\u529b\u6bd4\u590f\u5929\u7684\u5f37\u7d04\u4e09\u500d \uff08\u5982\u540c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u98a8\u529b\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u51ac\u5929\u8d64\u9053\u548c\u8d64\u9053\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6eab\u5dee\u8f03\u9ad8\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5169\u8005\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u5f62\u6210\u4e92\u88dc\u3002
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\u7576\u7136\u5982\u540c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6574\u5408\u773e\u591a\u53ef\u884c\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u5132\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u5132\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"\u4ee5\u5fb7\u570b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u98a8\u529b\u548c\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u88dc\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6839\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u5929\u5132\u5b58 25~30% \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u4f9b\u61c9\u591c\u665a\u7684\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c 5~10% \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u4f9b\u61c9\u51ac\u5929\u7684\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u4f30\u8a08\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u3002
2021 \u5e74\u4e2d\u570b\u80fd\u6e90\u5c40\u7684\u5132\u80fd\u7522\u696d\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u5ffd\u8996\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5132\u80fd\u7522\u696d\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5206\u5225\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u3001\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u97d3\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u3002
\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5132\u96fb\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6c34\u4f4d\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u88fd\u9020\u591a\u9918\u7684\u96fb\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u99ac\u9054\u628a\u4e0b\u6e38\u6c34\u5eab\u7684\u6c34\u9001\u5f80\u4e0a\u6e38\u6c34\u5eab\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u96fb\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u91cd\u529b\u4f4d\u80fd\u5dee\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u70ba\u76f8\u7576\u9ad8\u7684 75%\u3002 \u7136\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u6cb3\u6d41\u548c\u6e56\u6cca\u7684\u6c34\u90fd\u5f80\u4e0a\u62ac\u6607 30 \u516c\u5c3a\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u4f4d\u80fd\u5dee1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u5e74\u6240\u9700\u7684 5%\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u8aaa\u6c34\u529b\u50c5\u80fd\u4f9b\u61c9\u7d04\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u9700\u7684 10%\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6c34\u529b\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u6211\u5011\u5132\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u71b1\u80fd\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u628a\u591a\u9918\u7684\u96fb\u80fd\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u71b1\u5730\u5e95\u7d04\u4e94\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u5c64\u5230\u7d04 \\(50^\\circ C\\)\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u5ca9\u77f3\u7684\u4f4e\u5c0e\u71b1\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u7acb\u65b9\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u7d04 \\(10^8J\\) \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981 0.1% \u7684\u9678\u584a\u9762\u7a4d\u5c31\u80fd\u5132\u5b58 5% \u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u71b1\u80fd\u88fd\u9020\u96fb\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u6eab\u5ea6\u5dee\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u4e26\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e78\u904b\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u8f49\u70ba\u96fb\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u71b1\u80fd\u4f86\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u5ea6\u904e\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u51ac\u5929\uff08\u51ac\u5929\u4fdd\u6eab\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7d04\u4f54\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u8017\u80fd\u7684 10%\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5132\u5b58\u51b7\u6c23\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5230\u590f\u5929\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u71b1\u5132\u5b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u6211\u4e0a\u7db2\u67e5\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fb7\u570b\u67cf\u6797\u570b\u6703\u5927\u6a13\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5fb7\u96f7\u514b\u793e\u5340\u7bc0\u7701\u4e86 97% \u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9b\u6696\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u82ac\u862d\u516c\u53f8\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u5546\u7528\u6c99\u71b1\u5132\u5b58\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u70cf\u4fc4\u6230\u722d\u5c0e\u81f4\u5929\u7136\u6c23\u4f9b\u61c9\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u65bc 2023 \u5e74\u7981\u6b62\u65b0\u5efa\u5929\u7136\u6c23\u4f9b\u6696\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5168\u6c70\u63db\u4e4b\u7b49\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c602\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u9ad8\u96fb\u80fd\u56de\u6536\u7387\uff08\u5927\u7d04\u70ba 80~90%\uff09\u9084\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002 \u4ee5 2022 \u5e74\u7279\u65af\u62c9 PowerWall \u7684\u96f6\u552e\u50f9 7500$ \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58 \\(13.5\\; kWh\\) \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e26\u4fdd\u8b49\u904b\u4f5c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u56de\u5145\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u7d04 \\(3650 \\times 13.5=49,275\\; kWh\\) \u7684\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf kWh \u7d04 0.15$\uff08\u7d04 4 \u584a\u53f0\u5e63\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u4e4e\u548c\u767c\u96fb\u7684\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u5212\u7b97\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4e0b\u5f88\u591a\u5546\u696d\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f0f\u7684\u5132\u80fd\u6a5f\u5236\u90fd\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u7d30\u90e8\u904b\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u65e5\u591c\u5132\u80fd\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u6709\u500b\u5927\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u53ea\u9069\u5408\u5c0f\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u5132\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u653e\u4e00\u500b\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u4e5f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u5132\u5b58\u590f\u5929\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u5229\u51ac\u5929\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u4e0d\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u92f0\u5728\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5b58\u91cf\u4f30\u8a08\u53ea\u6709 2800 \u842c\u9813\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5 1 \u514b\u7684\u92f0\u80fd\u5132\u5b58 4000 \u7126\u8033\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7d04 60 \u5104\u5678\u7684\u92f0\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u6709 2000 \u5104\u5678\u7684\u92f0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u8403\u53d6\u6d77\u6d0b\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u8981\u7b49\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u4f86\u8b93\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u6d77\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u4e0a\u4f86\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u900f\u904e\u6d77\u6d0b\u8403\u53d6\u92f0\u662f\u500b\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5c07\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002 \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u5148\u5929\u7684\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u7d04\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u8d85\u904e\u9019\u500b\u5e74\u4efd\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5927\u5927\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u80fd\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5e74\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u96fb\u6c60\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5c07\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4e58\u4ee5 365 \u500d\uff0c\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u5730\u5c07\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6210\u672c\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f8b\u5982\u7194\u9e7d\uff08Molten Salt\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u71b1\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6db2\u5316\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u9069\u5408\u5927\u578b\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u4e14\u6210\u672c\u6bd4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6578\u500d\uff1b \u58d3\u7e2e\u7a7a\u6c23\uff08CAES\uff09\u81f3\u6db2\u9ad4\u5f8c\u518d\u8b93\u5176\u8f49\u6210\u6c23\u9ad4\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6548\u80fd\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1b \u8d85\u96fb\u5bb9\uff08Super-capacitor\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5132\u5b58\u96fb\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u662f\u6548\u7387\u904e\u4f4e\uff1b \u98db\u8f2a\uff08flywheels\uff09\u900f\u904e\u7dad\u6301\u52d5\u80fd\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6c7d\u8eca\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u715e\u8eca\u6642\uff0c\u8b93\u8a72\u52d5\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u98db\u8f2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u8d77\u6b65\u5f8c\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82e5\u7528\u65bc\u96fb\u80fd\u5247\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u968e\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1","title":"\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1","text":"\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u6216\u8a2d\u5099\u5728\u96fb\u529b\u7522\u80fd\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6e1b\u5c11\u6240\u9700\u7684\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8a2d\u5099\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u77ed\u6642\u9593\uff08\u6578\u5c0f\u6642\uff09\u7684\u505c\u96fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51b7\u6c23\u3001\u6c34\u6ce5\u78be\u78e8\u6a5f\u3001\u6d77\u6c34\u6de1\u5316\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7522\u80fd\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6bcf\u55ae\u4f4d\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u50f9\u9322\u4f86\u8a98\u4f7f\u4f01\u696d\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u524d\u9762\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u5132\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u628a\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6642\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5132\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u6642\u4e0d\u9760\u5916\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5167\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u3002
\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u662f\u50c5\u5141\u8a31\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u7684\u505c\u96fb\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u51ac\u5929\u6216\u96e8\u5b63\u9019\u7a2e\u9577\u9054\u6578\u5929\u751a\u81f3\u6578\u6708\u7684\u4f4e\u7522\u80fd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u592a\u967d\u80fd\uff09\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u6311\u6230\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2","title":"\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2","text":"\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2\u5176\u5be6\u6eff\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u8f38\u9001\u81f3\u6b50\u6d32\u6216\u975e\u6d32\u5404\u5730\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 DESERTEC\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7576\u5317\u534a\u7403\u9032\u5165\u51ac\u5929\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u96fb\u80fd\u8f38\u9001\u81f3\u5317\u534a\u7403\uff08\u900f\u904e\u9ad8\u58d3\u76f4\u6d41\u4f86\u8f38\u9001\uff09\u3002
\u9ad8\u58d3\u76f4\u6d41\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f DESERTEC \u6709\u5728\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u96fb\u7db2\u3002
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u5efa\u7acb\u96fb\u7db2\u5c31\u597d\uff1f
\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5929\u6c23\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u5f85\u88dc\u5716\uff0cMaybe from wind Europe.
\u5118\u7ba1\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u9593\u6b47\u6027\u80fd\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u6700\u80fd\u88ab\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u6cd5\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u767d\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u969c\u7919\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002 \u751f\u7522\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u4ee5\u81fa\u7063\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c 110 \u5e74\u6b72\u51fa\u70ba 2 \u5146\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81fa\u96fb\u5728\u8a72\u5e74\u5ea6\u7d04\u82b1\u4e86 7000 \u5104\u4f86\u751f\u7522\u96fb\u80fd\uff09\uff0c\u64f4\u589e\u96fb\u7db2\u4ee3\u8868\u9700\u8981\u6295\u8cc7\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u9322\u5728\u570b\u5916\u4e26\u58d3\u7e2e\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u96fb\u80fd\u7684\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u9084\u6703\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u96fb\u7dda\u7d93\u904e\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u96fb\u529b\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9577\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6848\u5982\u6c34\u4e0b\u96fb\u7e9c\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u672c\u4ecd\u9ad8\u5230\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u76ca\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u7d50\u8a9e","title":"\u7d50\u8a9e","text":"\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u9664\u4e86\u6838\u80fd\u548c\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u8db3\u91cf\u5730\u88dc\u5145\uff08\u88dc\u5145\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u65bc\u6d88\u8017\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u4e86\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u90fd\u8db3\u5920\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c34\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u628a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6c34\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u90fd\u62ff\u4f86\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u96fb\u4e94\u5341\u5104\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u90fd\u62b5\u4e0d\u904e\u76ee\u524d\u9810\u4f30\u7684\u6240\u6709\u77f3\u6cb9\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5c31\u6703\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u6bd4\u8f03\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u592a\u967d\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u96fb\u677f\u672a\u4f86 20 \u5e74\u8b93\u5b83\u7a69\u5b9a\u767c\u96fb\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5de5\u5ee0\u88fd\u9020\u6642\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u4ecd\u662f\u6838\u80fd\u6bcf\u55ae\u4f4d\u80fd\u91cf\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u4e09\u500d\u3002
\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u512a\u52a3\u52e2\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5230\u6aaf\u9762\u4e0a\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u7684\u9762\u5411\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u5716\u5404\u500b\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u860a\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u64f7\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e0b\u8868\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002
\u7a2e\u985e \u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u591a\u4e45 \u9593\u6b47\u6027\u80fd\u6e90 D-T \u6838\u878d\u5408 1 \u5104\u5e74 \u5426 D-D \u6838\u878d\u5408 100 \u5104\u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014235 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u9678\u5730\uff09 100 \u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014238 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u9678\u5730\uff09 1 \u842c\u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014235 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\uff09 1 \u842c\u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014238 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\uff09 100 \u842c\u5e74 \u5426 \u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599 100 \u5e74 \u5426\u975e\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03
\u7a2e\u985e \u4f54\u4eba\u985e\u8017\u80fd\u6bd4 \u9593\u6b47\u6027\u80fd\u6e90 \u5730\u71b1 0.1 \u5426 \u592a\u967d\u80fd 100 \u9031\u671f\u6027 \u98a8\u529b 1 \u662f \u751f\u8cea\u80fd 0.1 \u5426 \u7de9\u6162\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599 0.000001 \u5426 \u6c34\u529b 0.1 \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f \u6f6e\u6c50 0.01 \u4e5f\u8a31 \u6d77\u6d6a 0.01 \u662f\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03
\u4f9d\u7167\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u672a\u4f86\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u6e90\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e09\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff1a
\u7576\u62ac\u5347\u7684\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u628a 1 \u516c\u5678\u7684\u6c34\u62ac\u5347 10 \u516c\u5c3a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u628a 0.01 \u516c\u5678\u7684\u6c34\u62ac\u5347 1000 \u516c\u5c3a\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u92f0\u96fb\u6c60\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u96fb\u6c60\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u5247\u662f\u53ef\u5145\u96fb\u96fb\u6c60\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u6838\u529b\u5728\u5169\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u76f8\u8ddd 1fm \uff08\u98db\u7c73\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc \\(10^{-15}\\) \u7c73\uff09\u4e0b\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u675f\u7e1b\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8ddd\u96e2\u5c0f\u65bc 0.7fm \u6642\u537b\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5f62\u5851\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u6216\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u534a\u5f91\u5927\u7d04\u662f 0.85fm \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u537b\u662f\u4ee5\u57c3\uff08\u7b49\u65bc \\(10^{-10}\\) \u7c73\uff09\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u5176\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u3002
\u6838\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff08strong force\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u5728\u7d04 0.8fm \u8ddd\u96e2\u4e0b\u6703\u7528\u4f86\u675f\u7e1b\u8cea\u5b50\u5167\u7684\u57ae\u514b\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u800c\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u6216\u4e2d\u5b50\uff08\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u5b50\uff0c\u4e09\u500b\u57ae\u514b\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u90fd\u53eb\u505a\u91cd\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u8cea\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u57ae\u514b\u548c\u57ae\u514b\u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u900f\u904e\u50b3\u905e\u81a0\u5b50\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u57ae\u514b\u6703\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u92b7\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u56e0\u70ba\u81a0\u5b50\u800c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f35\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u76f8\u6d88\u7684\u81a0\u5b50\u6703\u6709\u6b98\u9918\u7684\u91cf\u8dd1\u51fa\u91cd\u5b50\uff08residual strong force\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6838\u529b\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u4f86\u66b8\u89e3\u9019\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u81a0\u5b50\u4ea4\u6d41\u72c0\u6cc1\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f37\u529b\u660e\u660e\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u8b8a\u5f37\uff0c\u4f46\u6838\u529b\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u3002\u9019\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u6bd4\u925b\u9084\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u88ab\u62c9\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u6838\u529b\u964d\u4f4e\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\u4f46\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u537b\u4e0d\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u529b\u7121\u6cd5\u7a69\u5b9a\u652f\u6490\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u3002
eV
\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\uff08Electron Volt\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u5eab\u502b\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7126\u8033\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u7d1a\u7684\u5834\u57df\u6703\u986f\u5f97\u904e\u5927\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u4e88\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7d04\u70ba \\(10^{-13}\\) \u7126\u8033\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u63db\u9001\u6210\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\u5247\u7d04\u70ba \\(10^{6}\\) eV\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\u7d04\u70ba \\(1.6\\times 10^{-19}\\) \u7126\u8033\u3002
\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8cea\u80fd\u516c\u5f0f\u548c\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u5206\u5225\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\uff0c1eV \u7d04\u70ba \\(1.8\\times 10^{-36}\\) kg \u548c \\(10^{4}\\) K\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u5f8c\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u6703\u4ee5\u9418\u578b\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u6709\u4e86\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63db\u6210\u6eab\u5ea6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/","title":"\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u4e16\u754c","text":"TBD
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u6ce2\u9577","title":"\u6ce2\u9577","text":"\u900f\u904e \u8d6b\u7f85\u5716\uff08H-R diagram\uff09\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4eae\u5ea6\u548c\u984f\u8272\u5340\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u661f\u9ad4\u3002 X \u8ef8\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u70ba\u85cd\u81f3\u7d05\uff1bY \u8ef8\u7531\u4e0b\u81f3\u4e0a\u70ba\u6697\u81f3\u4eae\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u592a\u967d\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u9593\u504f\u5de6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08Luminosity = 1, Temperature = 5778K\uff09\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede","title":"\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede","text":"\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u9322\u3002
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Wikimedia Commons under the CCA license.
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\u54c8\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u62cd\u7684 Crab Nebula\u3002
\u54c8\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u62cd\u7684 Hourglass Nebula\u3002
Wikimedia Commons under the CCA license.
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u9ed1\u6d1e","title":"\u9ed1\u6d1e","text":"\u6709\u4e86\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d42\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u8a08\u7b97\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e86\u3002
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\u5047\u8a2d\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff08\u8cea\u91cf \\(M\\)\uff09\u548c\u85cd\u5de8\u661f\uff08\u8cea\u91cf \\(m\\)\uff09\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u91cd\u529b\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u5176\u529b\u6703\u7528\u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u7e5e\u884c\u7684\u89d2\u901f\u5ea6\uff08v\uff09\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} F &= \\frac{GMm}{r^2} \\\\ &= \\frac{mv^2}{r} \\end{align*}\\]\u53e6\u5916\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u89d2\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} v = \\frac{2\\pi r}{t} \\end{align*}\\]\u6574\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u500b\u5f0f\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8a72\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} M = \\frac{v^3t}{2\\pi G} \\end{align*}\\]\u628a\u5e38\u6578\u5e36\u9032\u53bb\u7b97\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8cea\u91cf\u7d04\u70ba 16 \u500d\u7684\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u3002 \u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u63a8\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u4e0a\u9650\u3002
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\\[\\begin{align*} r &= vt \\\\ &= 3\\times 10^{8} \\times \\frac{1}{100} \\\\ &= 3\\times 10^{6}m \\\\ &= 3\\times 10^{3}km \\end{align*}\\]\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5929\u9d5d\u5ea7X-1 \u5728\u50c5\u50c5\u7684 3000 \u516c\u91cc\u5167\u5c31\u88dd\u8457 16 \u9846\u592a\u967d\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u611f\u6e2c\u5668","title":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668","text":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u66ff\u6211\u5011\u505a\u56db\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a
\u4ee5\u54c8\u4f2f\u8d85\u6df1\u7a7a\u8996\u5834\uff08Hubble eXtreme Deep Field, HXDF\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c \u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u611f\u6e2c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff08\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff09\u6700\u6697\u6700\u9060\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u539f\u5730\u66dd\u5149\u4e86 23 \u5929\u3002
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\u4f8b\u5982\u76ee\u524d\uff082022\uff09\u53ef\u89c0\u6e2c\u6700\u9060\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u662f GN-z11\uff0c \u5b83\u8ddd\u96e2\u5730\u7403 134 \u5104\u5149\u5e74\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u51fa\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u56db\u5104\u5e74\u5f8c\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#ccd","title":"CCD","text":"1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u767c\u660e\u7684 CCD \u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u611f\u5149\u5100\u5668\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u65bc\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea6\u6709\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u611f\u5149\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u611f\u5149\u5e79\u677f\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7d04 1% \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5149\u7dda\uff0c \u4f46 CCD \u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u5230 80%\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684","title":"\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f","text":"\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u5176\u983b\u7387\uff08\u6ce2\u9577\uff09\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8d8a\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u5f37\u3002 \u7576\u5149\u7dda\u64c1\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u539f\u5b50\u88e1\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u80fd\u91cf\u8e8d\u9077\u3002 \u96fb\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u80fd\u91cf\u8e8d\u9077\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u9077\u79fb\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\u6240\u793a\u3002
\u80fd\u8b93\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u5c0e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6642 \uff08\u8a72\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\u7a31\u70ba\u5c0e\u5e36\uff09\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u6b64\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u8a72\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u983b\u7387\u3002 \u7576\u6301\u7e8c\u7167\u5c04\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e26\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u96fb\u5b50\u6536\u96c6\u4e26\u8a08\u7b97\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4f9d\u6b64\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u5f37\u5f31\u3002
\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u9996\u9078\u5c31\u662f\u77fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\u53c8\u5f88\u597d\u5370\u5237\u51fa\u96fb\u8def\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\uff08\u975e\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e0a\uff09\u9032\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u5617\u8a66\u3002 \u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u5c31\u53c8\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u8a72\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u826f\u7387\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u994b\u7d66\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002 \u9019\u4e5f\u56de\u5230\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6536\u96c6\u96fb\u5b50","title":"\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6536\u96c6\u96fb\u5b50\uff1f","text":"CCD \u662f\u7528 MOS \uff08Metal\u2013Oxide\u2013Semiconductor\uff09\u4f86\u6536\u96c6\u96fb\u5b50\u3002 \u5229\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u96fb\u58d3\uff08Metal\uff09\u8b93\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff08Semiconductor\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u671d\u8457\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u9032\uff0c \u6700\u7d42\u6703\u6709\u500b\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\uff08Oxide\uff09\u64cb\u4f4f\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u56f0\u4f4f\u4ed6\u3002
CCD \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7d44 MOS\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u7d04\u70ba \\(15\\mu m\\)\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5 6x6 \\(cm\\) \u7684 CCD \u5c31\u6709 4000x4000 \u500b\u4f4d\u5143\uff08\\(6cm / 15\\mu m = 4000\\)\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8a08\u7b97\u96fb\u5b50","title":"\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8a08\u7b97\u96fb\u5b50\uff1f","text":"CCD \u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\uff0c \u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba CMOS \u6216 Active Pixel Sensors \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5feb\u901f\u4f46\u6703\u6709\u96dc\u8a0a\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u76f8\u6a5f\u3002
\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5247\u662f\u9069\u5408\u7528\u5728\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u4e0a\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba Charge Coupling \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u5faa\u5e8f\uff08\u4ee5 6 \\(cm\\) \u7684 CCD \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u56db\u5343\u5c64\uff09\u91cb\u653e\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c \u628a\u96fb\u5b50\u6162\u6162\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e26\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u6162\uff086x6 \\(cm\\) \u7684 CCD \u9700\u8981\u7d04\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\u4f86\u5224\u8b80\uff09\u4f46\u662f\u7cbe\u6e96\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c","title":"\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c","text":"\u7406\u89e3 CCD \u9019\u985e\u611f\u5149\u8a2d\u5099\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u300c\u62cd\u651d\u300d\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5149\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u3002
\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u6eab\u5ea6\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u5c04\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51b0\u584a\u3001\u88ab\u5fae\u5875\u5305\u88f9\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u3002 \u7136\u800c\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b93\u77fd\u9032\u5165\u5c0e\u5e36\uff0c \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u88fd\u4f5c\u611f\u5149\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 CMT\u3002
\u7279\u6b8a\u5149\u6e90\u7684\u611f\u6e2c\u8a2d\u5099\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u91d1
\u6bcf\u7a2e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u983b\u7387\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6750\u8cea\u4f86\u611f\u6e2c\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6750\u8cea\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u77fd\u9019\u9ebc\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u90fd\u6703\u53c8\u6602\u8cb4\u53c8\u7cbe\u5bc6\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u7403\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6578\u500b\u5718\u968a\u5728\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u5df2\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c\u7684\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c\u7684\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u6709\u4e86\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u661f\u9ad4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u8a72\u661f\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u9060\u96e2\u3002
Sky at Night Magazine
\u56e0\u70ba \u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u6548\u61c9 \u548c \u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b87\u5b99\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5feb\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7d05\u79fb\u73fe\u8c61\u548c\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u661f\u9ad4\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u63db\u7b97\u5176\u548c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002
Early star-forming galaxies and the re-ionization of the Universe
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u54c8\u4f2f\u8d85\u6df1\u7a7a\u8996\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u53bb\u611f\u6e2c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u3002 \u4e0a\u5716\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u9060\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5730\u7403\u7d04 130 \u5104\u5149\u5e74\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u89c0\u6e2c\u5b83\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u5b87\u5b99\u6210\u5f62\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c","title":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c","text":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u653e\u5728\u51b7\u537b\u6db2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\u4e2d\u3002
\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7269\u9ad4\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u6eab\u5ea6\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u5c04\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff08\u9060\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u611f\u6e2c\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u76e1\u91cf\u51b7\u537b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u71b1\u5e72\u64fe\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee3\u8868\u96fb\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5e36\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u52d5\u80fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u5167\u80fd\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u6216\u6643\u52d5\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u5b83\u7a81\u7834\u5c0e\u5e36\uff0c\u4e26\u5f71\u97ff\u6210\u50cf\u3002
\u9664\u4e86 CCD\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 KIDS\uff08Kinetic Inductance Detection System\uff09\u3002 \u9084\u6709\u5f9e\u6295\u5f71\u6a5f\u6280\u8853\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u5149\u8655\u7406\uff08Digital Micro Mirrors\uff09\u6280\u8853\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u96fb\u8166","title":"\u96fb\u8166","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5 \u5132\u5b58 \u5927\u91cf\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u7e41\u96dc\u4e14\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684 \u8a08\u7b97\u3002 \u96fb\u8166\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u584a\uff0c\u5176\u512a\u52e2\u6709\uff1a
\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u6821\u6e96
\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5927\u6c23\u5e72\u64fe\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u5929\u9ad4\u7684\u5149\u7dda\u9032\u5165\u5730\u7403\u524d\u6703\u6643\u52d5\u3002
CANARY's Laser Launch
\u900f\u904e\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u96f7\u5c04\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u7576\u524d\u5927\u6c23\u5c0d\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c \u518d\u53cd\u63a8\u56de\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u548c\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","title":"\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u822c\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u529b","title":"\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u529b","text":"CCD \u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\uff08MOS\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58 2 bytes\uff0816 bits\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e00\u6392\u6709 4000 \u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c \u6bcf\u5f35 CCD \u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u5c31\u6703\u6709 32 MB \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u6709\u591a\u500b CCD \u4f86\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5f35\u5929\u6587\u7167\u7247\u7d04\u9700\u8981\u6578 GB \u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u8981\u7167\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff08\\(360^{\\circ}\\)\uff09\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u5f35\u7167\u7247\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e00\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u5927\u7d04\u6703\u7167\u5230 \\(0.3^{\\circ}\\) \u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7d04 10 TB \u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5132\u5b58\u4e00\u591c\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u5929\u6578\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u9695\u77f3\uff09\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5c07\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","title":"\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","text":"\u6709\u4e86\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u64ec\u5b87\u5b99\u6210\u5f62\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u7269\u9ad4\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\uff08\\(10^6\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 \\((10^6)^2 = 10^{12}\\) \u6b21\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c \u7576\u6578\u91cf\u9054\u5230\u6578\u5104\u500b\uff0c\u5c07\u8b93\u96fb\u8166\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u9593\u62c9\u9577\u5230\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\u9019\u9084\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7d00\u9304\u4e00\u767e\u6b65\u751a\u81f3\u6578\u5104\u6b65\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u9593\u5c07\u6703\u62c9\u5f97\u66f4\u9577\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u9695\u77f3","title":"\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u9695\u77f3","text":"NASA Approaching Asteroid
\u6bcf\u5929\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u89c0\u6e2c\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u5b58\u9032\u96fb\u8166\u91cc\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u627e\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b63\u5728\u671d\u8457\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9032\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u9810\u6e2c\u5176\u649e\u4e0a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5462\uff1f
\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u665a\u6703\u7d00\u9304\u5404\u500b\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u8a8d\u5176\u79fb\u52d5\u9031\u671f\u548c\u79fb\u52d5\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u662f\u7e5e\u8457\u592a\u967d\u8f49\u9084\u662f\u671d\u8457\u5730\u7403\u8d70\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u8a72\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u8ddd\u96e2\u9060\u8fd1\u6240\u5f97\u4e4b\u3002
\\[\\begin{align} v &= d/t \\nonumber \\\\ &= 2\\pi r/t \\label{vr} \\end{align}\\]\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u7576\u4f5c\u904b\u8f49\u7684\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} GMm /r^{2} = mv^2/ r \\\\ \\Rightarrow v^2 = GM /r \\end{align*}\\]\u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u524d\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u7e5e\u884c\u534a\u5f91\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} v^2 = GM/r = (2\\pi r/t)^2 \\end{align*}\\] \\[\\begin{align*} r^3 = \\frac{GMt^2}{4\\pi ^2} \\end{align*}\\]\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u5f97\u51fa\u7e5e\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\\(v\\)\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5149\u8b5c\u5716","title":"\u5149\u8b5c\u5716","text":"\u900f\u904e\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u9664\u6b21\u4e4b\u5916\u672c\u7ae0\u4e5f\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u600e\u9ebc\u7372\u5f97\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5176\u63a8\u4f30\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u6697\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7372\u5f97\uff1a
\u611f\u6e2c\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u983b\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u6703\u6bd4\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7d71\u8a08\u5404\u500b\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u756b\u51fa \u8d6b\u7f85\u5716\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u7d44\u6210","title":"\u7d44\u6210","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u5438\u6536\u4e0d\u540c\u983b\u7387\u7684\u5149\uff08\u505a\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u8df3\u8e8d\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5149\u8b5c\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5927\u6c23\u5c64\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7be9\u9078\u4e00\u4e0b\uff09\u3002
Wikimedia Commons under the CCA license.
\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4f86\u7d44\u6210\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u661f\u96f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u91cb\u653e\u80fd\u968e
HIFI Cht3. HIFI Scientific Capabilities and Performance
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u901f\u5ea6","title":"\u901f\u5ea6","text":"Nitrogen II emission line measured galaxy M87.
\u4e0a\u5716\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c \u5de6\u908a\u662f\u9ad8\u983b\uff08\u900f\u904e \u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u5074\u6b63\u9760\u8fd1\u6211\u5011\uff09\u3001 \u53f3\u908a\u662f\u4f4e\u983b\uff08\u9060\u96e2\uff09\u6240\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u661f\u7cfb\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u9006\u6642\u91dd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u65cb\u8f49\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u900f\u904e\u524d\u8ff0\u6e2c\u91cf\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c \u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u6574\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u5927\u65bc\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u661f\u661f\u7e3d\u548c\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f30\u8a08\u4e2d\u9593\u6709\u500b\u8cea\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u65b9\u6cd5","title":"\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"\u65e9\u671f\u725b\u9813\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u89d2\u7a1c\u93e1\uff08prism\uff09\u89c0\u6e2c\u5149\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c \u4f46\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u67f5\uff08Diffraction grating\uff09\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u5404\u7a2e\u983b\u7387\u7684\u5149\u3002
Diffraction Grating
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Andy Lawrence \u7d44\u5408\u591a\u5f35 AAT \u7684\u7167\u7247\u800c\u6210\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u6697\u80fd\u91cf","title":"\u6697\u80fd\u91cf","text":"\u5982\u540c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7d05\u5de8\u661f\uff0c\u91cd\u529b\u6703\u628a\u661f\u9ad4\u5411\u5167\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u6838\u878d\u5408\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u518d\u628a\u661f\u9ad4\u5411\u5916\u6490\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u5f62\u72c0\u3002
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The Gobbling Dwarf that Exploded
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\u7531\u6b64\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 1a \u985e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u8d8a\u6697\uff08\u9060\uff09\u7684 1a \u985e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f \u5176\u983b\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c \u4ee3\u8868\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u6b63\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u3002
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\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c \u7576\u4f60\u5728\u6b23\u8cde\u97cb\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u6240\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u7167\u7247\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u6642\uff0c \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u611f\u5462\uff01
\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8da3\u9023\u7d50\uff1a
\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u770b\u6838\u878d\u5408\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6642\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u63a5\u89f8\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u89c0\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u65bc \u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff08special relativity\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u64b0\u5beb\u3002 \u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u6eff\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u52d5\u529b\u5427\uff0c\u5148\u63a5\u89f8\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u624d\u53bb\u63a5\u89f8\u539f\u7406\u6642\uff0c\u611f\u89f8\u6703\u66f4\u6df1\u3002
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\u5b89\u57f9\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7a31\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u2014\u5b89\u57f9\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u4e2d\u96fb\u6d41\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u96fb\u5834\u548c\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u78c1\u5e38\u6578 \\(\\mu_0\\)\u300d\u3002 \u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3 \u6642\u7a7a \u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\uff0c\u96fb\u529b\u548c\u78c1\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u5206\u5225\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002 \uff08\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u4ee5\u524d\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u5c0d\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u7684\u8b9a\u5606\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u8b93\u6211\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff09
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\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e0d\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u60f3\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u667a\u529b\u767c\u80b2\u9072\u7de9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9577\u5927\u5f8c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u2014 \u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/special-relativity/#\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6","title":"\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6","text":"\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u900f\u904e\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u52d5\u91cf\u3001\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff08general relativity\uff09\u5247\u662f\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91cd\u529b\u3002
\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u5f4e\u66f2\u4e26\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u50c5\u8003\u616e\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff08\u91cd\u529b\u5834\uff09\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
It helps in analyzing gravitation to consider a situation where gravity is mocked up by acceleration. Focus attention on a region so far from any attracting matter, and so free of disturbance, that spacetime there can be consider to be flat and to have Lorentz geometry. .... When spacetime is flat, move however one will, special relativity can handle the job.
\u2014 Misner, Thorne, Wheeler: GRAVITATION Ch. 6.1 Accelerated Observers can be Analyzed Using Special Relativity
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/","title":"\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u624b\u518a","text":"The Site Reliability Workbook, Practical Ways to Implement SRE
\u7522\u54c1\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a \u548c \u7dad\u904b\u5718\u968a \u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u6709\u9d3b\u6e9d\u7684\uff0c \u5169\u8005\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u7acb\u5834\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u898b\u89e3\u3002
\u6839\u64da\u7d93\u9a57\uff0cGoogle \u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u904d\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u7dda\u4e0a\u7522\u54c1\u3002 \u300c\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7522\u54c1\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7dad\u904b\u5718\u968a\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u628a\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u8b8a\u6210\u7522\u54c1\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u5f4c\u5e73\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\u3002 \u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e4b\u521d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u71df\u904b\u6210\u672c\u53bb\u8a2d\u8a08\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u8003\u91cf\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0b\u6301\u7e8c\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u900f\u904e\u4f4e\u71df\u904b\u6210\u672c\u9054\u5230\u7a69\u5065\u4e14\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c \u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba \u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08Non-Abstract Large System Design\uff09\u3002
SRE\uff08Site Reliability Engineering\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5169\u5718\u968a\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5be6\u8e10\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002 SRE \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6df1\u5165\u5728\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u548c\u7dad\u904b\u5718\u968a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6587\u5316\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c07\u5f9e\u5404\u500b\u9762\u5411\u53bb\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1a
\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u7dad\u904b\u662f\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5148\u91d0\u6e05\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7dad\u904b\u3002
\u7dad\u6301\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u51fa\u932f\u4e86\u4fee\u4fee\u88dc\u88dc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5957\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c \u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u9762\u5c0d\u5f88\u591a\u96e3\u4ee5\u6289\u64c7\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u975c\u4e0b\u4f86\u597d\u597d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6478\u7d22\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u548c\u5404\u500b\u5718\u968a\u6e9d\u901a\u66b8\u89e3\uff0c \u6700\u7d42\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u59a5\u5354\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u518d\u518d\u8003\u9a57\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u3002
\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9435\u4eba\u4e09\u9805\u6216\u99ac\u62c9\u677e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8ab0\u5805\u6301\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u77ed\u8dd1\uff0c\u7576\u6a5f\u6703\u4f86\u81e8\u7684\u6642\u5019\u885d\u523a\uff0c\u5e73\u6642\u6ce8\u610f\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u4f11\u606f\u3002
\u2014 Naval Ravikant
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\u6587\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u5f88\u591a\u9762\u5411\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3001\u5be6\u969b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u9084\u6709\u63a8\u85a6\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u3002
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\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f \u68ee\u6797\u91ce\u706b\u3001 \u706b\u8eca\u7ffb\u8986\u3001 \u98df\u54c1\u885b\u751f\u65b0\u805e\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8655\u7406\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u524d\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e26\u898f\u5283\u597d\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u6c92\u9047\u904e\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u900f\u904e \u63d0\u524d\u7684\u5206\u5de5 \u548c \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\uff0c \u5c07\u6703\u8b93\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u6709\u500b\u4f9d\u8a17\u4e26\u8f03\u70ba\u51b7\u975c\u9762\u5c0d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u5206\u5de5","title":"\u5206\u5de5","text":"\u5206\u5de5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6e9d\u901a \u548c \u8655\u7406\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\uff08Incident Commander, IC\uff09\u3001 \u6e9d\u901a\u9818\u5c0e\uff08Communications Lead, CL\uff09\u548c\u8655\u7406\u9818\u5c0e\uff08Operations Lead, Ops Lead, OL\uff09\uff0c \u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u5de5\u4f5c\u5283\u5206\u597d\u3002
IC \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u62ec\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5920\u5927\uff0cIC \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u628a\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66\u4e00\u500b CL\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6703\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u8077\u8cac\uff1a
OL \u5247\u662f\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\uff1a
Google Home\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31 GH\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u667a\u80fd\u7ba1\u5bb6\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8acb\u4ed6\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u60c5\u6642\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u958b\u5ba2\u5ef3\u96fb\u71c8\uff0c \u9700\u8981\u5148\u89f8\u767c\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\uff08hotword\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 OK Google\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8a9e\u8abf\u548c\u53e3\u6c23\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a13\u7df4\u7d20\u6750\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u8fa8\u8b58\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7d20\u6750\u6703\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u96f2\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a13\u7df4\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u6703\u653e\u5728\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c \u6545\u800c GH \u6703\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u548c server \u53d6\u5f97\u8a13\u7df4\u7d50\u679c\u3002
\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\uff08v1.88\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4 GH \u53bb\u8ddf server \u8981\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u822c\u7684 50 \u500d\u3002 \u5728 5 \u6708 22 \u865f\u79ae\u62dc\u4e00\u4e2d\uff0c \u4e00\u500b\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44\u6210\u70ba Jasper \u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u6bcf\u79d2\u5b58\u53d6\u91cf\uff08queries per second, QPS\uff09\u8b8a\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u66ab\u505c\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u505c\u5728 25% \u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7dda\u4e0a\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6236\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff09\u3002 Jasper \u958b\u7968\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u500b\u7570\u5e38\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u5099\u8a3b\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u91cf\u4f86\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684 50 \u500d\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8005 Melinda \u628a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5f35\u820a\u7684\u7968\uff0c \u9019\u500b\u820a\u7684\u7968\u662f\u5728\u8aaa\u660e GH \u6bcf\u6b21\u5237\u65b0\u767b\u5165\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u6703\u4e0d\u88ab\u9810\u671f\u7684\u53bb\u5b58\u53d6\u4e00\u6b21\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u7d50\u679c\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u9810\u671f\u6703\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\uff08v1.88\uff09\u4e2d\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7d42\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7570\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u62c9\u5927\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u5ee3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u5728 5 \u6708 31 \u865f\u79ae\u62dc\u4e09\u88ab\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230 50% \u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u56e0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u9810\u671f\u7684\u820a\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u5ee3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5ba2\u670d\u958b\u59cb\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u56de\u5831\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e GH \u5728\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u6536\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u7d93\u904e\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u78ba\u8a8d\u6b63\u662f\u89f8\u767c\u9650\u6d41\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u62c9\u5927\uff0c\u7d13\u7de9\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u662f\u5f8c\u7aef\u958b\u767c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u524d\u7aef\u958b\u767c\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8ffd\u8e64\u521d\u671f\u671d\u8457\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a0\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u63d0\u9ad8\u7b49\u7d1a\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08incident\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u958b\u767c\u8005\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u4ecd\u6709\u9650\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8457\u958b\u59cb\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0c\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6392\u67e5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u958b\u5927\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c \u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u56de\u5831\u9650\u6d41\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u5ee3\u5ea6\u3002 \u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u5728 6 \u6708 3 \u865f\u79ae\u62dc\u516d\u628a\u63a8\u5ee3\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230 100% \u6642\uff0c\u5ba2\u670d\u958b\u59cb\u6536\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u5831\uff0c \u5118\u7ba1\u6536\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u5831\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u9031\u672b\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u4ecd\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u9019\u932f\u8aa4\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u4e26\u4f9d\u7167\u6b63\u5e38\u8655\u7406\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u7968\u8ffd\u8e64\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u5230\u4e86\u9694\u5929\u9031\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u5831\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u7d42\u65bc\u628a\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u5c64\u7d1a\uff0c \u7531\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44\u8acb\u6c42 SRE \u5718\u968a\u628a\u7bc0\u9ede\u6578\u62c9\u5927\uff08\u63d0\u5347\u8ca0\u8f09\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u4e26\u5c07\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0e\u5f15\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u9650\u6d41\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u62c9\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ecd\u6703\u62d2\u7d55\u8655\u7406\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u628a\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u805a\u7126\u5728\u9650\u6d41\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0a\u9762\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\u5c08\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad8\u9650\u6d41\u5f8c\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u88ab\u8212\u7de9\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u66b8\u89e3\u5f7c\u6b64\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6392\u67e5\u51fa\u6839\u56e0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#google-home-\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","title":"Google Home \u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5728\u9031\u672b\u4ecd\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9031\u672b\uff0c\u9019\u554f\u984c\u4ecd\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u8655\u7406\u554f\u984c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6700\u7d42\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u66ff\u54e1\u5de5\u5e73\u8861\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u9031\u672b\u628a\u63a8\u5ee3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u62c9\u9ad8\u3002 \u518d\u4f86\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u554f\u984c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u907f\u514d\u932f\u8aa4\u7e7c\u7e8c\u64f4\u6563\uff0c \u7576\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u6cc1\u88ab\u7d13\u7de9\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u6392\u67e5\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a8\u5ee3\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u554f\u984c\u6392\u67e5\u4e0d\u6e05\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u932f\u8aa4\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u53ec\u96c6\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u58eb\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\uff1a
\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ec\u96c6\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u5ba4\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5834\u7dda\u4e0a\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u4e26\u5373\u6642\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u9762\u5c0d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u5148\u53ef\u7528\u518d\u627e\u6839\u56e0","title":"\u5148\u53ef\u7528\u518d\u627e\u6839\u56e0","text":"Kubernetes \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5bb9\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52d9\uff0cGoogle \u6709\u5728\u96f2\u7aef\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a17\u7ba1\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u7a31\u5176\u70ba Google Kubernetes Engine, GKE\u3002 GKE \u5728\u555f\u52d5\u4e4b\u521d\u6703\u5148\u53bb\u7372\u5f97\u670d\u52d9\u9700\u8981\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6392\u7a0b\u5668\u3001\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u4f46\u56e0\u70ba Kubernetes \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u6e90\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6703\u5728\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u88ab\u65b0\u589e\u9032\u4f86\u3002
\u65e9\u4e0a 6:41 \u6642\uff0cZara \u958b\u59cb\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 Europe-West \u5340\u57df\u555f\u52d5 GKE \u670d\u52d9\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u544a\u8b66\uff0c \u4e26\u5728 7:06 \u958b\u59cb\u5ba3\u544a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u5ba3\u544a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8005\uff0cZara \u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u3002 Zara \u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u60c5\u6cc1\u544a\u8a34\u7d66 Rohit \u4e26\u6307\u6d3e\u5176\u8ca0\u8cac\u5c0d\u5916\uff08GKE \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff09\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c Rohit \u5247\u5728 7:24 \u958b\u59cb\u544a\u77e5\u7576\u5730\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u76ee\u524d\u7121\u6cd5\u555f\u52d5\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u884c\u3002
\u5728 8:20 \u524d\uff0c\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b log\uff1a
error: failed to run Kubelet: cannot create certificate signing request: Post\nhttps://192.0.2.53/apis/certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1/certificatesigningrequests\n\u5718\u968a\u958b\u59cb\u5617\u8a66\u9a57\u8b49\u6191\u8b49\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u6642\u90fd\u80fd\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u628a\u670d\u52d9\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u932f\u3002 Zara \u65bc\u662f\u628a\u8655\u7406\u9032\u5ea6\u6574\u7406\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 8:22 \u958b\u59cb\u5411\u76f8\u95dc\u6e9d\u901a\u7cfb\u7d71\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u5354\u52a9\u3002 \u5230\u4e86 8:45 \u8cc7\u6df1 SRE Il-Seong \u958b\u59cb\u9032\u73ed\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u7576\u65e5\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c \u5728\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6574\u5408\u9032\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u7de8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u8b70 Zara \u8b93\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u3001 \u96f2\u7aef\u7db2\u8def\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5718\u968a\u90fd\u52a0\u9032\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u5718\u968a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u4e00\u6392\u9664\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e45\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u5718\u968a\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u958b\u59cb\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u4e5f\u5728 10:00 \u6642\u5f9e Zara \u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684 Il-Seong\uff0c \u65bc\u662f Il-Seong \u958b\u59cb\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d93\u904e\u548c\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6574\u7406\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u3002 Zara \u5247\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u6210\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u9818\u5c0e\uff08OL\uff09\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u9818\u5c0e\uff08CL\uff09\u5247\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66 Herais\uff0c \u4e26\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u5bc4\u9001\u300c\u5168\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u7bb1\u7d66\u6240\u6709 GKE \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5230\u6b64\u6642\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5fb5\u72c0\uff1a
\u5728\u6536\u5230\u5168\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b GKE \u8cc7\u5b89\u5718\u968a\u540c\u4ec1 Puanani \u52a0\u5165\u6392\u67e5\uff0c \u4e26\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6191\u8b49\u7c3d\u767c\u8005\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u555f\u52d5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u6bcf\u6b21\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u5bb9\u5668\u8a3b\u518a\u5546\uff08DockerHub\uff09\u62c9\u53d6\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u7834\u58de\u7684\uff0c \u4e26\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u4ec1\u8b49\u5be6\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ea\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u767c\u751f\u3002 \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u662f 9:56\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u6307\u63ee\u5b98 Il-Seong \u958b\u59cb\u5206\u6d3e\u5169\u500b\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4fee\u5fa9 DockerHub \u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c \u4e00\u500b\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u5b9a\u53e2\u96c6\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u8a3b\u518a\u5546\uff08GCR\uff09\u62c9\u53d6\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u9805\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u8981\u5373\u6642\u7684\u6539\u52d5\u662f\u6709\u5929\u751f\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u9078\u9805\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8b6f\u57f7\u884c\u6a94\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u5fc5\u9808\u8017\u8cbb\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u3002 \u5230\u4e86 10:59\uff0c\u7576\u5718\u968a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86 90% \u7684\u7de8\u8b6f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u4ed6\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u5230 GCR\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8b6f\u3002 \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u500b\u5de5\u7a0b Tugay \u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u53bb hook \u5f9e DockerHub \u62c9\u53d6\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c \u4e26\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u4e2d\u653e\u4e0a\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c\u800c GCR \u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u597d\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u4e86\uff01
\u5728\u548c GCR \u5de5\u7a0b\u78ba\u8a8d\u597d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u62c9\u53d6\u6642\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u9805\uff1a --registry-mirror=https://mirror.gcr.io\uff0c \u9019\u6642\uff0c11:29\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u62c9\u53d6\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u9019\u500b\u9078\u9805\u4e86\uff01 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u5728 GCR\uff01 \u5230\u4e86 11:59 \u4ed6\u5011\u4fee\u5fa9\u4e86 GCR \u4e0a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728 12:11 \u56de\u5831\u6240\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u4e86\u3002 \u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5b58\u5728 6 \u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u53c8 40 \u5206\u9418\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7d42\u65bc\u88ab\u56de\u5831\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u7562\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c 6 \u500b\u5718\u968a\u300141 \u500b\u7368\u7acb\u4eba\u54e1\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b 26000 \u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230 28 \u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u884c\u70ba\u9ede\u3002
GKE on-call \u6210\u54e1 Zara \u5feb\u901f\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e14\u6307\u6d3e\u8ca0\u8cac\u9867\u5ba2\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u554f\u984c\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002
GKE \u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u672c\u8eab\u64c1\u6709\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u548c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u554f\u984c\u7665\u7d50\u9ede\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5728\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\u7684 DockerHub \u4e0a\u9762\u3002 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u4e26\u672a\u53ca\u65e9\u64b0\u5beb\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56de\u5831\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5354\u52a9\u7684\u4eba\u5feb\u901f\u9032\u5165\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u5f88\u591a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u907a\u5fd8\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002 Zara \u5728\u6307\u63ee\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u6642\uff0c \u61c9\u8a72\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7d71\u6574\u591a\u500b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u5fd9\u5404\u81ea\u7684\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u904e\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u529f\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u58c1\u58d8\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u500b\u5927\u539f\u5247\uff1a\u5148\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u8457\u627e\u6839\u56e0\u3002 \u7576 GKE \u767c\u751f\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9000\u7248\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u7576\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u6574\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u5668\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5efa\u7acb\u53e2\u96c6\u3002 \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u7570\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u7cdf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u516d\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002
\u56de\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u65e9\u4e0a 7:00 \u767c\u73fe\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u88ab\u5f71\u97ff\u300110:00 \u767c\u73fe\u58de\u6389\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u3001 11:00 \u958b\u59cb\u7de8\u8b6f\u8abf\u6574\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5f8c\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6a94\u300112:00 \u4fee\u5fa9 GCR \u640d\u58de\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 10:00 \u767c\u73fe\u75c7\u72c0\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5feb\u901f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u90fd\u5fa9\u539f\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002
\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u76f8\u95dc\u6025\u6551\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u5fa9\u539f\u7248\u672c\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0e\u5f15\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u5efa\u7acb\u6025\u6551\u8a2d\u65bd\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u524d\uff0c \u800c\u6025\u6551\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u500b\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u86db\u7d72\u99ac\u8de1\u3002 \u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u6025\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u5148\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u8457\u627e\u6839\u56e0\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\uff1a
\u96fb\u7db2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u7a81\u7136\u65b7\u96fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u64ca\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9810\u9632\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u96aa\uff0c \u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08uninterruptible power supply, UPS\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u65b7\u96fb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5f0f\u767c\u96fb\u6a5f\u904b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u500b\u7a7a\u7a97\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u652f\u63f4\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u96fb\u529b\u3002 Google \u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5c31\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
2015 \u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u64ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u505c\u96fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u9019\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u624b\u96fb\u529b\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u5206\u9418\u5167\uff0c\u53c8\u4f86\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u96fb\u64ca\uff08\u542b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7e3d\u5171\u56db\u6b21\uff09\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u904b\u7b97\u670d\u52d9\uff08Google Compute Engine, GCE\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u537b\u4ecd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c \u4f46\u7b2c\u4e09\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u7684\u96fb\u64ca\u537b\u5c0e\u81f4\u78c1\u789f\uff08disk\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u78c1\u789f\u505c\u6b62\u904b\u4f5c\u3002 \u78c1\u789f\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u8b93 GCE \u4e0a\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\uff08virtual machine, VM\uff09\u51fa\u73fe\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
GCE \u7684 SRE \u5de5\u7a0b\u628a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u9054\u7d66\u8ca0\u8cac\u78c1\u789f\u7684 SRE \u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u8ca0\u8cac\u78c1\u789f\u7684 SRE \u6210\u70ba\u672c\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u78c1\u789f\u548c\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6982\u89c0\uff0c\u4e26\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u96fb\u64ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u78c1\u789f\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","title":"\u96fb\u64ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u78c1\u789f\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","text":"\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u5f88\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u628a\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u653e\u5728\u4e8b\u767c\u7576\u4e0b\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c\u5247\u6307\u6d3e\u76f8\u95dc\u5718\u968a\uff0c \u4e26\u8b93\u5176\u5b9a\u6642\u5b9a\u9ede\u56de\u5831\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u95dc\u6ce8\u5728\u642c\u9077 VM \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u642c\u9077 VM \u662f\u9700\u8981 GCE\uff08\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u500b VM \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff09\u548c\u78c1\u789f\u5718\u968a\uff08\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6a5f\u72c0\u6cc1\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6307\u6d3e\u7684\u5718\u968a\u9700\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u80fd\u5728\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u6e9d\u901a","title":"\u6e9d\u901a","text":"PagerDuty \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\u7684 SaaS \u670d\u52d9\u5546\uff0c \u5b83\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u5b98\u7db2\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u3002
PagerDuty \u65e9\u671f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u4e26\u8ca0\u8cac\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c \u96a8\u8457\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u9577\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u6578\u5341\u500b\u5718\u968a\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8457\u8abf\u6574\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u6578\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u5be9\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u500b\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u4e14\u8ddf\u96a8\u8457\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u767b\u5165\u548c\u7121\u6cd5\u8a3b\u518a\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
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\u53e6\u5916\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u8655\u7406\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u54e1\u8f2a\u66ff\u7684\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 PagerDuty 2017 \u5e74\u5728\u534a\u591c\u767c\u751f\u9577\u9054\u5341\u5c0f\u6642\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u6bcf\u56db\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u5c31\u8f2a\u66ff\u4e00\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u9664\u4e86\u8b93\u4eba\u54e1\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u4f11\u606f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u7d00\u9304\uff08\u5426\u5247\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4ea4\u63a5\uff1f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b93\u63a5\u624b\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u6846\u67b6","title":"\u6846\u67b6","text":"\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u901a\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u9664\u4e86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6e9d\u901a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5c0d\u516c\u53f8\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e5f\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 \u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c Google \u767c\u73fe\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u52d9\u72c0\u6cc1\u548c\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u65b0\u9032\u4eba\u54e1\u6703\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9032\u5165\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7df4\u7fd2\u3001\u6b77\u4f86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u597d\u58de\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u584a\u3002
\u6c7a\u5b9a\u597d\u6e9d\u901a\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f Line\u3001Teams \u6216\u7dda\u4e0a\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u719f\u6089\u5c31\u597d\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e8b\u767c\u7576\u4e0b\u9084\u8981\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f5c\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u90fd\u5217\u597d\u3002 \u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u5148\u53ef\u7528\u518d\u627e\u6839\u56e0\u4e2d\uff0cGoogle \u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5168\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u55ce\uff1f \u9019\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u806f\u7d61\u4eba\u54e1\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002 \u8a66\u8457\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6a21\u64ec\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u900f\u904e chaos monkey\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 Google \u6703\u57f7\u884c\u516c\u53f8\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7df4\u7fd2\uff08\u7a31\u70ba Disaster Recovery Testing, or DiRT\uff09\uff0c \u90fd\u662f\u518d\u518d\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002
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DiRT \u6240\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5728 Google \u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u65bd DiRT \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u628a\u6e2c\u8a66\u653e\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u898f\u6a21\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u5c64\u7d1a\u3002
\u4ed6\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u57df\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6574\u500b\u65b7\u7db2\u548c\u505c\u96fb\uff0c\u6a21\u64ec\u5927\u5730\u9707\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u7406\u60f3\u4e0a\u7576\u7136\u6703\u6709\u500b\u5099\u63f4\u63a5\u624b\u9019\u4e9b\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u5916\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u65bc\u751f\u7522\u3001\u5167\u90e8\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u8ca1\u52d9\u3001\u8cc7\u5b89\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u8a2d\u65bd\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u832b\u832b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u7dca\u6025\u6642\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff08\u6253\u7279\u6b8a\u96fb\u8a71\uff09\uff0c \u96a8\u8457\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u8d85\u904e 100 \u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u627e\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u901a\u8a0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u5bb9\u7d0d 40 \u4eba\u3002 \u4e26\u4e14\u7576\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u8a72\u96fb\u8a71\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u5f85\u6a5f\u72c0\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u96fb\u8a71\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5bb6\u88ab\u8feb\u4eab\u53d7\u512a\u7f8e\u7684\u5f85\u6a5f\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u628a\u4eba\u8e22\u8d70\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u64ec\u9577\u671f\u505c\u96fb\u6642\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u767c\u96fb\u6a5f\u7684\u4f9b\u96fb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7533\u8acb\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5927\u91cf\u67f4\u6cb9\u71c3\u6599\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7533\u8acb\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u7dca\u6025\u652f\u51fa\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9019\u500b\u7dca\u6025\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u8a72\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5011\uff0c \u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8c6a\u6c23\u842c\u5343\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u9858\u610f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u4ea4\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5237\u4e0a\u516d\u4f4d\u6578\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5efa\u7acb\u670d\u52d9\u9700\u8981\u64b0\u5beb\u6587\u6a94\u8b93\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u6a94\u582a\u4e0d\u582a\u7528\uff1f \u552f\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u53f8\u6587\u5316\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5931\u6557\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u7fd2\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c \u5c0d\u65bc\u4f7f\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u96c6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u4e2d\u5fc3\u80fd\u5920\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u76e3\u63a7\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c \u9019\u4f7f\u5f97 DiRT \u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u74b0\u5883\u3002 \u7576\u767c\u751f\u7121\u6cd5\u9810\u6599\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c \u6307\u63ee\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5718\u968a\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5c08\u5bb6\u7d44\u6210\uff09\u6703\u4ecb\u5165\u6062\u5fa9\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u4fee\u5fa9\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/managing-load/","title":"\u8ca0\u8f09\u7ba1\u7406","text":"\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a \u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\uff08load balancing\uff09\u3001\u8ca0\u8f09\u524a\u6e1b\uff08load shedding\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u6e1b\uff08auto scaling\uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u5236\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\u9020\u6210\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u7834\u58de\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
\u5728\u5343\u5947\u767e\u602a\u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u7bc0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\u4f86\u9075\u5faa\u3002
\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u57fa\u790e
\u5728 SRE \u4e2d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5169\u7a2e\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u95dc\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u548c\u5e38\u898b\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002
\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e Google \u96f2\u7aef\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u6a5f\u5236\uff08Google Cloud Load Balancing, GCLB\uff09\uff0c \u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7e\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u7576\u4f5c\u53c3\u8003\u3002
\u5f9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u7d42\u5230\u9054\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u74b0\u7bc0\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002 \u8981\u5747\u8861\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 DNS\u3002 DNS \u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684 IP \u7d66\u4e88\u6700\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3 IP\uff0c\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u8ca0\u8f09\u7684\u5206\u6563\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6703\u5feb\u53d6 IP\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5931\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u8acb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684 IP\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5230\u671f\u9650\u5230\u671f\u624d\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u8acb\u6c42\uff1f
\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 GCLB \u63a1\u7528 anycast \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u65bc unicast \u7684\u8def\u7531\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u6703\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c anycast \u5728\u8def\u7531\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6703\u5224\u65b7\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u9001\u5f80\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3
\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 BGP \u4f86\u767c\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7d66\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u800c\u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff08ISP\uff09\u767c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u6642\uff0cISP \u6703\u5229\u7528 BGP \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u5e6b\u52a9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u50b3\u5230\u6700\u9069\u5408\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
\u4f46\u9019\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b GCLB \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u95e1\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/managing-load/#gclb-\u7684\u67b6\u69cb","title":"GCLB \u7684\u67b6\u69cb","text":"\u7576\u5c01\u5305\u9001\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u5148\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u662f Maglev\uff1b \u5c0d Maglev \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0b\u6e38\u662f Google Front End\uff08GFE\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d GFE \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u6e38\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u53ef\u80fd\u662f Kubernetes \u7684 ingress \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684 Nginx\u3002
---\ntitle: GCLB \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\n---\nflowchart TB\n u[User] --10.0.0.1--> i((ISP))\n subgraph \"Data Center 1\"\n direction TB\n u1[router] --> lb1[Load balancers: Maglev]\n p1[HTTP Reverse Proxies: GFE]\n end\n subgraph \"Data Center 2\"\n direction TB\n u2[router] --> lb2[Load balancers: Maglev]\n lb2 --> p2[HTTP Reverse Proxies: GFE]\n p2 --> svc[Services]\n end\n i --10.0.0.1--> u1\n i --10.0.0.1--> u2\n lb1 -.Stabilized anycast.-> lb2\n\u5982\u679c Maglev \u767c\u73fe\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff08\u670d\u52d9\u7684 VIP\uff09\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u9001\u7d66\u8a72\u53e2\u96c6\u3002 \u5982\u4e0a\u5716\u7684 Stabilized anycast\u3002\u4f9d\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u9023\u7dda\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a \u7684\u554f\u984c
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f Maglev
\u66f4\u591a Maglev \u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u6b64\u7bc7\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u662f\u900f\u904e VIP matching \u627e\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
Maglev \u4e0b\u7684 GFE \u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u6703\u662f TCP \u548c TLS \u9023\u7dda\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6703\uff1a
\u56de\u5230\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c \u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6c96\u57ae\u3002 \u7576\u53e2\u96c6\u5167\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u6216\u8ca0\u8377\u9ad8\u6642\uff0cMaglev \u53c8\u6216\u8005 GFE \u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u53e2\u96c6\u5462\uff1f \u4ed6\u5011\u9760\u7684\u662f Global Software Load Balancer\uff08GSLB\uff09\u7684\u5354\u8abf\u3002
flowchart TB\n m1[Maglev]\n m2[Maglev]\n gslb[GSLB]\n g1[GFE]\n g2[GFE]\n bs1[Backend Service]\n bs2[BackendService]\n m1 -.-gslb-.- g1\n m2 -.-gslb-.- g2\n m1 --> g1\n m2 --> g2\n g1 --> bs1\n g2 -.- bs2\n g2 --> bs1\nGSLB \u6703\u63a7\u5236\u5c0d GFE \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u548c\u9001\u5f80\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5206\u4f48\uff1a
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0cGSLB \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u628a Maglev \u548c GFE \u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u81a0\u6c34\uff0c \u8b93 Maglev \u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u4e14\u5065\u5eb7\u7684 GFE\uff1b \u4e5f\u8b93 GFE \u80fd\u5920\u627e\u5230\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u4e14\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002
\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8b93\u6574\u500b GCLB \u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86 anycast \u7684\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/managing-load/#gclb-\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"GCLB \u7684\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"Google \u900f\u904e\u628a Maglev \u548c GFE \u5927\u91cf\u7f6e\u65bc\u5404\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c \u4f86\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u591a\u6b21 TCP/TLS \u4f86\u56de\u4ea4\u63e1\u3002 \u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548c GFE \u5b8c\u6210\u9023\u7dda\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4e0a\u6e38\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9023\u7dda\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
GCLB \u63d0\u4f9b SLA 99.99% \u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90e8\u7f72\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5148\u653e\u51fa\u5148\u884c\u7248\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u707d\u96e3\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/","title":"\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08","text":"\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08Non Abstract Large System Design, NALSD\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\u67b6\u69cb\u6642\uff0c \u6709\u500b\u4f9d\u64da\u5efa\u7acb\u7a69\u5065\u800c\u53c8\u9ad8\u64f4\u5145\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u5148\u900f\u904e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u9700\u6c42\u4e26\u53cd\u8986\u5be9\u8996\u3001\u5faa\u5e8f\u6539\u5584\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u89e3\u65b9\u3002 \u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u80fd\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u521d\u671f\u4fbf\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u7a69\u5065\u6027\u4e14\u540c\u6642\u64c1\u6709\u672a\u4f86\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u964d\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u53ef\u88ab\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u8b93 SRE \u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\uff0c \u601d\u8003\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u64f4\u5145\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u74f6\u9838\uff0c\u4e26\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9ede\u4e0a\u3002 \u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u8986\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u9019\u56db\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u76ee\u7684
\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u8981\u5be6\u969b\u8dd1\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4e0a\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u8986\u7df4\u7fd2\u5c07\u767d\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u5716\uff0c\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u6578\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7463\u788e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53bb\u7df4\u7fd2\u548c\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7dda\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ed8\u51fa\u66f4\u6158\u75db\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002
\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e2d\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u63a8\u4f30\u6703\u6bd4\u6700\u7d42\u5be6\u969b\u7d50\u679c\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u6703\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728 NALSD \u4e2d\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u7df4\u7fd2\u51fa\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u591a\u500b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f46\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e2d\u5c0e\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u597d\u88ab\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u7d50\u679c
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#\u7df4\u7fd2\u6d41\u7a0b","title":"\u7df4\u7fd2\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u7c21\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8986\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u90fd\u6703\u5b9a\u7fa9\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e26\u627e\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u5f31\u9ede\u3002 \u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u627e\u51fa\u512a\u9ede\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u968e\u6bb5\u6211\u5011\u6703\u6839\u64da\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a
\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u6703\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u91dd\u5c0d\u521d\u59cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u64f4\u5145\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u518d\u53bb\u56de\u61c9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u51fa\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u7df4\u7fd2\u6642\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53cd\u8986\u8a70\u554f\u7684\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u5148\u8003\u616e\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u6027\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u66ff\u63db\u67d0\u500b\u7d44\u4ef6\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u91cd\u982d\u958b\u59cb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#\u7df4\u7fd2adwords","title":"\u7df4\u7fd2\uff1aAdWords","text":"AdWords \u662f Google \u4e00\u9805\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e Google \u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u7d14\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u3002 \u9019\u6b21\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u6e2c\u4e26\u56de\u5831\u6b63\u78ba\u7684 click-through rate \uff08CTR\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9ede\u64ca\u5ee3\u544a\u6b21\u6578 \u9664\u4ee5 \u5ee3\u544a\u63a8\u64ad\u6578\uff09\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6703\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u63a8\u64ad\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u662f \u56e0\u70ba\u54ea\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u88ab\u6295\u653e\u5ee3\u544a \u4ee5\u53ca \u54ea\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u8b93\u5ee3\u544a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9ede\u64ca\uff0c \u9032\u800c\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u5ee3\u544a\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u7136\u5f8c\u8abf\u6574\u5ee3\u544a\u50f9\u9322\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7d44\u5408 \u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u5c0d\u5ee3\u544a\u6295\u653e\u7387 \u4ee5\u53ca \u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u5c0d\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9700\u6c42\u7684-slo","title":"\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9700\u6c42\u7684 SLO","text":"\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u7ad9\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \u5047\u8a2d\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f \u9762\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u5feb\u901f \u4ee5\u53ca \u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5426\u5373\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8a02\u5b9a\u51fa SLO\uff1a
\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u6a5f\u5236\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6bcf\u500b \u641c\u5c0b \u548c \u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca \u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a
\u540d\u7a31 \u8b8a\u6578\u540d\u7a31 \u578b\u5225 \u4f54\u4f4d\uff08bytes\uff09 \u6642\u9593time 64-bit integer 8 ID query_id 64-bit integer 8 ADs ad_ids array of 64-bit integers 8~24\uff08\u6bcf\u6b21\u641c\u5c0b\u6700\u591a\u653e 3 \u500b\u5ee3\u544a\uff09 \u95dc\u9375\u5b57 search_terms array of char \u2248500 \u5143\u8cc7\u6599 metadata array of char 500~1000\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u54ea\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\uff09 \u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u5167\u5bb9
\u540d\u7a31 \u8b8a\u6578\u540d\u7a31 \u578b\u5225 \u4f54\u4f4d\uff08bytes\uff09 \u6642\u9593time 64-bit integer 8 ID query_id 64-bit integer 8 AD ad_id 64-bit integers 8 \u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u5167\u5bb9
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u628a search_term \u653e\u9032\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u628a search_term \u653e\u9032\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u904e\u8a72\u65e5\u8a8c\u627e\u5230\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6307\u6a19 \u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u5c0d\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u3002
\u4f46\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u9ede\u64ca\u7d00\u9304\u662f\u900f\u904e HTTP URL \u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u9019\u500b URL \u662f\u6709\u9577\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cGoogle \u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f CTR\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c \u4e0d\u6703\u628a search_term \u5230\u8655\u4e1f\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a
\u6211\u5011\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e09\u7a2e\u67b6\u69cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a
\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u80fd\u55ce\uff1f
\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u9032 MySQL \u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684 SQL \u627e\u51fa\u300c\u67d0\u500b\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u67d0\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u300d\u3002
-- \u628a Query Log \u5206\u6210\uff1aquery_ads\u3001query_terms \u548c query_metadata \u4e09\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u3002\nSELECT a.search_term, a.click_count / b.query_count\nFROM (\n SELECT COUNT(*) AS click_count\n FROM click_history AS c\n LEFT JOIN query_terms AS q ON q.query_id = c.query_id AND q.search_term = ?\n WHERE c.ad_id = ?\n) a,\n(\n SELECT COUNT(*) AS query_count\n FROM query_ads AS a\n INNER JOIN query_terms AS t ON t.query_id = q.query_id AND t.search_term = ?\n WHERE a.ad_id = ?\n) b\nWHERE a.search_term = b.search_term\n\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u6642\u9593\u548c\u91d1\u9322\u5167\u9054\u6210\u55ce\uff1f
\u70ba\u4e86\u653e\u9032\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1f \u6839\u64da\u524d\u9762\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b 1 \u5929\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u5927\u5c0f\u7d04\u70ba 86.4TB\uff1a
\\[\\begin{flalign} \\left( 5 \\times 10^5 \\mathrm{\\ queries/second} \\right) \\times \\left( 2 \\times 10^3 \\mathrm{\\ bytes} \\right) \\times \\left( 8.64 \\times 10^4 \\mathrm{\\ seconds/day} \\right) \\\\ =86.4 \\mathrm{\\ TB/day} \\end{flalign}\\]\u4fdd\u5b88\u4f30\u8a08\u9700\u8981\u7d04 100TB \u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 4TB \u7684 HDD\uff08\u786c\u789f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u786c\u789f\u53c8\u53d7\u9650\u65bc 200 IOPS\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u6839\u64da\u524d\u9762\u7684 MySQL\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032 4 \u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7d04 10,000 \u500b\u786c\u789f\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} \\left( 5 \\times 10^5 \\mathrm{\\ queries/second} \\right) \\times \\left( 4 \\mathrm{\\ IO/query} \\right) / \\left( 200 \\mathrm{\\ IOPS/disk} \\right) \\\\ = 1 \\times 10^4 \\mathrm{\\ disks} \\end{align*}\\]\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 10,000 \u500b\u786c\u789f\uff0c \u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u56e0 IOPS \u800c\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u5927\u91cf\u786c\u9ad4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c7a\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u8a55\u4f30\u4e00\u4e0b RAM \u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u653e\u68c4\u5176\u4ed6\u5132\u5b58\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SSD\u3002 \u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u53f0 16C/64G/1G\uff0816 core CPU\u300164 GB RAM\u30011G \u7db2\u8def\u901a\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 1563 \u53f0\u96fb\u8166\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} \\left\\lceil \\left( 100 \\mathrm{\\ TB} \\right) / \\left( 64 \\mathrm{\\ GB\\ RAM/machine} \\right) \\right\\rceil \\\\ = 1,563 \\mathrm{\\ machines} \\end{align*}\\]\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u53f0\u7684 MySQL \u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u9084\u53ea\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9084\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5099\u63f4\u3001\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u592a\u5be6\u969b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#mapreduce","title":"MapReduce","text":"Tip
\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u4e0b\u6587\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5148\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f MapReduce\u3002
\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u80fd\u55ce\uff1f
\u628a\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u548c\u9ede\u64ca\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684 ad_id \u5256\u6790\uff08map\uff09\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c \u5408\u4f75\uff08reduce\uff09\u9032\u6bcf\u500b search_term \u7684\u9ede\u64ca\u6b21\u6578\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 MapReduce \u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u505a\u5230\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u7576\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8a2d\u5099\u6642\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u88dc\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9084\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u6211\u5011\u7684 SLO\u3002
99.9% \u7684 CTR \u8cc7\u8a0a\u90fd\u8981\u986f\u793a 5 \u5206\u9418\u5167\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u628a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7d1a\u8ddd\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6bcf\u5206\u9418\u6279\u6b21\u8a08\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5408\u4f75\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u641c\u5c0b\u548c\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u88e1 \uff08\u641c\u5c0b\u548c\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u6839\u64da\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u5206\u9418\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\uff0c \u5c31\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7d44\u51fa search_term \u548c\u9ede\u64ca\u6b21\u6578\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8655\u7406\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5c0d\u65bc MapReduce \u4f86\u8aaa\u5f88\u8017\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u539f\u751f\u9069\u5408\u8655\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#logjoiner","title":"LogJoiner","text":"\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u80fd\u55ce\uff1f
\u6bd4\u8d77\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u5b58\u9032 MySQL\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 BigTable \u6216\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\uff0c \u9019\u7a2e\u597d\u505a\u5206\u5340\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u4ed6\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u6b04\u4f4d\u505a\u7d22\u5f15\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u55ae\u7d14\u5beb\u5165\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u652f\u63f4 SQL \u7684\u8de8\u7bc0\u9ede\u641c\u5c0b\u3002
---\ntitle: LogJoiner \u67b6\u69cb\n---\nflowchart TD\n ql[Query Logs] --All querylog records-->qm[(QueryMapkey: ad_id,search_termvalue: query_ids)]\n ql --All querylog records-->qs[(QueryStorekey: query_idvalue: QueryLog record)]\n cl[Click Logs]--All click logrecords-->lj([LogJoiner])\n lj<--Look upquery_id-->qs\n lj --> cm[(CLickMapkey: ad_id,search_termvalue: query_ids)]\nQueryStore
LogJoiner
ClickMap
QueryMap
NALSD \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u53cd\u8986\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u628a\u67b6\u69cb\u62c6\u6210\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u60f3\u50cf\u5176\u7f6e\u5165\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u9700\u6c42\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d SLO \u7684\u8a02\u5b9a\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba SLO \u6703\u9a45\u52d5\u67b6\u69cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6703\u8ff7\u822a\u3002
\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u53cd\u8986\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7d50\u675f\u90fd\u8981\u53cd\u8986\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u9084\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u55ce\uff1f \u8b93\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u4f9d\u64da SLO \u9019\u500b\u6e96\u7e69\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u6216\u524d\u5e7e\u6b21\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7522\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002
\u6839\u64da Google \u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 CPU\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001Network throughput \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u5c0d\u65bc\u67b6\u69cb\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/on-call/","title":"\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44","text":"SRE \u7684\u5f85\u547d\uff08on-call\uff09\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f85\u547d\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7684\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76e3\u807d\u932f\u8aa4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u67e5\u770b\u9762\u677f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9069\u7576\u7684\u95a5\u503c\uff0c\u512a\u5316\u958b\u767c\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
\u5f85\u547d\u5c0d\u7dda\u4e0a\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u500b\u9ad8\u7dca\u5f35\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5718\u968a\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b21\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u5f85\u547d\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u5f85\u547d\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44\u3001\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u5546\u8a0e\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e38\u5e38\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7121\u95dc\u7dca\u8981\u7684\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5efa\u8b70\u4f60\u9000\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b65\u5f9e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u89c0\u5bdf\u6574\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u4e26\u4e14\u5617\u8a66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5925\u4f34\u6216 SRE \u5718\u968a\u4ea4\u63db\u610f\u898b\u3002
\u7dca\u6025\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760 \u5e73\u5e38\u7df4\u7fd2\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u808c\u8089\u8a18\u61b6 \u548c \u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u4ef6\u5e6b\u52a9\u6df7\u4e82\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\uff1a
\u8981\u719f\u6089\u9019\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u505a\u7dda\u4e0a\u707d\u96e3\u6f14\u7df4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u88fd\u9020\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u5947\u767c\u7570\u60f3\u3002 \u6bcf\u6b21\u57f7\u884c on-call \u7df4\u7fd2\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f2a\u6d41\u7576\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u597d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u5e73\u53f0\uff1f
\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u985e\uff1a
\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u628a on-call \u5f9e\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u5e38\u7dad\u904b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e2d\u62c9\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u53ea\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u7576\u6709\u4e86 SLO\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6708\u9032\u884c\u516c\u958b\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u5065\u5eb7\u5f59\u5831\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u9810\u7b97\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u8b93\u90a3\u4e9b\u80a1\u6771\u80fd\u5920\u77e5\u9053\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6703\u8b70\u4e0d\u53ea\u80fd\u5920\u50b3\u9054 SLO \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6709\u500b\u6642\u9593\u6aa2\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u6bcf\u6b21\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u6709\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8df3\u51fa\u300c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u985e\u3001\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u300d\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u3002 \u4e26\u9032\u800c\u5f37\u5316\u548c\u8abf\u6574\u7522\u54c1\u958b\u767c\u6642\u7684\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u6539\u5584 on-call \u5718\u968a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u54c1\u8cea\u3002
PagerDuty \u8aaa\u660e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f on-call
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/","title":"\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u5316","text":"\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5728 Google \u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff08\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6587\u5316\uff09\u3002 \u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u6790\u8aa4\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8981\u5e36\u8457\u8cac\u5099\u3002 \u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u5931\u8aa4\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u4e26\u6e1b\u5c11\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u932f\u8aa4\u6062\u5fa9\u3002 \u800c\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u5247\u662f\u8981\u50b3\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\uff1a\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u5316\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff01
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u7ae0\u5c07\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u5927\u584a\uff1a
\u96d6\u7136 Google \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u90fd\u4f4d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6703\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u4f7f\u7528\u79df\u501f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u8a17\u7ba1\u670d\u52d9\uff08Colocation centre\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u53d6\uff08cache\uff09\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u5668\uff08proxy\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u985e\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5728 Google \u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u7a31\u5176\u70ba \u885b\u661f\uff08satellites\uff09\u3002
Google \u5c0d\u65bc\u7dad\u904b\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u5b89\u88dd\u3001\u9000\u5f79\u3001\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7d1a\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u6d29\u6d41\uff08drain\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u9000\u5f79\u6642\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7a31\u5176\u70ba \u78c1\u789f\u62b9\u9664\uff08dsikerase\uff09\uff0c \u4e00\u65e6\u6a5f\u5668\u88ab\u62b9\u9664\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u88ab\u7372\u53d6\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u7aef\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
// \u5f97\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08satellite\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5728\u7dda\u6a5f\u5668\nconst machines = getActiveMachinesFrom(satellite);\n\n// \u900f\u904e `filter` \u628a\u8a72\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff08\u800c\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a5f\u5668\uff09\u9032\u884c\u9000\u5f79\nsendToDecom({\n candidates: getAllActiveMachines(),\n filter: machines,\n});\n\u7576\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u9032\u884c\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u9000\u5f79\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u5f97\u77e5\u6709\u932f\uff08\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u6b63\u78ba\u9032\u884c\u9000\u5f79\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u70ba\u4e86\u9664\u932f\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u8173\u672c\uff1a
// \u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6a5f\u5668\u90fd\u9000\u5f79\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7a7a\u7684\u9663\u5217\nconst machines = getActiveMachinesFrom(satellite);\n\n// `filter` \u6536\u5230\u7a7a\u9663\u5217\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u9078\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7684 `candidates` \u800c\u975e\u7a7a\u9663\u5217\nsendToDecom({\n candidates: getAllActiveMachines(),\n filter: machines,\n});\n\u7531\u65bc filter \u662f\u7a7a\u9663\u5217\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u885b\u661f\u5167\u53d7\u8a17\u7ba1\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u90fd\u88ab\u9032\u884c\u78c1\u789f\u62b9\u9664\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u885b\u661f\u5167\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u90fd\u88ab\u5c0e\u6d41\u9032 Google \u81ea\u5df1\u7dad\u8b77\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
\u5e78\u8667\u7576\u521d\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u898f\u5283\u8b93 Google \u6709\u80fd\u529b\u627f\u8f09\u9019\u4e9b\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c \u9019\u6b21\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u96d6\u7136\u8017\u6642\u4e86\u5169\u5929\u624d\u628a\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6062\u5fa9\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u9020\u6210\u4e9b\u5fae\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\u4e0a\u5347\u3002 \u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6578\u9031\u9032\u884c\u5065\u5168\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u963b\u65b7\u5668\uff0c \u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u8a72\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\uff08idempotent\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u3002 \u4e09\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c0e\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u885b\u661f\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5931\u80fd\uff0c \u800c\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6574\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u534a\u5f91\u548c\u6062\u5fa9\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u64b0\u5beb\u770b\u770b\u9019\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u6bd4\u8f03\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u58de\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6","title":"\u58de\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6","text":"\u7121\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5f71\u97ff","title":"\u5f71\u97ff","text":"\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\u3002 \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u907f\u514d\u90e8\u5206\u6a5f\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u3002 \u8352\u5510\u7684\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u500b\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5718\u968a\u6210\u54e1\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002
\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u65e5\u5e38\u9000\u5f79\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u628a\u6a5f\u5668\u9032\u884c\u66ff\u63db\u6642\uff0c\u738b\u56db@ \u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u7d93\u6b63\u78ba\u57f7\u884c\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c0e\u81f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89f8\u767c\u8a72\u9677\u9631\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5fa9\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c","title":"\u5fa9\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"\u7121\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u7121\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5beb\u5f97\u7cdf","title":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5beb\u5f97\u7cdf","text":"\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u82b1\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c07\u8b8a\u5f97\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u95b1\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u770b\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5beb\u5f97\u5f88\u721b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u80cc\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5331\u4e4f","title":"\u80cc\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5331\u4e4f","text":"\u672c\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 \u885b\u661f \u4ee3\u8868\u7528\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u908a\u7de3\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u78c1\u789f\u62b9\u9664 \u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u904b\u884c\u7684\u8173\u672c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u8acb\u984d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868\u300d\u6216\u300c\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u3002
\u4e00\u500b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e05\u695a\u6982\u7d61\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c \u751a\u81f3\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u5ffd\u7565\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u628a\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u76f4\u63a5\u6b78\u96f6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u95dc\u9375\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u5ffd\u7565","title":"\u95dc\u9375\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u5ffd\u7565","text":"\u5f88\u591a\u6bb5\u843d\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u6982\u89c0\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u72c0\u6cc1\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5f97\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u570d\u662f\u591a\u500b\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u8acb\u660e\u78ba\u7d66\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6578\u503c\u3002 \u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\u662f\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u8acb\u76e1\u91cf\u7d66\u51fa\u500b\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c \u7562\u7adf \u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u534a\u5f91\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u8a55\u4f30\u662f\u5426\u4fee\u5fa9\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\u6839\u56e0\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u9ede\u662f\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7d30\u7bc0\u8b93\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u601d\u8003\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6539\u9032\u9ede\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u5728\u5fa9\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u7de9\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u7a7a\u767d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\u7684\u8ca7\u4e4f","title":"\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\u7684\u8ca7\u4e4f","text":"\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\uff08Action Items, AIs\uff09\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u9762\u5411\u53bb\u8a55\u65b7\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u58de\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u672a\u4f86\u53c3\u8207\u7dad\u904b\u672c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\u611a\u8822\u3002
\u2014 Dan Milstein\uff0cPost-Mortems at HubSpot: What I Learned From 250 Whys - \u6bcf\u500b\u512a\u5316\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u512a\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u7fa9\u3002
\u5c0d\u5ba2\u6236\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u70ba\u70ba 0 \u6216 1 \u7684\u6539\u5584\u9805\u76ee\u3002 - \u52c1\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u8b93\u4ed6\u66f4\u597d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u512a\u5316\u300d\u7b49\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u8a72\u512a\u5316\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5ea6\u3002 - \u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u7968\u53bb\u8ffd\u8e64\u76f8\u95dc\u512a\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6539\u5584\u90fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u3002
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\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u60f3\u628a\u9019\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6536\u7a6b\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u91cb\u653e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5230\u786c\u789f\u88e1\uff0c\u8b93\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7a7a\u9593\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/","title":"2022 AI \u56de\u9867","text":"\u4eca\u5929\uff0812/17\uff09\u56de\u9867 2022 \u5e74\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u5f88\u591a AI \u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5099\u53d7\u611f\u52d5\uff01 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c31\u4f86\u76e4\u9ede\u4e00\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u3002
Yahoo!
\u4eca\u5e74\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\uff0cOpenAI \u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 ChatGPT\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u63a8\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u985b\u8986\u4e86\u6211\u5c0d AI \u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u3002 \u5176\u5e36\u7d66\u6211\u7684\u9707\u64bc\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u7576\u521d AlphaGo \u4e0b\u570d\u68cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u6709\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u3002
\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u7684\u8a9e\u610f\uff0c\u7d66\u51fa\u9069\u7576\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5404\u81ea\u624b\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684 NLP\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u8655\u7406\uff09\u4efb\u52d9\u90fd\u6e2c\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u5c0d\u8a71\u72c0\u614b\u8ffd\u8e64\u3001\u56de\u8986\u751f\u6210\u3001\u5c0d\u8a71\u6458\u8981\u3001\u8868\u683c\u554f\u7b54\u3001\u6587\u6a94\u554f\u7b54\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u62bd\u53d6\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8a69\u8a5e\u6b4c\u66f2\u5275\u9020\u3001\u7ffb\u8b6f...\u7b49\u5e7e\u5341\u500b\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c \u6548\u679c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u597d\u3002
...
\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 in-context learning\uff0c\u958b\u7bb1\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u9054\u5230 90%+\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u9054\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5916\u7522\u54c1\u5316\u8ca9\u552e\u3002
\u4f86\u81ea\u6797\u5ef7\u6069\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u7684\u81c9\u66f8
ChatGPT \u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u7db2\u53cb\u5275\u610f\uff08\u8ddf\u6642\u9593\uff09\u7121\u9650\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u672a\u4f86\u80fd\u8b93\u4ed6\u6709\u66f4\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff01 \u53e6\u5916\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c0d\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u674e\u5b8f\u6bc5\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u5f71\u7247
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#stable-diffusion","title":"Stable Diffusion","text":"metaphysic
AI \u7e6a\u5716\u7121\u7591\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u5927\u653e\u7570\u5f69\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f Stable Diffusion\uff0c \u9084\u6709 OpenAI \u7684 DALL-E\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5947\u8019\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5716\u7247\u52d5\u6f2b\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5167\u5728\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u64f4\u6563\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Diffusion Model\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7e6a\u5716\u6709\u6240\u61c9\u7528\u3002 \u50cf\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u8f15\u91cf\u800c\u53c8\u6709\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#alphafold-2","title":"AlphaFold 2","text":"\u9019\u500b\u5176\u5be6\u662f 2020 \u63a8\u51fa\u7684 AI\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u8457\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u64f4\u5145\u4e86\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4e86\u3002
\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u4e26\u4e0d\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7531 21 \u7a2e\u5df2\u77e5\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u662f\u5176\u5efa\u69cb\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6392\u5217\u548c\u7d44\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u3002 \u7136\u800c DeepMind \u7684 AlphaFold 2 \u537b\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u65bc 90% \u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u540d\u4e0d\u5230 60%\uff09\u3002
\u79d1\u6280\u65b0\u5831
\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cAlphaFold \u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f \u9810\u6e2c\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u7684 X \u5c04\u7dda\u3001\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6216\u51b7\u51cd\u96fb\u93e1\u7b49\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u66e0\u6642\u5ee2\u65e5\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6578\u6708\u5230\u6578\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u5728 2022 \u5e74\uff0cAlphaFold \u9810\u6e2c\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6f38\u51cd\u4eba\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea \u6838\u5b54\u8907\u5408\u9ad4 \u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u5617\u8a66\u4e86\u9577\u9054\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u3002
\u79d1\u6280\u65b0\u5831
\u6709\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u69cb\u9020\u9810\u6e2c\u624d\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#fusion","title":"Fusion","text":"\u6838\u878d\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6975\u5ea6\u9ad8\u6eab\u548c\u9ad8\u58d3\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u767c\u751f\u3002 \u8981\u6210\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u96e3\uff0c\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u7dad\u6301\u9019\u500b\u6eab\u5ea6\uff1f
\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7d71\u6eab\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5167\u90e8\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u539f\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u78b0\u649e\u628a\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u52d5\u80fd\uff09\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u539f\u5b50\u7167\u8457\u5713\u5708\uff08tokmok\uff09\u8ff4\u8f49\uff08\u7576\u7136\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7e31\u8ef8\u7684\u529b\u4f86\u964d\u4f4e\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u4ea4\u932f\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c \u8a73\u898b\uff09\u3002
DeepMind \u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e AI \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u96f7\u5c04\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u7cfb\u7d71\u7dad\u6301\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u71b1\u80fd\u3002
\u5728 2022/12\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u9ede\u706b\u8a2d\u65bd\u767c\u8868\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u9054\u6210\u8f38\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u65bc\u8f38\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u96d6\u8aaa\u5f88\u591a\u5a92\u9ad4\u5ba3\u7a31\u6838\u878d\u5408\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u4f86\u81e8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u570b\u5bb6\u9ede\u706b\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6838\u878d\u5408\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u6838\u878d\u5408\u767c\u96fb\u5834\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u8655\u7406\u6c1a\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u548c\u9038\u51fa\uff08\u6838\u878d\u5408\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6c18\u548c\u6c1a\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c6c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u9054\u6210\uff09\u3002
2024 \u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u6587\u63a8\u51fa
\u5728 2024 \u5e74 2 \u6708\u6642\uff0c \u76f8\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u53d7\u4e94\u4f4d\u540c\u5115\u5be9\u8996\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u9054\u6210\u300c\u9ede\u706b\u300d\u3002
\u9019\u548c\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u8b1b\u5230\u7684\u6258\u99ac\u514b\uff08tokmok\uff09\u5713\u74b0\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8b93\u96f7\u5c04\u6253\u9032\u947d\u77f3\u5916\u6bbc\u7684\u5c0f\u81a0\u56ca\uff0c \u4e26\u7d00\u9304\u5167\u7206\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u9ede\u706b\u3002
Here\u2019s how scientists reached nuclear fusion \u2018ignition\u2019 for the first time
\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u500b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1a\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5229\u7528\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u300c\u9ede\u706b\u300d\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4ecd\u7136\u9f13\u821e\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6295\u8cc7\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#cicero","title":"CICERO","text":"Meta \u958b\u767c\u7684 CICERO \u5728\u4e00\u6b3e\u9b25\u667a\u9b25\u5fc3\u6a5f\u7684\u904a\u6232 Diplomacy \u4e2d\u9032\u5165\u524d 10% \u7684\u6392\u540d\u4e2d\u3002
Source from CICERO blog post
\u4e4b\u524d\u770b\u5230\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5f71\u7247\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff01 \u4f46\u662f... \u6211\u61f7\u7591 ChatGPT \u73a9\u5f97\u6703\u6bd4\u4ed6\u597d\u3002
\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u653e\u9032\u9019\u500b AI\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u672a\u4f86 AI \u80fd\u73a9\u661f\u6d77\u6216\u4e16\u7d00\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u61a7\u61ac\u5427\uff01
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#ithaca","title":"Ithaca","text":"DeepMind \u5728\u4e09\u6708\u958b\u767c\u4e86 Ithaca\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u9014\u5728\u5224\u8b80\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002
\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684 25% \u9810\u6e2c\u7387\uff0cIthaca \u9054\u5230\u4e86 62% \u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u3002 \u4f46\u662f Ithaca \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u985e\u3002 \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u548c Ithaca \u4e00\u8d77\u5224\u8b80\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u9054 72% \u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#\u7d50\u8a9e","title":"\u7d50\u8a9e","text":"\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684 Ithaca\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u64d4\u5fc3\u6a5f\u5668\u5c07\u53d6\u4ee3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c \u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u50f9\u503c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u5c31\u50cf\u4eca\u5e74\u82f1\u570b\u958b\u59cb\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9031\u5de5\u4f5c\u56db\u5929\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u5982\u679c AI \u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\uff08\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u78ba\u5be6\u5be6\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e86\ud83d\ude02\uff09\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\u9054\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7522\u80fd\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc AI\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u6703\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\uff08\u7406\u89e3\u548c\uff09\u61c9\u7528\u5b83\uff1f
"},{"location":"review/2023/","title":"2023 \u56de\u9867","text":"\u5e74\u672b\u4e86\uff0c\u60f3\u5beb\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u56de\u9867\uff0c\u4e3b\u984c\u5927\u81f4\u662f
The best science images of 2023, Nature
\u4f86\u6e90
\u53c3\u7167\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u3001 ScienceNews\u3001 \u660e\u65e5\u79d1\u5b78\u3001 \u516c\u8996 \u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u74b0\u5883","title":"\u74b0\u5883","text":"\u4eca\u5e74\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u74b0\u5883\u3002 2023 \u662f\u6709\u7d00\u9304\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u71b1\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002
Climate heat hottest year record, ScienceNews
\u4eca\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u6bd4 1850 \u5e74\u5230 1900 \u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u9ad8\u51fa \\({1.3}^\\circ C\\)\uff0c \u9664\u4e86\u6210\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u65b0\u9ad8\uff0c \u66f4\u662f\u5373\u5c07\u9054\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684 \\({1.5}^\\circ C\\)\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u7a81\u7834 \\({2}^\\circ C\\)\uff0c \u4e14\u9023\u7e8c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5929\u8d85\u904e \\({1.5}^\\circ C\\)\u3002
Our World in Data
\u9ad8\u6eab\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u706b\u707d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u672c\u5e74\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c \u4e0d\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6c23\u6eb6\u81a0\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u53cd\u5c04\u592a\u967d\u5149\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u6c23\u6eab\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u706b\u707d\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\uff0c \u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6de8\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6c23\u6eb6\u81a0\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u6696\u5316\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u91ce\u706b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c \u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\u68ee\u6797\u780d\u4f10\u5c0e\u81f4\u68ee\u6797\u5730\u5340\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c \u4f46\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u898f\u7bc4\u9810\u671f\u672a\u4f86\u4ecd\u6703\u88ab\u5efa\u7f6e\u3002
Our World in Data
\u6696\u5316\u5c0e\u81f4\u51b0\u7dda\u9000\u7e2e\uff0c\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e5f\u96a8\u8457\u878d\u51b0\u4e0a\u5347\u3002
Charctic Interactive Sea Ice Graph, NSIDC
\u9ad8\u6eab\u52a0\u901f\u96ea\u87f9\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u96ea\u87f9\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b \u73ca\u745a\u7901\u56e0\u71b1\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b \u4f4d\u65bc\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u4e7e\u65f1\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u6cb3\u8c5a\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b \u9996\u6b21\u8b49\u660e\u51fa\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u5317\u6975\u718a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff1b \u868a\u5b50\u5f9e\u71b1\u5e36\u5730\u5340\u6f38\u6f38\u9077\u79fb\u5230\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u90e8\u5206\u570b\u5bb6\u9762\u81e8\u524d\u6240\u672a\u898b\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff1b \u6975\u7aef\u6c23\u5019\u5c0e\u81f4 4310 \u842c\u5b69\u7ae5\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\uff1b \u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u537b\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u5c45\u4f4f\u65bc\u5728\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u6642\u98a8\u96aa\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u5340 \uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5730\u5340\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u707d\u5bb3\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002
\u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\uff0c \u4eba\u9ad4\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\u71b1\u3001\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u597d\u9632\u6cbb\u907f\u514d\u71b1\u50b7\u5bb3\uff1b \u4e5f\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0 \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u9032\u5c55\uff0c \u5c55\u793a\u4eba\u985e\u9700\u8981\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u964d\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7d93\u8cbb\u5206\u4f48\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u9032\u5c55\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u898f\u7bc4","title":"\u898f\u7bc4","text":"COP28 \u5728 2023 \u5e74\u5e95\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u7c3d\u8a02\u4e5f\u727d\u52d5\u8457\u4e16\u754c\u672a\u4f86\u8d70\u5411\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ad6\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u76f8\u95dc\u5c55\u671b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u8655\u7406\u5851\u81a0\u7684\u9032\u5ea6\u5be6\u5728\u592a\u7de9\u6162\uff0c \u9810\u671f\u65bc 2024 \u7c3d\u8a02\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u8655\u7406\u3001 \u56e0\u61c9\u7da0\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u8abf\u6574\u96fb\u7db2\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08
COP28 \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e5f\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\uff0c \u9ad8\u5ea6\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u9996\u6b21\u9858\u610f\u652f\u4ed8\u91d1\u9322 \u5e6b\u52a9\u56e0\u5176\u78b3\u6392\u800c\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4f4e\u5ea6\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u91d1\u984d\u6709\u9650\u4e14\u300c\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ecd\u7136\u56f0\u96e3\uff1b \u4e5f\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u5230\u964d\u4f4e\u98df\u7269\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8089\u98df\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff1b \u4e5f\u9996\u6b21\u8003\u616e\u7a7a\u8abf\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u3002
\u6838\u96fb\u548c\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad83\u500d\u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7da0\u80fd\u7684\u6210\u9577\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u65bc\u7e3d\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u7684\u4f54\u6bd4\u4ecd\u4f4e\uff0c \u5e0c\u671b 2030 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u7da0\u80fd\u4f54\u6bd4\u9054\u5230 3 \u6210\u3002
\u5118\u7ba1\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4ecd\u5728\u8349\u64ec\u4e14\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u679c\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u6fb3\u6d32\u4eca\u5e74\u9054\u5230\u8ca0\u96fb\u50f9\u3001 \u4e2d\u570b\u5efa\u69cb\u5168\u570b\u6700\u5927\u55ae\u9ad4\u5149\u4f0f\u6cbb\u6c99\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002
2015 \u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u5354\u5b9a\u4e5f\u9996\u6b21\u65bc\u4eca\u5e74\u91dd\u5c0d\u5404\u570b\u9032\u5c55\u9032\u884c\u76e4\u9ede\uff0c \u4f46\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u537b\u4ecd\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u78b3\u6392\u3002
Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures, CFR
\u96d6\u7136\u6b63\u8996\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u74b0\u4fdd\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u6f2b\u6f2b\u9577\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\u4f86\u7e3d\u7d50\uff1a
\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u6c70\u9664\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6216\u4e0d\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f55\u6642\u3002
\u2014 the science is clear \u2014 fossil fuels must go, Natuer
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The Funniest Wild Animals In Photos, Forbes
\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u95dc\u5fc3\u4e00\u4e0b\u4eca\u5e74\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5427\uff01
The inside of a rat\u2019s eye won the 2023 Nikon Small World photo contest, ScienceNews
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u3002
\u7d93\u904e60\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b \u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u7f55\u898b\u4e14\u300c\u6703\u4e0b\u86cb\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u300d\uff0c \u660e\u65e5\u79d1\u5b78
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4fdd\u80b2\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u91ab\u5b78\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u734e\u9805\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u660e\u6216\u7a81\u7834\u3002
\u524d\u9762\u5217\u8209\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c08\u696d\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u7cbe\u9078\uff0c \u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6e1b\u80a5\u85e5\u7269 GPL-1\u3002 ScienceNews \u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6e1b\u80a5\u85e5\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u76db\u884c\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u6578\u4f4d","title":"\u6578\u4f4d","text":"ChatGPT and science: the AI system was a force in 2023 \u2014 for good and bad, Nature
Nature \u9996\u5ea6\u628a\u975e\u4eba\u5217\u9032\u5e74\u5ea6\u5341\u5927\u512a\u79c0\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c \u9019\u500b\u975e\u4eba\u5c31\u662f ChatGPT\u3002 \u4e26\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e94\u500b\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u7528\u7684 AI \u5de5\u5177\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u6c3e\u6feb\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u4eca\u5e74\u8ad6\u6587\u88ab\u9000\u7a3f\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u842c\u4ef6\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u6b77\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d AI \u5de5\u5177\u7684\u96b1\u6182\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u4eca\u5e74\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u6703\u8cea\u8a62\u7684 OpenAI \u57f7\u884c\u9577\u3001 \u6b50\u76df\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u7f6e\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\u548c \u4e00\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7db2\uff0c \u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u5c08\u5bb6\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 Meta \u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c \u800c\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5206\u88c2\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002
\u9019\u53c8\u6703\u5e36\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0cAI \u6709\u610f\u8b58\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u6703\u812b\u96e2\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u55ce\uff1f \u9577\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u547d\u984c\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u5217\u51fa\u6e05\u55ae\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u6307\u6a19\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002
ChatGPT \u5e36\u4f86\u7684 AI \u6f6e\u6d41\u6b63\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4e16\u754c\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u8da8\u7de9\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u7c21\u55ae\u63d0\u5e7e\u500b\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u771f\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u51b0\u5c71\u4e00\u89d2\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u9ad8\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9ad8\u8017\u96fb\u9ad8\u78b3\u8db3\u8de1\uff0c \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u6c34\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8017\u6750\uff0c \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u628a\u5546\u696d\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e1f\u5165\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002
AI \u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002 \u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5 AI \u767c\u5c55\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c \u5916\u570b\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u9ad8\u7d1a\u8d85\u5546\u64a4\u9664\u6548\u7387\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u7d50\u5e33\u529f\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u901a\u8a0a\u6c7d\u8eca\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba","title":"\u901a\u8a0a\u3001\u6c7d\u8eca\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba","text":"\u6210\u719f\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u767c\u9054\u7684\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u3002
\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6975\u5ba2\u516c\u5712\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7522\u54c1\uff0c \u611b\u8303\u5152\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u91dd\u5c0d\u6c7d\u8eca\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u7121\u8072\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u584a\u4e00\u584a\u7a4d\u6728\uff0c\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c \u9010\u6f38\u5806\u9ad8\u5230\u8b93\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u5427\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u79d1\u6280","title":"\u79d1\u6280","text":"India\u2019s Moon mission: four things Chandrayaan-3 has taught scientists
ScienceNews \u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u6458\u8981 \u548c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5341\u5927\u9752\u5e74\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c \u7576\u7136\u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u7cbe\u9078\uff0c \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eca\u5e74\u91cd\u8981\u6216\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\u3002
\u5370\u5ea6\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5165\u6708\u7403\u5357\u6975 \uff08ScienceNews\u3001 Nature\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u628a\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u8a02\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u592a\u967d\u3002
\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u6708\u7403\u7684\u6c27\u548c\u786b\uff0c \u8a72\u63a2\u7d22\u4efb\u52d9\u4e5f\u5728\u62b5\u9054\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52d9\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u4f11\u7720\u671f\uff0c \u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\u7684\u6708\u7403\u4efb\u52d9\u5c07\u4e4b\u5e36\u56de\u3002
\u65e9\u5728 1969 \u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c31\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u4e0a\u6708\u7403\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u985e\u63a2\u7d22\u6708\u7403\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u7de9\u6162\u5462\uff1f \u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u63a2\u7d22\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u5931\u6557\u7387\u9ad8\u9054 50%\uff0c \u5728\u6295\u8cc7\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98a8\u96aa\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u5f88\u591a\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u4e5f\u4fe1\u8a93\u65e6\u65e6\u5730\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u65e5\u672c\u9084\u4ee5\u73a9\u5177\u70ba\u767c\u60f3 \uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u651d\u5f71\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u3002
\u65e5\u672c\u592a\u7a7a\u8239\u5df2\u7d93\u8457\u9678
\u65bc 2024 \u5e74\u8457\u9678\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8dcc\u5012\u4e86\ud83d\ude02
Japan\u2019s successful Moon landing was the most precise ever
The Year\u2019s Most Spectacular Photos from the James Webb Telescope, Time
\u96a8\u8457\u53bb\u5e74\u5049\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\uff08\u7167\u7247\u96c6\uff09\u7684\u767c\u9001\uff0c \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u731c\u6e2c\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u6e96\uff0c \u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u4e86\uff0c \u4e2d\u570b\u4e5f\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u555f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5929\u6587\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u5929\u773c\uff0c \u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u592a\u967d\u5c04\u96fb\u6210\u50cf\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3002
These incredible images are the first from dark-energy telescope Euclid, Nature
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b87\u5b99\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u767c\u73fe\uff1a
\u5361\u6b7b\u7684\u87ba\u7d72\u5df2\u7d93\u89e3\u958b
\u5df2\u7d93\u65bc 2024 2\u6708\u89e3\u958b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u53d6\u5f97\u88e1\u9762 121.6 \u514b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u7d04 60 \u514b\u5728\u5148\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u5012\u51fa\uff09\u3002
NASA\u2019s OSIRIS-REx nabbed over 120 grams of space rocks from asteroid Bennu
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u91cf\u5b50","title":"\u91cf\u5b50","text":"Nobel Prize in Physics 2023
\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u65b9\u5411\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u8853\u7121\u7591\u662f\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\uff0c \u4e14\u5927\u5b78\u6b63\u9010\u6f38\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u624d\u532f\u5165\u5230\u4f01\u696d\u4e2d\u3002
\u4e00\u500b\u6280\u8853\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9650\u7e2e\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u3002
\u2014 \u65bc IBM \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6 Olivia Lanes
\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u8853\u90fd\u662f\u7de9\u6162\u800c\u5805\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u6642\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u96a8\u8457\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7206\u767c\u5f0f\u767c\u73fe\uff08\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c \u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u56f0\u96e3\u3002 \u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u65b0\u805e\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u591a\u5167\u5bb9\u770b\u5f97\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u61c2\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u76e1\u91cf\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u6216\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u56f0\u96e3\u8207\u52d9\u5be6\u4e2d\u9593\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002
\u7da0\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u770b\u8457\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u8457\u5be6\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u52d5\u3002
\u80fd\u6e90\u958b\u767c\u76f8\u95dc\uff1a
\u90fd\u5e02\u8a2d\u8a08\u76f8\u95dc\uff1a
Israel-Hamas War: Timeline and key developments
\u9019\u6bb5\u843d\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5217\u51fa\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u6539\u8b8a\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\u8ac7\u4e00\u4e0b\u958b\u6e90\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u52d5\u76ea\u3002 RedHat \u7684\u9589\u6e90\u653f\u7b56\uff0c \u8b93\u4ee5\u524d\u8f9b\u82e6\u8ca2\u737b\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\u611f\u5230\u88ab\u80cc\u53db\u3002
\u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\uff1a \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6709\u7528\uff1b \u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u5229\u7528\u514d\u8cbb\u5ba2\u6236\u4f86\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4ed8\u8cbb\u5ba2\u6236\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u4ed8\u8cbb\u5ba2\uff0c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u5229\u76ca\u3002
\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002
\u2014 I'm Done RedHat Enterprise Linux
\u4e0d\u53ea\u5982\u6b64 HashiCorp \u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c \u628a\u65d7\u4e0b\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u5408\u7d04\u8f49\u6210\u8f03\u70ba\u9589\u6e90\u7684\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u6709\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u6563\u4f48\u5176\u8edf\u9ad4\u5230\u96f2\u7aef\u8cfa\u9322\u3002 \u962e\u4e00\u5cf0\u900f\u904e ElasticSearch \u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c \u63d0\u51fa\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u63a8\u51fa\u4f01\u696d\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u8cfa\u9322\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u516c\u958b Google \u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u95e1\u8ff0\u958b\u6e90\u793e\u7fa4\u624d\u662f AI \u7684\u89e3\u65b9\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u64f4\u589e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4eba\u6578\u3002 \u793e\u7fa4\u4e0a\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8d8a\u80fd\u7fd2\u6163\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u4e0a\u5236\u5b9a\u5229\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u3002
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\u7e3d\u7d50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c2023 \u5e74\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u71b1\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u4eba\u5011\u6b63\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u7cfe\u6b63\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5171\u696d\u3002 \u751f\u7269\u4e0a\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u71b1\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u6578\u4f4d\u7684\u7576\u7d05\u8b70\u984c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u662f AGI \u548c\u900f\u904e\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u79d1\u6280\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8e8d\u4e0a\u570b\u969b\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u767b\u4e0a\u6708\u7403\u5357\u6975\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u8ac7\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u9019\u7bc7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u5e74\u4f86\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c \u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5167\u5bb9\u5f88\u96dc\u4e82\uff0c\u6703\u9700\u8981\u518d\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u77e5\u3002 Martin Kleppmann \u7684 2023 year in review\uff0c \u6211\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u932f\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u8ac7\u8ac7\u81ea\u5df1\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u969b\u9047\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u53c8\u4e0d\u592a\u60f3\u628a\u79c1\u751f\u6d3b\u516c\u8af8\u65bc\u4e16\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5009\u5132\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u7db2\u4e0a\u7684 2023 \u56de\u9867\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u66f4\u597d\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
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\u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7ad9\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u505a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u6574\u7406\uff0c \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u4e00\u4e9b issues \u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u5099\u5fd8\u9304\u3002
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{{ blog_content }}
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"},{"location":"#\u5c08\u6848","title":"\u5c08\u6848","text":"\u540d\u7a31 \u7248\u672c \u7c21\u4ecb POS \u7cfb\u7d71 Privacy Policy SpotlightAnt \u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177 Lua \u958b\u767c\u5de5\u5177 \u57f7\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u6aa2\u67e5 JOSE JWT/JWE/JWS/JWK \u7684\u5305\u88dd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u958b\u6e90\u5c08\u6848
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{{ blog_content essay }}
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/","title":"\u958b\u767c\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u6539\u9032","text":"\u6458\u8981
\u672c\u6587\u6458\u9304\u81ea\uff1aDevEx in Action\u3002
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---\ntitle: \u958b\u767c\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u65b9\u5411\n---\nflowchart LR\n p[\u500b\u4eba]\n t[\u5718\u968a]\n o[\u7d44\u7e54]\n fs(\u5fc3\u6d41)\n fl(\u56de\u994b)\n cl(\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377)\n fs --H1a-->p\n fs --H1b-->t\n fs --H1c-->o\n fl --H2a-->p\n fl --H2b-->t\n fl --H2c-->o\n cl --H3a-->p\n cl --H3b-->t\n cl --H3c-->o\n\u900f\u904e\u554f\u5377\u548c PLS \u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c \u9996\u5148\u78ba\u4fdd\u554f\u5377\u9805\u76ee\uff08\u524d\u4e09\u9805\uff09\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\uff08\u5fc3\u6d41\u3001\u56de\u994b\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\uff09\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e14\u5408\u7406\uff0c \u63a5\u8457\u627e\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\uff08x \u5229\u65bc y\uff09\u548c\u9805\u76ee\uff08\u5f8c\u4e09\u9805\uff09\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e26\u78ba\u8a8d\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f PLS-SEM \u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u986f\u69cb\u5ff5\uff08exogenous construct\uff09\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff08formatively item\uff09\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u69cb\u5ff5\u3002
\u9805\u76ee \u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206 \u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \u5728\u5de5\u6642\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\u9032\u884c\u5c08\u6ce8\u5730\u958b\u767c1 3.383 0.845 0.826 \u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u9031\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u591a\u9577\u88ab\u975e\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e72\u64fe\u6216\u4e2d\u65b72 3.826 1.087 0.557 \u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u76841 3.580 0.871 0.796\u5fc3\u6d41\u69cb\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4fe1\u5ea6: 0.776\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u7570\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf: 0.542
\u9805\u76ee \u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206 \u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \u9762\u5c0d\u516c\u53f8\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7591\u554f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u6216\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u5e38\u6703\u82b1\u8d85\u904e\u5341\u5206\u9418\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a3 2.799 1.309 0.793 \u591a\u5c11\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5be9\u95b1\uff08code review\uff09\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\u5167\u5b8c\u62104 2.895 1.412 0.698\u56de\u994b\u69cb\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4fe1\u5ea6: 0.715\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u7570\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf: 0.558
\u9805\u76ee \u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206 \u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \u5728\u4f60\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5718\u968a\u4e2d\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5bb9\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5982\u4f555 3.735 0.858 0.728 \u4f60\u591a\u5e38\u8f15\u6613\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc1 3.827 0.788 0.648 \u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u8f15\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u76841 3.607 0.841 0.759 \u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u958b\u767c\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c0\u64cd\u4f5c\u76841 3.689 0.854 0.780\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u69cb\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4fe1\u5ea6: 0.820\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u7570\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf: 0.534
\u63a5\u8457\u4e0b\u9762\u662f PLS-SEM \u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u69cb\u5ff5\uff08endogenous construct\uff09\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff08reflectively item\uff09\u6703\u53cd\u61c9\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u69cb\u5ff5\u3002
\u9805\u76ee \u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206 \u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5b78\u5230\u548c\u6211\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u80fd6 3.922 0.995 0.670 \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u6709\u751f\u7522\u529b6 3.680 0.990 0.816 \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6709\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7684\u8868\u73fe6 3.635 0.993 0.852\u500b\u4eba\u5f71\u97ff\u69cb\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4fe1\u5ea6: 0.825\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u7570\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf: 0.614
\u9805\u76ee \u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206 \u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \u4f60\u6703\u5982\u4f55\u8a55\u6bd4\u5718\u968a\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u54c1\u8cea5 3.584 0.865 0.945 \u4f60\u591a\u5e38\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6280\u8853\u50b5\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9805\u76ee1 2.826 0.917 0.653\u5718\u968a\u5f71\u97ff\u69cb\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4fe1\u5ea6: 0.790\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u7570\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf: 0.660
\u9805\u76ee \u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206 \u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \u8ca0\u8377\u91cf \u4f60\u591a\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8077\u7f3a\uff08\u672c\u56de\u7b54\u53ea\u6703\u7528\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u9014\uff097 3.922 1.024 0.607 \u6211\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u652f\u6301\u5275\u610f\u767c\u60f36 3.922 0.999 0.869 \u6211\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6a196 3.680 0.828 0.830 \u6211\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u7372\u5229\u76846 3.635 0.913 0.605\u7d44\u7e54\u5f71\u97ff\u69cb\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u4fe1\u5ea6: 0.823\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u7570\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf: 0.545
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---\ntitle: \u6307\u6a19\u5c0d\u5404\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5ea6\n---\nflowchart LR\n p[\u500b\u4eba]\n t[\u5718\u968a]\n o[\u7d44\u7e54]\n fs(\u5fc3\u6d41)\n fl(\u56de\u994b)\n cl(\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377)\n fs --0.307-->p\n fs --0.173-->t\n fs --0.167-->o\n fl --NS-->p\n fl --0.141-->t\n fl --NS-->o\n cl --0.254-->p\n cl --0.422-->t\n cl --0.325-->o\n\u4ee5\u5716\u4e2d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u300c\u56de\u994b\u300d\u5c31\u53ea\u5c0d\u300c\u5718\u968a\u300d\u6709\u8f03\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b \u800c\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u300d\u5247\u662f\u5c0d\u300c\u5718\u968a\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u6709\u6700\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u300c\u5fc3\u6d41\u300d\u5c0d\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u9ad8\u3002
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"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u56de\u994b","title":"\u56de\u994b","text":"\u597d\u7684\u56de\u994b\u50c5\u80fd\u512a\u5316\u5718\u968a\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002
\u64c1\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\u5be9\u95b1\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u7522\u54c1 20% \u7684\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\u5be9\u95b1\u6703\u52a0\u5feb\u5718\u968a\u8d70\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u61c9\u5167\u90e8\u958b\u767c\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u6703\u964d\u4f4e 50% \u7684\u6280\u8853\u50b5\u767c\u751f\u7387\uff0c \u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u4ee3\u78bc\u6587\u4ef6\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8981\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u95b1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377","title":"\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377","text":"\u82e5\u958b\u767c\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u9ad8\u5ea6\u719f\u6089\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u63d0\u9ad8 42% \u7684\u958b\u767c\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6703\u8b70\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u8de8\u5718\u968a\u6216\u5718\u968a\u5167\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5982\u679c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u63d0\u5347 50% \u7684\u5275\u65b0\u3002 \u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u6e1b\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u7559\u4efb\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u5718\u968a\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/devex-in-action/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u7e3d\u7d50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u958b\u767c\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u908a\u7684\u7cbe\u83ef\u5728\u65bc \u7528\u6578\u64da\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8861\u91cf\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u59cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u52a0\u901f\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u512a\u5316\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6578\u5b57\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u5347 40%\uff0c\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u964d\u4f4e 10%\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u52a3\u52e2\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u65bc\u512a\u5316\u958b\u767c\u9ad4\u9a57\u662f\u525b\u8d77\u6b65\u9084\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\u3002
1=\u5f9e\u4e0d\u30012=\u9bae\u5c11\u30013=\u5076\u723e\u30014=\u7d93\u5e38\u30015=\u5e7e\u4e4e\u00a0\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9
1=\u6578\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u4e00\u6b21\u30012=\u6bcf\u65e5\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30013=\u6bcf\u5169\u5929\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30014=\u6bcf\u9031\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30015=\u6bcf\u5468\u5c0f\u65bc\u4e00\u6b21\u00a0\u21a9
1=\u6bcf\u5169\u5929\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30012=\u6bcf\u5468\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30013=\u6bcf\u5169\u5468\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30014=\u6bcf\u6708\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u30015=\u6bcf\u6708\u5c0f\u65bc\u4e00\u6b21\u00a0\u21a9
1=0-20%\u30012=21-40%\u30013=41-60%\u30014=61-80%\u30015=81-100%\u00a0\u21a9
1=\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u30012=\u7cdf\u7cd5\u30013=\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u30014=\u597d\u30015=\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u00a0\u21a9\u21a9
1=\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u30012=\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u30013=\u7121\u6cd5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u30014=\u540c\u610f\u30015=\u975e\u5e38\u540c\u610f\u00a0\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9\u21a9
1=\u6bcf\u65e5\u30012=\u6bcf\u9031\u30013=\u6bcf\u6708\u30014=\u6bcf\u6578\u6708\u30015=\u5f9e\u4e0d\u00a0\u21a9
GPL \u548c AGPL \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5565\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u8a72\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u8981\u516c\u958b\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\uff09\u3002
If you are not directly linking against the GPL'd library, then your software should not need to be licensed as GPL.
Reference
\u4f46\u662f LGPL \u6216 GPL with classpath exception \u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8a31\u5f15\u7528\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u76f4\u63a5\u8907\u88fd\u8cbc\u4e0a\u9032\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u3002
There are less permissive licenses like the LGPL and the GPL with classpath exception that allow the code to be linked by any other code (so in Java terms, you can have dependencies with those licenses), but not embedded (or, more likely copy-pasted).
Reference
\u4e0b\u8868\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u8a31\u53ef\u9593\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
The easiest way to check all your npm dependency
\u5728\u591a\u500b Repo \u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 GPL \u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6703\u662f\uff1a
\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b script \u627e\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/gpl-check/#npm","title":"NPM","text":"# data/derived/package.json.deps.txt has package name in second column, same as composer\n$ awk '{print $2}' data/derived/package.json.deps.txt \\\n | sort -u \\\n | xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c 'curl \"https://registry.npmjs.org/{}/latest\" -s \\\n | jq -r '\"'\"'select(.name != null) | [.name, .license|tostring] | @tsv'\"'\"' \\\n | tee -a data/derived/package.json.deps.license.txt'\n$ awk '{print $2}' data/derived/composer.json.deps.txt \\\n # \u907f\u514d\u7279\u5b9a vendor \u7684\u5957\u4ef6\n | grep -v '^104' \\\n # \u907f\u514d\u975e\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 php\n | grep '\\/' \\\n | sort -u \\\n | xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c '\n curl \"https://repo.packagist.org/p2/$1.json\" -s \\\n | jq -r \".packages[] | to_entries | .[].value | select(.name != null) | [.name, .license|tostring] | @tsv\" \\\n | sed \"s/\\\",\\\"/\\\\t/g\" | sed \"s/\\\\[\\\"//\" | sed \"s/\\\"\\\\]//\" \\\n | tee -a data/derived/composer.json.deps.license.txt' - {}\nMaven \u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u6709\u9ede\u591a\uff0c\u5148\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u518d\u53d6\u8a72\u7248\u672c\u7684 POM \u6a94\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee5 org.springframework.boot \u7684 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa \u70ba\u4f8b\u3002
scripts/parse-pom.js \u8a73\u898b\u65bc\u6b64
$ base='https://repo1.maven.org/maven2'\n# \u4e0d\u662f `.` \u505a\u5340\u9694\u800c\u662f `/`\n$ project='org/springframework/boot'\n$ app='pring-boot-starter-data-jpa'\n# \u53d6\u5f97\u6307\u5b9a\u5957\u4ef6\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\n$ curl -s \"$base/$project/$app/maven-metadata.xml\" \\\n | grep '<latest>' \\\n # \u79fb\u9664 <latest>2.7.1</latest> \u7684 tag\n | cut -c 13- | rev | cut -c 10- | rev\n2.7.1\n\n# \u53d6\u8a72\u7248\u672c\u7684 POM \u6a94\n$ curl \"$base/$project/$app/2.7.1/$app-2.7.1.pom\" \\\n | node scripts/parse-pom.js\norg.springframework.boot pring-boot-starter-data-jpa Apache-License-Version-2.0\n\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 script\uff1a
build.gradle \u548c pom.xml \u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7be9\u9078\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c pom.xml \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7be9\u9078 dep \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5
. 5. \u628a\u7d50\u679c\u4ee5 / \u9023\u7d50$ file='data/derived/build.gradle.deps'\n$ filter='NF >= 4'\n$ filter=\"$filter && \\$2 ~ /.*dependency.*/\"\n$ filter=\"$filter && \\$3 !~ /(104|jar|androidx|com\\.cac\\.)/\"\n$ filter=\"$filter && \\$3 ~ /\\./\"\n$ awk \"$filter {print \\$3 \\\"/\\\" \\$4}\" \"$file.txt\" | \\\n sed 's/\\./\\//g' | \\\n sort -u > \"$file.trimmed.txt\"\n\n$ cat data/derived/build.gradle.deps.trimmed.txt | \\\n xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c '\n curl -s \"$base/$1/maven-metadata.xml\" \\\n | grep \"<latest>\" \\\n | cut -c 13- | rev | cut -c 10- | rev \\\n | awk \"{print \\\"$1 \\\" \\$1}\" >> \"$file.latest.txt\"' - {}\n\n$ cat \"$file.latest.txt\" | \\\n awk '{print $1 \"/\" $2 \" \" $1 \"-\" $2 \".pom\"}' | \\\n sed 's/ .*\\//\\//g' | \\\n xargs -P 8 -I{} bash -c '\n curl \"$base/$1\" -s \\\n | node scripts/parse-pom.js \\\n >> \"$file.license.txt\"' - {}\n\u67e5\u627e\u7d50\u679c
"},{"location":"essay/gpl-check/#npm_1","title":"NPM","text":"build.gradle \u548c pom.xml \u90fd\u8981\u8dd1\u5b8c\u3002
Nginx using calendar versioning, and it release stable version every 2 years.
If you are wondering what changes between 1.18 and 1.20 then you can see all changes in 1.19. The reason 1.22 has additional version (1.22.1) is because CVE (CVE-2022-41741, CVE-2022-41742)
Message prefix \ud83d\udc41\ufe0f is change that I think it is important.
You can grep the messages by raw changes: by-versions or by structured: by-module/by-protocols/others.
"},{"location":"essay/nginx-changelog/#global","title":"Global","text":"Security:
resolver directive was used, allowing an attacker who is able to forge UDP packets from the DNS server to cause worker process crash or, potentially, arbitrary code execution (CVE-2021-23017). 1.21.0Feature:
min_free parameter of the proxy_cache_path, fastcgi_cache_path, scgi_cache_path, and uwsgi_cache_path directives. Thanks to Adam Bambuch. 1.19.1userid_flags directive. 1.19.3proxy_cookie_flags directive. 1.19.3proxy_cookie_flags directive can now contain variables. 1.19.8$connection_time variable. 1.19.10keepalive_time directive. 1.19.10Bugfix:
negative size buf in writer alerts might appear in logs if a memcached server returned a malformed response. 1.19.1large_client_header_buffers sizes were used in different virtual servers. 1.19.2[crit] cache file ... has too long header messages might appear in logs if caching was used and the backend returned responses with the Vary header line. 1.19.3stale-if-error cache control extension was erroneously applied if backend returned a response with status code 500, 502, 503, 504, 403, 404, or 429. 1.19.3upstream sent frame for closed stream errors might occur when working with gRPC backends. 1.19.5GET http://example.com?args HTTP/1.0. 1.19.6no live upstreams errors if a server inside upstream block was marked as down. 1.19.6add_trailer directive. 1.19.7return directive was used with the image_filter or xslt_stylesheet directives. 1.19.7zero size buf in output alerts might appear in logs if an upstream server returned an incorrect response during unbuffered proxying; the bug had appeared in 1.19.1. 1.19.7auth_delay or limit_req delay, or when working with backends. 1.19.9\", <, >, \\, ^, ``,{,|, and}` characters when proxying with changed URI. 1.21.1info level instead of error; the bug had appeared in 1.21.1. 1.21.4$content_length variable when using chunked transfer encoding. 1.21.4Connection: keep-alive header line in responses during graceful shutdown of old worker processes. 1.21.6EPOLLEXCLUSIVE on Linux client connections were unevenly distributed among worker processes. 1.21.6Change:
keepalive_requests directive was changed to 1000. 1.19.10Host request header line. 1.21.1Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding header lines are present in the request. 1.21.1Transfer-Encoding header line. 1.21.2sendfile_max_chunk directive was changed to 2 megabytes. 1.21.4Workaround:
[crit] SSL_write() failed messages might appear in logs when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. 1.19.3gzip filter failed to use preallocated memory alerts appeared in logs when using zlib-ng. 1.19.10Grouped by modules.
Bugfix:
mp4_start_key_frame directive in the ngx_http_mp4_module. Thanks to Tracey Jaquith. 1.21.4Feature:
fastopen parameter of the listen directive in the stream module. Thanks to Anbang Wen. 1.21.0SSL_sendfile() when using OpenSSL 3.0. 1.21.4ssl_alpn directive in the stream module. 1.21.4proxy_half_close directive in the stream module. 1.21.4Feature:
proxy_smtp_auth directive in mail proxy. 1.19.4proxy_protocol parameter of the listen directive, the proxy_protocol and set_real_ip_from directives in mail proxy. 1.19.8max_errors directive in the mail proxy module. 1.21.0Bugfix:
Grouped by protocols.
"},{"location":"essay/nginx-changelog/#ssl","title":"SSL","text":"Feature:
ssl_reject_handshake directive. 1.19.4ssl_conf_command, proxy_ssl_conf_command, grpc_ssl_conf_command, and uwsgi_ssl_conf_command directives. 1.19.4proxy_ssl_certificate, proxy_ssl_certificate_key grpc_ssl_certificate, grpc_ssl_certificate_key, uwsgi_ssl_certificate, and uwsgi_ssl_certificate_key directives. 1.21.0Auth-SSL-Protocol and Auth-SSL-Cipher header lines are now passed to the mail proxy authentication server. Thanks to Rob Mueller. 1.21.2$ssl_alpn_protocol variable. 1.21.4$ssl_curve variable. 1.21.5Bugfix:
ssl_ocsp directive. 1.19.1SSL_shutdown() failed (SSL: ... bad write retry) messages might appear in logs. 1.19.2ssl_ocsp directive was used. 1.19.2SSL_shutdown() failed (SSL: ... bad write retry) messages might appear in logs; the bug had appeared in 1.19.2. 1.19.3@SECLEVEL=N in the ssl_ciphers directive. 1.21.2ssl_session_ticket_key when using TLSv1.3. 1.21.6Change:
Bugfix:
upstream sent frame for closed stream errors might occur when working with gRPC backends. 1.19.5Feature
Bugfix:
resolver directive was not specified. 1.19.0upstream sent response body larger than indicated content length errors might occur when working with gRPC backends; the bug had appeared in 1.19.1. 1.19.9Bugfix:
error_page directive. 1.19.3keepalive_timeout 0; the bug had appeared in 1.19.7. 1.19.8Content-Length header line was not present in the request. 1.21.2aio_write directive. 1.21.4sendfile and aio directives. 1.21.5Change:
lingering_close, lingering_time, and lingering_timeout directives now work when using HTTP/2. 1.19.1http2_max_field_size and http2_max_header_size directives have been removed, the large_client_header_buffers directive should be used instead. 1.19.7http2_recv_timeout, http2_idle_timeout, and http2_max_requests directives have been removed, the keepalive_timeout and keepalive_requests directives should be used instead. 1.19.7Bugfix:
zero size buf in output alerts might appear in logs if a FastCGI server returned an incorrect response; the bug had appeared in 1.19.1. 1.19.2Change:
from 1.19.0 to 1.22.1(stable)
"},{"location":"essay/nginx-changelog/#1216","title":"1.21.6","text":"\ud83d\udcc6 25 Jan 2022
\ud83d\udcc6 28 Dec 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 02 Nov 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 07 Sep 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 31 Aug 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 06 Jul 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 25 May 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 13 Apr 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 30 Mar 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 09 Mar 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 16 Feb 2021
\ud83d\udcc6 15 Dec 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 24 Nov 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 27 Oct 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 29 Sep 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 11 Aug 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 07 Jul 2020
\ud83d\udcc6 26 May 2020
Node.js v14 \u7248\u5c07\u65bc 2023-04-30 \u8d77\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u63f4\uff08EOL\uff09\uff0c \u800c v16 \u7248\u5c07\u65bc 2023-09-11 \u904e\u671f\uff0c \u7531\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5f9e v14 \u76f4\u63a5\u5347\u5230 v18\uff082025-04-30\uff09\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u6703\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u9ede\u3002
\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u6709\u6458\u8981\u6574\u7406\u55ce\u7576\u7136\u6709\uff0c\u4f60\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u5403\u751f\u9b5a\u7247\uff1a
\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u716e\u904e\u7684\uff1a
v14 \u5230 v18 \u652f\u63f4\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u5f9e ES2019 \u5347\u5230 ES2023\uff0c \u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f v14 \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b ES2019 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 v14 \u652f\u63f4 private class method\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u537b\u662f ES2022 \u624d\u958b\u59cb\u652f\u63f4\u7684 API\uff1a
class MyClass {\n #myPrivateField = 'this is private';\n}\n\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u5c0d\u7167\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230 node.green \u67e5\u770b\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/node-changelog-14-18/#v8","title":"V8","text":"Node.js \u6bcf\u6b21\u5347\u7248\u90fd\u6703\u66f4\u65b0 V8 \u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u6240\u6709\u7248\u672c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230 Chrome road-map \u67e5\u770b\u3002 v14 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f 8.6\uff0c\u800c v18 \u5247\u662f 10.1\u3002
\u6240\u8b02 V8 10.1 \u7248\u672c\uff0c \u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9 Chrome 101 \u7248\uff0c\u8a73\u898b V8 version numbering scheme\u3002
V8 \u7684\u5347\u7248\u5927\u81f4\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d ES \u7684\u9069\u61c9\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u8abf\u6821\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053 V8 \u65b0\u589e\u6216\u8abf\u6574\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b API \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\uff1a
git log branch-heads/A.B..branch-heads/X.Y include/v8\\*.h\n\u4f86\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u8a73\u898b api-changes\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/node-changelog-14-18/#typescript","title":"TypeScript","text":"TypeScript \u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e5f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba Node.js \u5347\u7248\u800c\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\uff1a
v14 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684 openssl \u7248\u672c\u662f v1.1.1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f v18 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684 openssl \u662f v3.0\uff0c \u76f8\u95dc\u5dee\u7570\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b openssl migration_guide\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u61c9\u8a72\u662f TLS \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002 \u5728 v3.0 \u4e2d\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u62d2\u7d55 server \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684 renegotiation \u6a5f\u5236\uff0c \u8a73\u898b RFC-5736 TLS Renegotiation Extension\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e openssl \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u500b\u5354\u5b9a\uff1a
$ openssl s_client -connect legacy-server.example.com:443\nCONNECTED(00000005)\n8056015BF87F0000:error:0A000152:SSL routines:final_renegotiate:unsafe legacy renegotiation disabled:ssl/statem/extensions.c:893:\n---\nno peer certificate available\n---\nNo client certificate CA names sent\n---\nSSL handshake has read 53 bytes and written 338 bytes\nVerification: OK\n---\nNew, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)\nSecure Renegotiation IS NOT supported\nCompression: NONE\nExpansion: NONE\nNo ALPN negotiated\nSSL-Session:\n Protocol : TLSv1.2\n Cipher : 0000\n Session-ID: \n Session-ID-ctx: \n Master-Key: \n PSK identity: None\n PSK identity hint: None\n SRP username: None\n Start Time: 1681355997\n Timeout : 7200 (sec)\n Verify return code: 0 (ok)\n Extended master secret: no\n---\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported \u9019\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c \u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\u62d2\u7d55\u9019\u6b21\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u9084\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u820a\u7248\u7684 TLS \u5be6\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u900f\u904e tcpdump \u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5c01\u5305\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 server hello \u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7f3a\u5c11\u8a72 extension \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
Extension: renegotiation_info (len=1)\nType: renegotiation_info (65281)\nLength: 1\nRenegotiation Info extension\n Renegotiation info extension length: 0\n\u5982\u679c\u74b0\u5883\u5f88\u96e3\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 HTTP client \u4e0a\u505a\u8abf\u6574\uff1a
import { constants } from 'node:crypto'\naxios.create({\n httpsAgent: new https.Agent({\n secureOptions: constants.SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION,\n }),\n});\n\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u555f\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\u9935\u7d66 OpenSSL \u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\uff1a
nodejs_conf = openssl_init\n\n[openssl_init]\nssl_conf = ssl_sect\n\n[ssl_sect]\nsystem_default = system_default_sect\n\n[system_default_sect]\nOptions = UnsafeLegacyRenegotiation\n\u7136\u5f8c\u555f\u52d5 Node.js\uff1a
# \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578 OPENSSL_CONF\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u512a\u5148\u6b0a\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002\nnode --openssl-config=openssl.conf\n\u5b8c\u6574\u904e\u6642\uff08deprecated\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u7167\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u6b77\u4f86\u6240\u6709\u904e\u6642\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc v14 \u5230 v18 \u4e4b\u9593\u904e\u6642\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6bd4\u5c0d v14 \u7684\u904e\u6642\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u627e\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u591a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u904e\u6642\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u9762\u624d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aDEP0153 dns.lookup and dnsPromises.lookup options type coercion\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u51fa\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u9ede\uff1a
request.abort() \u7684\u68c4\u7528\uff0c \u5efa\u8b70\u6539\u6210 request.destroy()\u9019\u88e1\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
import { setTimeout } from 'timers/promises';\nasync function run() {\n await setTimeout(5000);\n}\nheadersTimeout\uff1a\u8b80\u53d6 HTTP Header \u8d85\u904e 60 \u79d2\u5f8c\u6703\u4e2d\u65b7\u9023\u7ddarequestTimeout\uff1a\u8655\u7406 HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u8d85\u904e 5 \u5206\u9418\u5f8c\u6703\u4e2d\u65b7\u9023\u7dda\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u9084\u5728\u958b\u767c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
const myInit = {\n method: \"GET\",\n headers: {\n Accept: \"image/jpeg\",\n },\n mode: \"cors\",\n cache: \"default\",\n};\n\nfetch(new Request(\"flowers.jpg\"), myInit)\nimport test from 'node:test';\nimport assert from 'assert';\n\ntest('synchronous passing test', (t) => {\n // This test passes because it does not throw an exception.\n assert.strictEqual(1, 1);\n});\n\u9019\u6b21\u5347\u7248\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u7121\u75db\u5347\u7248\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5e73\u5e38\u6709\u5728\u7528\u975c\u614b\u898f\u5247\u548c\u55ae\u5143\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5347\u7248\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u8f03\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002 \u5c31\u653e\u5fc3\u7d66\u5b83\u5347\u4e0a\u53bb\u5427\uff01
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/","title":"PLS-SEM\uff1a\u91cf\u5316\u62bd\u8c61\u6307\u6a19","text":"PLS-SEM \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9a57\u8b49\u5047\u8a2d\u3001\u6578\u64da\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u5c07\u89e3\u91cb\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002
\u53c3\u7167
\u672c\u7bc7\u53c3\u7167 \u300cPartial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook\u300d\u3002
\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJoseph F. Hair Jr., G. Tomas M. Hult, Christian M. Ringle, Marko Sarstedt, Nicholas P. Danks, Soumya Ray
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u7d50\u69cb\u8aaa\u660e","title":"\u7d50\u69cb\u8aaa\u660e","text":"\u5de6\u53f3\u5169\u908a\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7a31\u4f5c \u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08measurement model\uff09\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u69cb\u9762\uff08Y1 \u5230 Y4\uff0cconstruct\uff09\u548c\u8b8a\u6578\uff08x1 \u5230 x10\uff0cvariable\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5247\u7a31\u4f5c \u7d50\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\uff08structural model\uff09\u3002
x1 \u5230 x10 \u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6307\u6a19\u8b8a\u6578\uff08\u6216\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u3001\u9805\u76ee\uff0cindicator variable, indicator, latent variable, item\uff09\uff1a
x1 \u5230 x6\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6307\u6a19 \uff08\u6216\u5916\u751f\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\uff0cformative indicator, exogenous latent variable\uff09\uff1bx7 \u5230 x9\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6307\u6a19 \uff08\u6216\u5167\u751f\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\uff0creflective indicator, endogenous latent variable\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e0a\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u5de6\u908a\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u662f \u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08formative measurement model\uff09\u3001 \u53f3\u908a\u5247\u662f \u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08reflective measurement model\uff09\u3002
\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u69cb\u9762\u548c\u8b8a\u6578\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 x1 \u5230 x3 \u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb Y1\u3001Y1 \u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb Y2\uff1b \u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u4ea6\u5982\u662f\u3002\u800c\u76f8\u5c0d
\u7576\u69cb\u9762\u6216\u8b8a\u6578\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9805\u76ee\u5171\u8b8a\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08error terms\uff0ce7 \u5230 e9 \u548c z3 \u5230 z4\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5617\u8a66\u300c\u8a08\u7b97\u300d\uff08\u6216\u5171\u8b8a\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u7b46\u6578\u64da\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u800c\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002 \u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u69cb\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7d42\u7522\u751f\u7684\u662f\u5404\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u89e3\u91cb\u69cb\u9762\u6642\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u800c\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c Y4 \u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u6240\u4ee5\u6307\u6a19\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u55ae\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u6642\u7528\u4f86\u300c\u89e3\u91cb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8a08\u7b97\u300d\u3002
\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\uff08measurement variable\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u8b8a\u6578\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u300d\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002
\u7576\u5047\u8a2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u69cb\u9762\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u500b\u6216\u55ae\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u578b\u6642\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\u6216\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u6bd4\u8f03-cb-sem","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03 CB-SEM","text":"\u4f86\u6e90\u9019\u6bb5\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u300d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u9810\u8a2d\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u8a31\u591a\u4f86\u6e90\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u300d\uff0c \u5efa\u8b70\u53c3\u7167\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d 1.3 \u7ae0\u300cPLS-SEM and CB-SEM\u300d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u9023\u7d50\u3002
\u611f\u60f3
\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u6bb5\u662f\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff0cPLS-SEM \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6bb5\u843d\u5617\u8a66\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002
PLS-SEM \u548c CB-SEM \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u6bcf\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
CB-SEM \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u7684 SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u69cb\u9762\u8996\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u76f8\u95dc\u6307\u6a19\u4e4b\u9593\u5171\u8b8a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6307\u6a19\u53ca\u5176\u5171\u8b8a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0cCB-SEM \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u6210\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65bd\u52a0\u7279\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u5982\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u8003\u91cf\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5f15\u5c0e\u5047\u8a2d\u6216\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u300d\u3002
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cPLS-SEM \u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d44\u5408\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc PLS \u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u7684 SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5728 PLS-SEM \u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8a08\u662f\u4ee5\u7dda\u6027\u7d44\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u6574\u5408\u6307\u6a19\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c \u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u6307\u647d\u662f\u5c0d\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4ee3\u7406\u3002 \u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457 PLS-SEM \u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u4f30\u8a08\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u69cb\u9762\u3002 \u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u4f30\u8a08\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5373\u5f62\u6210\u7d44\u5408\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u4e0d\u61c9\u8207\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5373\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u70ba\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u6027\uff09\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cPLS \u91cb\u653e\u4e86 CB-SEM \u7684\u5f37\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u6307\u6a19\u96c6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5171\u8b8a\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u52a0\u6b0a\u7d44\u5408\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8003\u616e\u6e2c\u91cf\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97 PLS-SEM \u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u7e3d\u5206\u7684\u591a\u5143\u8ff4\u6b78\uff08multiple regression using sum scores\uff09\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u90fd\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u52a0\u6b0a\u3002
\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cPLS-SEM \u7522\u751f\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u4e26\u4e0d\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u70ba\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba CB-SEM \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u5be6\u8b49\u6e2c\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c PLS-SEM \u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u537b\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728 CB-SEM \u4e2d\u884d\u751f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff08metrological uncertainty\uff09\u3002
\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u6307\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u88ab\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u5206\u6563\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u4f86\u6e90\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6216\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u6e2c\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6642\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9019\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86 CB-SEM \u5206\u6790\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u6a19\u6e96\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u9a57\u8b49\u6e2c\u91cf\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u7684SEM\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5728 CB-SEM \u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u8655\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u660e\u986f\u589e\u52a0\u3002 \u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u578b\u9069\u914d\u5ea6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u6bcf\u500b\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7d44\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c \u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u8a8d\u70ba CB-SEM \u5728\u8861\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u6982\u5ff5\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u9010\u6f38\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7e3d\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u8a08\u91cf\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u6e2c\u91cf\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u69cb\u9762\u5206\u6578\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e5f\u5c0d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728 CB-SEM \u6846\u67b6\u5167\u4f30\u8a08\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u5206\u6578\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u4f30\u8a08\u5206\u6578\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7121\u9650\u591a\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u8b8a\u6578\u5206\u6578\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6a21\u578b\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5206\u6578\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7d50\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u8207\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8b8a\u6578\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97 CB-SEM \u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u3002
\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cPLS-SEM\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u512a\u52e2\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6307\u6a19\u6b0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5b83\u7e3d\u662f\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u7d44\u5408\u751f\u6210\u55ae\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u5373\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u5206\u6578\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u6578\u662f\u88ab\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50\u662f CB-SEM \u4e2d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4e00\u6a23\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u300d\u7576\u6578\u503c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u6642\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff08indeterminancy\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff08determinancy\uff09\u3002
\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7406\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\uff0cPLS-SEM \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u5e73\u65b9\u8ff4\u6b78\uff08least squares regression\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c \u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5167\u751f\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u9805\uff08\u5373\u6b98\u5dee\u65b9\u5dee\uff09\u3002 \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cPLS-SEM \u901a\u904e\u4f30\u8a08\u4fc2\u6578\uff08\u5373\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5167\u751f\u69cb\u9762\uff08\u5373\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff09\u7684 \\(R^2\\) \u503c\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7279\u6027\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86 PLS-SEM \u7684\uff08\u6a23\u672c\u5167\uff09\u9810\u6e2c\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u8b8a\u7570\uff08\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\uff09\u6642\uff0cPLS-SEM \u662f\u9996\u9078\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cPLS-SEM \u4e5f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u8b8a\u7570\u7684 SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0cPLS-SEM \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u4f86\u4f30\u8a08\u6a21\u578b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u91cd\u5c0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8b8a\u6578 \uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9019\u7bc7\uff09 \u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u3002
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cCB-SEM \u5c07\u7e3d\u8b8a\u7570\u62c6\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff1a\u5171\u540c\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u548c\u8aa4\u5dee\u8b8a\u7570\u3002 \u4f46\u50c5\u5229\u7528\u5171\u540c\u8b8a\u7570\uff08\u5373\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u6a19\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\uff09\u9032\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8a08\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0cCB-SEM \u50c5\u89e3\u91cb\u6e2c\u91cf\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u6a19\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5354\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8b8a\u6578\u3002
PLS \u8ff4\u6b78PLS-SEM \u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u591a\u8b8a\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\u6280\u8853\uff0cPLS \u8ff4\u6b78\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u3002 PLS \u8ff4\u6b78\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u8ff4\u6b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u63a2\u7d22\u591a\u500b\u81ea\u8b8a\u6578\u8207\u55ae\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u56e0\u8b8a\u6578\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0cPLS \u8ff4\u6b78\u8207\u5e38\u898f\u8ff4\u6b78\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u958b\u767c\u8ff4\u6b78\u6a21\u578b\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u65b9\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u591a\u81ea\u8b8a\u6578\u7d44\u5408\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u7d44\u5408\u56e0\u5b50\u3002 \u800c PLS-SEM \u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u9810\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u69cb\u9762\u8207\u69cb\u9762\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u8207\u8b8a\u6578\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u3002
\u4e0b\u8868\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86 PLS-SEM \u548c CB-SEM \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u7279\u5fb5 PLS-SEM CB-SEM \u54f2\u5b78 \u57fa\u65bc\u7d44\u5408 \u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50 \u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b \u69cb\u9762\u5206\u6578\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c \u69cb\u9762\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u5b50 \u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8a08 \u6700\u5c0f\u5e73\u65b9\u8ff4\u6b78 \u6700\u5927\u6982\u4f3c\u4f30\u8a08 \u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5 \u8b8a\u7570\u91cf\u5206\u6790 \u5171\u8b8a\u91cf\u5206\u6790 \u8cc7\u6599\u985e\u578b \u7121\u5206\u4f48\u8981\u6c42 \u5e38\u614b\u5206\u4f48 \u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55 \u5c0d\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u9810\u6e2c \u5c0d\u65bc\u6f5b\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf \u7406\u8ad6\u65b9\u5411 \u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55 \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf \u8b8a\u7570\u89e3\u91cb \u91cd\u8996\u5c0d\u5167\u751f\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u89e3\u91cb \u8f03\u5c11\u95dc\u6ce8\u89e3\u91cb\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u95dc\u6ce8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9069\u914d\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b \u6a21\u578b\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6 \u5c0d\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f03\u5f37\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6027 \u5728\u8907\u96dc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a08\u7b97\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u6230"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805","title":"\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805","text":"\u8a2d\u8a08 PLS-SEM \u6a21\u578b\u6642\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u56db\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff1a
\u9078\u7528\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u6216\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08levels of measurement\uff09\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c \u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6709\u56db\u500b\u7a2e\u985e\uff1a
\u91dd\u5c0d\u5047\u8a2d\u9032\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7f6e\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u9032\u884c\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u6548\u7387\u8abf\u6821\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u91dd\u5c0d\u7d50\u679c\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6307\u6a19\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff1a
\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u96dc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6839\u64da\u5404\u6a21\u578b\u9069\u7528\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a55\u4f30","title":"\u53cd\u6620\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a55\u4f30","text":"\u4f9d\u5e8f\u9032\u884c\u56db\u7a2e\u8a55\u4f30\uff1a
\u6307\u6a19\u4fe1\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\uff08indicator loading\uff09\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u4f86\u7b97\u51fa\uff0c \u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u6307\u6a19\u548c\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff1a
\\[\\begin{aligned} \\lambda = \\frac{\\text{Cov}(Y, \\eta)}{\\sqrt{\\text{Var}(\\eta)}} \\end{aligned}\\]\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\text{Cov}(Y, \\eta)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u6307\u6a19\u548c\u6307\u6a19\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u5171\u8b8a\u6578\u3001\\(\\text{Var}(\\eta)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u6307\u6a19\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u671f\u671b\u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\u9ad8\u65bc 0.708\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6307\u6a19\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff08\u5e73\u65b9\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u5c31\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u65bc 0.5\u3002 \u90a3\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u8ca0\u8f09\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f
\u5982\u679c\u5c0f\u65bc 0.4 \u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5927\u65bc 0.4 \u5c0f\u65bc 0.7\uff0c\u5c31\u5efa\u8b70\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u522a\u9664\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6216\u6536\u6582\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u95a5\u503c\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u522a\u9664\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4e\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u901a\u5e38\u4ecd\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u8457\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/pls-sem/#\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fe1\u5ea6","title":"\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fe1\u5ea6","text":""},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/","title":"\u554f\u5377\u8a2d\u8a08\u6307\u5357","text":""},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u984c\u9805\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u539f\u5247","title":"\u984c\u9805\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u539f\u5247","text":"\u4e00\u984c\u591a\u554f
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u674e\u7279\u514b\u91cf\u5c3a","title":"\u674e\u7279\u514b\u91cf\u5c3a","text":"\u554f\u5377\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u554f\u984c\u7684\u985e\u578b","title":"\u554f\u984c\u7684\u985e\u578b","text":"\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u610f\u9858\u5c07\u7522\u54c1\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u89aa\u670b\u597d\u53cb\uff1f
0~10 \u5206\uff1a
\u8ddf\u81ea\u5df1\u8cfd\u8dd1
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u6ce8\u610f","title":"\u6ce8\u610f","text":"\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8cbb\u529b\u601d\u8003
\u5e0c\u671b\u586b\u7b54\u8005\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52d5
\u8996\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u62bd\u734e\u3001\u79ae\u54c1\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u586b\u7b54\u8005\u610f\u9858\u3002
\u5229\u7528 spreadsheet\u3001excel \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u505a\u8349\u7a3f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8a18\u9304\u4fee\u6539\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u505a\u7559\u8a00\u3002
\u628a\u6b77\u4f86\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u3001\u9078\u9805\u5404\u4e00\u9801\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b0\u7684\u554f\u5377
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u6587\u6848","title":"\u6587\u6848","text":"\u6587\u6848\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u65cf\u7fa4\u6027\u8cea\u8abf\u6574\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/questionnaire-principal/#\u554f\u5377\u5206\u6790","title":"\u554f\u5377\u5206\u6790","text":"\u5efa\u7acb container \u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acb image\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6b65\u9a5f\u6703\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8b39\u6982\u7565\u4ecb\u7d39\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
\u88fd\u4f5c image \u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a
\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5247\u662f npm i \u6216\u66f4\u7cbe\u7c21\u7684 npm ci --only=production\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u5982\uff1a
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloaderpip installbundle install --clean --without devDockerfile \u662f Docker \u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb image \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c Makefile\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u70ba Node.js \u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\uff1a
FROM node:lts-alpine AS deps\n\n# Change current folder to /srv\nWORKDIR /srv\nCOPY package*.json ./\nRUN npm ci --only=production\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b Layer\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u547c\u53eb FROM\uff0c\u5373\u4ee3\u8868\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7d44 Stage\u3002
\u5728 Docker \u7684 Best Practice \u4e2d\u6703\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8a\u5c11 command \u8d8a\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u907f\u514d\u904e\u5927\u7684 layer
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/made-container/#\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u57f7\u884c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u74b0\u5883","title":"\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u57f7\u884c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u74b0\u5883","text":"\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b Node.js \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982 npm\u3002
FROM node:lts-slim AS release\n\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Alpine \u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u6975\u7c21\u7684 Node.js\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002
\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u8f09 curl\uff08Alpine \u7121 curl\uff09\u518d\u4e0b\u8f09 Node.js \u5f8c\u522a\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6a94\u6848
\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5167\u5bb9\u8a73\u898b Node.js \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb image \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\u6307\u5f15
\u518d\u4f86\u5c31\u5269\u628a\u525b\u525b\u5728 deps \u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u62c9\u904e\u4f86\uff1a
COPY --from=deps /srv/node_modules ./node_modules\nCOPY . .\n\u8b66\u544a\uff1aCOPY . .\u4ee3\u8868\u6703\u628a\u73fe\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u8907\u88fd\u6b64 image \u4e2d\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6a94\u6848\u88ab\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u53ef\u65bc .dockerignore \u4e2d\u8a2d\u5b9a
.dockerignore \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
node_modules\nnpm-debug.log\nDockerfile\n.git\n.gitignore\n.eslintrc\n\u518d\u4f86\u5c31\u5269\u6e96\u5099\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e86\uff1a
EXPOSE 1337\nENV HOST 0.0.0.0\nENV PORT 1337\nCMD [ \"node\", \"server.js\"\ndocker build -t example/server:v0.0.1 .\n\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5404\u500b layer \u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
Sending build context to Docker daemon 155.6kB\nStep 1/11 : FROM node:lts-alpine AS deps\n ---> 532fd65ecacd\n... TRUNCATED ...\nStep 11/11 : CMD [ \"node\", \"server.js\" ]\n ---> Running in d7bde6cfc4dc\nRemoving intermediate container d7bde6cfc4dc\n ---> a99750d85d81\nSuccessfully built a99750d85d81\nDocker Image \u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u900f\u904e SHA \u503c\u9032\u884c\u66ab\u5b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6539\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u3002
SHA \u503c\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b SHA \u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u73fe\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7d44\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u82e5\u6539\u52d5\u7684\u50c5\u6709\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u5982 server.js\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u5efa image \u6642\u5c31\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c COPY . . \u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u7576 package.json \u6539\u8b8a\u6642\uff08\u5982 dependency \u589e\u52a0\uff09\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5f9e deps \u9019\u5c64 stage \u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u3002
\u900f\u904e docker history example/server:v0.0.1 \u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u770b\u5176\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7528\u91cf\u3002
v0.0.1 \u4ee3\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u7248\u672cv0.0.2 \u4ee3\u8868\u4fee\u6b63 server.jsv0.0.3 \u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u589e\u5957\u4ef6\u672c\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc NIST 800-32 Ct.3
\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a
certificate policy \u5b9a\u7fa9\u7c3d\u8b49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a72\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u91d1\u9470\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u9577\u5ea6\u3002\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u50c5\u6709\u7c3d\u767c\u6642\u4f5c\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u653e\u5728\u7c3d\u8b49\u4e0a\u3002
correctly configuring root certificate stores is a critical step in key management.
X.509 \u6703\u653e
\u9a57\u8b49\u904e\u7a0b
\u9a57\u8b49\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08path validation\uff09\uff1a
\u7c3d\u8b49\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5c55\u793a\uff08\u7c3d\u8b49\u6c92\u88ab\u64a4\u92b7\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
\u82e5\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 key establishment \u505a\u7c3d\u8b49\uff0c\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u91d1\u9470\u7684\u56de\u5fa9\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/pki-checklist/#procurement-guidance","title":"Procurement Guidance","text":"\u6311\u9078 CA \u7522\u54c1\u7684 check list\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/pki-checklist/#cara-software-and-hardware","title":"CA/RA Software and Hardware","text":"\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u61c9\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5fc5\u8981\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/pki-checklist/#certificate-issuance","title":"Certificate Issuance","text":"For federal agencies, detailed configuration guidance for OCSP responders is specified in Draft Guidance for OCSP Responders in the U.S. Federal PKI.17
\u5c0d\u65bc\u548c PKI \u7533\u8acb\u6b0a\u8b49\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff1a
Docker Desktop \u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8981\u9322\u4e86\uff0c\u8a72\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53d6\u4ee3\uff1f
\u73fe\u6709\u5de5\u5177\uff1a
colima start --runtime containerd \u4f86\u8abf\u6574\uff09\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5efa\u7f6e\u74b0\u5883\u3002lima, nerdctl\uff09\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u4ee4\u4ecb\u9762\u95dc\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f container runtime/engine \u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8d85\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 A breakdown of container runtimes for Kubernetes and Docker\u3002
\u672c\u7bc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9\u5c07\u4e0d\u518d\u9069\u7528
\u7531\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u6e90\uff08\u958b\u7bc7\u90a3\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9019\u9ebc\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u555f\u4e00\u500b VM \u4f86\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0b\u9762\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u770b\u4e86\ud83d\ude02
\u2014 2022/11/28
\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b VM\uff08Linux based\uff09\u53bb\u652f\u6490 Docker\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981 Docker \u8981\u7528 VM\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/replace-docker-desktop/#\u79fb\u9664-docker-desktop","title":"\u79fb\u9664 Docker Desktop","text":"$ brew install docker\n# Optional: docker-compose\n$ brew install docker-compose\nbrew install vagrant\nbrew install virtualbox\n\u5efa\u7acb Vagrantfile\uff1a
# encoding: utf-8\n# -*- mode: ruby -*-\n# vi: set ft=ruby :\nVAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = \"2\"\n\nVagrant.configure('2') do |config|\n # ubuntu 14.x\n # config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/trusty64'\n # ubuntu 16.x\n config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/xenial64'\n # ubuntu 18.x\n # config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/bionic64'\n # ubuntu 20.x\n # config.vm.box = 'ubuntu/focal64'\n\n # Optional: hostmanager\n config.hostmanager.enabled = true\n config.hostmanager.manage_host = true\n config.hostmanager.manage_guest = true\n config.hostmanager.include_offline = true\n config.vm.hostname = 'docker.local'\n\n # \u4efb\u4e00 IP \u5373\u53ef\n # \u672c\u6a5f\u8981\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u6b64 Docker \u9700\u8981\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\n # export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.66.4:2375\n # \u6216\u8005\u900f\u904e hostmanager \u6307\u5b9a\u7684 host name\n # export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://docker.local:2375\n # \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u53bb\u8fa8\u8a8d IP\n config.vm.network 'private_network', ip: '192.168.66.4'\n\n # guest \u4ee3\u8868 VM port\uff0chost \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u6a5f port\n config.vm.network 'forwarded_port', guest: 2375, host: 2375, id: 'dockerd'\n # \u4f7f\u7528 ID \u65b9\u4fbf\u8a18\u61b6\n config.vm.network 'forwarded_port', guest: 80, host: 80, id: 'http'\n # Protocol \u6709\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8981\u6539\n config.vm.network 'forwarded_port', guest: 2000, host: 2000, id: 'xray', protocol: 'udp'\n\n config.vm.provision \"docker\"\n config.vm.provision 'shell', path: 'provision.sh'\nend\n\u5efa\u7acb provision.sh
# Configure Docker to listen on a TCP socket\n# https://stackoverflow.com/a/42204921/12089368\n# https://dev.to/dhwaneetbhatt/run-docker-without-docker-desktop-on-macos-306h\nmkdir /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d\n\necho '[Service]\nExecStart=\nExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock' > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/docker.conf\n\necho '{\n \"hosts\": [\"fd://\", \"tcp://0.0.0.0:2375\"]\n}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json\n\n# Reload configuration\nsystemctl daemon-reload\nsystemctl restart docker.service\n\u5efa\u7acb VM
# Build VM + provision\n$ vagrant up\n# play with VM\n$ vagrant ssh\n# \u66f4\u65b0 IP \u8a2d\u5b9a\n$ vagrant reload\n\u8a2d\u5b9a Docker Daemon \u8def\u5f91
# IP \u6216\u662f Host \u8a73\u898b\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Vagrantfile\n$ export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.66.4:2375\n\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 Docker\uff01
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/","title":"TCP socket \u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6392\u67e5","text":"\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u653e\u5728 Ubuntu 18 \u7684 Docker \u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5728\u555f\u52d5\u4e4b\u521d\u548c Redis \u9032\u884c\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u9023\u7dda\u6703\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u83ab\u540d\u5931\u6548\uff1a\u5c0d\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d Redis \u4f86\u8aaa\u537b\u4e0d\u5728\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u662f\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u600e\u9ebc\u78ba\u8a8d\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1","title":"\u600e\u9ebc\u78ba\u8a8d\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1","text":"\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e09\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f Redis\u3001Ubuntu\uff08Host\uff09\u548c\u627f\u8f09\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Container\uff09\u3002
/\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 netstat\uff0c \u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684 ss\u3002
$ netstat -tn | grep ESTABLISHED\ntcp 0 0 172.0.0.1:53558 172.0.0.2:6379 ESTABLISHED\ntcp 0 0 172.0.0.1:37672 172.0.0.2:6379 ESTABLISHED\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f\u5217\u51fa\u5728 Host \u4e0a\u548c Redis\uff08port 6379\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5167\u90e8\u548c Redis \u4e0a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u662f Redis \u7684 grep \u5c31\u6703\u6539\u6210 LISTEN
\u7576\u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff08\u7d04\u4e94\u5230\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff09\uff0c Redis \u5c31\u6703\u6536\u5230 TCP RST\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u9023\u7dda\u95dc\u6389\uff1a
\u5728\u6642\u9593 14:28:29.395914\uff08\u5c01\u5305\u7de8\u865f 2886\uff09\u6642\uff0cclient \u548c Redis \u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u5728 14:28:29.443402\uff08\u5c01\u5305\u7de8\u865f 2919\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 Redis \u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u904e\u4e86\u7d04\u4e94\u5206\u9418\uff0cRedis \u56de\u61c9 TCP Keep-Alive\uff08\u50c5\u6709\u6a19\u982d\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u7de8\u865f 3855\uff09\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u662f\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5728 Redis \u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86 300 \u79d2\u7684 TCP Keep-Alive\u3002
\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u662f\uff0cclient \u537b\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\uff08\u7de8\u865f 3856\uff09\u56de\u61c9 TCP RST\u3002
\u7576\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u78ba\u8a8d\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c \u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f9e Host \u9084\u662f Container \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u9084\u5728\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9019\u500b TCP RST\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8ab0\u767c\u7684\uff1f
\u5c31\u7d50\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8a18\u9304\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
Ubuntu \u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u6703\u88dd\u4e0a systemd \u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u5f88\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u662f system-network\u3002 \u76f8\u95dc\u7684 issue\uff08docker0 interface keeps losing IPv4 ipaddress\uff09 \u8868\u73fe\u4e86\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u671d\u8457\u65b9\u5411\u8ffd\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\u900f\u904e networkctl list \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u537b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408 issue \u4e0a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a
$ networkctl list\nIDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP\n 1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged\n 2 ens3 ether routable configured\n 3 ens4 ether off unmanaged\n 4 docker0 ether no-carrier unmanaged\n942 br-788fecf403ed ether routable unmanaged\n944 veth6af5546 ether degraded unmanaged\n\n6 links listed.\n\u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cdocker \u76f8\u95dc\u7684 link\uff08docker0\u3001br-* \u548c veth*\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e system-network \u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 degraded \u4ee3\u8868\u8a72 link \u6c92\u6709 public IP\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u865b\u64ec\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe","title":"\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe","text":"\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053 Host \u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u5728 netstat \u611f\u77e5\u5230\u8b8a\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u62d2\u7d55\u6389\u5c01\u5305\u4e86\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3 netstat \u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002
\u63a8\u85a6\u4f7f\u7528 ssss \u662f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u53d6\u4ee3 netstat \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
the netstat command has been deprecated in favor of the faster, more human-readable ss command.
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u904e\u6642\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5 Linux foundation \u4e2d\u63a8\u85a6\u7684 networking \u5de5\u5177\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
program obsoleted by arp ip neigh ifconfig ip addr ipmaddr ip maddr iptunnel ip tunnel route ip route nameif ifrename mii-tool ethtoolss \u662f\u900f\u904e socket_diag \u53bb\u53d6\u5f97 OS's kernel \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
netstat \u662f\u900f\u904e /proc \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d netstat \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9023\u7dda\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5176\u5be6\u662f user-space \u800c\u975e kernel space\uff1a
\u4e0a\u9762\u9019\u5f35\u5716\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e2\u7136\u5fb5\u72c0\u662f TCP RST \u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc layer3 \u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u9032\u5230 user-space \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u584a\uff1a
mangle \u548c filter \u90fd\u662f iptables \u7b49\u9632\u706b\u7246\u670d\u52d9\u6703\u8ddf OS \u8a3b\u518a Hooks \u4f86\u9054\u6210\uff0c \u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u8e10\u9019\u500b Hook \u7684\u5c31\u662f Netfilter\u3002 \u5728\u96f2\u539f\u751f\u74b0\u5883\u7684 Cilium \u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e Linux \u4e2d\u7684 eBPF \u5be6\u8e10\u3002
NAT \u5247\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4fee\u6b63 IP \u4f86\u9054\u5230\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u628a \u672c\u5730 IP \u8f49\u6210\u5916\u90e8 IP\u3002
\u90a3 pre-routing \u7684 conntrack \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#smoking-gun-2---conntrack","title":"Smoking gun 2 - conntrack","text":"conntrack\uff08connection tracking\uff09\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u72c0\u614b\uff0c \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u500b\u300c\u9023\u7dda\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f L4 \u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5c31\u662f conntrack \u4ecd\u6703\u53bb\u8ffd\u8e64 UDP\u3001ICMP \u9019\u985e\u975e\u300c\u9023\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6d41\u7a0b\u72c0\u614b\uff1f\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u6536\u5230 TCP ACK\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u55ce\uff1f
\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u73fe\u5728\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa8\u5225\u9019\u500b ACK \u662f\u5e36\u6709\u60e1\u610f\u7684 ACK \u9084\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684 ACK\uff1f
\u900f\u904e\u5728\u6240\u6709 port \u4e0a\u9762\u767c\u9001 ACK \u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u76ee\u524d\u8a72\u7bc0\u9ede\u958b\u901a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b port\uff08\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u4e9b client port\uff09\uff0c \u5982\u679c port \u88ab\u958b\u901a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6703\u6536\u5230 TCP RST\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u6703\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8b93\u9019\u985e\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u4e0d\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8b93 conntrack \u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fa8\u5225\u54ea\u500b ACK \u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684 ACK\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf conntrack \u6703\u8ffd\u8e64\u81f3\u5c11\u516d\u7a2e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
$ conntrack -L\nudp 17 29 src=172.0.0.1 dst=172.0.0.3 sport=138 dport=138 [UNREPLIED] src=172.0.0.3 dst=172.0.0.1 sport=138 dport=138 mark=0 use=1\ntcp 6 110 TIME_WAIT src=172.0.0.1 dst=172.0.0.4 sport=40286 dport=80 src=172.0.0.4 dst=172.0.0.1 sport=80 dport=40286 [ASSURED] mark=0 use=1\n\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u8f38\u51fa\uff1a
UNREPLIED \u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b UDP\u300c\u9023\u7dda\u300d\u6c92\u6709\u6536\u5230\u56de\u8986\uff0c\u9019\u662f UDP \u7279\u6709\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4e2d\uff0cTCP \u9023\u7dda\u6700\u5f8c\u9032\u5165 ASSURED \u72c0\u614b\uff0c \u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u56e0\u70ba\u5012\u6578\u8a08\u6642\u800c\u88ab\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4ecd\u6703\u5728 TCP \u7d50\u675f\u9023\u7dda\u5f8c\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002
\u9810\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a18\u9304 256K \u500b\u6d41\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e cat /proc/sys/net/nf_conntrack_max \u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\u5354\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u9019\u7bc7 blog\u3002
conntrack \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8cc7\u6e90conntrack \u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u5957\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5e95\u5c64\u5be6\u4f5c\u66f4\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u3002 \u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u6709\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a
Fedora Magazine \u95dc\u65bc conntrack \u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\uff1a
\u6709\u500b cloudflare blog \u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4e1f\u68c4\u4e26\u6368\u68c4 conntrack \u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e ASSURED \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u5982\u540c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300cTCP ACK Scan\u300d\uff0c \u5982\u679c conntrack \u6536\u5230\u6c92\u6709\u8a3b\u518a\u7684 TCP ACK\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u56de\u61c9 TCP RST\u3002
\u9019\u548c\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u884c\u7232\u8868\u73fe\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e86\u55ce","title":"\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e86\u55ce","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u8868\u5fb5\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u611f\u77e5\u4e0d\u5230 TCP Keep-Alive\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u900f\u904e tcpdump \u89c0\u5bdf\u5230 TCP RST\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u61f7\u7591\u662f\u4e0d\u662f conntrack \u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9806\u8457\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5c0b\u627e\u8b49\u64da\u3002
$ conntrack -L | grep 6379 | grep -n ESTABLISHED | wc -l\nconntrack v1.4.4 (conntrack-tools): 171 flow entries have been shown.\n25\n\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u548c Redis\uff08port 6379\uff09\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u6709 25 \u689d\uff0c \u63a5\u8457\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u6aa2\u67e5\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e86\uff1a
$ watch -c 'conntrack -L | grep 6379 | grep -n ESTABLISHED | wc -l'\nconntrack v1.4.4 (conntrack-tools): 90 flow entries have been shown.\n0\n\u900f\u904e syslog \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u67e5\u5230\u7576 conntrack \u986f\u793a\u70ba 0 \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d00\u9304\uff1a
$ tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep DHCP\nJul 4 10:52:38 my-host systemd-networkd[913]: ens3: DHCP lease lost\nJul 4 10:52:38 my-host systemd-networkd[913]: ens3: DHCPv4 address 172.1.0.1/20 via 172.1.0.2\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7576 conntrack \u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u6642\uff08conntrack -L \u70ba\u96f6\uff09\uff0cDHCP Server \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u88ab\u4e86\u9001\u9032\u4f86\uff0c \u9019\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6df1\u5165\u8ffd\u8e64\u3002\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u95dc issue\uff1a
\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 systemd.networkd \u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0a\u91cd DHCP \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u7d81\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a
KeepConfiguration
Takes a boolean or one of \"static\", \"dhcp-on-stop\", \"dhcp\". When \"static\", systemd-networkd will not drop static addresses and routes on starting up process. When set to \"dhcp-on-stop\", systemd-networkd will not drop addresses and routes on stopping the daemon. When \"dhcp\", the addresses and routes provided by a DHCP server will never be dropped even if the DHCP lease expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice if, e.g., the root filesystem relies on this connection. The setting \"dhcp\" implies \"dhcp-on-stop\", and \"yes\" implies \"dhcp\" and \"static\". Defaults to \"dhcp-on-stop\" when systemd-networkd is running in initrd, \"yes\" when the root filesystem is a network filesystem, and \"no\" otherwise.
\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u7ba1\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u662f\u5728 DHCP Server \u4e2d\u7d81\u5b9a\u975c\u614b IP\uff0c \u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u9694\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e00\u6b21 IP\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tcp-socket-loss-after-dhcp/#\u54ea\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f","title":"\u54ea\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f","text":"\u5728\u8655\u7406\u9019\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5176\u5be6\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d Linux \u5e95\u5c64\u8655\u7406\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002 \u91cd\u65b0\u9806\u4e00\u4e0b\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff1a
ACK \u5c01\u5305\uff1aACK \u5c01\u5305\uff1bACK \u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63a5\u8457\u56de\u61c9 RST \u5c01\u5305\uff1bRST\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u91cb\u653e\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u6392\u67e5\u904e\u7a0b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f log\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5728 TCP Dump \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u76e3\u807d Log \u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u3002
\u65e2\u7136\u6392\u67e5\u51fa\u662f client \u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8457\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u770b\u770b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9023\u7dda\u932f\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u662f\u96d6\u7136\u975e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e73\u5e38\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u9032\u5165\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6642\uff0c \u9700\u8981\u76e1\u5feb\u8b93\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u54e1\u6709\u6b0a\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u5230\u7bc0\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u5404\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6bcf\u6b21\u505a\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u7d04\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u7c21\u76f4\u66e0\u65e5\u8cbb\u6642\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u540c\u4e8b Angus \u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u908a\u50c5\u4f5c\u7c21\u55ae\u7d00\u9304\uff0c \u82e5\u672a\u4f86\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5f97\u5230\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u50c5\u4ee5\u6b64\u8868\u9054\u5c0d Angus \u7684\u611f\u8b1d\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tomcat-max-packet-size/","title":"Tomcat \u7684 max_packet_size","text":"Tomcat \u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5 HTTP \u8868\u982d\u904e\u5927\uff0c\u6703\u56de\u61c9 413\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6839\u64da MDN 413 \u4ee3\u8868 Payload Too Large\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f HTTP Body \u904e\u5927\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u6709\u9019\u5dee\u7570\uff1f
\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d Header \u904e\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u61c9\u8a72\u8a2d\u7f6e maxHttpHeaderSize \u55ce\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u7f6e packetSize \u9019\u548c Header \u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5462\uff1f
Tomcat \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u4f9b Web \u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u672c\u8eab\u63d0\u4f9b web-server \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u6cc1\u4ecd\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684 web-server \u505a\u4e32\u63a5\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tomcat-max-packet-size/#web-server","title":"web server","text":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Server \u6703\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 connector \u4f86\u548c Tomcat \u505a\u6e9d\u901a\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5206\u5225\u9700\u8981
\u4f86\u628a HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u50b3\u9001\u7d66 Tomcat\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tomcat-max-packet-size/#worker","title":"worker","text":"\u5c0d\u61c9 web server \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u8655\u7406\u76f8\u95dc HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba worker\uff08backend\uff09\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u672c\u6587\u8b39\u505a Tomcat \u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4ecd\u6709\uff1a
\u7d9c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a
\u4e0a\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\u770b\u5230 Web Server \u548c Worker \u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u662f\u900f\u904e AJP\uff08Apache JServ Protocol\uff09\u9019\u5354\u5b9a\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002
HTTP Connector \u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8aaa\u660e\u3002 AJP Connector \u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8aaa\u660e\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/architecture/tomcat-max-packet-size/#ajp","title":"AJP","text":"\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc HTTP Header \u904e\u5927\uff0cTomcat \u8981\u56de 413\uff1f\u6839\u64da AJP \u4e2d Request Packet Structure \u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u628a HTTP Header \u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6574\u5408\u9032\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u50b3\u9001\u7d66 Worker\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f86\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u5c0d Worker \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u6536\u5230\u7684 HTTP Request \u4e2d\u7684 Header \u4e0d\u55ae\u55ae\u53ea\u662f Header\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684 packet\u3002\u5c01\u5305\u904e\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u56de 413\uff0c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u5408\u7406...
\u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u8a2d\u7f6e maxHttpHeaderSize \u548c packetSize\uff1f\u539f\u4f86 maxHttpHeaderSize \u662f\u7528\u4f86\u7d66 HTTP Connector \u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c packetSize \u662f\u7528\u4f86\u7d66 AJP Connector \u7684\u3002
\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08Legacy system\uff09\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u5834\u60e1\u5922\u3002 \u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff1a
\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6c92\u5fc5\u8981\u53bb\u6539\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u76e4\u6839\u932f\u7bc0\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8981\u53bb\u6539\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u3002 \u9032\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u820a\u7684\u904b\u884c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u820a\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u3001\u820a\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\u5957\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u5728\u8655\u7406\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u51fa\u4e94\u500b\u5de5\u6cd5\uff1a
\u548c\u4e94\u500b\u5fc3\u6cd5\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u53ea\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8655\u7406\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a
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"},{"location":"essay/code/handle-legacy-system/#\u5305\u88dd","title":"\u5305\u88dd","text":"\u900f\u904e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ecb\u9762\uff08Application Programming Interface, API\uff09 \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u820a\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5305\u88dd\u8d77\u4f86\u3002
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"},{"location":"essay/code/node.js-best-practice/","title":"Node.js \u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u4f5c","text":"Referrer from express.js best practice.
In most cases, these are still useful in different frameworks or applications.
"},{"location":"essay/code/node.js-best-practice/#do-in-code","title":"Do In Code","text":"const callback = async () => {\n console.log(\"do another thing\");\n throw new Error(\"foo\");\n console.log(\"do more thing\");\n};\n\nconst method = async () => {\n console.log(\"do first thing\");\n callback();\n console.log(\"do second thing\");\n};\n\nconst main = async () => {\n try {\n method();\n } catch (err) {\n console.log(\"fire try-catch!\");\n }\n\n console.log(\"finish project!\");\n};\ndo first thing\ndo another thing\ndo second thing\nfinish project!\nUnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: foo\n... (error stack)\ncallback invoked some time later after method (do another thing).do second thing).finish project!).env.NODE_ENV='production';https://wiki.debian.org/systemd/ \u21a9
http://upstart.ubuntu.com/ \u21a9
https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/cluster.html \u21a9
https://docs.strongloop.com/display/SLC/Clustering \u21a9
Varnish https://www.varnish-cache.org/ \u21a9
Nginx https://serversforhackers.com/nginx-caching/ \u21a9
Nginx https://serversforhackers.com/nginx-caching/ \u21a9
HAProxy http://www.haproxy.org/ \u21a9
EACCES (Permission denied): An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden by its file access permissions.EADDRINUSE (Address already in use): An attempt to bind a server (net, http, or https) to a local address failed due to another server on the local system already occupying that address.EPERM (Operation not permitted): An attempt was made to perform an operation that requires elevated privileges.EEXIST (File exists): An existing file was the target of an operation that required that the target not exist.EISDIR (Is a directory): An operation expected a file, but the given pathname was a directory.EMFILE (Too many open files in system): Maximum number of file descriptors allowable on the system has been reached, and requests for another descriptor cannot be fulfilled until at least one has been closed. This is encountered when opening many files at once in parallel, especially on systems (in particular, macOS) where there is a low file descriptor limit for processes. To remedy a low limit, run ulimit -n 2048 in the same shell that will run the Node.js process.ENOENT (No such file or directory): Commonly raised by fs operations to indicate that a component of the specified pathname does not exist. No entity (file or directory) could be found by the given path.ENOTDIR (Not a directory): A component of the given pathname existed, but was not a directory as expected. Commonly raised by fs.readdir.ENOTEMPTY (Directory not empty): A directory with entries was the target of an operation that requires an empty directory, usually fs.unlink.\u7c21\u4ecb\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ee5 TypeScript \u70ba\u4f8b\u3002
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"},{"location":"essay/code/object-oriented-terms/#\u985e\u5225","title":"\u985e\u5225","text":"Class\uff0c\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
// \u985e\u5225\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\nclass Poodle {\n // \u975c\u614b\u516c\u958b\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u7684\u817f\u6578\n public static legs = 4;\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u7684\u817f\u6578\n public legs: number;\n\n // \u79c1\u6709\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\n private energy: number;\n\n // \u5efa\u69cb\u5b50\n constructor(legs = Poodle.legs, energy = 10) {\n this.legs = legs;\n this.energy = energy;\n }\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u547c\u53eb\n public shout(): string {\n this.shoutCost();\n return 'woof';\n }\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u96bb\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u53d7\u50b7\u4e86\u55ce\n public isInjured() {\n return Poodle.legs > this.legs;\n }\n\n // \u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u96bb\u8cb4\u8cd3\u72d7\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7d2f\u4e86\n public isTired(): boolean {\n return this.energy < 5;\n }\n\n // \u79c1\u6709\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u7576\u53eb\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u6771\u897f\n private shoutCost(): void {\n this.energy -= 3;\n }\n}\n\u63a5\u8457\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
// \u5efa\u69cb\u5be6\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u8aaa new \u4e00\u500b instnace\nconst poodle = new Poodle(3);\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u958b\u51fd\u5f0f\nconsole.log(`Is injured? ${poodle.isInjured()}`);\nconsole.log(`Shout: ${poodle.shout()}`);\nconsole.log(`Is tired? ${poodle.isTired()}`);\nconsole.log(`Shout: ${poodle.shout()}`);\nconsole.log(`Is tired? ${poodle.isTired()}`);\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u958b\u5c6c\u6027\nconsole.log(`Legs should have: ${Poodle.legs}, but get ${poodle.legs}`);\n// \u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6703\u51fa\u932f\npoodle.energy;\npoodle.shoutCost();\n\u6709\u5e7e\u9ede\u540d\u8a5e\uff1a
\u628a\u985e\u5225\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
abstract class Dog {\n public static legs = 4;\n\n public legs: number;\n\n // \u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u5f9e private \u6539\u6210 protected\n protected energy: number;\n\n constructor(legs = Dog.legs, energy = 10) {\n this.legs = legs;\n this.energy = energy;\n }\n\n public shout(): string {\n this.shoutCost();\n return 'woof';\n }\n\n public isInjured(): boolean {\n return Dog.legs > this.legs;\n }\n\n // \u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u5f9e private \u6539\u6210 protected\n // \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff0cabstract\n protected abstract shoutCost(): void;\n}\n\n// \u8cb4\u8cd3\u72ac\nclass Poodle extends Dog {\n protected shoutCost(): void {\n this.energy -= 3;\n }\n}\n\n// \u9b25\u725b\u72ac\nclass Bulldog extends Dog {\n // \u5446\u5446\u7684\u72d7\u7a2e\uff0c\u568e\u53eb\u6703\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u591a\u9ad4\u529b\n protected shoutCost(): void {\n this.energy -= 4;\n }\n}\n\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff1a
Poodle \u6216 Bulldog \u90fd\u53bb\u7e7c\u627f\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225 Dog\u4f46\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\uff1a
// \u6703\u51fa\u932f\nconst dog = new Dog();\n\u9664\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ecb\u9762\uff08interface\uff09\u4f86\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u62c9\u9ad8\uff1a
interface Animal {\n legs: number;\n\n isInjured(): boolean;\n}\n\n// \u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u7528 implements \u4e0d\u662f extends\nabstract class Dog implements Animal {}\n\u4ecb\u9762\u4e00\u6a23\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\uff1a
// \u6703\u51fa\u932f\nconst animal = new Animal();\n\u9019\u88e1\u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ecb\u9762\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ecb\u9762\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u8a34\u5927\u5bb6\uff1a\u6211\u6709\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u600e\u9ebc\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709 Animal \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709 isInjured \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u56de\u50b3\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f boolean\u3002
\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u985e\u5225\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u300c\u5be6\u4f5c\u300d\u9019\u500b\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225 Dog \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\uff1a
abstract class Dog implements Animal {\n public isInjured(): boolean {\n // \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5be6\u4f5c\n return Dog.legs > this.legs;\n }\n}\n\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u62c9\u9ad8\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f
\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u670b\u53cb\u6253\u96fb\u8a71\u7d66\u4f60\uff0c\u554f\u4f60\u5728\u5e79\u561b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff1a
\u5f9e\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u7576\u7269\u4ef6\u548c\u7269\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9593\u6e9d\u901a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u5beb\u7684\u55ae\u7d14\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
// \u6aa2\u67e5\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u512a\u826f\u7684\nfunction isGoodEnv(animals: Animal[]): boolean {\n // \u627e\u51fa\u75b2\u5026\u7684\u52d5\u7269\n const tiredAnimals = animals.filter((animal) => animal.isTired());\n // \u5982\u679c\u75b2\u5026\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u5c0f\u65bc\u7e3d\u9ad4\u7684\u4e09\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\n return tiredAnimals.length / animals.length < 0.3;\n}\n\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5f88\u591a\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Design Patterns\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/code/object-oriented-terms/#\u6574\u5408\u4e00\u4e0b","title":"\u6574\u5408\u4e00\u4e0b","text":"\u96d6\u7136\u4ecb\u9762\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u578b\u5225\uff08type\uff09\u3002
// \u6311\u9017\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u6703\u89f8\u6cd5\u5b83\u543c\u53eb\nfunction influriate(animal: Animal) {\n return animal.shout();\n}\n\nconst poodle = new Poodle();\nconsole.log(influriate(poodle));\n\u56e0\u70ba CA (Certificate Authorities)\u7c3d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7c3d\u8b49\uff08Certificate\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u4fe1\u4efb\uff08\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3001\u88ab\u653b\u64ca\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u5012\u9589\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b CA \u53bb\u628a\u7c3d\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6191\u8b49\u8a18\u9304\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u958b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0clog\uff09\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u5be9\u6838\u3002
\u9019\u500b\u516c\u958b\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u7a31\u4f5c\u7c3d\u8b49\u900f\u660e\u5316\uff08Certificate Transparency\uff0cCT\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8981\u80fd\uff1a
\u7576\u5be9\u6838\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u65e2\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u64a4\u92b7\u8a72\u6191\u8b49\uff08OCSP1\u3001CRL\u3001CRLSet \u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u597d\u5e7e\u5929\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/certificate-transparency/#referrer","title":"Referrer","text":"\u5efa\u8b70\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 OCSP\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b Referrer \u4e2d\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
HTTP\uff08HyperText Transfer Protocol\uff09\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u50b3\u8f38\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#osi-\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","title":"OSI \u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","text":"\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\uff08Transport Layer\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u8fa6\u6703\u8b70\u5c64\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u5c64\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\uff0c \u4f46\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff08HTTP/3\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9023\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u5305\u9032\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c \u8a73\u898b QUIC \u5b98\u7db2\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u5c01\u5305\u5167\u5bb9\u3002
HTTP \u5efa\u7acb\u5728 TCP \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136 TCP \u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u6703\u8a71\uff08Session\uff09\u548c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u9019\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u524d\u767b\u5165\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u9a57\u8b49\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u5354\u5b9a\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u8fa6\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u300c\u61c9\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u4e86\u3002
\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5\uff0cHTTP \u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u91dd\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c \u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8d85\u6587\u672c\uff08Hypertext\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u50cf\u5e95\u5c64\u5354\u5b9a\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u4f4d\u5143\uff08bit\uff09\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 TCP \u9078\u9805\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7d14\u6587\u5b57\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u53c3\u6578\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 HTTP \u7528 HSTS \u53bb\u5354\u8abf\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u700f\u89bd\u5668\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u54ea\u500b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u6574\u500b\u5354\u5b9a\u975e\u5e38\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff1a\u5354\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 \u4e26\u5206\u5225\u7528 CRLF \u9019\u500b\u63db\u884c\u7b26\u865f\uff0c \u4f86\u6a19\u793a\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5340\u584a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u5354\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a","title":"\u5354\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a","text":"\u9019\u662f\u8acb\u6c42\u6216\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4f60\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7248\u672c\u7684 HTTP\uff0c \u4f60\u91dd\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u54ea\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff08HTTP Path\uff09\uff0c \u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff08HTTP Method\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
GET /hello HTTP/2\n...\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a...\n\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 GET \u65b9\u6cd5\u5230\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684 /hello \u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53bb\u505a HTTP/2 \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56de\u61c9\uff0c \u5247\u662f\u6703\u6709\u7248\u672c\u548c\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08HTTP Status\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
HTTP/2 200\n...\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a...\n\u5c31\u662f\u56de\u61c9 200 \u9019\u500b\u7de8\u865f\uff0c \u5728 RFC-9110 \u4e2d\uff0c 200 \u9019\u500b\u7de8\u865f\u4ee3\u8868 OK\u3002
\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u5354\u5b9a\u64c1\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7709\u89d2\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c \u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u8acb\u6c42\uff08\u6216\u56de\u61c9\uff09\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u884c\uff1a
GET / HTTP/2\nheader1: value\nheader2: value\n\npayload\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc4\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6a19\u982d\uff08Header\uff09\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u5169\u500b\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u884c\u4e4b\u9593\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u5169\u884c\u3002
\u6a19\u982d\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u884c\u9996\u5230\u5192\u865f\u4e4b\u524d\u70ba\u9375\uff08key\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\u6c92\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff1b \u5192\u865f\u5f8c\u70ba\u503c\uff08value\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\u6709\u5dee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u8a95\u751f\u6975\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u8a2d\u5b9a\u74b0\u5883\u3002 \u8eab\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u592a\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5049\u5927\u7684\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 W3C\u3001 IANA \u548c\u5f88\u53d7\u516c\u4fe1\u7684 MDN \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8eab\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u982d\u5927\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u6e9d\u901a\u5167\u5bb9","title":"\u6e9d\u901a\u5167\u5bb9","text":"\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u884c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
POST /give-me-ticket HTTP/2\nheader1: value\nheader2: value\n\n\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u5442\u5b78\u6d32\uff0c\u5e6b\u6211\u8a02\u6a5f\u7968\u3002\n\u81f3\u65bc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8981\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u6a19\u982d\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a","title":"\u6a19\u982d\uff1a\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u7dad\u904b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","title":"\u7dad\u904b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/http/#access-control-max-age","title":"Access-Control-Max-Age","text":"MDN
\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8655\u7406 Preflight \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u8cc7\u5b89\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","title":"\u8cc7\u5b89\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6a19\u982d","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/http/#x-forwarded-for","title":"X-Forwarded-For","text":"\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\u7684 IP \u50b3\u905e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u958b\u653e\u7db2\u8def\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#meta","title":"Meta","text":"set the cookie
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#content-encoding","title":"Content-Encoding","text":"\u907f\u514d CRLF Injection
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#connection","title":"Connection","text":"\u5982\u679c\u8acb\u6c42\u6709\u9019\u500b Header\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u65b9\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4e3b\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\u662f\u8981\u8ca0\u64d4\u8f03\u5927\u7684 TCP \u958b\u92b7\uff0c\u4e26\u8caf\u5b58 TCP TIME_WAIT \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u6a19\u8a8c\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u589e\u52a0\u5feb\u53d6\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
sequenceDiagram\n participant c as Client\n participant s as Server\n c ->> s: Request content\n s ->> c: Content with eTag: `abc`\n c ->> s: Update content if-match: `abc`\n c ->> s: Request content if-none-match: `abc`\nServer \u6536\u5230 if-match \u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7af6\u8cfd\u554f\u984c\uff08\u540c\u6642\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u66f4\u65b0\u8a72 content\uff09\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e if-none-match \u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u820a\u7248\u7684 content \u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u56de\u50b3 304\uff08Not Modified\uff09\uff0c \u907f\u514d\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u8017\u7528\u3002
\u8a2d\u5b9a public max-age=0 must-revalidate \u4ee3\u8868\uff1a
\u5e6b\u6211\u5feb\u53d6\u9019\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u99ac\u4e0a\u8b93\u4ed6\u904e\u671f\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u548c\u6211\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u6771\u897f\u7684
More Aggressive Cache Header
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u7570","title":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u7570","text":"\u76ee\u524d HTTP \u4e3b\u6d41\u4e0a\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u7248\u672c\uff1a1.1\u30012 \u548c 3\u3002 \u6574\u500b\u516c\u958b\u7db2\u8def\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cHTTP/3 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5728 2024/06 \u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u5230 30%\uff0c \u4f46\u662f Cloudflare \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528 HTTP/3 \u7684\u5834\u666f\u662f\u5728\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u662f API \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5247\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f HTTP/1.1\uff0c \u9019\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u671f\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/http/#\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c","title":"\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c","text":"\u6211\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u7528 HTTP \u6e9d\u901a\u55ce
\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9075\u5b88\u4e86\u90e8\u5206 HTTP \u5354\u5b9a\u3002
HTTP \u76f8\u95dc\u7684 RFC \u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u7248\u672c\u5c31\u6709\u56db\u500b\uff1a1.0/1.1/2.0/3.0\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c 1xx \u7684\u56de\u61c9\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f 200\uff09\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 101 Switching Protocol\uff0c \u6709\u6642\u9019\u500b\u7de8\u865f\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u5207\u63db\u5230 WebSocket\u3002
\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cHTTP 2.0 \u62d2\u7d55\u5be6\u4f5c Transfer-Encoding\uff0c \u4f60\u7684 HTTP \u5957\u4ef6\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u5be6\u4f5c\u55ce\uff1f \u7576\u7248\u672c\u70ba HTTP 1.1 \u6642\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u5be6\u4f5c\u5176\u548c Content-Encoding \u7684\u5dee\u7570\u55ce\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/","title":"Maglev","text":"\u672c\u7bc7\u91dd\u5c0d 2016 \u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u6587 Maglev: A Fast and Reliable Software Network Load Balancer \u9032\u884c\u8aaa\u660e\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u6982\u8ff0","title":"\u6982\u8ff0","text":"Maglev \u662f\u500b\u8edf\u9ad4 L4 \u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff08Load Balancer, LB\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684 Linux \u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5927\u5730\u7bc0\u7701\u7dad\u8b77\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff08\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50cf\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u90a3\u6a23\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f active-standby\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u53f0\u8a2d\u5099\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8655\u7406\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u8f15\u6613\u9054\u5230\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\u3002 \u5728\u4f7f\u7528 8 core\u3001128 GiB \u548c 10 Gbps NIC (Network Interface Card) \u7684\u7576\u4ee3\uff082016\uff09\u786c\u9ad4\u4e0b\uff0c \u6bcf\u53f0\u8a2d\u5099\u9054\u5230\u7d04 12 Mpps \u7684\u8655\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u5c0d\u61c9\u5230 Google \u7576\u6642\u6bcf\u500b\u53e2\u96c6\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406 10Gbps \u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c \u9019\u76f8\u7576\u65bc 813Kpps \u7684 1500-byte IP \u5c01\u5305\u3001\u6216\u8005 9.06 Mpps \u7684 100-byte IP \u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f active-standby\u8aaa\u5230 L4 \u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b TCP \u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u7136\u800c TCP \u70ba\u4e86\u505a\u5230\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c \u9700\u8981\u7d00\u9304\u7368\u81ea\u8655\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff08\u70ba\u4e86\u505a\u8a08\u6578\uff09\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5169\u53f0 LB\uff0c\u5c01\u5305\u5206\u6563\u958b\u4f86\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u932f\u3002
\u7db2\u8def\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u6642\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6703\u88ab\u5c01\u88dd\u597d\u5e7e\u5c64\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f OSI \u5206\u5c64\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u7576 Maglev \u524d\u9762\u7684 \u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08router\uff09\u6536\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6703\u900f\u904e ECMP \u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a72\u5206\u6d3e\u5c01\u5305\u7d66\u54ea\u500b Maglev\u3002 \u6b64\u6642\uff0cMaglev \u6839\u64da L3 \u548c L4 \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7d44\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba 5-tuple1\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4f86\u6e90 IP\u3001\u76ee\u7684 IP\u3001\u4f86\u6e90\u961c\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u961c\u3001\u5354\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97 consistent hashing \u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u6700\u7d42\u670d\u52d9\u53e2\u96c6\u88e1\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cMaglev \u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u8655\u7406 L4 \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u78ba\u4fdd\u7279\u5b9a\u6d41\uff08flow\uff09\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u6d41\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f Maglev \u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ad6\u6587\u5167\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u505a\u8d77\u4f86\u537b\u4e26\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58","title":"\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58","text":"\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u8b1b\u7d30\u7bc0\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u7c21\u55ae\u88dc\u8db3\u4e00\u4e0b\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#ecmp","title":"ECMP","text":"Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8def\u7531\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u900f\u904e\u5be6\u969b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5427\uff01
\u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8def\u7531\u5668 (R) \u9023\u63a5\u5230\u4e09\u53f0\u4f3a\u670d\u5668 (S1, S2, S3) \u548c\u4e00\u53f0\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u6a5f\u5668 (C)\u3002 \u5f9e R \u5230\u9054\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7b49\u50f9\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u8def\u5f91 1 (R -> \u4ecb\u9762 1) \u548c\u8def\u5f91 2 (R -> \u4ecb\u9762 2)\u3002 ECMP \u7684\u5c01\u5305\u6d41\u52d5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef C \u5411\u4f3a\u670d\u5668 S1 \u767c\u9001\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u3002ECMP \u5c07\u518d\u6b21\u6839\u64da\u96dc\u6e4a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8a08\u7b97\u8def\u5f91\u3002 \u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a
ECMP \u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff1a
\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4e8b\u9805\uff1a
\u7136\u800c Maglev \u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#bgp","title":"BGP","text":"Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)\uff0c\u865f\u7a31\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5354\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\uff1a
Linux \u5728\u8655\u7406\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5f88\u591a L3/L4 \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\u3002 \u800c\u5728 Maglev \u5be6\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Linux kernel bypass \u9019\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0","text":""},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u73fe","title":"\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u73fe","text":"\u6ce8\u5165\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u900f\u904e Config Manager \u5206\u767c\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c \u5305\u542b\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4 IP \u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u670d\u52d9\u7684 VIP\u3002 \u540c\u6642\u6703\u6709\u500b Health Checker \u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u4e26\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0a\u6e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u5c01\u5305\u3002
Maglev \u4e5f\u6703\u900f\u904e\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684 VIP \u85c9\u7531 BGP\uff08\u5716\u4e0a\u7684 VIP Announcer\uff09\u505a\u8def\u7531\u4f48\u9054\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5169\u53f0 Maglev \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u64c1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u900f\u904e ECMP \u548c consistent hashing \u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u76f8\u540c\u7684 5-tuple \u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
However, consistent hashing will make connection flaps between Maglevs with similar backend pools mostly succeed even during these very short windows.
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#forwarder","title":"Forwarder","text":"Forwarder \u900f\u904e NIC \u6536\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cMaglev \u6703\u9078\u64c7\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u5c01\u5305\u9032\u884c\u5305\u88dd\uff08encapsulation\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u8a72\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u900f\u904e 5-tuple \u9078\u64c7 receiving queues \u6709\u5169\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff1a
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u7279\u5b9a queue \u585e\u6eff\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 round-robin \u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c01\u5305\u4e00\u76f4\u6392\u4e0d\u5230\u968a\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f backend selection \u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff1a
flowchart TD\n packet[Poll from receiving queue] --> vip{Lookup VIP}\n vip --hit-->tuple[Calc 5-tuple]\n vip --miss--> drop[Drop]\n tuple --> backend{Lookup conn table}\n backend --hit--> enc[Encapsulate]\n backend --miss--> hash{Consistent Hashing}\n hash --select--> insert[Insert to table]\n insert --> enc\n hash --empty-->drop\n enc --> trans[Transmission Queue]\n\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 steering \u7684 5 tuple \u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8de8 thread \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b thread \u7dad\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 connection table \u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u7576\u4e0a\u6e38\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u6642\uff0cconsistent hashing \u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230 empty \u7136\u5f8c drop \u6389\u76f8\u95dc\u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u7531\u65bc Maglev \u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Linux \u6a5f\u5668\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e bypass Linux kernel \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u7121\u8b02\u6d88\u8017\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u5c01\u5305\u5728 steering \u548c muxing \u7b49\u6a21\u7d44\u4e4b\u9593\u50b3\u905e\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u6a19\u9032\u884c\u8655\u7406\uff0c \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b packet pool \u4f86\u9650\u5236\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u5728 Maglev \u555f\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u53bb\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684 packet pool \u53bb\u5132\u5b58\u5c01\u5305\uff0c \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0csteering \u548c muxing \u6a21\u7d44\u4e5f\u6703\u5206\u5225\u8981\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684 ring queue \u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u53c8\u5728 ring queue \u4e0a\u653e\u4e86\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u63a2\u91dd\uff1a
\u9019\u88e1\u6bcf\u500b\u63a2\u91dd\u5728\u8655\u7406\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u52a0 1\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63a2\u91dd\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u8ffd\u8d95\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0b\u500b\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u63a2\u91dd\u3002
\u512a\u5316\u8abf\u6574
\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u63a2\u91dd\u90fd\u662f\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63a2\u91dd\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u8d85\u904e 1\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u6703\u5728\u7b49\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u5f8c\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u7b49\u5230\u8d85\u904e \\(50\\mu s\\) \u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u53bb\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u6703\u640d\u5931\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u3002
\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 forwarder \u7684\u6bcf\u500b thread \u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u4e0a\uff0c\u6703\u82b1\u5230\u7d04 350ns\uff0c \u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4e\u6d41\u91cf\u6642\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u5c01\u5305\u8655\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u8b8a\u6162\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u52d5\u614b\u8abf\u6574\u9019\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u8a08\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b Maglev \u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u6975\u9650\u503c\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d packet pool \u5b58\u653e\u6700\u591a 3000 \u500b\u5c01\u5305 \uff08\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 1500-byte\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 4.5 MB \u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u5047\u8a2d\u6574\u500b forwarder \u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406 10 Mpps \u7684\u91cf\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 \\(3000\\text{p} / 10^7\\text{pps} = 0.0003\\text{s}\\) \u79d2\u4f86\u5b8c\u5168\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u5c01\u5305\u3002 \u9019\u4ee3\u8868 Maglev \u6703\u9020\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u5c01\u5305\u6700\u9ad8 \\(300\\mu s\\) \u7684\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#consistent-hashing","title":"Consistent Hashing","text":"\u524d\u9762\u6709\u63d0\u5230 ECMP \u6703\u900f\u904e\u96dc\u6e4a\u4f86\u9078\u64c7\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7576 Maglev \u53e2\u96c6\u6578\u91cf\u6c92\u8b8a\uff0c \u76f8\u540c\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u9078\u64c7\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u500b Maglev \u4e0a\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u7dad\u904b\u65e5\u5e38\u800c\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0\u589e\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u6a5f\u5668\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u908a\u7684 consistent hashing \u5c31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Maglev \u6703\u6839\u64da\u76f8\u540c\u7684 hash \u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
\u908a\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1
\u7576\u5728 Maglev \u7bc0\u9ede\u65b0\u589e\u6e1b\u5c11\u6642\uff08ECMP \u91cd\u7b97\u6642\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u6642\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0 Maglev \u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\uff0c \u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u908a\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9023\u7dda\u932f\u4f4d\uff08connection flaps\uff09\u3002
\u65e9\u5728 1990s Rendezvous \u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b consistent hashing \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c \u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u7528 mod \u4f86\u505a\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u6311\u9078\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u7e3d\u5171\u6709 5 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u6839\u64da 5-tuple \u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u500b hash \u7136\u5f8c\u7528 mod 5 \u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f86\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u9019 5 \u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e 5 \u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u8b8a\u6210 6 \u500b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 10 mod 5 \u5f9e 0 \u8b8a\u6210 4\u3002 consistent hashing \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u65e9\u524d\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5957\u7528\u5728 Maglev \u4e0a\u6703\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u72a7\u7272\u7b2c 2 \u9ede\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u6539\u5584\u7b2c 1 \u9ede\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u8868\u300d
\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u8868\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7d30\u7bc0\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f consistent hashing \u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u8868\uff0c \u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u7a69\u5b9a\u6563\u5217\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\u6bcf\u6b21\u8868\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u7684 5-tuple \u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#maglev-\u7684-consistent-hashing","title":"Maglev \u7684 Consistent Hashing","text":"\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u500b\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba \\(M\\)\u3001\u4e0a\u6e38\u6578\u91cf\u70ba \\(N\\)\uff0c \u4e26\u9078\u5b9a\u5169\u500b hash \u51fd\u5f0f\uff0ch1\u3001h2\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u4f9d\u6b64\u627e\u51fa\u6bcf\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684 offset \u548c skip\uff1a
\u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u51fa\u5c0d\u7167\u8868\uff1a
\\[\\begin{aligned} \\mathit{permutation}_{ij} = (\\mathit{offset}_i + j \\times \\mathit{skip}_i) \\mod M \\qquad \\forall \\quad i \\in N , j \\in M \\end{aligned}\\]\u4f46\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u8a18\u5f97\u628a M \u8a2d\u70ba\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5728\u7528 skip \u904d\u6b77 permutation \u5c31\u6703\u8df3\u4e0d\u51fa\u5faa\u74b0\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba M \u7684\u6563\u5217\u8868 entry\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\u6709 3 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 7\uff0c\u4e14 3 \u500b\u4e0a\u904a\u7684 offset \u548c skip \u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a (3, 4)\u3001(0, 2) \u548c (3, 1)\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa permutation \u8868\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
j i=0 i=1 i=2 0 3 0 3 1 0 2 4 2 4 4 5 3 1 6 6 4 5 1 0 5 2 3 1 6 6 5 2 \u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u7b2c 5 \u884c\u7684 while loop \u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u6f14\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08\u5047\u8a2d B0 \u4ee3\u8868 i=0 \u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\uff09\uff1a
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63a8\u6f14\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa entry\uff1a
\u7576 B1 \u9019\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e0b\u7dda\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u6f14\uff1a
Step B0 B2 1 3 3, 4 2 0 5 3 4, 1 6 4 5, 2 -\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u65b0 entry\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a
\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684 hash \u4ecd\u5728\u539f\u672c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 j=6\u3002 \u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7bc4\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7f6e\u76f8\u61c9\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u7528\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u8b70\u984c\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u900f\u904e\u767d\u7bb1\uff08\u4ee5 HTTP \u65b9\u5f0f\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6a19\uff09\u548c\u9ed1\u7bb1\uff08\u63a2\u91dd\uff09\u53bb\u5b9a\u671f\u76e3\u63a7\u5916\uff0cMaglev \u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9664\u932f\u624b\u6bb5\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u5f9e router \u8d70\u5230 Maglev \u518d\u8d70\u5230\u4e0a\u6e38\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u70ba\u4e86\u9664\u932f\uff0c \u6703\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053 Maglev \u5230\u5e95\u628a\u9019\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u9001\u7d66\u8ab0\u3002 \u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u8b93 Maglev \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8b58\u7279\u5b9a L3 \u548c L4 \u7684\u8868\u982d\uff0c\u7576\u6536\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8868\u982d\uff0c \u5c31\u6703\u628a\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6b77\u7a0b\u7b49\u7b49\u7528\u4f86\u9664\u932f\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u767c\u9001\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 IP \u4e2d\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8005\u986f\u7136\u5f88\u611b\u9019\u500b\u9664\u932f\u5de5\u5177\uff1a
This tool is extremely helpful in debugging production issues, especially when there is more than one Maglev machine on the path, as happens in the case of fragment redirection.
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u6e2c\u8a66","title":"\u6e2c\u8a66","text":"\u6536\u96c6\u6b50\u6d32\u53e2\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c458 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\uff08\u5305\u62ec Google Search\uff09\u7684 connections per second (cps) \u5f8c\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u7684 cps \u5e73\u5747\u503c\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u90fd\u843d\u5728 6%~7%\u3002 \u5f9e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff08\u85cd\u7dda\uff09\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5c01\u548c\u4f5c\u606f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e26\u975e\u7576\u5730\u6642\u9593\uff09\u3002
\u9ec3\u8272\u7dda\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u5426\u904e\u5ea6\u5efa\u7f6e\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u6d41\u91cf\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6642\u5927\u7d04\u843d\u5728 9 \u6210\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u80fd\u529b\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aac\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u670d\u52d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u627f\u8f09 10 rps \u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u6d41\u91cf\u5247\u843d\u5728 9 rps\u3002 \u96e2\u5cf0\u6642\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u91cf\u4f4e\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u8f03\u96e3\u6293\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u904e\u5ea6\u5efa\u7f6e\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u843d\u5728 7.5 \u6210\u5de6\u53f3\u3002
\u9019\u9805\u6307\u6a19\u4ee3\u8868\u8457 Maglev \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5747\u8861\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u904e\u5ea6\u5efa\u7f6e\u3002
SYN \u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u901a\u904e Maglev\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8a08\u7b97 consistent hashing \u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u4e0a\u6e38\uff1b non-SYN \u5247\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u7528\u8a08\u7b97 consistent hashing \u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u91cf\u8f03\u9ad8\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7684 5-tuple\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u3002
\u7576 thread \u6578\u62c9\u9ad8\u5230 6 \u548c 7 \u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u74f6\u9838\u4e0d\u662f\u7b97\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u65bc NIC\u3002 \u7576 NIC \u70ba 40 Gbps \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u518d\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u74f6\u9838\u53c8\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86 steering \u6a21\u7d44\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u512a\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002
\u900f\u904e Maglev \u7684 consistent hashing \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u53ea\u9700\u8981 65537 \u7684\u8868 2\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 65537 \u9019\u9ebc\u5927\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8ca0\u8f09\u9054\u5230\u8db3\u5920\u5747\u8861\u3002
\u4e0a\u5716\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u662f\u8a2d\u5b9a 1000 \u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u61c9\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u548c\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u7e31\u8ef8\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u5728\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u5206\u914d\u5230 0.001 \u7684\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5747\u8861\u8ca0\u8f09\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9664\u4e86 Maglev \u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u8ca0\u8f09\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
\u7531\u65bc Karger \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c Rendezvous \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u6e38\u8b8a\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u53ea\u6709\u5c55\u793a Maglev \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u6e38\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u8ca0\u8377\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u5931\u80fd\uff08\u6a6b\u8ef8\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u7684\u932f\u4f4d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6703\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u5bb9\u932f\u3002
\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0cMaglev \u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f 65537\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba 65537 \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u91cd\u5efa\u9700\u8981\u7d04 1.8ms\uff0c \u800c 655373 \u7684\u8868\u5247\u9700\u8981 22.9ms\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5927\u91cf\u4e0a\u6e38\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c \u72a7\u7272\u7684\u6578\u5341\u6beb\u79d2\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u5212\u7b97\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u64f4\u5c55\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#vip-matching","title":"VIP Matching","text":"Google \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6703\u66ff\u5404\u500b\u53e2\u96c6\u5206\u985e\uff08classes\uff09\uff0c\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u64c1\u6709\u7684 IP \u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 IP \u524d\u7db4\u6703\u66f4\u77ed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 121.113.17.0/20 \u5c31\u6bd4 74.125.137.0/24 \u9084\u8981\u5927\u3002
\u7576\u4e0a\u6e38\u767c\u751f\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0cMaglev \u6703\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e2d\uff0c \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u5404\u500b\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38 VIP\u3002 \u6bd4\u8d77\u900f\u904e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b93\u5404\u500b Maglev \u8a8d\u51fa\u5c0d\u65b9\u4f86\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684 BP \u90fd\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u300c\u5f8c\u7db4\u300d\u7684 VIP\u3002 \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u9650\u5236 Maglev \u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u8f49\u5c0e\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5c0d\u65b9\u4e0a\u6e38 VIP \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u55ae\u7d14\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u524d\u7db4\u6539\u6210\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u8f49\u5c0e\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c173.194.71.1 \u7684 Service 1 \u88ab\u8f49\u5c0e\u70ba 173.194.72.1 \u7684\u76f8\u540c\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u5728 IP \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6280\u8853\u7a31\u70ba IP \u5206\u7247 (IP fragmentation)\uff0c \u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5c01\u5305\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u3002 \u8a72\u5354\u5b9a\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u64c1\u6709 L4 \u7684\u6a19\u982d\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 5-tuple \u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709 port \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 5-tuple \u6703\u5931\u6e96\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9001\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002
Maglev \u6703\u5148\u900f\u904e 3-tuple\uff08\u4f86\u6e90 IP\u3001\u76ee\u7684 IP\u3001\u5354\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\uff09\uff0c \u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a72\u5c01\u5305\u8981\u8b93 Maglev \u53e2\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u500b Maglev\uff08\u900f\u904e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5c0d\u65b9\uff09\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u7576\u78ba\u4fdd\u540c\u500b\u6d41\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u9032\u5230\u540c\u500b Maglev \u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0a\u6e38\u8981\u8d70\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5c01\u5305\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u65e9\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5feb\u53d6\u7b49\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u62b5\u9054\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u904e\u671f\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 fragmentation \u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u8868\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5c31\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#sharding","title":"Sharding","text":"\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u63d0\u5230 Maglev \u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a sharding \u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c \u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u6eff\u9069\u5408\u7576\u4f5c\u56de\u5bb6\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u4f86\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u60f3\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u5be6\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u9019\u908a\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\uff01
"},{"location":"essay/web/maglev/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u548c\u786c\u9ad4\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\u76f8\uff0cMaglev \u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e5f\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7dad\u6301\u9577\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8edf\u9ad4\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\u5982 Microsoft Ananta \uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d kernel \u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4e0a\u6e38\u7bc0\u9ede\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f86\u512a\u5316\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u5982 NGINX \u7684\u901a\u7528\u578b\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d ECMP \u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c consistent hashing \u7684\u5916\u639b\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u72a7\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u6548\u80fd\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u8edf\u9ad4\u512a\u5316\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u653e\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u518d\u770b\u5427\uff01 \u4e0d\u904e\u770b\u5230 Maglev \u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u6b64\u53e5\u8a71\u505a\u70ba\u7d50\u5c3e\uff1a
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u76f4\u89c0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u9019\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\uff1f
\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\u53c3\u8003Smith et al 3 \u5efa\u8b70\u6e1b\u5c11\u8edf\u4e2d\u65b7\u548c\u7269\u4ef6\u8907\u88fd\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u901a\u91cf\u3002 Mogul et al 4 \u958b\u767c polling-based \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u9396\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002 Edwards et al 5 \u63d0\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528 userspace \u7684\u7db2\u8def\u4f86\u505a\u9694\u96e2\u3002 Marinos et al 6 \u986f\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a userspace \u7db2\u8def\u5806\u68e7\u548c kernel bypass \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u3002 Hanford et al 7 \u5efa\u8b70\u628a\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c CPU \u8655\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5feb\u53d6\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002 CuckooSwitch 8 \u662f\u500b\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4 L2 \u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u6279\u6b21\u548c\u9810\u7d04\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002 RouteBricks 9 \u89e3\u91cb\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5229\u7528\u5e73\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u3002
... \u5982\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u7576 Maglev \u555f\u52d5\u6642\u5b83\u6703\u52ab\u6301\u6574\u500b NIC\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528 TAP \u4ecb\u9762\u4f86\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u65b0\u50b3\u905e\u7d66 NIC\u3002
\u53c3\u95b1\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\uff0cForwarder Design and Implementation\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u9019\u6578\u5b57\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9078\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5920\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u6578\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
J. Smith and C. Traw. Giving applications access to gb/s networking. Network, IEEE, 7(4):44\u201352, 1993.\u00a0\u21a9
J. C. Mogul and K. K. Ramakrishnan. Eliminating receive livelock in an interrupt-driven kernel. In Proceedings of USENIX ATC, 1996.\u00a0\u21a9
A. Edwards and S. Muir. Experiences implementing a high performance tcp in user-space. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM, 1995.\u00a0\u21a9
I. Marinos, R. N. Watson, and M. Handley. Network stack specialization for performance. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM, 2014.\u00a0\u21a9
N. Hanford, V. Ahuja, M. Balman, M. K. Farrens, D. Ghosal, E. Pouyoul, and B. Tierney. Characterizing the impact of endsystem affinities on the end-to-end performance of high-speed flows. In Proceedings of NDM, 2013.\u00a0\u21a9
D. Zhou, B. Fan, H. Lim, M. Kaminsky, and D. G. Andersen. Scalable, high performance ethernet forwarding with cuckooswitch. In Proceedings of CoNEXT, 2013.\u00a0\u21a9
M. Dobrescu, N. Egi, K. Argyraki, B.-G. Chun, K. Fall, G. Iannaccone, A. Knies, M. Manesh, and S. Ratnasamy. Routebricks: Exploiting parallelism to scale software routers. In Proceedings of SOSP, 2009.\u00a0\u21a9
Written By Harris Andrea, original post
\u672a\u4f86\u60f3\u7ffb\u8b6f\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e26\u671f\u671b\u8b80\u904e\u5176\u4e2d\u5e7e\u672c\uff0c\u5148\u653e\u8457\u3002
I have read tens of books (both in ebook format and also hard copy textbooks) in my networking professional career over the last 18 years.
In fact, all of my preparation for my Cisco and other IT certifications was based on book studying (in addition to hands-on practice of course).
Personally, I believe that having a hard copy book in your hands and reading it from start to finish by taking written notes along the way, is one of the best ways to memorize and learn the material.
In this article I will list and review some of the best books on computer networking for both beginners and expert professionals.
The field of TCP/IP networking is evolving with new technological advancements and, in my opinion, it currently undergoes a transition from purely hardware to more software-based networks.
For the reason above I have also included books in the list (see towards the end) that focus on next generation networks, SDN, and automation/programmability.
When I first wrote this article, I intentionally didn\u2019t include any books related to Cisco certifications because that time was a transitional period for Cisco exams and certifications.
After the dust has settled, there are now some great Cisco books worth mentioning for professionals looking to earn Cisco certifications, so I have included some recommended options in the list.
You will find mostly some great books which teach both the fundamentals and more advanced concepts in computer networking that will surely be very valuable for professionals.
Let\u2019s get started:
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#computer-networking-a-top-down-approach","title":"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach","text":"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (6th Edition)
This book is organized into the network layers of Internet Protocol Stack which is the base of all computer networking (together with the OSI model), therefore it offers a very good structure and learning experience.
Written by two University professors (James Kurose and Keith Ross), the book is mostly suited for beginners and for university students in computer science or engineering majors.
Even if people who don\u2019t have any knowledge about networking will find the book easily accessible and comprehensible.
Although currently there is a newer 7th Edition of this book, its much higher price tag compared to the 6th Edition is not worth the extra money.
Also, the newer edition does not include that much extra material so I would recommend the cheaper 6th Edition just to save you some money. Although it is an older book, you will still learn the fundamentals of networking which is the basis for more practical material.
As I said above, the book is called \u201cTop-Down Approach\u201d because it starts at the Application layer of the Internet Protocol Stack (top layer) and works its way down to the Physical layer (bottom layer) of the stack. The other layers examined include Transport, Network and Link layers.
The above structure makes sense a lot in the pedagogical perspective since the whole computer networking functionality is based on this protocol layered structure.
Most useful for:
To summarize, I belief this book is a great choice for beginners or university students to acquire a comprehensive knowledge in computer networking fundamentals.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#network-warrior","title":"Network Warrior","text":"Network Warrior (2nd Edition)
Unlike the previous book above, \u201cNetwork Warrior\u201d book is much more practical and the examples described in the book are taken from real world networks and from the experience of the author.
The practical examples and configuration samples you will find in the book are taken from actual Cisco networking equipment so the book will be very helpful to Cisco network administrators that are actually working in the field and want to get the job done.
Some of the topics covered in the book include:
Most useful for:
To summarize, this book is great as a practical reference for professionals already working with Cisco networks. Although it is an old book, most of the concepts, configurations and technologies are still valid to this date.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#routing-tcpip-volume-i","title":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume I","text":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume i (2nd Edition)
This book is published by Cisco press and is one of the best-selling textbooks providing deep understanding of IP routing protocols.
It is geared towards more advanced professionals and is focused on Interior Routing protocols (IGPs) for both IPv4 and IPv6.
It is considered as the defacto standard for all network engineers who already have experience with Cisco IOS routers and who want to prepare for the CCIE Routing certification.
Most useful for:
If you are a Cisco networking engineer working mostly with Layer 3 routing devices, this book is the bible of Layer 3 IP communications. Please note that the book covers only Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs). If you want to learn also BGP, please see the next book below.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#routing-tcpip-volume-ii","title":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume II","text":"Routing TCP/IP, Volume II (2nd Edition)
This is a continuation of the previous book above and covers exterior routing protocols (such as BGP) and also more advanced IP routing concepts.
In fact, it covers many concepts required for taking the CCIE exam and offers expert-level instruction on network design, deployment, support etc for managing complex networks.
The book is heavy weight on BGP, such as BGP and routing policies, scaling BGP, multi-protocol BGP etc. Other topics include NAT44, NAT64, multicast protocols etc.
The author (Jeff Doyle) is a CCIE veteran with vast experience in IP design and networking and is considered one of the best authors in Cisco press books.
Most useful for:
Advanced routing engineers who want to prepare for CCIE or want to learn everything about BGP (e.g people working in ISPs or big corporations). This book is 1100+ pages and is considered the bible of Exterior Routing and BGP design in networks.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#networking-all-in-one-for-dummies","title":"Networking All-in-One For Dummies","text":"Networking All-in-One For Dummies
This is one of the most recent (8th edition at the time of this writing) and updated textbooks in this list about computer networking that covers a wide range of topics for both beginners and for seasoned professionals.
This 1000+ pages book is one of the cheapest options in this list which provides so much value compared to its price.
The book is structured in 10 mini-books and covers a lot of recent and up-to-date technologies such as Cloud services (Amazon, Azure etc), Windows 10, Linux, Windows Server 2019, Office 365, general networking topics, virtualization, routing, switching, wireless, security etc.
It is one of the most thorough and all-in-one books out there and I recommend it as a great reference for any professional.
Most useful for:
For beginners who want to get an overall understanding of multiple topics in networking. Also, for experienced professionals who want to have a reference book for their job.
It is not focused only on core networking concepts (like routing etc) as the previous books, but covers also general IT systems and networking for Windows environments, Linux etc.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#cisco-networking-all-in-one-for-dummies","title":"Cisco Networking All-in-One For Dummies","text":"Cisco Networking All-in-One For Dummies
If you bought the other \u201cFor Dummies\u201d book above, then \u201cCisco Networking All-in-One For Dummies\u201d is a nice complementary option for professionals that started managing or supporting Cisco networking technologies.
This book is practical and technical in nature and offers actual Cisco configuration commands and examples that you can implement and use in your network.
Similar to the previous book above, the content is split into 6 mini books with each one divided into chapters and sections.
Each one of these chapters and sections focuses on a specific task/knowledge. Therefore, you can easily navigate the book back and forth according to the task or feature that you want to investigate or implement.
The 6 minibooks cover the following topics/themes:
Most useful for:
For professionals that support, manage and design networks running over Cisco infrastructure (routers, switches, wireless, firewalls etc).
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#comptia-network-certification-all-in-one-exam-guide","title":"CompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide","text":"CompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide (8th Edition for Exam N10-008)
This is the only vendor-neutral certification related book in this list. I have included it here because CompTIA exams teach concepts that are universal and are not specific/bound to a certain vendor only.
The book is for the latest Network+ (Exam N10-008) and covers topics in general networking, cabling basics, ethernet networks, TCP/IP basics, routing, wireless networks, virtualization and cloud computing, network security, network management and monitoring etc.
The author (Mike Meyers) is the leading authority in writing CompTIA exam books and has authored several best sellers in this field.
Most useful for:
Mostly for people who want to study and prepare for the CompTIA Network+ exam. Even if you don\u2019t want to take the exam, this book will be really valuable for beginners who want to acquire extensive knowledge around computer networking in a vendor-neutral approach.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#the-complete-guide-to-lan-switching-technology","title":"The Complete Guide to LAN Switching Technology","text":"The Complete Guide to LAN Switching Technology (2nd Edition)
Ethernet switches are the backbone of any LAN network. You also find them everywhere and in every corporate network.
As a networking professional you must learn LAN switching technology and this book will help you with that endeavor.
The book focuses strictly on LAN switching and covers in-depth all related concepts and topics such as foundations of LAN switches, advanced LAN concepts, loop prevention, VLAN concepts, multicast, security in LANs etc.
Although this book is old, the fundamentals of LAN switching technologies do not change much over the years, so the book is still relevant in today\u2019s LAN networks.
Most useful for:
You will benefit most from this book if you already have a few years experience in networking and LAN management. The book goes in-depth about switching technologies so you must have some prior experience.
Mostly suitable for network designers, professionals managing and operating corporate LAN switch infrastructure or Value-added Resellers of networking equipment.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#network-programmability-and-automation","title":"Network Programmability and Automation","text":"Network Programmability and Automation: Skills for the Next-Generation Network Engineer
As I have mentioned at the beginning of this article, the book list I have compiled here includes also textbooks that look at the future of networking.
The \u201cNetwork Programmability and Automation\u201d book from O\u2019REILLY Media is one of these books that teaches a next-generation concept for network engineers.
This concept is about automating the management and operation of hardware-based networks using software tools, programming, Application Programming Interfaces (API) etc.
The book covers topics such as Python (used to create useful scripts to automate networking tasks), Linux, IT automation tools such as Ansible, SDN concepts, working with Network APIs, Integration concepts etc.
Keep in mind here that the new Cisco certification exams after their 2020 updates, include a lot of programmability and automation topics. This is another reason that modern network engineers must shift their mindset into more software-based concepts and automation.
Most useful for:
If you are a hard-core traditional network engineer already managing and monitoring your infrastructure with the CLI, this book will help you make the shift to a more efficient and more productive management and operation.
If you fall into the group above, you don\u2019t need any previous knowledge in software development or programming.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#software-defined-networks-a-comprehensive-approach","title":"Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive Approach","text":"Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive Approach
Continuing our reviews of books about next-generation concepts, this book deals with the SDN Model (Software Defined Networking) which seems to be the new era in computer networks.
The book includes the history of SDN, how software was used to forward and route packets in networks, how an enterprise will benefit from SDN or not, how SDN works, the OpenFlow specification, SDN in data centers, SDN applications, NETCONF and much more.
If you are a network designer or architect, this book will help you understand and explain to top-management the benefits or risks of integrating the SDN model in your existing network environment.
Most useful for:
The book offers a very good overall understanding of SDN concepts and OpenFlow which will help professionals who are already experienced in IP networks to acquire an overall knowledge of SDN.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#ccna-200-301-official-cert-guide-library","title":"CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide Library","text":"CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide Library
As mentioned at the very beginning of this article, I decided to include also books related to vendor-specific exams.
Since most of the people visiting this website are Cisco professionals or people interested to pass Cisco exams, I couldn\u2019t ignore one of the most popular and useful networking certification which is Cisco CCNA.
The theory and knowledge required for the newest CCNA 200-301 exam is covered fully in this comprehensive library which actually includes two books:
Instead of paying double the money to buy the two books above separately, you can buy this value-priced Package Library.
Most useful for:
This is a Cisco-approved self-study resource for people preparing for the Cisco CCNA 200-301 exam. Along the way in studying these books, you will learn key fundamental networking concepts which will be helpful in your whole career as network engineer.
Please note that this library is very detailed and can be overwhelming for total beginners in networking.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#ccna-200-301-practical-lab-guide-with-packet-tracer-labs","title":"CCNA 200-301 Practical Lab Guide With Packet Tracer Labs","text":"Guide link
Last but not least is my own Practical Lab Guide which comes as PDF electronic Lab Book and includes also 42 downloadable Packet Tracer labs based on the official CCNA 200-301 Cisco exam blueprint.
I admit that the above Lab Book alone will not help you pass the exam by itself. It is however a great companion resource with practical labs which should be used together with other material such as the Cisco Cert Library mentioned above.
If you want an affordable Lab preparation guide for the practical aspects of the CCNA exam, then my Lab Guide Book here will be very helpful, even for people that just want a refreshing in fundamental practical Cisco networking concepts.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#final-words","title":"Final Words","text":"Of course, the book list above is not a comprehensive list of every computer networking book out there.
However, I have tried to collect and present the best ones in my opinion that will help most beginners just starting out in networking and also experts that want to advance their knowledge and skills even further.
To summarize, here are my book suggestions categorized according to your experience and knowledge level.
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-books/#best-books-for-beginners","title":"Best Books for Beginners","text":"Please let me know in the comments below if you have other book suggestions that you liked so that everyone will benefit from your own personal experience.
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\u670d\u52d9\u54c1\u8cea\u63a7\u5236
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NIC Architecture
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\u7576\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u4e1f\u7d66 \u7db2\u5361 \u4f86\u8655\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u7684\u8a0a\u6846\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u6536\u767c\u5668\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u7dda\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f Wi-Fi \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff09\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-routing/#\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","title":"\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","text":"\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u85cd\u8272\u5708\u5708\u4ee3\u8868\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u7da0\u8272\u9577\u65b9\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8868\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff0c\u50b3\u8f38\u5230\u8def\u7531\u5668\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u53f0\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u6709\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u542b\u6709 MAC \u503c\uff09\u3002
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u9593\uff08\u4e2d\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u593e\u96dc\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\uff09\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\uff08\u6839\u64da Xiaobo Zhou \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f OSI \u968e\u5c64\u88e1\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5c64\u7d1a\uff09\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u641c\u5c0b\u3001\u6392\u968a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u7de9\u885d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u55ae\u7d14\u5047\u8a2d\u8def\u7531\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u628a\u8a0a\u865f\u9001\u7d66\u8ab0\u3002
\u50b3\u4e00\u50b3\u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u6703\u4ea4\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u518d\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u53cd\u8b6f\u5230\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/network-routing/#\u5404\u5c64\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9","title":"\u5404\u5c64\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9","text":"\u5716\u7684\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u6709\u7c21\u4ecb\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u548c\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u4ee5\u50b3\u8f38\u5c64\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6703\u6709\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u5668\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u6709 TCP\u3001UDP \u548c ICMP \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b ICMP \u5c0d\u61c9\u5230 Socket API \u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5305\u88dd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Raw Socket \u63a5\u53e3\u3002ICMP \u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u6aa2\u67e5\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5c64\u670d\u52d9\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f ping\uff08\u9001 ping \u904e\u53bb\u8981 pong \u56de\u4f86\uff09\u3002
\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u9023\u7d50\u5c64\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6709 ATM\uff08Asynchronous Transfer Mode\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7570\u65bc\u4e59\u592a\u7db2\u7684\u7121\u9023\u63a5\u5f0f\u901a\u8a0a\uff08connection-less\uff09\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u4e2d\u65b7\u6642\uff08\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u61c9\uff09\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u4f86\u6e90\u7aef\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u5f91\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u548c\u9650\u7e2e\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u983b\u5bec\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/","title":"NTP","text":"Network Time Protocol \u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u5404\u65b9\u88dd\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u7684 NTP Server \u9032\u884c\u6821\u6642\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406","title":"\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406","text":"NTP \u662f\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u56de\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u4f86\u5f97\u77e5\u7bc0\u9ede\u548c\u4e2d\u539f\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c \u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f NTP \u5728\u6821\u6642\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u52d5\u4e00\u9ede\u7136\u5f8c\u9010\u6f38\u9760\u8fd1\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u6642\u9593\uff08\u6bcf\u79d2 0.5ms\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u53e6\u5916 NTP \u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u961c\u53e3 123 \u7684 UDP \u9032\u884c\u50b3\u8f38\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u6f14\u9032","title":"\u6f14\u9032","text":"Version Year RFC Desc. v0 1981 RFC 958 NTP \u6982\u5ff5\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u3001\u9810\u4f30\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u6642\u9418\u7684\u7279\u6027 v1 1988 RFC 1059 \u63d0\u51fa\u5be6\u4f5c\u898f\u5247\u3001\u76f8\u95dc\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c client-server \u8207 peer-to-peer \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f v2 1989 RFC 1119 \u63d0\u4f9b\u9a57\u8b49\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8a0a\u606f v3 1992 RFC 1305 \u6821\u6642\u6a5f\u5236\u3001\u4e0a\u6e38\u6642\u9418\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u904e\u6ffe\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e26\u652f\u63f4\u5ee3\u64ad\u6642\u9593\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c v4 2010 RFC 5905 \u652f\u63f4 IPv6 \u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u9a57\u8b49\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u5b89\u5168\u6027NTP \u6f14\u9032
\u53c3\u8003 Info-Finder\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u958f\u79d2","title":"\u958f\u79d2","text":"\u7531\u65bc UTC \u6642\u9593\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u505a\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u6e96\u5f97\u51fa\u904e\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u66c6\u6cd5\u6703\u6709\u6240\u885d\u7a81\u3002
\u885d\u7a81\u5c31\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u66c6\u6cd5\u662f\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u6e2c\u592a\u967d\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u6709 365.25 \u5929\u3002\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u548c\u516c\u8f49\u7684\u9031\u671f\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6703\u548c\u66c6\u6cd5\u6642\u9593\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u6027
\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u901f\u5ea6\u6e1b\u6162\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6f6e\u6c50\u6469\u64e6\uff0c \u50c5\u6b64\u4e00\u9805\u5c31\u5c07\u4f7f\u4e00\u5929\u6bcf\u4e16\u7d00\u5ef6\u9577 2.3ms\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u4fc3\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u5730\u6bbc\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c \u5730\u51fd\u5c0d\u6d41\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u5de8\u5927\u8cea\u91cf\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u7a0b\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6163\u6027\u77e9\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u81ea\u8f49\u901f\u7387\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u5730\u7403\u7684\u81ea\u8f49\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7e2e\u77ed\u592a\u967d\u65e5\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u6297\u6f6e\u6c50\u6469\u64e6\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51b0\u6cb3\u53cd\u5f48\u5c07\u592a\u967d\u65e5\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e86 0.6ms / \u4e16\u7d00\uff0c 2004 \u5e74\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u7684\u5730\u9707\u548c\u6d77\u562f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e86 2.68 \u5fae\u79d2\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u6d88\u5f4c\u9019\u9805\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u958f\u79d2\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\u3002
\u958f\u79d2\u53ef\u52a0\u53ef\u6e1b
\u958f\u79d2\u6703\u88ab\u52a0\u9032\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 UTC \u6642\u9593\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002 \u4f46\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff08\u81ea\u5f9e 1972 \u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff09\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u904e\u958f\u79d2\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u62b9\u9ed1\u5728\u958f\u79d2\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6642\u9593","title":"\u62b9\u9ed1\u5728\u958f\u79d2\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6642\u9593","text":"\u300c\u62b9\u9ed1\u5728\u958f\u79d2\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6642\u9593\u300d\u662f\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u70ba leap smear\u3002\u9019\u662f Google \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u50b3\u7d71\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5728 0 \u9ede\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u79d2\u591a\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u79d2\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5169\u79d2\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73fe\u932f\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u97ff\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002Leap smear \u5c31\u662f\u628a\u9019\u4e00\u79d2\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u6563\u7d66\u7576\u5929\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u8b93\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7684\u79d2\u8981\u8dd1\u4e45\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u5e7e\u4e4e\u611f\u53d7\u4e0d\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u79d2\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#\u5ee2\u9664","title":"\u5ee2\u9664","text":"\u6700\u8fd1\uff082022/08\uff09\u6709\u807d\u5230\u8981\u5ee2\u9664\u958f\u79d2\u7684\u98a8\u8072\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Meta\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u7a31 Facebook\uff09\u5de5\u7a0b\u5728 It\u2019s time to leave the leap second in the past \u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\uff08millennium\uff09\u82e5\u5ffd\u7565\u958f\u79d2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5e73\u8861\u96fb\u8166\u6642\u9593\u548c\u66c6\u6cd5\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6a5f\u7387\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u904e\u6c7a\u8b70\uff082022/11/18\uff09\u78ba\u5b9a\u5ee2\u9664\u958f\u79d2\u4e86\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u65bc 2035 \u5e74\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u65bd\u3002 \u539f\u56e0\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u6b63\u52a0\u901f\u4e2d\uff08\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u79d2\u6578\u5c07\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u61c9\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u6708\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u800c\u6e1b\u6162\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6b77\u4f86\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u904e\u7684\u958f\u79d2\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u5e73\u8861\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/ntp/#referrer","title":"Referrer","text":"Idempotent
\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u7d50\u679c\u4ecd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91cd\u8907\u522a\u9664\uff08delete\uff09\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
Destructive\uff1a
\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u6703\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7121\u6cd5\u5fa9\u539f\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5 POST \u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba POST \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
PUT \u53ef\u80fd\u70ba user.name = 'Evan'\uff0c \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba user.access_count += 1\uff0c \u6545\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f idempotent\u3002
\u82e5\u70ba destructive\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 ETag \u548c If-Match \u7684 HTTP \u8868\u982d\u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u8907\u4fee\u6539\u3002
CAS
\u5c31\u5982\u540c Memcached/Redis \u7684 CAS\uff08compare and set\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/retry-strategy/#circuit-breaker-pattern","title":"Circuit Breaker Pattern","text":"\u591a\u4e45 retry \u4e00\u6b21\uff1f
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0cexponential backoff \u5c31\u662f\u696d\u754c\u7684 retry \u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u82e5\u540c\u6642\u6709\u8a31\u591a instance \u8981 retry connection\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u540c\u6642\u9593\u904e\u591a\u7684 request \u9032\u5165 server \u4e2d\u3002
\u5982\u4e0a\u5716\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c31\u53eb thundering herd\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u56e0\u70ba\u56de\u50b3\uff0c\u90fd\u64e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u767c\u9001\u3002
\u76f8\u95dc\u5be6\u969b\u6848\u4f8b
\u5728 Google \u5206\u4eab\u7684 Pok\u00e9mon GO \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c \u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u5beb\u7167\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u5728\u5404\u500b instance \u4e2d\u589e\u52a0 \u00b110% \u5167\u7684\u4e82\u6578\u6703\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u6563\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u53eb\u505a jitter\uff1a
function retryWaitSeconds(retryCount) {\n const time = SCHEDULE_WAIT_SECONDS[retryCount] || DEFAULT_WAIT_SECONDS;\n // return 0.9~1.1 time\n return Math.random() * (time * 0.2) + time * 0.9;\n}\n\u6216\u662f\u589e\u52a0 offset\uff1a
const PERIOD = 60_000;\nconst OFFSET = Math.random() * PERIOD;\nsetTimeout(() => {\n // 0~60 seconds\n setInterval(() => retry(), PERIOD);\n}, OFFSET);\nTransmission Control Protocol \u50b3\u8f38\u63a7\u5236\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8aaa\u660e\u548c\u7dad\u904b\u5fc3\u5f97\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#osi-\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","title":"OSI \u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272","text":"Network \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0cApplication \u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002
Network \u4e2d\u7684 IP \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ca0\u8cac\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u8def\u7531\u7d66\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684 TCP \u5247\u6703\u900f\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc HTTP session \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53cd\u5fa9\u78ba\u8a8d\u6bb5\uff08segment\uff09\u88e1\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u548c\u7de8\u865f\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u5169\u7aef\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cTCP \u662f\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u6210\u96d9\u5411\uff08bidirectional\uff09\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6027\uff08ordered\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u9760\uff08reliable\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u8f38\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u912d\u4e2d\u52dd
TCP \u6703\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u7a2e\u7de8\u865f\u548c\u6a19\u8a18\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u9023\u7dda\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u7576\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff08\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u76e3\u807d\u65b9\u548c\u767c\u8d77\u65b9\u3002 \u5169\u8005\u7686\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u76e3\u807d\u548c\u9001\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u96d9\u65b9\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u65b7\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u8981\u540c\u610f\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u9023\u7dda\u624d\u80fd\u512a\u96c5\u800c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff08\u56db\u6b21\u63ee\u624b\uff09\u3002 \u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff1a
\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff1a
TIME_WAIT)\u3002\u5404\u500b\u6a19\u8a18\uff08flag\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u4e0b\u6bb5\u5c55\u793a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#tcp-\u4fe1\u865f","title":"TCP \u4fe1\u865f","text":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 TCP \u4fe1\u865f\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b TCP \u6bb5\uff08segment\uff09\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7167\u8a72\u4fe1\u865f\u5728\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u6392\u5217\uff1a
0.0.0.0:port\uff1b\u912d\u4e2d\u52dd
\u5f7c\u6b64\u6703\u5728\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u78ba\u8a8d\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684 SEQ \u865f\u78bc\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e92\u76f8\u78ba\u8a8d\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a
\u4e3b\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\uff08Active Close\uff09\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u88ab\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\uff08Passive Close\uff09\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6c92\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u505a\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
FIN\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT1 \u72c0\u614b\uff1bACK\uff1bFIN\uff1bFIN_WAIT1 \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230 FIN \u5c31\u9032\u5165 Closing \u72c0\u614b\u6e96\u5099\u76f4\u63a5\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT\uff1bFIN_WAIT1 \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230 ACK \u5c31\u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT2 \u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u6536\u5230 FIN \u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT\uff1bFIN_WAIT1 \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230 FIN+ACK \u5c31\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT\uff1bTIME_WAIT \u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u6b21 MSL\uff08Maximum Segment Lifetime\uff09\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff0c\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u3002\u9019\u6642\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u4e3b\u52d5\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u90a3\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u9032\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u5c0d\u65b9\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08FIN WAIT 1 \u6216 FIN WAIT 2\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9084\u8981\u518d\u5f85\u5728 TIME_WAIT \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u961c\u7684\u8907\u7528\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u88ab\u52d5\u90a3\u65b9\u5c31\u53ea\u8981\u78ba\u8a8d\u95dc\u9589\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u701f\u7051\u8aaa\u518d\u898b\u4e86\u3002
\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u9019\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u4f86\u6e90\u57e0\uff0c \u4e0b\u6b21\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6536\u5230\u4e0a\u6b21\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u91cd\u9001\uff08Retransmission\uff09\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
TCP \u9078\u9805\uff08TCP Option\uff09\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u968e\u6bb5\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\uff0c \u8a73\u898b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u8209\u5e7e\u500b\uff1a
Kernel options \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 sysctl-explorer\uff0c \u66f4\u591a\u8aaa\u660e\u5c07\u5728\u6307\u6a19\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u7bc4\u4f8b","title":"\u7bc4\u4f8b","text":"\u4ee5\u9023\u7dda\u5230 google.com \u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684\u591a\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u505a\u8aaa\u660e\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f HTTP/3 \u5c31\u4e0d\u662f TCP \u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u6642\u8981\u770b\u770b\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u7ad9\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u3002
tcpdump -i <interface> port <port> -w - -U | tee /tmp/evan.pcap | tcpdump -r -\nMSS(Maximum TCP Segment Size) v.s. MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit):
MTU = MSS + 40 (IP header + TCP header)\nTBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#acknowledge-number","title":"ACKnowledge number","text":"TBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#options","title":"Options","text":"TBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u6307\u6a19","title":"\u6307\u6a19","text":"\u6307\u6a19\u540d\u7a31\u90fd\u6709\u524d\u7db4\uff1anode_netstat_TcpExt_\u3002
\u4f86\u6e90
\u672c\u5217\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 Node Exporter \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u5404\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u5e45\u5ea6\uff1a
increase(label_replace({__name__=~\"node_netstat_Tcp.*\"}, \"na\", \"$1\", \"__name__\", \"node_netstat_Tcp(.+)\")[5m:1m])\nSYN_RECV \u6642\u6536\u5230\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3 RST ListenDrops Basic LISTEN \u56e0\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5927\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc ListenOverflows TCPTimeouts Basic \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u767c\u751f RTO \u6216 SYN-ACK \u8d85\u6642 TW Basic TIME_WAIT \u6578\u91cf TCPTimeWaitOverflow Basic TIME_WAIT \u6578\u91cf\u592a\u591a\u4e86 TWKilled Basic TIME_WAIT \u5728\u672a\u9054\u6642\u9650\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6578\u91cf TWRecycled Basic TIME_WAIT \u88ab\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6578\u91cf TCPAbortFailed Basic \u7a0b\u5f0f\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnClose Basic \u5728\u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT_1 \u6216 FIN_WAIT_2 \u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnData Basic \u5728\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnMemory Basic \u8cc7\u6e90\u8d85\u904e\u9650\u5236\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPAbortOnTimeout Basic RTO/probe/keepalive timer \u9054\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0a\u9650\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPSynRetrans Basic \u91cd\u65b0\u5617\u8a66\u9001\u51fa SYN TCPRetransFail Basic \u91cd\u65b0\u5617\u8a66\u9001\u51fa SYN \u537b\u4ecd\u5931\u6557\uff1f TCPKeepAlive Basic Keep-Alive \u6b21\u6578 TCPFastRetrans Fast Retransmission \u6536\u5230\u65b0\u7684 ACK\uff0c\u820a\u7684\u9084\u6c92\u6536\u5230\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5 retrans TCPSlowStartRetrans Delayed ACK Delayed ACK \u958b\u59cb\u555f\u7528 DelayedACKLocked Delayed ACK Timer \u88ab\u672c\u6a5f lock \u4f4f\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u767c\u9001 ACK DelayedACKLost Delayed ACK \u9001\u51fa\u7684 ACK \u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5 DelayedACKs Delayed ACK \u9001\u51fa Delayed ACK \u6b21\u6578 ListenOverflows Backlog LISTEN \u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u63e1\u624b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u79fb\u4ea4\u9023\u7dda\u6642\u767c\u73fe queue \u6eff\u4e86 TCPBacklogCoalesce Backlog TCPBacklogDrop Backlog \u9032\u5165\u4f47\u5217\u6642\u5931\u6557 PAWSActive PAWS SYN_SENT \u5f8c\u7684 ACK \u6aa2\u67e5 PAWS \u5931\u6557 PAWSPassive PAWS SYN_RECV \u5f8c\u7684 ACK \u6aa2\u67e5 PAWS \u5931\u6557 PAWSEstab PAWS \u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c PAWS \u6aa2\u67e5\u5931\u6557 TCPTSReorder PAWS Timestamp \u4e82\u5e8f\u4e86 TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo Selective ACK \u6536\u5230\u975e\u6cd5 D-SACK \u6642\uff0c\u8a71\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cSACK \u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u865f\u592a\u820a TCPDSACKIgnoredOld Selective ACK \u6536\u5230\u975e\u6cd5 D-SACK \u6642\uff0c\u8a71\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cSACK \u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u865f\u592a\u820a TCPDSACKOfoRecv Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u767c\u9001\u7684\u820a\u5c01\u5305\u9084\u6c92\u9001\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5df2\u7d93\u9001\u53bb\u4e86 TCPDSACKOfoSent Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u820a\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u9084\u6c92\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e86 TCPDSACKOldSent Selective ACK \u5c0d\u65b9\u50b3\u672c\u6a5f\u5df2\u7d93\u770b\u904e\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u672c\u6a5f\u7684 ACK TCPDSACKRecv Selective ACK \u5c0d\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u672c\u6a5f\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u50b3\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u6a5f\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684 ACK TCPDSACKUndo Selective ACK TCPLostRetransmit Selective ACK \u9001\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u61c9\u7684 SACK TCPSACKDiscard Selective ACK \u6536\u5230\u975e\u6cd5 SACK \u6642\uff0c\u8a71\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cSACK \u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u865f\u592a\u820a TCPSACKReneging Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u5df2\u7d93\u4e1f\u6389\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u672c\u6a5f\u98df\u8a00\u4e86 TCPSACKReorder Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5c0d\u65b9\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7b49\u5f85\u820a\u8cc7\u6599 TCPSackRecovery Selective ACK \u672c\u6a5f\u9001\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6574\u7406\u5c01\u5305\u9806\u5e8f TCPSackFailures Selective ACK RTO \u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u50b3\u5c0d\u65b9\u6c92\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5c01\u5305 TCPSackRecoveryFail Selective ACK RTO \u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u6574\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u9806\u5e8f TCPSackShifted Selective ACK Linux \u6210\u529f\u6574\u7406\u9806\u5e8f TCPSackShiftFallback Selective ACK Linux \u6574\u7406\u9806\u5e8f\u5931\u6557 TCPSackMerged Selective ACK \u5f97\u5230\u4e82\u5e8f\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u6574\u4f75\u6210\u529f TCPRenoFailures \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPRenoRecovery \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPRenoRecoveryFail \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPRenoReorder \u5728\u4e0d\u555f\u7528 SACK \u7684\u72c0\u614b TCPDeferAcceptDrop Defer Accept Defer accept \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u4e1f\u68c4 TCPFastOpenActive Fast Open \u767c\u9001\u65b9\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb TCPFastOpenActiveFail Fast Open \u767c\u9001\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u5931\u6557 TCPFastOpenBlackhole Fast Open \u907f\u514d firewall \u963b\u64cb\u5c0e\u81f4\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u88ab\u89f8\u767c TCPFastOpenCookieReqd Fast Open Server \u56de\u61c9 Cookie Required TCPFastOpenListenOverflow Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u9023\u7dda\u4f47\u5217\u6eff\u6ea2 TCPFastOpenPassive Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7372\u5f97\u65b0\u9023\u7dda TCPFastOpenPassiveAltKey Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7372\u5f97\u65b0\u9023\u7dda\u4e14 cookie \u6709\u6548 TCPFastOpenPassiveFail Fast Open \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5617\u8a66\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\u5931\u6557 TCPFromZeroWindowAdv Zero Window TCPToZeroWindowAdv Zero Window TCPWantZeroWindowAdv Zero Window TCPZeroWindowDrop Zero Window SyncookiesFailed SYN Cookies \u9a57\u8b49\u5931\u6557 SyncookiesRecv SYN Cookies \u6536\u5230\u6709 cookie \u7684 SYN SyncookiesSent SYN Cookies \u9001\u51fa\u6709 cookie \u7684 SYN TCPAutoCorking CORK \u6eff\u4e86\u6216\u6642\u9593\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u9001\u51fa TCPRcvCoalesce Coalescing \u6536\u5230\u6574\u4f75\u7684\u5c01\u5305 TCPAbortOnLinger Linger \u9032\u5165 FIN_WAIT_2 \u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda TCPChallengeACK TCPSYNChallenge TCPACKSkippedChallenge TCPOFODrop TCPOFOMerge TCPOFOQueue TCPMTUPFail TCPMTUPSuccess PruneCalled OfoPruned RcvPruned BusyPollRxPackets IPReversePathFilter LockDroppedIcmps ICMP ICMP \u5c01\u5305\u672c\u61c9\u88ab\u4e1f\u68c4\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u672c\u6a5f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab handle \u4e86 OutOfWindowIcmps ICMP \u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u4e2d\u5075\u6e2c\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b PFMemallocDrop TCPACKSkippedFinWait2 TCPACKSkippedPAWS TCPACKSkippedSeq TCPACKSkippedSynRecv TCPACKSkippedTimeWait TCPAckCompressed TCPPureAcks TCPFullUndo TCPPartialUndo TCPLossUndo TCPDelivered TCPDeliveredCE TCPHPAcks TCPHPHits TCPHystartDelayCwnd TCPHystartDelayDetect TCPHystartTrainCwnd TCPHystartTrainDetect TCPLossFailures TCPLossProbeRecovery TCPLossProbes TCPMemoryPressures TCPMemoryPressuresChrono TCPMinTTLDrop Basic \u5c01\u5305\u7684 TTL \u904e\u5c0f\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u50b3\u4e86\u592a\u4e45\u6216\u592a\u9060 TCPOrigDataSent TCPRcvCollapsed TCPRcvQDrop TCPReqQFullDoCookies TCPReqQFullDrop TCPSpuriousRTOs TCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues TCPWinProbe TCPWqueueTooBig TCPMD5Failure TCPMD5NotFound TCPMD5Unexpected \u76f8\u95dc\u8aaa\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\uff1a
\u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\u6703\u88ab\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4f47\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f47\u5217\u7a31\u70ba backlog\u3002 Linux \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u662f\u628a \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u968e\u6bb5 \u548c \u9023\u7dda\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210 \u5206\u5225\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f47\u5217\u3002
\u8a73\u898b Linux man page listen\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca How TCP backlog works in Linux\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#linger","title":"Linger","text":"Linux \u900f\u904e SO_LINGER \u4f86\u555f\u7528\uff0c\u900f\u904e RST \u4f86\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7de9\u885d\u5340\u9084\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u4e0d\u8d05\u8ff0\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#defer-accept","title":"Defer Accept","text":"Linux \u900f\u904e TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT \u4f86\u555f\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6536\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\u624d\u628a\u8a72\u9023\u7dda\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u3002
\u672c\u4f86\u5982\u679c\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5728 RTO \u5167\u6c92\u6709\u6536\u5230 ACK\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u9001\uff08retransmission\uff09\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u5927\u65bc\u6700\u4f4e\u7684 ACK \u865f\u78bc\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u50b3\u820a\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u50b3\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u7576\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u7684\u7de9\u5b58\u6eff\u6ea2\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u5be6\u5728\u904e\u65bc\u5fd9\u788c\uff0c\u6d88\u5316\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5bc4\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u3002
Full window \u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684 ACK \u4ee5\u63a5\u8457\u767c\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u56de ACK \u7d66\u6211\uff0c \u6211\u4e0d\u6562\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u5c01\u5305\u7d66\u4ed6\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u7db2\u8def\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u6642\u6a5f\u7d14\u719f\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9001\u51fa\u591a\u500b\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u6642\u6a5f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
MSS=MTU \u2013 40\uff09ACK\u900f\u904e TCP_NODELAY=1 \u4f86\u55ae\u7368\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a socket \u95dc\u9589\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u642d\u914d Delayed ACK \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6211\u5728\u7b49\u4f60\u7684 ACK \u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u5728\u7b49\u6211\u7684 ACK \u624d\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u548c Coalescing \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u7de9\u885d\u586b\u6eff\u4e86\u624d\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u9001\u51fa\uff0c \u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6709\u591a\u500b\u5206\u6bb5\u7684\u5340\u584a\u8981\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 HTTP Header \u548c HTTP Body\u3002
\u548c Coalescing \u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u65bc\uff1a
ACK\u900f\u904e TCP_CORK=1 \u4f86\u55ae\u7368\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a socket \u958b\u555f\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u7db2\u8def\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u6bcf\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u56de ACK\uff0c\u800c\u662f\uff1a
Linux \u900f\u904e TCP_QUICKACK=1 \u4f86\u95dc\u9589\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u642d\u914d Coalescing \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6211\u5728\u7b49\u4f60\u7684 ACK \u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u5728\u7b49\u6211\u7684 ACK \u624d\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u50b3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6700\u820a\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u91cd\u50b3\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#duplicated","title":"Duplicated","text":"\u900f\u904e SACK \u4f86\u544a\u77e5\u5c0d\u65b9\u6211\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6216\u8005\u544a\u77e5\u820a\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u9084\u6c92\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e86\uff08Out-of-order, OFO\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#syn-cookies","title":"SYN Cookies","text":"\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u6536\u5230 SYN \u6642\uff0c\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b cookie\uff0c \u4e26\u7b49\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u76f8\u61c9 cookie \u7684 ACK \u5f8c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u5206\u914d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7d66\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5927\u91cf SYN \u50b3\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u61c9\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u5fd9\u788c\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c0f\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5c01\u5305\u9806\u5e8f\u7684\u8aa4\u5224\uff0c\u8a73\u898b SYN cookies ate my dog\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#paws","title":"PAWS","text":"PAWS(Protection Against Wrapping Sequence)\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u907f\u514d SEQ \u6ea2\u4f4d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u932f\u8aa4\u3002 \u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u4e4b\u3002
\u6bcf\u500b TCP \u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u500b SEQ \u865f\u78bc\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u820a\u7684 SEQ \u865f\u78bc\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u91cd\u50b3\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6368\u68c4\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\u6240\u793a\u3002
---\ntitle: TCP Sequence Number\n---\nsequenceDiagram\n Client-->Server: Initialize SEQ as 100\n Client->>+Server: Length 33, SEQ-100\n Client-->>Network: Length 33, SEQ-100\n Server->>-Client: ACK-133\n Client->>+Server: Length 44, SEQ 133\n Server->>-Client: ACK-177\n Network->>Server: Length 33, SEQ-100\n Note right of Server: \u26a0\ufe0fDrop!\nTip
\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684 SEQ \u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u731c\u5230\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u507d\u9020\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u3002
SEQ \u662f\u4e00\u500b \\(2^32\\) \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u503c\u7d04\u70ba 43 \u5104\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u4e00\u689d\u9023\u7dda\u5982\u679c\u50b3\u9001\u4e86 4GB \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9047\u5230\u6ea2\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u6703\u4e1f\u68c4\u8a72\u5c01\u5305\u3002 \u4e0d\u7ba1\u9019\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u9577\u9023\u7dda\u9084\u662f\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u905e\u3002
---\ntitle: TCP Sequence Number Overflow\n---\nsequenceDiagram\n Client-->Server: Initialize SEQ as 1G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-2G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-3G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-4G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G(Overflow)\n Note right of Server: \u26a0\ufe0fDrop!\n\u65bc\u662f\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\uff08Timestamp, TS\uff09\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5373\u6642\u50b3\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6ea2\u4f4d\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u5c01\u5305\u3002
---\ntitle: TCP Sequence Number Overflow\n---\nsequenceDiagram\n Client-->Server: Initialize SEQ as 1G\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G, TS-1\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-2G, TS-2\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-3G, TS-3\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-4G, TS-4\n Client->>+Server: Length 1G, SEQ-1G(Overflow), TS-5\n Note right of Server: OK, TS-5 > TS-4\n\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u554f\u984c_3","title":"\u554f\u984c","text":"Client-A \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u901a\u904e SNAT \u88ab\u8f49\u767c\u5230 Server\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18 TS-A \u8a2a\u554f\u4e26\u7d50\u675f\u9023\u7dda\u3002 Client-B \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u5982\u679c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba SNAT \u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684 Port\uff0c\u6b64\u6642 Client-B \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#forward-rto","title":"Forward RTO","text":"\u900f\u904e\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u7b49\u5f85\u7576\u4e0b\u5169\u500b ACK \u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u65bc\u91cd\u50b3\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u662f\u865b\u5047\u91cd\u50b3\u3002 \u5f9e\u800c\u9054\u5230\u907f\u514d\u55ae\u7d14\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u91cd\u9001\u3002
\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u548c\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u540c\u6642\u7d00\u9304 cookie\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u9023\u7dda\u6642\u5ffd\u7565\u63e1\u624b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#congestion-control","title":"Congestion Control","text":"\u907f\u514d\u5c01\u5305\u58c5\u585e\uff0cTCP \u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a
\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff1aTBD
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u7279\u6b8a","title":"\u7279\u6b8a","text":"\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u6307\u6a19\u4e0a\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#ecn","title":"ECN","text":"\u4f7f\u7528\u986f\u5f0f\u64c1\u585e\u901a\u77e5\uff08Explicit Congestion Notification, ECN\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u64c1\u585e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/tcp/#\u6709\u7528\u6307\u4ee4","title":"\u6709\u7528\u6307\u4ee4","text":"\u67e5\u770b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc kernel reject \u5c01\u5305\uff08\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a
$ netstat -s | grep reject\n416177 passive connections rejected because of time stamp\n 13 packets rejects in established connections because of timestamp\n\u67e5\u770b\u5c01\u5305 kernel \u8a2d\u5b9a\uff1a
$ sysctl -ae | grep 'net\\.ipv4\\.tcp_'\nnet.ipv4.tcp_abort_on_overflow = 0\n...\nTCP \u5728 Berkeley Socket \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002
Socket \u70ba\u5305\u88dd\u5e95\u5c64\u904b\u4f5c\u7684 API\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Data Link Layer \u548c Network Layer\u3002
\u540d\u7a31 \u529f\u80fd Socket \u5efa\u7acb Socket \u4f86\u76e3\u807d\uff08listen\uff09\u9023\u7dda Bind \u7d81\u5b9a address \u548c port\uff0c\u53ef\u8a2d\u5b9a IP \u906e\u7f69 Listen \u76e3\u807d TCP \u9023\u7dda\u548c\u9650\u5236\u9023\u7dda\u6578\uff0cUDP \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u547c\u53eb\u672c\u51fd\u5f0f Accept \u8ff4\u5708\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u4ea4\u63e1\u884c\u70ba\u5404\u6d41\u7a0b\u7c21\u4ecb
\u5be6\u4f5c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7d81\u5b9a port \u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08IPv4\uff09\u5f8c\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff1a
bzero((char *)&server, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));\nserver.sin_family = AF_INET;\nserver.sin_port = htons(port);\nserver.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);\nif (bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) == -1) {\n fprintf(stderr, \"Can't bind name to socket\\n\");\n exit(1);\n}\nlisten(sd, 5); // (1)\n\nwhile (1) {\n client_len = sizeof(client);\n new_sd = accept(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_len); // (2)\n if (new_sd == -1) {\n fprintf(stderr, \"Can't accept client\\n\");\n exit(1);\n }\n // ...\n}\nnew_sd \u53bb\u8b80\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0csd \u5247\u7e7c\u7e8c\u76e3\u807d\u9023\u7dda\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u907a\u5931\uff1a\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u969b\u6709\u9001\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u8a0a\u865f\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6aa2\u9a57\u548c\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u5931\u6557\u3002
\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u907a\u5931\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7576\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u6536\u5230\u4e26\u56de\u50b3 ACK \u6642\uff0c\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6536\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u5c31\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u6c92\u9001\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
\u5931\u5e8f\uff1a\u539f\u672c\u662f\u7167 1,2,3,... \u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u537b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f 3,1,4,...\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u58c5\u585e\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u8def\u7531\u8def\u5f91\u4e0d\u540c\uff08IP \u7684\u5354\u5b9a\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u600e\u9ebc\u9001\uff09
\u7576 TCP \u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u958b\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9\u88ab\u958b\u6eff\u4e86\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u9032\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u72c0\u614b\u55ce\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6240\u6709\u90fd\u662f Active \u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1f
\u5982\u679c\u662f TIME_WAIT \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u95dc\u9589 TIME_WAIT \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u82e5\u90fd\u662f Active \u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e14\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5141\u8a31\u4e0b\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u7528 Virtual IP \u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u591a\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba TCP \u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5 IP \u548c Port \u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u5408\u3002\u8a73\u898b The Road to 2 Million Websocket Connections in Phoenix\u3002
\u5982\u4f55\u95dc\u9589 TIME_WAIT \u72c0\u614b\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff1f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ce6\u4e88\u8a72\u9023\u7dda\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u9805\uff1aSO_REUSEADDR\uff0c\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u6574 TCP_TW_REUSE \u6216 TCP_TW_RECYCLE\uff1a
This socket option tells the kernel that even if this port is busy (in the TIME_WAIT state), go ahead and reuse it anyway. If it is busy, but with another state, you will still get an address already in use error. It is useful if your server has been shut down, and then restarted right away while sockets are still active on its port. You should be aware that if any unexpected data comes in, it may confuse your server, but while this is possible, it is not likely.
\u6216\u8005\u8abf\u6574 Maximum Segment Lifetime(MSL)\uff1a
# \u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u73fe\u5728\u72c0\u614b\n$ sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout\n# VI \u6539\n$ vi /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout\n# Hot reload\n$ sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf\n\u5c31\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b HTTP Client \u5957\u4ef6\u6703\u5beb\u7684 Connection Timeout\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u70ba\u5341\u5206\u9418\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6982\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u9047\u904e\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u90a3\u6b21\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u9023\u7dda\u6578\u88ab\u5403\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4ecd\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\u56e0\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u5403\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u9020\u6210\u670d\u52d9\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u9593\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff08\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u95dc\u9589\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e0b\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u6703\u56e0\u70ba TCP \u5929\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u958b\u59cb\u53cd\u58d3\uff08back-pressure\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6e38\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u983b\u5bec\u8017\u7528\u7387\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u300c\u7576 TCP \u9023\u7dda\u88ab\u958b\u6eff\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e4b\u9053\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a
RFC-9293 - TCP\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u904e\u6642\u7684 RFC-793, 879, 1011, 1122, 2873, 6093, 6429, 6528, and 6691 RFC-2018 - SACK \u8aaa\u660e RFC-7323 - TCP Options: Window Scale, Timestamp
\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b RFC\uff08\u5fd8\u8a18\u7de8\u865f\uff09\u8aaa\u660e\u68c4\u7528 TCP Timestamp\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4f54\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u6545\u63a8\u85a6\u5176\u4ed6\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528 TLS\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web/url-structure/","title":"URL \u9577\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50","text":"URL: scheme://host:port/path
http, https
subdomain.domain.tld
comcom.twiogithub.iohttp default 80https default 443/path?query_key=query_value#fragment
https://example.com:443 is same origin to https://example.comhttp://eample.com:443 is different origin to http://example.com (why? http default port is 80)http://api.example.com is same site of http://auth.example.comschemeful-same-site consider scheme on siteSec-Fetch-Site([time=April, 2020]) can know where request came fromsame-sitesame-origincross-sitenoneWhat is Origin?
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/cross-origin-resources-sharing/#\u6b77\u53f2","title":"\u6b77\u53f2","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\u548c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u96b1\u79c1\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/cross-origin-resources-sharing/#\u5716\u8868\u8aaa\u660e","title":"\u5716\u8868\u8aaa\u660e","text":"http://example.com \u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002http://image.com\uff09\u8981\u6a94\u6848\uff08\u5716\u7247\uff0cCSS \u6a94...\uff09\u3002http://example.comhttp://example.com | http://other.com*\u593e\u96dc\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5e38\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/cross-origin-resources-sharing/#\u653b\u64ca","title":"\u653b\u64ca","text":"\u82e5\u5141\u8a31\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7db2\u7ad9\uff08devil.com\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u88ab\u653b\u64ca\u7db2\u7ad9\uff08example.com\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u5c08\u5c6c\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5716\u7247\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e92\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u8981\u5230\u6703\u54e1\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u751a\u81f3 cookie \u7684\u503c\u3002
very new feature!!
CORP \u548c CORSCross-Origin-Resource-Policy - same-origin - same-site - cross-originCross-Origin-Embedder-Policy - require-corpGET /api/v2/shops/{shop_name}/revenue_data.json HTTP/1.1\n...\n\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u66f4\u6539 shop_name \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u5982\u679c API \u5728\u8655\u7406\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u8b49\u6642\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9069\u7576\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u5982\uff1aCAPTCHA\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3001\u9396 IP \u7b49\u3002
\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u865f\u3001\u5bc6\u78bc\u7d44\u5408\u5217\u8868\u53cd\u8986\u5617\u8a66\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#excessive-data-exposure","title":"Excessive Data Exposure","text":"\u65b0\u9032\u4fdd\u5168\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u53d6\u9650\u5236\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u3002
GET /api/v2/camera/ids HTTP/1.1\n...\n\u56de\u50b3\u7684\u537b\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u5728 APP \u4f5c\u904e\u6ffe\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002
\u963b\u65b7\u670d\u52d9\u653b\u64ca (DoS)
GET /api/v2/users?page=1&size=100 HTTP/1.1\n...\nsize \u5f9e 100 \u8abf\u6574\u6210 2,000,000\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u53d6\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd
POST /api/admin/v2/invites HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"email\"\uff1a\"hugo@malicious.com\"}\n\u6ce8\u610f\u548c Object \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#mass-assignment","title":"Mass Assignment","text":"\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0b\u5217\u5169\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
const user = new User(req.body);\nuser.update();\nconst data = req.body;\nconst user = new User({ name: data.name, age: data.age });\nuser.update();\n\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6253\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b API \u5c1a\u7121\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
PUT /api/v2/user/data HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"name\"\uff1a\"john\",\"age\"\uff1a24}\n\u4f46\u6539\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u7d66\u4e88\u932f\u8aa4\u6b0a\u9650\u3002
PUT /api/v2/user/data HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"name\"\uff1a\"john\",\"age\"\uff1a24,\"money\"\uff1a999999}\n\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u914d\u7f6e
\u800c\u5176\u5728\u9ed8\u8a8d\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6703\u89e3\u9664\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u8b49...
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#injection","title":"Injection","text":"POST /api/v2/auth/login HTTP/1.1\n\n...\n\n{\"account\"\uff1a\"some-account' OR 1 --\", \"password\": \"dont-care\"}\n\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u6703\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\uff1a
SELECT * FROM user\nWHERE account='some-account' OR 1 --' AND password='dont-care'\nLIMIT 1\nv2 \u628a Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting \u7684\u554f\u984c\u4fee\u597d\u4e86
GET /api/v2/users?page=1&size=100 HTTP/1.1\n...\n\u4f46\u662f v1 \u5462\uff1f\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5c0e\u5165\uff08redirect\uff09\u5230 v2 \u55ce
\u6e2c\u8a66\u74b0\u5883\u7684 DB \u6709\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u74b0\u5883\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-api-top10/#insufficient-logging--monitoring","title":"Insufficient Logging & Monitoring","text":"\u597d\u7684 Log \u548c\u8b66\u544a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7576\u4e0b\u5c0d\u653b\u64ca\u505a\u8655\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-authentication-best-practice/","title":"OWASP \u9a57\u8b49\u6a5f\u5236\u6700\u4f73\u6307\u5357","text":""},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-authentication-best-practice/#passsword","title":"Passsword","text":"Referer: https://github.com/OWASP/owasp-mstg/blob/master/Document/0x04e-Testing-Authentication-and-Session-Management.md#testing-best-practices-for-passwords-mstg-auth-5-and-mstg-auth-6
Referer: https://github.com/OWASP/owasp-mstg/blob/master/Document/0x04e-Testing-Authentication-and-Session-Management.md#session-management-best-practices
jti\uff08JWT ID\uff09KeyChain \u6216 KeyStorealg \u53ef\u63a5\u53d7 noneexp \u8981\u6ce8\u610fimplicit grant\uff0ccode grant \u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4e14\u77ed\u6642scope\u5982\u8ad6\u4f55\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u9a57\u8b49\u8acb\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u80fd\u78ba\u8a8d\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u771f\u7684\u88ab\u88dd\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002
iOS\uff1a
In iOS, a developer can use identifierForVendor, which is related to the bundle ID: the moment you change a bundle ID, the method will return a different value. When the app is ran for the first time, make sure you store the value returned by identifierForVendor to the KeyChain, so that changes to it can be detected at an early stage.
Android\uff1a
In Android, the developer can use Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID till Android 8.0 (API level 26) to identify an application instance. Note that starting at Android 8.0 (API level 26), ANDROID_ID is no longer a device unique ID. Instead, it becomes scoped by the combination of app signing key, user and device. So validating ANDROID_ID for device blocking could be tricky for these Android versions. Because if an app changes its signing key, the ANDROID_ID will change and it won't be able to recognize old users devices. Therefore, it's better to store the ANDROID_IDencrypted and privately in a private a shared preferences file using a randomly generated key from the AndroidKeyStore and preferably AES_GCM encryption. The moment the app signature changes, the application can check for a delta and register the new ANDROID_ID. The moment this new ID changes without a new application signing key, it should indicate that something else is wrong.
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u7d81\u5b9a\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7c3d\u767c\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4f86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002
Next, the device binding can be extended by signing requests with a key stored in the Keychain for iOS and in the KeyStore in Android can reassure strong device binding.
\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49 IP\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6642\u9593\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u6a5f\u654f\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032 local storage \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u751f\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5132\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a
KeychainKeystore\u8acb\u53c3\u7167\u5404\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\uff01\uff01
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\u9810\u9632\uff1a
iGoat\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u5f71\u7247\u3002
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\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a
SMS\u3001MMS \u50b3\u51fa\u53bbGET /api/some-method?rule=user HTTP/1.1\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u6539\u6210 rule=admin
\u8acb\u7528 Server \u7aef\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6388\u6b0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u4f60\u7684-app-\u5beb\u5f97\u4e0d\u597dpoor-code-quality","title":"\u4f60\u7684 APP \u5beb\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff08Poor Code Quality\uff09","text":"\u6cdb\u6307\u6240\u6709\u5728 Client \u7aef\u7684\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c
\u9810\u9632\uff1a
buffer overflow \u548c memory leak \u662f\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u554f\u984cinclude <stdio.h>\n\n int main(int argc, char **argv)\n {\n char buf[8]; // buffer for eight characters\n gets(buf); // \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u9019\u5f88\u5371\u96aa\uff01\n printf(\"%s\\n\", buf); // print out data stored in buf\n return 0; // 0 as return value\n }\n\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u6709 APP \u90fd\u6703\u6709\u9019\u554f\u984c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c APP \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u908f\u8f2f\u90fd\u5728\u9a57\u8b49\u5f8c\u6216 Server \u7aef\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u985e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8b70\u984c\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565
\u8f03\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7522\u696d\uff1a\u624b\u904a\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f
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"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0breverse-engineering","title":"\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08Reverse Engineering\uff09","text":"\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u9810\u9632\uff08IDA Pro\u3001Hopper\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u6311\u4e00\u4e0b
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"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u53ef\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5f0f\u904b\u884c\u7684\u6a5f\u5236extraneous-functionality","title":"\u53ef\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5f0f\u904b\u884c\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff08Extraneous Functionality\uff09","text":"\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a APP \u57f7\u884c\u5728 local \u7aef\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6539\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u6216\u89c0\u5bdf log\u3002
debug \u7684 log\u5f8c\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff1a
\u57fa\u672c\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a
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"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u7684-session-\u8655\u7406improper-session-handling","title":"\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u7684 Session \u8655\u7406\uff08Improper Session Handling\uff09","text":"\u5047\u8a2d Skype \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5177\u6709 HTML \u6216 Script Injection \u5f31\u9ede\uff0c\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u628a\u5177\u6709\u60e1\u610f\u9023\u7d50\u7684 iframe \u5beb\u5165\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7db2\u9801\uff1a
<iframe src=\"skype:17031234567?call\"></iframe>\n\u4e00\u4f46\u53ef\u651c\u5f0f\u884c\u52d5\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u8b80\u53d6\u5230\u6b64 iframe \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6642\uff0cSkype \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c07\u7121\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u958b\u59cb\u64ad\u865f\u7d66\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc\u3002
Cross Site Rrequest Foriegn
"},{"location":"essay/web-security/owasp-mobile-risk-top10/#\u5c01\u88dd\u6a94\u6848\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0d\u8db3--\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8b77lack-of-binary-protections","title":"\u5c01\u88dd\u6a94\u6848\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0d\u8db3 / \u7f3a\u5c11\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8b77\uff08Lack of Binary Protections\uff09","text":"Binary \u4fdd\u8b77\u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u653b\u64ca\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u7372\u5f97\u60a8\u7684 App
\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u52d5\u5132\u5b58\u65bc\u53ef\u651c\u5f0f\u884c\u52d5\u88dd\u7f6e\u5167
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\u66f8\u540d \u72c0\u614b \u8a55\u50f9 \u4f5c\u8005 \u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f Implementation Patterns \u8b80\u5b8c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Kent Beck 2007-10 Distributed Systems with Node.js \u5b8c\u6210 \u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606 Thomas Hunter 2020-11 Designing Data-intensive Applications \u5b8c\u6210 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Martin Kleppmann 2017-03 Future Of Fusion Energy \u5beb\u4f5c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 Jason Parisi, Paperback 2018-12 Release It! \u5b8c\u6210 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606 Michael T. Nygard 2018-01 Adaptive Concurrency \u5b8c\u6210 \u5fc3\u5f97 2022-07 The Site Reliability Workbook \u5beb\u4f5c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Google \u91dd\u5c0d\u7dad\u904b\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u6574\u7406 2018-09"},{"location":"feedback/#\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7570\u52d5","title":"\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7570\u52d5","text":"\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u65b0\u589e\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4fee\u6539\u820a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
{{ blog_content feedback }}
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\u8a3b1\uff1a\u76f8\u95dc PPT \u53ea\u80fd\u88ab 104 \u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u7bc7\u4ee5\u6db5\u84cb\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002
\u8a3b2\uff1a\u76f8\u95dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5be6\u4f5c\u5728 GitHub \u4e0a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u524d\u8a00","title":"\u524d\u8a00","text":"\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\uff082022\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\uff08Adaptive Concurrency\uff09\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5b83\u81ea 1988 \u5e74\u4fbf\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5354\u5b9a TCP \u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53c8\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u4f86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5b83\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5462\uff1f
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\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u9280\u884c\u751f\u6d3b\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u9577\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5728\u958b\u5f35\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4f60\u5c31\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
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\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f \\(200\\; req\\)\uff0c\u901a\u91cf\u662f \\(100\\; req/s\\)\uff0c\u7576\u6bcf\u79d2\u6709 50 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6253\u9032\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u9019\u670d\u52d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f09\u9019\u500b\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6839\u64da\u5176\u901a\u91cf\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406 100 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u73fe\u5728\u6bcf\u79d2\u6709 100 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8981\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u3002\u554f\u984c\u662f\u7576\u73fe\u5728\u6bcf\u79d2\u6709 150 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u6703\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6703\u6709 150 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u9032\u670d\u52d9\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f 200\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u901a\u91cf\u662f 100\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u79d2\u904e\u5f8c\u53ea\u80fd\u6d88\u5316\u6389\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 100 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u809a\u5b50\u88e1\u4ecd\u7136\u6709 50 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u672a\u6d88\u5316\u3002\u9019\u6642\u4f86\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u79d2\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53c8\u6709 150 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u8fd1\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u809a\u5b50\u88e1\u7e3d\u8a08\u6709 200 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f 200\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u79d2\u6d88\u5316\u5f8c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u809a\u5b50\u88e1\u5269\u4e0b 100 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u7576\u53c8\u4f86\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u79d2\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u79d2\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709 250 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u670d\u52d9\u56e0\u70ba\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u5920\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u591a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684 50 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8655\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u7a69\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u79d2 10 \u500b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7a81\u7136\u6bcf\u79d2 150 \u500b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u80fd\u5bb9\u8a31\u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u8655\u7406\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6548\u7387\u9084\u662f\u8981\u770b\u901a\u91cf\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u58c5\u585e\u63a7\u5236","title":"\u58c5\u585e\u63a7\u5236","text":"\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5f88\u591a\u7709\u7709\u89d2\u89d2\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u8655\u7406\u58c5\u585e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7a31\u58c5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff08congestion avoidance control\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u6587\u59cb\u65bc 1988 \u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u5982\u524d\u8a00\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u5728 TCP \u5354\u5b9a\u4e2d\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u8a72\u63a7\u5236\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u512a\u5316\u548c\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 1995 \u5e74\u7684 Vegas\u30012002 \u5e74\u7684 AIMD-FC\u30012004 \u5e74\u7684 BIC \u7b49\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u9818\u57df\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230 APIM \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7ba1\u7406\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5df2\u7d93\u9810\u8a2d\u652f\u63f4\u96cd\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff08proxy\uff09\u90fd\u9810\u8a2d\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Nginx\uff08community version\uff09\u3001HAProxy \u9810\u8a2d\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u88dd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u639b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Nginx \u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88dd lua \u7684\u5916\u639b\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u8f03\u65b0\u7684 Envoy \u548c Vector\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u652f\u63f4\u3002
\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u5730\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u7709\u7709\u89d2\u89d2\u7adf\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u516c\u5f0f\u6b78\u7d0d\u8d77\u4f86\uff01\u9019\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f 1954 \u5e74\u5229\u7279\u723e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u3002
... This relationship is covered very nicely with Little's Law Netflix - concurrency-limit
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","title":"\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","text":"\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\uff08Little's law\uff09\u65bc 1954 \u5e74\u5229\u7279\u723e\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u9280\u884c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u60f3\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u9280\u884c\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5ef3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u601d\u8003\u300c\u9280\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u6703\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u9867\u5ba2\u5728\u88e1\u9762\u300d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5229\u7279\u723e\u900f\u904e\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u63a8\u5c0e\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u9280\u884c\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u5e73\u5747\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u6709 30 \u500b\u4eba\uff08\\(30\\; p/hr\\)\uff09\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7b49\u5f85\u52a0\u8655\u7406\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6642\u9593\u662f 6 \u5206\u9418\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f 0.1 \u500b\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\\(0.1\\; hr\\)\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u51fa\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\u4eba\u6578\u70ba \\(30\\; p/hr \\times 0.1\\; hr = 3\\; p\\)\uff0c\u4e09\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6e96\u5099\u4e09\u5f35\u6905\u5b50\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5728\u9280\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4f4d\u5b50\u5750\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u6a5f\u7387\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u518d\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5009\u5132\u4e2d\u5fc3\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u300c\u5009\u5eab\u8981\u591a\u5927\u4f86\u5b58\u653e\u9019\u4e9b\u8ca8\u54c1\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u8a08\u7b97\u6bcf\u5929\u5e73\u5747\u9001\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u8ca8\u54c1\u6578\u548c\u6bcf\u4ef6\u8ca8\u7269\u5e73\u5747\u8981\u653e\u591a\u4e45\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u6bcf\u5929\u6709 100 \u4ef6\u8ca8\u54c1\u9032\u4f86\u4e14\u6bcf\u4ef6\u8ca8\u54c1\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u4e09\u5929\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u5009\u5eab\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e 300 \u4ef6\u8ca8\u54c1\u624d\u5920\u5927\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u7b97\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u300c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5009\u5eab\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u50c5\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u5169\u500b\u53c3\u6578\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u8ca8\u6d41\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u5206\u914d\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53b2\u5bb3\u5427\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","title":"\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247","text":"\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4f8b\u5b50\u653e\u56de\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u5957\u7528\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u3002
\\(L\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u5e73\u5747\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\uff0c\\(\\lambda\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u8acb\u6c42\u7387\uff0c\\(W\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\uff1f\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
\u8acb\u5148\u5230 playground-adaptive-concurrency\uff0c\u7167\u8457 README \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u628a\u670d\u52d9\u555f\u52d5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e00","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e00","text":"\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42 500 \u6beb\u79d2\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
node src/client.js --wait 500 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8080\n\u5716\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u662f\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u79d2\u9418\u6703\u6709 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7e3d\u91cf\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u5728 15 \u500b\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u8655\u7406\uff08in-flight\uff09\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u7dad\u6301\u5728 10 \u500b\uff08\u6839\u64da\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u500b server \u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u8655\u7406 10 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u800c pending \u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u5728 5 \u500b\u3002\u6703\u770b\u5230 pending \u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6296\u52d5\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u505a metrics \u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u6bcf 0.5 \u79d2\u8f38\u51fa\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u904e\u4e86 0.5 \u79d2\u5f8c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u4e86\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u6709 jitter\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u793a\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684 pending \u6578\u91cf\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u4ee3\u8868 server \u6bcf\u79d2\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09\u3002\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\uff0c10 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u9700\u8017\u6642 500ms\uff0c5 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u9700\u8017\u6642 1000ms\uff0c\u6545\u800c \\(\\left ( 10 \\times 500 + 5 \\times 1000 \\right )/15 \\approx 667\\; ms\\)\u3002
\u7528\u62fc\u5716\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5c31\u6703\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\uff1a
\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e8c","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e8c","text":"\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42 600 \u6beb\u79d2\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
node src/client.js --wait 600 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8080\n\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8457\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u73fe\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u80fd\u670d\u52d9\u9019\u500b\u91cf\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u55ce\uff1f
\u8ddf\u4f60\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\u55ce\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f\u8acb\u6c42\u4f86\u5230 600 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4e5f\u80fd\u8655\u7406\uff01\u9019\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6709\u9ede\u9055\u53cd\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684 100 \u6beb\u79d2\u597d\u50cf\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c0e\u81f4\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u8655\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u5011\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u7528\u62fc\u5716\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u756b\u51fa\u4f86\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u5be6\u969b\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u3002
\u7531\u4e0a\u5716\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u5faa\u74b0\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e2d\u9593 200 ms\uff08\\(2000 - 600 \\times 3 = 200\\; ms\\)\uff09\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u5728\u7b97\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u91cf\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u756b\u9019\u500b\u62fc\u5716\u55ce\uff1f\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6709\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\uff01\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u6578\u503c\u5e36\u9032\u516c\u5f0f\u88e1\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\uff01\\(L = \\lambda \\times W = 15\\; req/s \\times 0.6\\; s = 9\\; req\\)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u64c1\u6709\u5927\u65bc 9 \u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08capacity\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u5404\u4f4d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8457\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u300cServer latency\u300d\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u5728 0.88 \u79d2\u5de6\u53f3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e09","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e09","text":"\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42 700 \u6beb\u79d2\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
node src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8080\n\u6211\u5011\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u8457\u7528\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u9019\u6a23\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u627f\u8f09\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f server \u53ea\u80fd\u627f\u8f09 10 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ea\u6709 10\uff0c\u7576\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u8d85\u904e 10 \u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u8acb\u6c42 pending\u3002
\\(15 \\times 0.7 = 11.5\\; req\\)\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8d85\u904e\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u8b93\u8acb\u6c42\u5ef6\u5b95\uff08pending\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u7b49\u5f85\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6642\u518d\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c Nginx \u7b49\u592a\u4e45\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe timeout \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u61c9 504\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u5716\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u597d\u597d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e86\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u770b\u4e0a\u9762 server \u7684\u8655\u7406\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9084\u6c92\u8655\u7406\u597d\u4e0a\u4e00\u79d2\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u53c8\u63a5\u8457\u4f86\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u79d2\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 pending \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u7121\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002\u5728\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684 client \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u5230\u4e86 10:15:50 HTTP 200 \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u958b\u59cb\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f Nginx \u56de\u7684 504 Timeout\uff0c\u4e14\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u5728 4 \u79d2\u5167\u56de\u61c9\u8acb\u6c42\uff08pending \u8f49\u5230 in-flight \u4e26\u82b1 0.7 \u79d2\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8d85\u904e\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u8d85\u904e 4 \u79d2\u6642\uff0cclient \u5c31\u6703\u6536\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7686\u70ba 504\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u5716\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u5e73\u5747\u6f5b\u6642\u6b63\u9010\u6b65\u5f80 4 \u79d2\u9760\u8fd1\u3002\u7576\u5230\u4e86 10:17:05 \u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u56de\u5230 server \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5169\u5206\u9418\uff08120 \u79d2\uff09\u904e\u53bb\u4e86\uff0cclient \u4e0d\u518d\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u904e\u4f86\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u9010\u6b65\u628a\u809a\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6d88\u5316\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u800c pending \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u958b\u59cb\u9a5f\u964d\u3002
\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u4e2d\u6de1\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u7dda\uff08HTTP 200 \u6bcf\u79d2\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u4e26\u6bcf\u5341\u79d2\u5e73\u5747\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\uff0cserver \u7684\u901a\u91cf\u5728\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6642\u5e73\u5747\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f 10:15:10 \u5230 10:15:45 \u4e4b\u9593\uff09\uff1f\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u63db\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\\(\\lambda = L / W = 10 / 0.7 \\approx 14.3\\)\uff0c\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8981\u6c42\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u8981\u80fd\u6bcf\u79d2\u8655\u7406 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u58d3\u5728\u5e7e\u79d2\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\uff1f\\(W = L / \\lambda = 10 / 15 \\approx 0.67\\)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8acb\u6c42\u5728 0.67 \u79d2\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u8acb\u6c42\u958b\u59cb\u96cd\u585e\u4e26\u5806\u7a4d\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e86\u55ce\uff01
\u6709\u4e86\u5229\u7279\u723e\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u300c\u5e73\u5747\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u300d\u8a2d\u70ba\u63a7\u5236\u8b8a\u56e0\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u5be6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f 10\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09\u5c31\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6545\u800c\u8eab\u70ba APIM\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8acb\u6c42\u5c0e\u6d41\u5230\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u670d\u52d9\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u963b\u585e\u672a\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u9650\u5236\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u6e2c\u6f5b\u6642\u4f86\u81ea\u52d5\u4fee\u6b63\u670d\u52d9\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f Additive-Increase/Multiplicative-Decrease\uff08AIMD\uff09\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\u7a69\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff08Additive-Increase\uff09\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6578\uff0c\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\u904e\u9ad8\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u58d3\u4f4e\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\uff08Multiplicative-Decrease\uff09\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u6642\u9593\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u4f86 DEMO \u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01
AIMD \u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\u8a73\u898b\u76f8\u95dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5be6\u4f5c-aimd","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c AIMD","text":"node src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 15 --duration 120 --port 8081\n\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5c0d\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0a\u5347\u7684 pending \u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6301\u7e8c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c AIMD \u7684 proxy \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u958b\u59cb\u7d00\u9304\u670d\u52d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f09\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d85\u51fa\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u5716\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba proxy \u521d\u59cb\u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5341\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c71\u4e18\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff08Additive-Increase\uff09\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6578\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d05\u8272\u5c0f\u5c71\u4e18\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4f86\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u7a69\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u7dda\u4e2d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u901a\u91cf\uff08throughput\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u7d04 \\(14.3 req/s\\) \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u90a3\u4e9b\u7121\u6cd5\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e proxy \u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7d55\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u5be6\u4f5c\u662f\u8b93\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u5f9e 600ms \u5347\u5230 700ms \u518d\u5347\u5230 1000ms\u3002
# \u4f7f server \u9810\u8a2d\u7b49\u5f85 600ms\ncurl localhost:8000/set-wait/600\n# --wait = 0 \u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u7528 server \u9810\u8a2d\u7684 waiting time\nnode src/client.js --wait 0 --rate 15 --duration 0 --port 8081\n# \u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\ncurl localhost:8000/set-wait/700\ncurl localhost:8000/set-wait/1000\n\u5728 11:06:30 \u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u548c\u524d\u9762\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6f5b\u6642\u4f86\u5230 1000ms \u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 proxy \u958b\u59cb\u81ea\u52d5\u964d\u4f4e\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u62d2\u7d55\u591a\u51fa\u7684 5 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u4e0a\u5716\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e86 AIMD \u7684\u589e\u5e45\uff1a\u9010\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u9661\u843d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728 proxy \u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u627f\u8f09\u904e\u591a\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e00\u4e0b\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\uff08AIMD \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u4f5c\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u64c1\u6709 100 \u7684\u901a\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5404\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08client\uff09\u6436\u4f54\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9650\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005A \u6bcf\u79d2\u53ea\u80fd\u6253 15 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005B \u6bcf\u79d2\u53ea\u80fd\u6253 40 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7e3d\u9650\u5236\u6703\u5c0f\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc 100\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u7576\u6bcf\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u9019\u500b APIM \u4e2d\u65b7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u524d\u9762\u639b\u8f09\u4e86\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5fc3\u8b93 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005A \u548c \u4f7f\u7528\u8005B \u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u6bcf\u79d2 80 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5408\u8a08\u8d77\u4f86\u662f 160 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u65bc\u80fd\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\u6bcf\u79d2 100 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u9019\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u512a\u52e2\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u80fd\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u8e29\u5230\u9650\u5236\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u9650\u6d41\u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u6709\u6642\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u518d\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86 5 \u5206\u9418\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01
# \u5206\u5225\u5728\u5169\u500b\u7d42\u7aef\u8f38\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 120 --name A --port 8081\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 120 --name B --port 8081\n\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5de6\u4e0b\u7684 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005A \u548c\u53f3\u4e0b\u7684 \u4f7f\u7528\u8005 B \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230 HTTP 200 \u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e14\u5169\u8005\u7684\u7e3d\u901a\u91cf\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684 14.3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e00\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b client \u7684\u5148\u5f8c\u9806\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6703\u5c0d\u7372\u5f97 504 \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u6211\u5011\u7559\u5230\u5ef6\u4f38\u518d\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u5f88\u96e3\u505a\u5230\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4ed6\u8981\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6700\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014\u72c0\u614b\u6a5f\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u505a\u9650\u6d41\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u5404\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d00\u9304\u5176\u4e94\u5206\u9418\u5167\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a
\u628a\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u653e\u5230\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01
# \u5206\u5225\u5728\u5169\u500b\u7d42\u7aef\u8f38\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 0 --port 8081\nnode src/client.js --wait 700 --rate 10 --duration 0 --port 8082\n\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9019\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u500b proxy\uff0cProxyA \u7684 port \u662f 8081\u3001ProxyB \u7684 port \u662f 8082\u3002\u7576\u5169\u500b proxy \u5404\u81ea\u63a5\u6536\u5341\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u81ea\u5df1\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u901a\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u7dad\u6301 \\(14.3 req/s\\) \u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u9019\u6642\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b proxy \u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u9069\u7576\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u901a\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u500b proxy \u6642\uff0c\u5404\u81ea proxy \u7684\u901a\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5236\u5c07\u6703\u7834\u58de\u9810\u671f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6392\u89e3\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u904e\u8f09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u901a\u91cf\u6216\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6301\u7e8c\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\u4f86\u8abf\u6574\u61c9\u8a72\u9001\u5f80\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6578\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u4f86\u554f\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u8a13\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f97\u5fc5\u6709\u5931\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5931\u6e96\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u5206\u5225\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u6211\u5011\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4fdd\u9463\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u80fd\u7684\u8077\u696d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u696d\u52d9\u8655\u7406\u6642\u9593\u88ab\u62c9\u9577\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u9650\u6d41\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u60e1\u610f\uff08\u7121\u610f\uff09\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7834\u58de\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9632\u7bc4\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u904e IP\u3001UA \u751a\u81f3 Header \u4f86\u8fa8\u5225\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u9650\u5236\u3002
\u5728\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u6709\u5f97\u5fc5\u6709\u5931\u300d\u662f\u9069\u7528\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 AIMD\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/adaptive-concurrency/#\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5ef6\u4f38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u6574\u548c\u512a\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u8209\u5e7e\u500b\uff1a
\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c0d\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9084\u662f\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u66f8\u88e1\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u8b1b\u89e3\uff0c\u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u66f8\u6709 Google \u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u5beb\u7684 Site Reliability Engineering\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/maintenace-experience/","title":"\u7dad\u904b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u5f97","text":"\u7dad\u904b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u64da\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6578\u64da\u4f5c\u51fa\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002
\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u7522\u54c1\u300d\u5c31\u5e36\u4ee3\u8868\u900f\u660e\u5316\uff0clog/metric/trace
log \u53c8\u5206\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1atext log\u3001introspection log\uff08eg. exception stack\uff09 \u548c structure log\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc SLO \u4f86\u8aaa structure log \u548c metrics \u624d\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc\u8981\u627e\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0ctrace \u548c introspection log \u6703\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\u3002
Metrics \u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u9019\u53f0\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e0a\u6b21\u90e8\u7f72\u6642\u9593\uff08program version tag\uff09\u3002
SLO \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u6700\u4e45\u5931\u80fd\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff0cSLI \u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u554f\u984c\u3002
trace \u8981\u653e tcp \u9023\u7dda\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u91d0\u6e05\u9023\u7dda\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
trace \u8ddf metrics \u5dee\u5728\u54ea\uff1f
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u62c9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 agent connections \u5f9e\u96f2\u5230\u5730\u5f8c\u8b8a\u9ad8\uff0c agent log \u770b\u5230 latency \u62c9\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u6c92\u505a
\u7167\u9867\u597d\u4f60\u7684 monitor \u670d\u52d9\uff1a
statsd, PrometheusPrometheus, InfluxDB(long term)Grafana, ViceroyAlertmanagermetrics \u6ce8\u610f\u56db\u5927\u6307\u6a19\uff1a
\u600e\u9ebc\u76e3\u63a7\u670d\u52d9\uff1f\u5047\u8a2d\u4f60\u7684 SLO \u8a02\u5b9a 30 \u5929\u6700\u9ad8 0.1% \u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\uff1a
\u89e3\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u6539\u6210\u76e3\u63a7 burn rate\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u6703\u591a\u5feb\u6d88\u8017\u6389\u4f60\u7684 error budget\uff1a
\u4f4e\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a
\u6709\u6642\u592a\u5bec\u9b06\u7684 SLO \u6703\u8b93\u9810\u671f\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u5931\u9748\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSLO \u6bcf\u6708 90% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u76e3\u63a7\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642 > 2% \u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u5c07\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89f8\u767c\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align} 720*2\\% = 14.4 rate >= 14.4* (1-90\\%) = 1.4 \\end{align}\\]\u8981\u8b93\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5927\u65bc\u8acb\u6c42\u7e3d\u6578\u7684 1.4 \u500d\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52d9\uff08\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6bcf\u500b\u90fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u7368\u7acb\u7684 SLO\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u5206\u985e\u597d\u4e26\u5957\u7528\u5176\u61c9\u6709\u7684 SLO\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Request class Availability Latency @ 90%a Latency @ 99%CRITICAL 99.99% 100 ms 200 ms HIGH_FAST 99.9% 100 ms 200 ms HIGH_SLOW 99.9% 1,000 ms 5,000 ms LOW 99% None None NO_SLO None None None \u4f46\u662f\u8981\u505a\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u88ab\u529f\u80fd\u958b\u767c\u4f54\u6eff\uff01\u9019\u6642\u5019\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f
\u9019\u5c31\u5c0d\u5230\u300c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u591a\u5c11\u6642\u9593\u5728\u7dad\u904b\u4e0a\u300d
\u518d\u5e36\u5230 error budge\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u5c0e\u5230\u300c\u4f9d\u64da\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6578\u64da\u505a\u51fa\u6c7a\u7b56\u300d\u3002
\u518d\u4f9d\u6b64\u5c0e\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u67b6\u69cb\uff0cDevOps v.s. SRE
\u5229\u7528 THD \u505a\u4e00\u500b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002
\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\uff0cJava \u904e GSLB \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u5728 GSLB \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u8868\u88ab reset\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6240\u6709 db \u9023\u7dda\u5931\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/","title":"Release It","text":"\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5617\u8a66\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u5730\u95e1\u8ff0\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7dad\u904b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u524d\u8a00","title":"\u524d\u8a00","text":"\u7dad\u904b\u662f \u7dad\u6301\u904b\u4f5c \u7684\u7c21\u5beb\uff0c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6bd4\u8d77\u5beb\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u66b8\u89e3\uff0c \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u5f9e\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u786c\u9ad4\u6a5f\u5668\u5230\u4e0a\u5c64\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\u9593\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u884c\u7232\u548c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u90fd\u8981\u66b8\u89e3\u3002
\u7576\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7bc0\u9ede\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u55ae\u9ede\u7684\u66b8\u89e3\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u53bb\u5be9\u8996\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002
\u95dc\u65bc\u4e8c\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57
\u300c\u4e8c\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u662f\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u500b\uff1a \u96f6\u500b\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u591a\u500b\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f88\u591a\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8b93\u7dad\u904b\u9019\u9ebc\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5728\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4f01\u696d\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u6bcf\u500b\u61c9\u7528\uff0c \u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u56f0\u96e3\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4f60\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7dad\u904b\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\uff1a\u4f60\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b0a\u8861\u4e2d\u505a\u9078\u64c7\u3002 \u5728\u5beb\u9019\u4efd\u5fc3\u5f97\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5728\u601d\u8003\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u628a\u9019\u9ebc\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5beb\u597d\uff0c \u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002
\u9019\u4efd\u5fc3\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u6bb5\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u66f8\u4e2d\u662f\u56db\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a
\u66f8\u4e2d\u5beb\u5f97\u6709\u8072\u6709\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u50c5\u4ee5\u689d\u5217\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u5be9\u8996\u548c\u56de\u61b6\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f8\u4e2d\u5beb\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002
\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u500b\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u51fa\u8655\u548c\u9801\u6578\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9801\u6578\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u662f Release it! \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#tcp-\u985e\u578b","title":"TCP \u985e\u578b","text":"TCP \u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u672a\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda","title":"\u672a\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda","text":"\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\u900f\u904e VIP \u548c\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u505a\u4e86 HA \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cTCP \u9023\u7dda\u4fbf\u81ea\u7136\u88ab\u68c4\u7528\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u8acb\u6c42\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba VIP \u6c92\u6709\u8b8a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u689d\u9023\u7dda\u5b58\u5728\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u537b\u5728\u9023\u7dda\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u672a\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u64fa\u3002
Case study, postmortem - p14
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728 Java \u9019\u985e\u591a\u7dda\u7a0b\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8907\u5229\u7528\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u5728 PHP\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u751f\u6ec5\u7684\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09 \u6216 Node.js\uff08\u55ae\u7dda\u7a0b\uff0clibuv\uff09 \u4f60\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u770b\u5230\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
\u4e0a\u9762\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5728\u9019\uff1a
Connection conn = null;\nStatement stmt = null;\ntry {\n // \u5982\u679c\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u6c92\u6709\u9023\u7dda\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5728\u9019\u908a\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\n // \u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u770b\u5230 HTTP 500 \u6216 Timeout \u7279\u5225\u9ad8\uff0c\n // \u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 CPU/Mem \u537b\u5f88\u4f4e\n conn = connectionPool.getConnection();\n stmt = conn.createStatement();\n // Do the things\n} finally {\n if (stmt != null) {\n stmt.close();\n }\n if (conn != null) {\n conn.close();\n }\n}\n\u6709\u770b\u5230\u554f\u984c\u55ce\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u8b70\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u904e JDBC \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u548c\u5f88\u591a IDE \u6574\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe stmt.close() \u9019\u500b\u51fd\u793a\u662f\u6703\u4e1f Exception \u7684\uff01
\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9632\u706b\u7246\u7684 session table \u91cd\u7f6e\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u88ab\u4e1f\u68c4\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u62d2\u7d55\uff09\uff0c \u9032\u800c\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u548c\u8acb\u6c42\u7aef\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u9023\u7dda\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684 TCP Retransmission\u3002
Integration Points, The 5 A.M. Problem - p38
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u884c\u70ba\u5806\u7a4d\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u6301\u7e8c\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0b\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d","title":"\u6301\u7e8c\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0b\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d","text":"\u5728\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u8457 \u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u8b8a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4 \u6642\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5806\u7a4d\uff09\uff0c \u55ae\u4e00\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5931\u80fd\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u5206\u914d\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c \u7576\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u56e0\u70ba\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5806\u7a4d\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5931\u80fd\u6642\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u5269\u4e0b\u5169\u53f0\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002
\u5728\u672a\u7372\u5f97\u6539\u5584\u524d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5806\u7a4d\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6539\u5584\uff09\uff0c \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u91cd\u555f\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002
Chain Reactions, Searching... - p48
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u670d\u52d9\u7aef\u4e26\u672a\u544a\u77e5\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9396\u6b7b\uff09\u9084\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8f38\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u932f\u8aa4\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u8acb\u6c42\u7aef\u53cd\u8986\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u9001\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002
Cascading Failures - p50
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u524d\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u8005 \uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Chrome \u7684\u512a\u5316\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff09 \u6703\u53cd\u8986\u767c\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u7d00\u9304 session ID\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u53cd\u8986\u5efa\u7f6e\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u7684 session\uff0c\u52a0\u91cd\u670d\u52d9\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002
Unwanted Users - p57
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\u5c0e\u81f4\u65b7\u8def\u5668\u65b7\u96fb\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6a5f\u95dc\u6a5f\u3002 \u7576\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u6a5f\u5668\u6642\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5728\u91cd\u958b\u6a5f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8acb\u6c42\u6bd4\u5e73\u6642\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u65b7\u8def\u5668\u53cd\u8986\u8df3\u96fb\u3002
Dogpile - p79
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u932f\u8aa4\u914d\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u66b4\u885d","title":"\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u66b4\u885d","text":"\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u5347\u7248\u904e\u7a0b\u628a\u9810\u671f\u88ab\u95dc\u6389\u7684 auto-scaler \u6a5f\u5236\u555f\u52d5\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4 auto-scaler \u56e0\u70ba\u904e\u6642\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u9589\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
Outage Amplification - p80
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u672c\u4f86\u662f metadata\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9810\u671f\u4ed6\u6703\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u4f46\u610f\u5916\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 pagination\uff0c \u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5403\u5149\u7bc0\u9ede\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0e\u81f4\u5931\u80fd\u3002
Unbounded Result Sets - p87
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u7576\u7269\u4ef6\u904b\u7b97\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e1f\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8b93\u8a72\u7269\u4ef6\u63a5\u8457\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u518d\u4e1f\u932f\u3002
We Got the Fax\u2013\u2013It's All Black, p107
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
\u7576\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8cf4\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u91cf\u8b8a\u5f88\u4f4e\u6642\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u80fd\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u5171\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5916\u986f\u7279\u5fb5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u983b\u5bec\u5f88\u9ad8\u3001\u6f5b\u6642\u5f88\u9577\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08CPU/Mem\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4f4e\u3002
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a
Trampled by Your Own Customers, p277
\u65e9\u671f\u958b\u767c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u56db\u5230\u4e94\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u6703\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u5305\uff0c \u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u5206\u4eab\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u9054\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u958b\u767c\u3002
\u9019\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u69cb\u6574\u500b\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cfc\u7269\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u9996\u9801\u3002
\u90a3\u6642\u7684\u6280\u8853\u53ea\u6709\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5074\u6e32\u67d3\uff08server side render\uff09\uff0c \u4e14\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u4ee5\u55ae\u77f3\uff08monolithic\uff09\u7db2\u7ad9\u5448\u73fe\u3002 \u986f\u7136\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u958b\u767c\u5b8c\u3001\u8a2d\u7f6e\u597d\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ecd\u9810\u5148\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u3001QA \u9a57\u8b49\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u95dc\u65bc\u55ae\u77f3\u5f0f\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u8ca0\u8cac\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u767b\u5165\u8a3b\u518a\u3001\u7522\u54c1\u5217\u8868\u3001\u8cfc\u7269\u8eca\u3001\u91d1\u6d41\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u7dad\u904b\u4e0a\u537b\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5f88\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u4e0d\u5217\u8209\u4e86\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c service-weaver\uff09 \u8b93\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\u4fdd\u6709\u55ae\u77f3\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u6709\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee5\u70ba\u55ae\u77f3\u5f0f\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u6703\u8b93\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e32\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u64da\u5eb7\u5a01\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c \u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u7684\u4e32\u63a5\u6548\u7387\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u5167\u90e8\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u983b\u7387\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u800c\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u8853\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u5206\u96e2\u3001\u55ae\u77f3\u5f0f\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u74b0\u5883\u4e0a\u8b93\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5718\u968a\u5206\u96e2\u800c\u9bae\u5c11\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c \u4f60\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u81e8\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u4e32\u63a5\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u3002
\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\u5f88\u56b4\u8b39\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5c31\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c92\u770b\u904e\u9019\u9ebc\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u6e2c\u8a66\uff09\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6703\u7528\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff08Windows \u800c\u975e Linux\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u6703\u9ede\u64ca\u9801\u9762\uff0c \u4e26\u6a21\u64ec\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6ed1\u52d5\u9801\u9762\uff0c\u9ede\u64ca\u7522\u54c1\u7d30\u7bc0\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u4e26\u5728\u6578\u500b\uff08\u7570\u6b65\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u9023\u7dda\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e2d\u6311\u51fa\u5e7e\u500b\u771f\u7684\u6703\u8d70\u91d1\u6d41\u3001\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002
\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u91cf\u662f\u540c\u6642\u6709 1,200 \u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c \u7576\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u90fd\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\uff08\u9019\u9084\u662f\u6de1\u5b63\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u986f\u7136\u5b83\u662f\u500b\u5927\u7db2\u7ad9\uff09\u3002
\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u58d3\u529b\u6e2c\u8a66\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u6574\u500b\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u56e0\u70ba\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
\u9019\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u958b\u59cb\u4fee\u932f\u548c\u627e\u51fa\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u3002 \u7d93\u904e\u4e09\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u53cd\u8986\u7684\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4e26\u61c9\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d55\u5999\u7684\u62db\u5f0f\u6210\u529f\u628a\u8ca0\u8f09\u6490\u9ad8\uff0c \u4e26\u5141\u8a31\u627f\u53d7\u7576\u521d\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u5341\u500d\uff0c12,000 \u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u91cf\u3002 \u662f\u6642\u5019\u8fce\u4f86\u4e0a\u7dda\u4e86\uff01
\u4e5d\u9ede\u4e0a\u7dda\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5f8c\u53f0\u76e3\u63a7\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u5728\u4e5d\u9ede\u4e94\u5206\u6642\u7684 session \u91cf\u9054\u5230 10,000\uff1b \u4e5d\u9ede\u5341\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u9054\u5230 50,000\uff1b \u4e5d\u9ede\u4e09\u5341\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u9054\u5230 250,000\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u6574\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u4e86\u3002
\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f
\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u9ebc\u56b4\u8b39\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u537b\u6c38\u9060\u6709\u4f60\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u767c\u751f\uff1a
\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5e7e\u9ede\uff1a
\u505a\u4e00\u53f0 server \u548c client\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u6a21\u64ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c64\uff08\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u4e0a\uff09\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u884c\u70ba\uff1a
RST \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\uff1bSYN \u6216 ACK \u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff1bACK\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e00\u76f4\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u9001\uff08retransmission\uff09\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u78ba\u4fdd\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u9023\u7dda\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u904b\u884c\u74b0\u5883","title":"\u904b\u884c\u74b0\u5883","text":"\u7576\u7dda\u4e0a\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u932f\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08log\uff09\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\uff0c \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9700\u8981\u9032\u5230\u6a5f\u5668\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u8a3a\u65b7\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8a3a\u65b7\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a\u4f60\u8981\u5c0d\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u5176\u904b\u884c\u74b0\u5883\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u5e7e\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff1a
\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c \u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5169\u985e\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u548c\u96fb\u8166\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u904b\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7bc0\u9ede\uff09\uff1a
\u8981\u91d0\u6e05\u6574\u500b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u5e7e\u884c\u5b57\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c \u6211\u5efa\u8b70\u5c31\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u9ede\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u914d\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u66f4\u6709\u611f\u3002
\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6703\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u53bb\u8d70\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fa8\u8b58\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
hostname \u7372\u5f97\u3002\u5169\u8005\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7a31\u70ba \u5b8c\u6574\u7db2\u57df\u540d\u7a31\uff08Fully Qualified Domain Name, FQDN\uff09\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u500b domain/FQDN\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 Hostname \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u548c domain \u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u767c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d NIC \u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u500b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
$ ifconfig \nlo0: <loopback>\ngif0: <tunnel for ipv4,6>\nstf0: <tunnel for ipv4,6>\nap1: <access-point mostly for WiFi>\nen0: <ethernet>\nen*: <more ethernet>\nawdl0: <apple wireless direct link for somthing like AirDrop>\nbridge0: <for virtual>\nllw0: <low-latency WLAN>\nutun0: <tunnel for VPN>\nutun*: <more tunnel>\n\u4f46\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u53ea\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u7d66\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9023\u7dda\u7528\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u7d66\u5f8c\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u5099\u4efd\u7528\uff0c \u9019\u5169\u500b\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u7368\u7acb\u7684 IP\uff08\u9019\u6642\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 domain\uff09\u3002 \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5169\u500b NIC \u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684 IP\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6280\u8853\u7a31\u70ba\u642d\u63a5\uff08bonding/teaming\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6524\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d81\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7684 NIC\uff080.0.0.0:8080\uff09 \u800c\u662f\u8981\u6307\u5b9a domain \u6216 IP\uff08app.example.com:8080 \u6216 172.168.1.2\uff09\u3002
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\u9019\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\uff1aDesign Data-Intensive Application\uff0c \u88e1\u9762\u5c31\u6703\u8ac7\u5f97\u5f88\u8a73\u7d30\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u7d50\u8a9e","title":"\u7d50\u8a9e","text":"\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5404\u5927\u4f01\u696d\u9010\u6f38\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7dad\u904b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c \u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u6703\u96f6\u96f6\u6563\u6563\u7684\uff0c \u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u672a\u4f86\u8981\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 Google SRE \u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c \u88e1\u9762\u8b1b\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c \u4f46\u4ed6\u8457\u91cd\u5728\u5efa\u7acb SLO\uff0c \u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4efd\u5fc3\u5f97\u60f3\u5beb\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/release-it/#\u5b57\u8a5e\u89e3\u91cb","title":"\u5b57\u8a5e\u89e3\u91cb","text":"\u95dc\u65bc\u865b\u64ec IP\uff08VIP\uff09Virtual IP\uff1b\u865b\u64ec IP \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6703\u9700\u8981\u6709\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406 VIP \u5c0d\u61c9\u771f\u5be6 IP \u7684\u8868\u683c\u3002 \u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f conntrack\uff08Netfilter\uff09\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f conntrack\uff1f
\u6709\u72c0\u614b\u9632\u706b\u7246\uff08stateful firewall\uff09\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7121\u72c0\u614b\u9632\u706b\u7246\uff08stateless firewall\uff09\u800c\u8a00\u7684\uff1a \u65e9\u671f\u9632\u706b\u7246\u53ea\u80fd drop syn to port 443 \u6216\u8005 allow syn to port 80 \u9019\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c \u6c92\u6709 flow \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b ack \u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u6709 syn\uff0c \u5c31 allow\uff0c\u5426\u5247 drop\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u9650\u3002
\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u8981\u5be6\u73fe\u6709\u72c0\u614b\u9632\u706b\u7246\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u7d00\u9304 flow \u548c\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f conntrack \u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\u865b\u64ec IP \u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
\u7531\u65bc\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/","title":"Designing Data-Intensive Applications","text":"2020 5 \u6708\u5df2\u92b7\u552e 100,000 \u672c\uff0c\u4e14\u662f 2019 \u5e74 O\u2019Reilly \u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u54c1\u92b7\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u662f\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\uff09\u3002
Martin Kleppmann
Table of contents
\u8eab\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u672c\u66f8
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u4e86\u89e3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u958b\u95ca\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u54ea\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u9069\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u5728\u770b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6587\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u66b8\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u8a5e\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u512a\u52a3\u52e2\u3002
As an application developer you\u2019re armed with this knowledge about the internals of storage engines, you are in a much better position to know which tool is best suited for your particular application. If you need to adjust a database\u2019s tuning parameters, this understanding allows you to imagine what effect a higher or a lower value may have. Although this chapter couldn\u2019t make you an expert in tuning any one particular storage engine, it has hopefully equipped you with enough vocabulary and ideas that you can make sense of the documentation for the database of your choice.
\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
2021 AWS Summit \u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u7d71\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u9a45\u52d5\u578b\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u8272\uff1a
\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u5927\u584a\uff1a
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Data Models and Query Languages\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b2\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2
\u5047\u8a2d\u6709 \\(N\\) \u500b\u9ede\uff0c\u9ede\u548c\u9ede\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u5c31\u6703\u6709 \\(\\frac{N^2-N}{2}\\) \u500b\u3002
\u8a66\u60f3\u6709\u767e\u842c\u500b\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u7528\u6236\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 MySQL \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u8a8d\u8b58\u8207\u5426\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u7db2\u7d61\u6703\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11 entry\uff1f\u9019\u6642\u5019\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u9664\u4e86 Relational Model \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d Storage and Retrieval \u7684\u524d\u534a\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u901f\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u3002
\u96d9\u7d22\u5f15
MySQL \u6bcf\u6b21\u4e0b query \u53ea\u6703\u9075\u5f9e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b index\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u82e5\u8981\u505a\u591a\u500b\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u72a7\u7272\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u96d9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u641c\u5c0b\u7d93\u5ea6\u7684\u8a71\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u6709\u9650\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d Storage and Retrieval \u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5340\u5206\u7dda\u4e0a\u548c\u5f8c\u53f0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002
\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5206\u6790\u7dda\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u9762\u548c\u7dda\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6436\u6548\u80fd\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Encoding and Evolution\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u548c\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
\u820a\u7248\u7de8\u78bc\u5982\u4f55\u8b80\u65b0\u7248\u8cc7\u6599
\u8ffd\u6c42\u8cc7\u6599\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7684\u6975\u81f4\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Maintainable\uff09\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u548c\u820a\u7248\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u7de8\u78bc\u5931\u6548\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Transaction\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08race condition\uff09\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u8a02\u7968\u554f\u984c
\u5169\u500b\u7528\u6236\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u8a02\u8cfc\u9650\u91cf\u7968\u7a2e\u4e14\u76ee\u524d\u50c5\u5269\u4e00\u5f35\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5229\u7528 Read-Decision-Write \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u5169\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u8a02\u8cfc\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u907f\u514d\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Replication\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52d5\u614b\u8907\u88fd\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\uff1a
\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072
\u7576\u6a5f\u5668\u5728\u505a\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u82e5\u662f \u6a5f\u5668A \u5b8c\u6210\u8907\u88fd\u800c \u6a5f\u5668B \u9084\u6c92\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u8f09\u5165\u9801\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002
\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u5230 \u6a5f\u5668B \u7684\u6642\u5019\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Partition\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52d5\u614b\u5206\u5340\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u7121\u6cd5\u8ca0\u8377\u904e\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\uff08\u4e26\u975e\u6d41\u91cf\uff09\u3002
\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d
\u4ee5 user ID \u4f5c\u70ba\u5206\u5340\u7684\u9375\u503c\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u7576\u793e\u4ea4\u8edf\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u4eba\u767c\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u5340\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u5927\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 The Trouble with Distributed Systems\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u72c0\u6cc13\u548c\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u3002
Debug
\u5728\u627e\u5c0b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5148\u5047\u8a2d\u57fa\u790e\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u3002 \u4e26\u5728\u6b64\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u4e0a\u958b\u59cb\u627e\u932f\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7528\u4e86\u5169\u5929\uff08\u5f88\u96e3\u91cd\u73fe\uff09\u53bb\u627e\uff0c \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u8cea\u7591\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u7ae0\u5617\u8a66\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u7684\uff0c \u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8a66\u8457\u8aaa\u660e\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Consistency and Consensus\uff0c\u5229\u7528 \u5171\u8b58 \u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u60274\u548c\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u89c0\u5ff5
\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u4ee5\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u7528\u6a5f\u5668\u505a\u9810\u6e2c\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u90a3\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f
\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u505a\u7d30\u7bc0\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Raft\u3001Paxos \u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u64c1\u6709\u548c\u591a\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u5354\u5546\u4e26\u9054\u6210\u5bb9\u932f\u80fd\u529b\u9ad8\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6b0a\u8861\u7684\uff1f
\u524d\u9762\u90fd\u5728\u8b1b\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8a66\u8457\u628a\u628a\u93e1\u982d\u62c9\u9060\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4e0d\u540c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u884d\u4f38\u548c\u6574\u5408\u3002
\u5feb\u53d6
\u6700\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\uff08Derived Data\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u62c9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u9032\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9032\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","title":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","text":"\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Batch Processing\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002
\u6392\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff08batch job\uff09\u548c\u6392\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08cron job\uff09\u662f\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\u6392\u7a0b\u6253 API \u505a search-index\u3001\u63a8\u85a6\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u7522\u51fa\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5beb\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5d29\u58de\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u9000\u7248\u5230\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f
\u6982\u5ff5
HDFS \u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8fd1\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u666e\u904d\uff1f
Hadoop \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u884d\u4f38\u5f88\u591a\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Stream Processing\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u6309\u8b9a\u6578
\u81c9\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6bcf\u500b\u8cbc\u6587\u7684\u6309\u8b9a\u6578\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6309\u8b9a\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 The Future of Data Systems\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5065\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u8cab\u7a7f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684","title":"\u8cab\u7a7f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684","text":"\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u6eff\u8db3\u8a31\u591a\u9700\u6c42\u624d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u751f\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u904b\u884c\u3002\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba
\u5bb9\u932f\u80fd\u529b\uff08Fault-tolerance\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u6b64\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u53ef\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027","title":"\u53ef\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027","text":"\u53ef\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u5373\u4f7f\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u4ecd\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u5b9a\u7fa9_\u6d41\u91cf_\uff08load\uff09\u548c_\u8868\u73fe\u80fd\u529b_\uff08performance quantitatively\uff09\u3002
\u4ee5 Twitter \u7684\u500b\u4eba\u9996\u9801\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6578\uff08percentiles\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u8868\u73fe\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u548c\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u9996\u9801\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6578\u4ecd\u4f4e\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u91cf\uff08processing capacity\uff09\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u80fd\u529b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027","title":"\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027","text":"\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u904b\u7dad\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u6e96\u6642\u3002\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u4fdd\u6301\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff08\u628a\u7dad\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b93\u5176\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u65b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u597d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff08operability\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u80fd\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u72c0\u614b\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/#\u7d50\u8ad6","title":"\u7d50\u8ad6","text":"\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u4e14\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u597d\u5ef6\u5c55\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5f15\u7528\u6578\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u8b80\u66f8\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7576\u4f5c\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\u4f86\u505a\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u2014\u96d9\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5f59\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u540d\u8a5e\u66a8\u8fad\u66f8\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7db2\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u932f\u8aa4\u4e0b\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\u7684 Consistency \u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684 Consistency\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u65bc\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u591a\u500b\u8907\u88fd\uff08Replication\uff09\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5728\u65bc\u7368\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7570\u52d5\uff08transaction\uff09\u4e26\u907f\u514d\u5176\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b8c\u6210\u6279\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4e86\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u627e\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u96a8\u8457\u6f14\u9032\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u80fd\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u505a\u597d\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u8cc7\u6599\u5927\u5230\u5fc5\u9808\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u53bb\u8655\u7406\u3001\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u7136\u800c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u6253\u7834\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u30012(3)PL \u7b49\u7b49\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u6642\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u3002 \u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4efb\u4f55\u908a\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u6389\u9810\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8b49\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u65e2\u80fd\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53c8\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684 SQL\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1f
\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u7c21\u4ecb","title":"\u7c21\u4ecb","text":"\u4e4b\u524d\u8b1b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u55ae\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u55ae\u53f0\u9084\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u6709\u5feb\u53d6\u3001\u641c\u5c0b\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u76e3\u63a7\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c \u9019\u6b21\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u985e\u5225\u4ecb\u7d39","title":"\u985e\u5225\u4ecb\u7d39","text":"\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u7bc4\u570d\u5230\u54ea\u88e1","title":"\u7bc4\u570d\u5230\u54ea\u88e1","text":"\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\u7684 MapReduce \u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\u4e86\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7c21\u55ae\u660e\u77ad\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u8f15\u6613\u66b8\u89e3\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u6703\u7c21\u55ae\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6b77\u53f2
\u4f55\u6a02\u79ae\u5728 1890 \u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6253\u5b54\u5361\u7247\u88fd\u8868\u6a5f \u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6a5f\u68b0\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u805a\u5408\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5229\u7528\u6253\u5b54\u5361\u628a\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684 MapReduce \u65b9\u5f0f\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002
\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u6b77\u53f2\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u8907\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#unix","title":"Unix","text":"\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5148\u900f\u904e GNU Coreutils \u4e86\u89e3 Unix \u958b\u767c\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230 MapReduce\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u65e5\u8a8c\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f","title":"\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f","text":"$ head -n 5 11-30.log\n2 2021-11-30T08:42:26.728Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.587Z 858.817257 400\n3 2021-11-30T08:42:26.729Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.590Z 860.616378 400\n4 2021-11-30T08:42:26.729Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.591Z 861.390112 400\n1 2021-11-30T08:42:26.726Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.592Z 865.229151 400\n2 2021-11-30T08:42:27.588Z 2021-11-30T08:42:27.596Z 7.301911 400\n\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6bcf\u6b04\u7684\u503c\u5206\u5225\u662f connection ID\u3001start time\u3001end time\u3001latency\u3001HTTP status code\u3002
# \u627e\u6700\u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\n$ cat 11-30.log | awk '{print $4}' | sort -n | head -n 5\n# \u900f\u904e less \u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b49\u78ba\u8a8d\u6c92\u554f\u984c\u5f8c\u518d\u63a5\u8457\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8017\u6642\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u91cd\u65b0\u57f7\u884c\u3002\n$ cat 11-30.log | awk '{printf \"%.0f\\n\", $4}' | less\n# \u6703\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u9577\u5c3e\u5206\u4f48\n$ cat 11-30.log | awk '{printf \"%.0f\\n\", $4}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n -k2 | head -n 20\n\u76f8\u95dc\u5c0f\u6284\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 the-art-of-command-line
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u5176\u4e2d","title":"\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u5176\u4e2d","text":"\u525b\u525b\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e sort\u3001uniq\u3001awk\u3001sed \u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u3002GNU Coreutils \u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4fbf\u662f\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u4e00\u4ecb\u9762\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f GNU Coreutils \u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\u57fa\u65bc\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u505a\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\uff1f\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0csort \u6703\u628a\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u5c0f\u4efd\u5c0f\u4efd\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u518d\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c CPU \u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u7684\uff0c \u8b93\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u5167\u5efa\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u548c\u4ed6\u4e26\u8ad6\u7684\u3002
\u5148\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167
\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u654f\u6377\u958b\u767c\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5927\u81f4\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u5927\u81f4\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u4ed6\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u55ae\u4e00\u4ecb\u9762\u4f86\u6e9d\u901a\u4e26\u9054\u6210 \u8f38\u5165=\u8f38\u51fa\uff1f\u6a94\u6848\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u900f\u904e\u50b3\u905e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff08file descriptor\uff09\u4f86\u544a\u77e5\u5c0d\u65b9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c \u7a0b\u5e8f\u518d\u524d\u5f80\u8a72\u6a94\u6848\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e
\u7576\u4ed6\u62ff\u5230\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6642\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u6703\u4e32\u6d41\u8f38\u51fa\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u904b\u7b97\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u7b97\u5b8c\u7121\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u4e32\u6d41\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5beb\u5165\u3002
Linux \u5167\u6240\u6709\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u6a94\u6848
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u5e95\u5c64\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u90fd\u662f\u6a94\u6848\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u8033\u6a5f\u900f\u904e /dev/audio \u4e0b\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\u8f38\u51fa\u3001\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e /dev/lp0 \u4e0b\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684 | \u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u50b3\u905e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7d66\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7ba1\u7dda\uff08pipeline\uff09\u3002 \u8b80\u53d6\u6a94\u6848\u6642\u518d\u628a ANSII \u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684 \\n\uff080x0A\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\uff08delimiter\uff09\u3002\u4f9d\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e00\u7b46\u300d\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\u3002
\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\uff01\u4ed6\u8b93\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u6771\u897f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5f7c\u6b64\u80fd\u9019\u9ebc\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c \u60f3\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5373\u4f7f\u90fd\u662f\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\uff08\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6216\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5f9e \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab A \u8f49\u79fb\u5230 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab B \u662f\u591a\u9ebb\u7169\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26
\u96d6\u7136\u66f4\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\u662f 0x0E\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u7d42\u9078\u64c7\u7684 \\n \u4e5f\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u548c\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u9593\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5427\u3002
HTTP \u900f\u904e URL \u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\uff08\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f domain\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec path\u3001segment \u548c query\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b93\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u6240\u6709 HTTP \u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5207\u63db\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u7ba1\u7dda\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u7db2\u7ad9\uff09\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u904e\u50b3\u9001\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff08URL\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684 BBS \u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f BNU/UUCP \u6216\u662f Fidonet \u901a\u8a0a\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7aef\u900f\u904e\u64a5\u63a5\u8edf\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u6578\u64da\u6a5f\u64a5\u53eb\u8a72 BBS \u7ad9\u53f0\u7684\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc\u4f86\u9023\u63a5\u9032\u7ad9\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u7576\u9700\u8981\u8f49\u5230\u5225\u7684\u7ad9\u53f0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u73fe\u6709\u7ad9\u53f0\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u76ee\u6a19\u7ad9\u53f0\u7684\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc\uff0c \u518d\u8f38\u5165\u7d30\u90e8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u4ee5 URL \u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f path + segment + query\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\uff1f
function getLatencyDistribution(filename) {\n const stream = readFileLineByLine(filename);\n const counter = {};\n\n for (const line of stream) {\n const latency = line.split(\" \")[3];\n const latencyInt = parseInt(latency, 10);\n counter[latencyInt] = (counter[latencyInt] || 0) + 1;\n }\n\n return Object.entries(counter)\n .map((entry) => ({ latency: entry[0], count: entry[1] }))\n .sort((a, b) => a.latency - b.latency);\n}\nJavaScript \u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6211\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u7522\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u6578\u91cf\u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u5ef6\u9072\u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c \u5c31\u8981\u9032\u53bb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u88e1\u9762\u66b8\u89e3\u6574\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u518d\u505a\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00 GNU Coreutils \u5c31\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\u4e86\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 JS \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u88e1\u9762\u4ed6\u7684 counter \u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u91cf\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u7576\u7c92\u5ea6\u8abf\u5230\u5f88\u7d30\u7684\u5fae\u79d2\u7b49\u7d1a\u6642\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u800c\u8a00 sort \u548c uniq \u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u505a\u7d00\u9304\uff08\u548c\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002
sort \u548c uniq \u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
uniq \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u53ea\u627e\u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u4f86\u505a\u8a18\u6578\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u624d\u9700\u8981\u5728 uniq \u4e4b\u524d\u5148 sort\u3002
\u800c sort \u6703\u628a\u6a94\u6848\u62c6\u6210\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\uff08\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff01\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5404\u81ea\u6392\u5e8f\u518d\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\u3002
GNU Coreutils \u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f48\u6027\u5ea6\u3002
\u900f\u904e Python \u5beb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f myProcessimport os # (1)\n\nr, w = os.pipe()\nfr = os.fdopen(r, \"r\", 1)\nfw = os.fdopen(w, \"w\")\n\nwhile fr.readable():\n output = myProcess(fr.read())\n fw.write(output)\npip install -e $LIB_FOLDER \u4f86\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e86\u3002\u7576\u7136 GNU Coreutils \u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9ede\u7684\uff1a
{print $4} \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u6f5b\u6642\u3002curl \u662f\u7528\u4f86\u547c\u53eb HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0cHTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\uff1a \u8cc7\u6599\uff08body\uff09\u3001\u6a19\u982d\uff08header\uff09\u3001\u9a57\u8b49\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528 proxy \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b GNU Coreutils \u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff1a\u9ad8\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\u3002
\u4efb\u4f55\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u53ea\u505a\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u4e26\u8f38\u51fa\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6a94\u6848\uff08\u6216\u87a2\u5e55\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u8f38\u5165\u5728\u50b3\u5165\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u640d\u58de\u3002 \u9019\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u8986\u5617\u8a66\u8abf\u6574\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7576\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\u6642\u91cd\u65b0\u5617\u8a66\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#hadoop","title":"Hadoop","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86 Unix \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u597d\u8655\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5462\uff1f
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f \u55ae\u53f0 Hadoop Unix HDFS \u7ba1\u7dda MapReduce \u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684 Unix \u5c31\u662f Hadoop
Hadoop \u5c31\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5927 Unix \u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS) \u5c31\u662f GNU Coreutils \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ba1\u7dda\u3002
\u800c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684 MapReduce \u5c31\u662f\u9019\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6846\u67b6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#hdfs","title":"HDFS","text":"HDFS \u662f\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u69cb\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u591a\u53f0\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ea4\u63db\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6a5f\u5236
\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39 MapReduce \u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u5011\u5148\u770b\u770b\u61c9\u7528
\u4f8b\u5982 Lucene/Solr \u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e MapReduce \u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09\u3002
\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u540d\u8a5e\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u7de8\u865f\u505a key-value pair\u3002 \u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u860b\u679c: 1,6 \u4ee3\u8868\u6709 \u860b\u679c \u55ae\u8a5e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6709 1,6\u3002 \u7576\u7136\u5be6\u969b\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u5305\u62ec\u6a21\u7cca\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3001\u932f\u5b57\u641c\u5c0b\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u904e\u5148\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
\u7576\u4f7f\u7528 MapReduce \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u5340\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c \u8b93\u5404\u81ea\u53bb\u5256\u6790\u51fa\u55ae\u8a5e\uff08map\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5408\u4f75\uff08reduce\uff09\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u9375\u503c\u7d44\u3002 \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u5e7e\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u53bb\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u628a\u6587\u7ae0\u62c6\u6210\u55ae\u5b57\uff0c \u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u628a\u55ae\u5b57\u505a\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6bcf\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7d44 MapReduce\u3002
\u9019\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u9032\u4f86\u7d22\u5f15\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u9762\u8c8c\u5be9\u8996\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u7576\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u7570\u52d5\u6642\uff0c \u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u518d\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff08\u70ba\u4e86\u7bc0\u7701\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u512a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u8dd1\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u55ae\u7d14\u3002
\u5f9e\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4f86\u770b\u5c0d\u65bc Map \u548c Reduce \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u76f8\u5c0d\u55ae\u7d14\u4e86\u3002
\u7576 Mapper \u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u901a\u77e5\u4e2d\u592e\u4e26\u8b93\u4e2d\u592e\u901a\u77e5 Reducer\uff0c\u9019\u6642 Reducer \u6703\u958b\u59cb\u8ddf Mapper \u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 Reducer \u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u628a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6392\u5e8f\u5c31\u53eb\u505a shuffle\uff08\u9019\u548c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u641e\u6df7\uff09\u3002
\u4e00\u7d44 Mapper \u52a0 Reducer \u7a31\u70ba\u4e00\u500b \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u6703\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS \u4e2d\u3002
\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21 Mapper \u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u90fd\u6703\u505a\u5230\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762 Unix \u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 sort\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u628a\u6392\u5e8f\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684 Reducer\u3002
\u5c31\u50cf Unix \u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7d44\u5408\u591a\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u53c8\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u6574\u4e32\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a31\u70ba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08workflow\uff09
\u7136\u800c MapReduce \u4e0d\u50cf Unix \u90a3\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u905e\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c \u4ed6\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8f38\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u5f8c\u8b93\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u5f97\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\u4f86\u50b3\u905e\u5176\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u6709\u597d\u6709\u58de\u7684\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u5e6b\u5fd9\u76e3\u7763\u9019\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u985e\u4f3c Airflow \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\uff08workflow schedular\uff09\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u806f\u5408","title":"\u806f\u5408","text":"\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u53ea\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u591a\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u806f\u5408\uff08Join\uff09\u548c\u7fa4\u7d44\uff08Group\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728 MapReduce \u4e2d\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5be6\u4f5c\uff1f
\u5716\u4e0a\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u300c\u62dc\u8a2a\u900f\u5b9a\u8def\u5f91\uff08path\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u300d\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u505a\u806f\u5408\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u62dc\u8a2a\u8def\u5f91 /x \u7684\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u70ba 1989 \u7684\u4eba\u6578\u662f x \u4eba\u300d\uff1a
\u62dc\u8a2a\u8def\u5f91 /x \u7684\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u70ba 1989 \u7684\u4eba\u6578\u662f 5 \u4eba/x 1989 5\n/x 1990 6\n/y 1991 3\n...\n\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u806f\u5408\u548c\u7fa4\u7d44\u5728 MapReduce \u4e2d\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u50cf\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e Mapper \u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u6392\u5e8f\u4e14\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a08\u7b97\u3002
\u540d\u8a5e
\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u806f\u5408\u662f\u5728\u8f38\u51fa Mapper \u4e26\u6392\u5e8f\u524d\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u53eb\u505a sort-merge joins\uff0c \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u5f97\u5230\u806f\u5408\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5728 Reducer\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a reduce-side joins\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u71b1\u9ede\u504f\u659c","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u71b1\u9ede\u504f\u659c\uff1f","text":"\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5206\u5340\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u540d\u4eba\uff0c \u9019\u4e00\u6a23\u6703\u6709\u71b1\u9ede\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a
user1 year30 /url/x \u8b8a\u6210 123 user1 year30 /url/x \u597d\u8b93\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6253\u4e82\u3002 \u7576\u6574\u5408\u597d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u900f\u904e user1 \u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Mapper \u9019\u908a\u505a\u806f\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u5408\u5c31\u53eb\u505a map-side join\u3002
Map-side join \u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u548c\u4e0d\u505a\u806f\u5408\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00 Reduce-side join \u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6703\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u806f\u5408\u7684\u9375\u3002 \u4f46\u662f Map-side join \u537b\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u806f\u5408\u8868\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c Hive \u7684 metastore \u548c Hadoop \u7684 HCatalog \u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u806f\u5408\u8868\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u96e3\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u806f\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u51fa\u5148\u9ad8\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982 Pig\u3001Hive \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u63d0\u5230\uff09\uff0c \u5728\u5e95\u5c64\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u52d5\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#vs-mpp","title":"v.s. MPP","text":"\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6709\u63d0\u5230 Massive Parallel Processing(MPP) \u55ce\uff1f \u4ed6\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5206\u5340\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8655\u7406\u5404\u81ea\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5169\u8005\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5427\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb","text":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u751f\u7684\uff08Raw\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc MPP \u662f\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u7684\uff08schema\uff09
\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u751f\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4ed4\u7d30\u800c\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5132\u5b58\uff0c \u7576\u672a\u4f86\u9700\u8981\u8f49\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u58fd\u53f8\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Sushi\uff09\uff1a \u751f\u7684\u6bd4\u719f\u7684\u597d\u5403\u3002\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u7a31\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u6e56\uff08Data lake\uff09\u6216\u4f01\u696d\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132\uff08enterprise data hub\uff09\u3002
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u8f49\u6210\u4efb\u610f\u683c\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u8de8\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5c31\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u9054\u6210\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 \u5718\u968a A \u60f3\u8981\u62ff \u5718\u968a B \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u95b1\u8b80\u7e41\u7463\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8f49\u63db\u52a0\u901f\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u958b\u767c\u3002
\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64 Hadoop \u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc ETL \u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u4efb\u4f55\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c \u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u628a\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032 HDFS\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528 MapReduce \u8f49\u6210\u9700\u8981\u7684 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u683c\u5f0f\u4e26\u7f6e\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5bb9\u932f\u6027","title":"\u5bb9\u932f\u6027","text":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230 roll back\u3002
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u9069\u5408\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u63a8\u85a6\u7cfb\u7d71\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u7522\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\uff1a \u6211\u5229\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\uff08SOT\uff09\u7522\u51fa\u4e00\u7d44\u65b0\u7684\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\uff08Derived data\uff09\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7de8\u865f\u548c\u63a8\u85a6\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u7684\u9375\u503c\u7d44\u3002\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u4efb\u4e00\u53f0\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b80\u53d6\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u641c\u5c0b\u3002 \u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7d44\u65b0\u7684\u7522\u51fa\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5207\u63db\u5230\u820a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684 roll back \u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u9019\u4e9b\u6a94\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\uff1a
\u9019\u6a23\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u7570\u65bc\u4ee5\u524d MPP\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5f8c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u78ba\u5be6\u88ab\u7570\u52d5\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u91cd\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u5236","title":"\u91cd\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u5236","text":"\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u6b21\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f8c\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u628a\u8f38\u51fa\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57f7\u884c\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u8907\u904b\u884c\u8a72\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u7570\u65bc MPP \u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u6368\u68c4\uff08abort\uff09\u8a72\u8acb\u6c42\u6216\u8005\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u505a\uff08\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5230\u9019\u9ebc\u5bb9\u932f\u55ce\uff1f\u96fb\u8166\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5e38\u58de\u6389\u55ce\uff1f
\u56e0\u70ba\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u4f4e\u65bc\u8655\u7406\u7dda\u4e0a\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u7dda\u4e0a\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5728\u5171\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u96f2\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u540c VM\uff09\u6703\u628a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08priority\uff09\u8abf\u4f4e\uff0c \u7576\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u9ad8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08CPU/\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
\u4ee5 Google \u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u6709 5% \u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c0e\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u8dd1\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 MapReduce \u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7d50\u675f\u90fd\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS \u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u5408\u7406\u591a\u4e86\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u597d\u5e7e\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u4e2d\u65b7\u6642\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u91cd\u8907\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u6703\u5f88\u6d6a\u8cbb\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5c0f\u7bc0","title":"\u5c0f\u7bc0","text":"\u9762\u5411 \u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406 MPP \u8cc7\u6599 \u751f/\u539f\u59cb \u7d50\u69cb\u5316 \u7522\u51fa \u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599 \u5831\u8868 \u5fa9\u539f \u8f15\u6613 \u8f03\u96e3 \u5f48\u6027 \u9ad8 \u4f4e \u76f4\u89c0 \u4f4e \u9ad8 \u5bb9\u932f \u5bb9\u6613 \u539f\u5b50\u6027MPP \u548c MapReduce \u7684\u5dee\u7570
\u6211\u5011\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u5169\u8005\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u5176\u5be6\u76f8\u5c0d\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5f85\u6703\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\uff08dataflow engine\uff09\u6642\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u6703\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u96a8\u8457\u6f14\u9032\uff0c \u6279\u6b21\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c MPP \u5176\u5be6\u6b63\u4e92\u76f8\u5b78\u7fd2\u8457\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff08\u5c31\u597d\u50cf CISC/RISC \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#vs-unix","title":"v.s. Unix","text":"\u518d\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e00\u4e0b MapReduce \u548c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684 Unix \u5427\uff01
\u76f8\u6027\u6027\uff1a
\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027
\u6709\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u4e0d\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff08deterministic\uff09\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5916\u90e8\u8cc7\u6e90\u6216\u96a8\u6a5f\u72c0\u614b\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u4fdd\u8b49\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\uff08\u7121\u6cd5\u8f15\u6613\u91cd\u8a66\uff09\u4e86\u3002
\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff1a
{print $4}\uff0c\u800c\u662f {print $latency}\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0 MapReduce \u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u614b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\uff1aSpark, Tez, Flink\u3002
\u7570\u65bc MapReduce \u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u6574\u5408\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7576\u6210\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08job\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\uff08dataflow engine\uff09\u3002 \u55ae\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6703\u6709\u591a\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff08operator\uff09\u5c31\u50cf MapReduce \u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a
\u56de\u61b6\u4e00\u4e0b\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u610f\u7fa9
\u8a18\u5f97\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\uff1a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u584a\u4e00\u584a\u4e1f\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc0\u9ede\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff08\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff09\u6703\u6ce8\u5165\u9032\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u5340\u8b93\u4ed6\u904b\u7b97\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#vs-mapreduce","title":"v.s. MapReduce","text":"\u9019\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u548c MapReduce \u5dee\u7570\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\uff1a
\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u6703\u4e1f\u9032 HDFS \u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u7576\u6709\u7bc0\u9ede\u5931\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u5340\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982 Spark \u4f7f\u7528 Resilint Distributed Dataset(RDD)\u3001Flink \u5b9a\u671f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6aa2\u67e5\u9ede\uff08checkpoint\uff09\u3002
\u900f\u904e\u77ad\u89e3\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0a\u4e00\u52d5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f38\u51fa\u5f9e\u54ea\u908a\u62ff\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-batch/#\u5176\u4ed6\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"\u5176\u4ed6\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u6279\u6b21\u904b\u7b97\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u65bc\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u95dc\u6ce8\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\uff1a
less \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u8dd1\u5b8cMPP \u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5dee\u7570
\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce\u548c MPP \u6b63\u4e92\u76f8\u5b78\u7fd2\uff1a
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u6392\u7a0b\u6253 API\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\uff0c\u8b93\u591a\u500b\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5e73\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u672c\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u5f9e\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u6574\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u80cc\u5f8c\u63a8\u52d5\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u4e0d\u904e\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u90fd\u5047\u8a2d\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e94\u767e\u842c\u7b46\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31 50TB \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6bcf\u5206\u6bcf\u79d2\u90fd\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c \u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7b97\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\uff1f
\u9019\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u3002
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HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u4e32\u6d41","title":"\u4e32\u6d41","text":"\u4e32\u6d41\uff08stream\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u3002
Stream v.s. Read/Write
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u89f8\u7db2\u8def\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c \u6211\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a94\u6848\uff08\u6216\u7db2\u8def\uff09\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u8f38\u51fa\u51fd\u5f0f \uff08\u4f8b\u5982 PHP \u548c JS\uff09\u7528 stream \u5f88\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u7528 read/write \u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u5e79\u561b\u641e\u500b\u65b0\u540d\u8a5e\u3002
\u5176\u5be6\u7528 stream \u66f4\u80fd\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\uff1a\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u9ede\u50b3\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9001\u51fa\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528 stream \u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7591\u554f\u7e3d\u5728\u4e0d\u7d93\u610f\u9593\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6210\u5f62","title":"\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6210\u5f62","text":"\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u9280\u884c\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\uff1f
\u7576\u4f60\u5e33\u6236\u6709\u554f\u984c\u6253\u53bb\u7d66\u9280\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u6839\u64da\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e33\u6236\u5c31\u662f 300 \u584a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u932f\u4f60\u7684\u5e33\u6236\u76ee\u524d\u5c31\u662f 300 \u584a\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4f60\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u8cb7\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u9322\uff0c \u5e33\u6236\u5f9e\u591a\u5c11\u9322\u8b8a\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u9322\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u975e\u5f9e\u96fb\u8166\u6642\u4ee3\u624d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\uff0c \u4ee5\u524d\u5ba2\u670d\u54e1\u624b\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u62ff\u8457\u4e00\u672c\u5e33\u55ae\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e0d\u6703\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7570\u52d5\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u8a72\u7570\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u932f\u7684\uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u5f9e\u4e2d\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5e33\u6236\u5f9e\u591a\u5c11\u9322\u8b8a\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u9322\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5f80\u4e0a\u8ffd\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u73fe\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304\u300d\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u7d00\u9304\u4e00\u822c\u7a31\u70ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e32\u6d41\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684","title":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684","text":"\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c31\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u9019\u4e9b\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f8c\u7684\u300c\u72c0\u614b\u300d\uff08\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff09\u3002
\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u505a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6539\u8b8a\uff08\u5ea7\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u6eff\u4e86\u8a02\u7968\u5931\u6557\u6216\u8005\u8cfc\u7269\u8eca\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u589e\u52a0\u5f8c\u53c8\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u65e6\u7522\u751f\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u7570\u52d5\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u96b1\u79c1\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u8feb\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff09\uff0c \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u300c\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u537b\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5169\u8005\u662f\u76f8\u8f14\u76f8\u6210\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7522\u751f\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u518d\u5f9e\u72c0\u614b\u7522\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 MVCC\uff09\u6216\u8005\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Git\uff09\u80cc\u5f8c\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u7c21\u55ae\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u60f3\u60f3\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u7576\u9818\u8896\u6536\u5230\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u6703\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u4e1f\u9032\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u5404\u500b\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u6703\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u4e9b\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7570\u52d5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300d\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u5728\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u5ee3\u64ad\u63d0\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u5354\u8abf\u8005\u6703\u628a\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u544a\u77e5\u7d66\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c \u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9806\u5e8f\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u5404\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u548c\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u5dee\u7570","title":"\u548c\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u5dee\u7570","text":"\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u7372\u5f97\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u7522\u751f\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c \u9019\u4e9b\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u5225\u7a31\u70ba \u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff08consumer, subscriber, recipient\uff09\u548c \u767c\u5e03\u8005\uff08publisher, sender, producer\uff09\u3002
\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6703\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u8f38\u51fa\u6210\u4e00\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\uff0c \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u6279\u6b21\u7a0b\u5e8f\u628a\u9019\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\u7576\u6210\u8f38\u5165\uff08\u6216\u806f\u5408\u8868\uff09\u9032\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7684\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u548c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4efd\u300c\u6a94\u6848\u300d\u5728\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \u4e32\u6d41 \u6216 \u4e3b\u984c\uff08stream, topic\uff09\u3002
trigger \u4e5f\u662f\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406
\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709 trigger \u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u8b93\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b8a\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c \u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c \u4e14 trigger \u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u548c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e5f\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u8b93\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u6211\u8a72\u591a\u4e45\u548c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f \u800c\u9019\u554f\u984c\u5e38\u5e38\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7576\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u8b8a\u591a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u5fd9\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u5bb9\u932f","title":"\u5bb9\u932f","text":"\u7576\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\uff1a
\u5fc5\u8981\u6027
\u6709\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528\u5141\u8a31\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u932f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 metric \u6f0f\u6389\u4e00\u5169\u5206\u9418\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u5982\u4f55\u50b3\u9001\u4e8b\u4ef6","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u50b3\u9001\u4e8b\u4ef6","text":"\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u548c\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u50b3\u905e\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6709\uff1a
\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9001\u7d66\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u9ede
\u76f8\u95dc\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\uff1a
\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9001\u5230\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\uff08broker, queue\uff09
\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u6703\u628a\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5f9e \u767c\u5e03\u8005 \u79fb\u8f49\u5230 \u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005 \u672c\u8eab\uff0c \u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u95dc\u5fc3\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u5e03\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
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CDC\uff08Change data capture\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u548c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b ETL \u5f88\u50cf\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u900f\u904e WAL\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u65e5\u8a8c \u4e26\u4e32\u6d41\u51fa\u8cc7\u6599\u800c\u975e\u6279\u6b21\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u5716\u4e0a\u7684\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u900f\u904e WAL\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u65e5\u8a8c \u4e32\u6d41\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c \u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u9806\u5e8f\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u524d\u505a\u6536\u96c6\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u505a\u597d\u9806\u5e8f\u7684\u6392\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba CDC \u662f\u7570\u6b65\u7684\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u6703\u7b49\u5230\u78ba\u8a8d\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u78ba\u5be6\u6536\u5230\u624d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u505a\u4e8b\uff09 \u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002
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\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u652f\u63f4\u7576\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\u88ab\u7570\u52d5\u6642\u8f38\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a
CREATE TABLE products EXPORT TO TARGET offsiteprod\n ON INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE\n [ ... ];\n\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u548c CDC
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\uff08Event Sourcing\uff0cDomain-Driven Design \u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u7528\u8a5e\uff09\u548c CDC \u5f88\u50cf\uff0c \u90fd\u662f\u50b3\u905e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7d66\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u50cf CDC \u662f\u76e3\u807d\u6bcf\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\uff08\u5728\u65e5\u8a8c\u5c64\u7d1a\u4e2d\uff09 \u4e26\u628a\u8a72\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8f49\u6210\u901a\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u7d66\u5916\u90e8\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u7576\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u7db2\u9801\u4e0a\u9ede\u64ca\u9000\u51fa\u9078\u4fee\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6642\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c31\u6703\u7d00\u9304\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300c\u5b78\u751f A \u9000\u51fa \u8ab2\u7a0b B\u300d\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u76e3\u807d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u57f7\u884c\u79fb\u9664 \u5b78\u751f A \u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u5b78\u5206\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c \u6709\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u76e3\u807d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u8b93\u6b63\u5728\u6392\u968a\u9078\u4fee \u8ab2\u7a0b B \u7684 \u5b78\u751f B \u6210\u529f\u9078\u4fee\u8a72\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u6a23\u7528\u65bc CDC \u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aid=A;class=null\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cCDC \u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u7570\u52d5\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e14\u8cc7\u8a0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u7d30\uff1b \u53cd\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c \u50be\u5411\u65bc\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u4e26\u8b93\u4efb\u4e00\u7a2e\u76ee\u7684\uff08Domain-Driver \u7684\u7531\u4f86\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u4ed6\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\uff0cCDC \u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u58d3\u7dca\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08\u9650\u5236\u76f8\u540c key \u7684\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u6578\u91cf\uff09\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u7167\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u6839\u64da\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5feb\u7167\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u800c\u975e\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u3002
\u8a72\u4e0d\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528 CDC \u505a Event sourcing\uff1f
StackOverflow \u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6eff\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u9054\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c","title":"\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u9054\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c","text":"\u900f\u904e\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u4f60\u7684\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u66f4\u65b0\u4f60\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982 Druid \u900f\u904e Apache Kafka\uff08\u65e5\u8a8c\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\uff09\u8caf\u5b58\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u5ba2\u5236\u8cc7\u6599\u9762\u8c8c\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7a31\u70ba Command Query Responsibility Segregation(CQRS)\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9","title":"\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9","text":"\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8f03\u719f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u5728\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u6b63\u898f\u5316\uff08normalization\uff09\u6642\u505a\u5f88\u591a\u722d\u8faf\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316\uff0c \u4f46\u53c8\u900f\u904e\u8ffd\u8e64\u6a5f\u5236\uff08fan-out\uff09\u7dad\u6301\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3002
\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u548c\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u540c\u6b65\u591a\u8655\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u540c\u6b65\u591a\u8655\u7570\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u540c\u6642\u7570\u52d5\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u500b\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\uff09\u6642\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u5c31\u6703\u76f8\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7570\u52d5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u9000\u9078\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff09\u5728\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9644\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","title":"\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","text":"\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u548c\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08job, operator\uff09\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u591a\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5354\u4f5c\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8b1b\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6c92\u63d0\u5230\u50cf\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u90a3\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u54ea\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u54ea\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u300c\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u524d\u9762\u6709\u63d0\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002 \u524d\u9762\u5169\u500b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u89c0\u9ede\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5f9e\u539f\u53e4\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u8907\u5408\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406","title":"\u8907\u5408\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406","text":"\u8907\u5408\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\uff08CEP\uff09\u5f88\u50cf Regular Expression\uff0cCEP \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7be9\u9078\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c \u81ea 1990 \u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6709\u50cf SQL \u90a3\u6a23\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5 \uff08\u5982 CEL\uff09 \u4e5f\u6709 GUI \u5de5\u5177\u3002
example in CELselect *\nfrom MeasurementCreated e\nwhere getNumber(e, \"c8y_Temperature.T.value\") > 100\n\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u5916\u90e8\u8f38\u5165\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9032\u4f86\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4e3b\u3001\u641c\u5c0b\u662f\u5ba2\uff09\uff0c CEP \u6703\u8b93\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5b58\u9032\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u8f38\u5165\u9032\u7bc0\u9ede\uff08\u641c\u5c0b\u662f\u4e3b\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5ba2\uff09\u3002 \u6709\u6642\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u904e\u9019\u500b\u641c\u5c0b\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6703\u5148\u7d93\u904e \u7d22\u5f15 \u518d\u8dd1\u7be9\u9078\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 Elasticsearch \u7684 percolate\u3002
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\u4e0d\u50cf CEP \u9019\u7a2e\u7be9\u9078\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u9593\u5167\u6574\u5408\u591a\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u8f38\u51fa\u6210\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","title":"\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","text":"\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\uff1a\u6642\u9593 \u548c \u806f\u5408\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u8a72\u9078\u54ea\u500b\u6642\u9593","title":"\u8a72\u9078\u54ea\u500b\u6642\u9593\uff1f","text":"\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57f7\u884c\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5c31\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u905e\u5ef6\u9072\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\u6709\u6642\u5f9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9001\u4f86\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u6e96\u78ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u5f88\u591a\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u624b\u6a5f\u9023\u5230 Wifi \u5f8c\u624d\u6703\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9001\u7d66\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u88dd\u7f6e\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u624b\u52d5\u6539\u6642\u9593\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u54ea\u500b\u6642\u9593\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u3002
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0930-0935\u30010935~0940\u3001...\u30020930~0937\u30010936~0943\u3001...\u30020930~0935 \u4e2d\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f 09:31:11 \u6700\u665a\u7684\u662f 09:34:44 \u9019\u6642\u7a97\u683c\u5c31\u662f 09:31:11~09:34:44\u3002\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u5c31\u6709\u5728\u8655\u7406\u806f\u5408\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u806f\u5408\uff08join\uff09\u6642\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u806f\u5408\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u671f","title":"\u806f\u5408\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u671f\uff1f","text":"\u6709\u6642\u5019\u5728\u806f\u5408\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u671f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8cfc\u7269\u5546\u57ce\u5728\u7d50\u5e33\u6642\u6703\u52a0\u4e0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7a05\u7387\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u7a05\u7387\u662f\u7d50\u5e33\u77ac\u9593\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u7576\u5929\uff09\u7684\u7a05\u7387\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u904e\u4e86\u5e7e\u5929\u67d0\u570b\u7684\u7a05\u7387\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c \u5728\u5f8c\u53f0\u7d71\u8a08\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u71df\u6536\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u932f\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u6703\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u503c\uff08slowly changing dimension, SCD\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6539 key-value \u7684\u503c\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u8981\u518d\u6ce8\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u4e26\u8ce6\u4e88\u65b0\u7684\u7de8\u865f\u907f\u514d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u800c\u975e\u7570\u52d5\u820a\u503c-- \u4e0d\u61c9\u7528 UPDATE\uff1a\n-- UPDATE dim_tax\n-- SET tax=15\n-- WHERE country = 'Taiwan'\nINSERT dim_tax (country, tax, date) VALUES\n('Taiwan', 10, '2000-01-01'),\n('Taiwan', 15, '2009-01-01');\n\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230 \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002
\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d50\u679c\u8f38\u51fa\u5230 HDFS \u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u904b\u7b97\u6642\u91cd\u65b0\u62ff\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u5462\uff1f
Apache Spark \u4f7f\u7528 Microbatching \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u7576\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c0f\u7684\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u505a\u5b8c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u4e00\u4e9b\u5099\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u6642\u9593\u7a97\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 \u7ffb\u8f49\u6642\u9593\u7a97\u3002 \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00 Apache Flink \u900f\u904e\u5b9a\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u6aa2\u67e5\u9ede\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u548c Microbatching \u5f88\u50cf\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7a97\u3002
\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u8981\u8b93\u904b\u7b97\u662f\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\uff08idempotent\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u904b\u7b97\u76f8\u540c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u8981\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u9019\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u904b\u7b97\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u593e\u5e36\u6642\u9593\u6216\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u8981\u8b93\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u593e\u5e36\u9019\u4e9b\u503c\u3002 \u5c31\u7b97\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 x=x+1\uff09\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d00\u9304\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u4ee5\u65e5\u8a8c\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\uff09\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u65b0\u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u81f3\u65bc\u91cd\u5efa\u72c0\u614b\u524d\u9762\u5c31\u6709\u63d0\u4e86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u907f\u514d\u5f9e\u958b\u5929\u95e2\u5730\u7684\u6642\u5019\u91cd\u4f86\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u58d3\u7dca\u65e5\u8a8c\u3001 \u5efa\u7acb\u984d\u5916\u5099\u4efd\u4e3b\u984c\u3001 \u5feb\u7167\u9032 HDFS\u3001\u591a\u5e7e\u500b\u505a\u4e00\u6a23\u4e8b\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u8b93\u975e\u51aa\u7b49\u8a08\u7b97\u8b8a\u6210\u51aa\u7b49
\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ad6\u6587\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u975e\u51aa\u7b49\u8a08\u7b97\u8b8a\u6210\u51aa\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/derived-stream/#\u7d50\u8ad6","title":"\u7d50\u8ad6","text":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8cab\u7a7f\u672c\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u548c\u4ee5\u5f80\u300c\u7dad\u6301\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u8ce6\u4e88\u8cc7\u6599\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u9762\u76f8\u300d\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u6a5f\u5236\u60f3\u8981\u6df1\u5165\uff0c \u63a8\u85a6\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u74b0\u5883","text":"\u672c\u7ae0\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u6642\u9418\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 \u7684\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
\u6211\u5011\u6709\u63d0\u904e\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u8b93\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5931\u53bb\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u55ae\u53f0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u554f\u984c\u3002
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\u55ae\u53f0\uff08HPC\uff09 \u5206\u6563\u5f0f \u5168\u932f or \u6b63\u5e38 \u90e8\u5206\u932f\u4e14\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c \u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u932f \u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u932f offline online\u2014\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u505c\u6a5f \u7dda\u8def\u6e9d\u901a \u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a checkpoint retry\u6bd4\u8f03\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u548c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5dee\u7570
\u55ae\u53f0\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u6a5f\u5668\uff08High-Performance Computer, HPC\uff09\u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u786c\u9ad4\u3001\u97cc\u9ad4\u3001\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8981\u9ebb\u6210\u529f\uff08\u5f97\u5230\u9810\u671f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u8981\u9ebb\u5931\u6557\uff08\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u76f4\u63a5\u4e2d\u65b7\uff09\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7c21\u4ecb","title":"\u7c21\u4ecb","text":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6210\u672c\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ca0\u8377\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u904e\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u5c0e\u81f4\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u6bd4\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u66f4\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e0a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u9418\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u8981\u554f\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u660e\u660e\u5728\u66f4\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u537b\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u548c\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f
\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u5354\u5b9a\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52d9\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5b50\u5c64\uff08service, in OSI\uff09\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7dad\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002
\u4e00\u500b HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728
\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u5728\u548c\u5b50\u5c64\u6e9d\u901a\u6642\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u66f4\u4e0b\u5c64\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u7d42\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6392\u932f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7576\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u6c92\u56de\u61c9\u6642\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8acb\u6c42\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
\u597d\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90
\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a Computer Communication \u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8981\u55ae\u55ae\u4e86\u89e3 OSI \u4e0d\u540c\u5c64\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u6982\u7565\u57fa\u790e\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7cfb\u5217\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5802\u8ab2 Fundamentals of Network Communication
\u6642\u9418\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff01\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u518d\u7d30\u8ac7\uff0c\u5148\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6df1\u5165\u4e00\u4e0b\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","title":"\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def","text":"\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u4f86\u5230\u300c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u7db2\u8def\u9047\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u3002
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\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u903e\u6642\u6a5f\u5236\uff08Timeout\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u662f\u7121\u754c\u7684\uff08unbounded\uff09\uff1f
\u6211\u6709\u5beb\u4e86\u7bc7\u7db2\u8def\u600e\u9ebc\u50b3\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u7d30\u7684\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","title":"\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c","text":"\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff1a
\u505c\u96fb\u3001\u5730\u5c64\u4e0b\u9677\u3001\u559d\u9189\u7684\u5361\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u5716\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\u65bc\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0
Coda Hale \u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8ac7
In my limited experience I\u2019ve dealt with long-lived network partitions in a single data center (DC), PDU failures, switch failures, accidental power cycles of whole racks, whole-DC backbone failures, whole-DC power failures, and a hypoglycemic driver smashing his Ford pickup truck into a DC\u2019s HVAC system. And I\u2019m not even an ops guy.
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u5b9a","title":"\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u5b9a","text":"\u9019\u500b\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002
\u55ae\u7d14\u8edf\u9ad4\u9762\u6709 bug\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u95b1\uff1a
\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u7db2\u8def\u9047\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff1f
\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u554f\u984c\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u6216\u56de\u4f86\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5ef6\u9072\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u3001\u907a\u5931\u3002
\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u4e00\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u8acb\u6c42\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u54ea\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\u9020\u6210\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0b\u7dda\u4e86","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0b\u7dda\u4e86","text":"\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5
FIN \u6216 RST\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u903e\u6642\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u903e\u6642\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7db2\u8def\u4ed6\u6700\u9577\u6703\u591a\u4e45\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u7db2\u8def\u6700\u4e45\u6700\u4e45\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u5728\u5341\u79d2\u5167\u56de\u6211\uff1a\u4ed6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u76ee\u6a19\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u903e\u6642\u6a5f\u5236\u4e86\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u4f86\u4e86\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u662f\u7121\u754c\u7684\uff08unbounded\uff09\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u662f\u7121\u754c\u7684","title":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u662f\u7121\u754c\u7684","text":"\u7db2\u8def\u5c01\u5305\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6392\u968a\u7684\uff0c\u96d9\u5411\u90fd\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6392\u968a\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\uff1a
Packet Switching Networks Algorithms \u548c Stop Rate Limiting
\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6392\u968a\u7684\uff1f\u60f3\u60f3\u624b\u6a5f\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u8a71\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f
\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u6703\u8ac7\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u662f\uff1a\u96fb\u8def\u4ea4\u63db\uff08circuit switching\uff09 v.s. \u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\uff08packet switching\uff09
\u800c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7db2\u8def\u6700\u7d42\u9078\u64c7\u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u6b0a\u8861\u8003\u91cf\u3002
\u82e5\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c55\u958b\u4f86\u770b\u624b\u6a5f\u901a\u8a71\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u9023\u7dda\u4e2d\u4f54\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u983b\u5bec\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6a5f\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u4f86\u6436\u9019\u983b\u5bec\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u4ed6\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002
\u624b\u6a5f\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7dda\u8def\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u8a0a\u865f\u8981\u50b3\u905e\u4e5f\u6703\u4f54\u7528\u983b\u5bec\uff0c\u7576\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u6642\u5019\u53c8\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u4f54\u7528\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u983b\u5bec\uff0c\u786c\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6574\u9ad4\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u53ea\u9700\u628a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u5f80\u5f8c\u9001\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u7dad\u6301\u9023\u7dda\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8def\u7531\u5668\u88ab\u7279\u5b9a\u9023\u7dda\u5361\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8b93\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u8f49\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u800c\u975e\u7dad\u6301\u9023\u7dda\u3002
\u4e0a\u9762\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u662f\u884c\u52d5\u901a\u8a0a\u548c\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\uff0c\u82e5\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u5247\u6703\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\u548c\u7dda\u8def\u4ea4\u63db\u5206\u5225\u7a31\u70ba Datagram subnet \u548c Virtual-circut subnet\uff0c\u5176\u6bd4\u8f03\u70ba\uff1a
issue Datagram virtual-circuit circuit setup Not needed required State information Routers do not hold state information about connections Each VC requires router table space per connection Routing Each packet is routed independently Route choosen when VC is set up; all packets follow it Effect of router failures None, except for packets lost during the crash All VCs that passed through the failed router are terminated Quality of services Difficult Easy if enough resources can be allocated in advance for each VC Congestion control Difficult Easy if enough resources can be allocated in advance for each VC Implement Internet Protocal, IP Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM\u5c01\u5305\u4ea4\u63db\u548c\u7dda\u8def\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03
\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8b70\u984c\u4f86\u512a\u5316\u4f60\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u901f\u5ea6\u751a\u81f3\u9650\u7e2e\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u641c\u5c0b\u3001\u6392\u968a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u7de9\u885d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6642\u9418","title":"\u6642\u9418","text":"\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u5c0d\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u91cd\u8981\u55ce\uff1f
\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u6642\u9418\u300d\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u5169\u7a2e\u6642\u9418","title":"\u5169\u7a2e\u6642\u9418","text":"\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8ac7\u8ad6\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6642\u9418\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u3002
\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u6703\u56de\u61c9\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u9ede\u56db\u5341\u5206\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u6642\u9418\u7684\u503c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u503c\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u503c\u5dee\u4e94\u767e\u5948\u79d2\uff08\u6839\u64da\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5dee\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba 500 \u6216\u8005 0.5\uff09\u3002
\u908f\u8f2f\u6642\u9593\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u6703\u53d7\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b CPU \u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u76e1\u91cf\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u6bcf\u6b21\u5b58\u53d6\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u500b CPU \u7684\u503c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u76f8\u95dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","title":"\u76f8\u95dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","text":"\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e5f\u6703\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u6642\u9593\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c API\u3002
\u5728\u8b1b\u5230\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8ac7\u5230\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u6821\u6642\u7684\u3002Network Time Protocol\uff08NTP\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6821\u6642\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u5354\u5b9a\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5148\u8ac7\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u600e\u9ebc\u6821\u6642\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684","title":"\u7576\u65e5\u6642\u9418\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684","text":"\u77f3\u82f1\u9707\u76ea\u5668\uff08Crystal Oscillator, CSO, XO\uff09\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u9593\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u8aa4\u5dee\u7684\u3002\u6839\u64da Google \u8abf\u67e5\u5167\u90e8\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u6703\u6709 200 ppm \u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5929 17 \u79d2\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002
\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u900f\u904e\u548c CPU \u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u7372\u5f97\u5176\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a
# \u8a2d\u5b9a ah \u7684\u503c\u70ba 44, 0x2c\nmov ah 2ch\n# interupt \u81f3 OS\uff0833, 0x21\uff09\uff0cOS \u5f97\u77e5 ah \u7684\u503c\u70ba 44 \u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u6642\u9593\u8a0a\u606f\nint 21h\nNTP \u662f\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u56de\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u4f86\u5f97\u77e5\u7bc0\u9ede\u548c\u4e2d\u539f\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f NTP \u5728\u6821\u6642\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u52d5\u4e00\u9ede\u7136\u5f8c\u9010\u6f38\u9760\u8fd1\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u9664\u4e86 NTP \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6821\u6642\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u7684\u6210\u672c\u90fd\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u4f86\u7dad\u904b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u7cbe\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u91cd\u8981\u55ce","title":"\u7cbe\u6e96\u6642\u9593\u91cd\u8981\u55ce\uff1f","text":"note: \u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u7bc0\u9ede\u6642\u9593\u662f\u4e0d\u6e96\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u55ce\uff1f
\u9664\u4e86\u5716\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8b1b\u8655\u7406\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6709\u63d0\u5230 \u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u300c\u5171\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6642\u9593\u4fe1\u4efb\u5340\u9593","title":"\u6642\u9593\u4fe1\u4efb\u5340\u9593","text":"\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u7372\u5f97\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u905e\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8981\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6642\u9593\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5148\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5340\u9593\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
$ curl https://what-time-is-it\n{\n \"confidence\": 95.123,\n \"start\": \"10:00:00.000\",\n \"end\": \"10:00:00.100\"\n}\n\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7570\u65bc\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u8981\u7372\u5f97\u6642\u9593\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Date.now\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7d66\u4e88\u6642\u9593\u5b9a\u503c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u900f\u904e\u4fe1\u4efb\u5340\u9593\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
Google Spanner \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u5617\u8a66\u900f\u904e\u89e3\u6c7a\u6642\u9418\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e14\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
Info
\u53ef\u7121\u9650\u64f4\u5145\u4e26\u5177\u5099\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u96f2\u7aef\u539f\u751f\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u9ad8\u9054 99.999%\u3002\uff08\\(\\dfrac{60*24*365}{100,000}=5.256\\)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u8b49\u6bcf\u5e74\u50c5\u6709\u4e94\u5206\u9418\u7684\u7121\u6cd5\u670d\u52d9\u6642\u9593\uff09
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b Google Spanner \u7684\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u96e3\u4f46\u662f\u6eff\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff1a
\u7f3a\u9ede\u7576\u7136\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u5728 Google \u96f2\u7aef\u5be6\u8e10\uff08\u9700\u8981\u597d\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u52a0\u4e0a\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"\u597d\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b93\u4f60\u5728\u6709\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\u5373\u6642\u77e5\u9053\u73fe\u5728\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6642\u9593\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6771\u897f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c11\u53bb\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002
\u88ab\u5ef6\u5b95\u4e86\u4ee3\u8868\u8acb\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u903e\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5982\u679c\u8003\u616e Timeout \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u5c31\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-env/#\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c","title":"\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\uff1f","text":"server.on(\"request\", async (req) => {\n // \u9818\u8896\u624d\u6703\u6709\u9396\n const lock = await getLeaderLock();\n\n if (lock.isMine()) {\n // \u6709\u6642\u9650\u4ee5\u5229\u91cd\u9078\u9818\u8896\n await lock.renewIfNeeded();\n } else if (req.willModifiy()) {\n // \u6536\u5230\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u8f49\u9001\u7d66\u9818\u8896\n return transferToLeader(req);\n }\n\n return handler(req);\n});\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u662f\u7528\u5728_\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896_\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u7576_\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005_\u6536\u5230\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u6703\u8f49\u9001\u7d66\u9818\u8896\u3002\u800c\u5224\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u9818\u8896\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9396\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u5230\u9396\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u70ba\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u79fb\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9396\u662f\u6709\u6642\u9650\u7684\u3002
\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f86\u4e86\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u57f7\u884c handler \u6642\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u88ab\u5ef6\u5b95\u8d85\u904e\u6642\u9650\u4e86\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f
\u9019\u500b\u9818\u8896\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u53c8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u6703\u9020\u6210\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684_\u5fa9\u6b0a_\uff08split brain\uff09\u554f\u984c\u3002
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\u600e\u9ebc\u5728 \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 \u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
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\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u5ef6\u5b95
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\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u5e8f\u7684\u5ef6\u5b95\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u4e00\u7bc0\u9ede\u7a81\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u3002 \u9694\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a72\u7bc0\u9ede\u6062\u5fa9\u6b63\u5e38\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8907\u6b0a\uff08split brain\uff09\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-ft/#\u7dda\u6027\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u7dda\u6027\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u53e2\u96c6\u57f7\u884c\u5f97\u50cf\u662f\u7dda\u6027\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u5148\u524d\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u5f88\u50cf\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u3002
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Info
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\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u6982\u62ec\u9019\u7ae0
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u2014\u5206\u5340","text":"\u5206\u6563\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u9650\u5236\u5730\u6210\u9577\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
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\u8907\u88fd\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u591a\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5206\u5340\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u62c6\u6210\u591a\u500b\u3002
\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6771\u897f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8907\u88fd\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u7dad\u6301\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u8655\u7406\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u540c\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002 \u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5206\u5340\u5247\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u8981\u6d41\u9032\u54ea\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1f\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u57f7\u884c\u5206\u6790\u985e\u578b\uff08OLAP\uff09\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff1f \u5728\u6b0a\u8861\u4e0a\uff0c\u8907\u88fd\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff1b\u5206\u5340\u5247\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff1f
\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cfc\u7269\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u4f48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f88\u9ad8\u5e73\u8861\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u524d\u5341\u7b46\u7d00\u9304\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1b \u53cd\u4e4b\u7167\u9806\u5e8f\u5132\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u641c\u5c0b\u8cfc\u7269\u8a18\u9304\u6642\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ea\u6703\u627e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u8b93\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u843d\u5728\u64c1\u6709\u8f03\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002 \u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u9ad8\u5e73\u8861\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6bcf\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6709\u4e8b\u505a\uff1b\u9ad8\u9023\u7e8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u8b8a\u55ae\u7d14
\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u8d95\u5de5\u548c\u5206\u5340\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u5728\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u555f\u6216\u65b0\u589e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u5f9e 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 2010 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3 NoSQL \u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c \u958b\u59cb\u8003\u616e\u66f4\u6613\u64f4\u589e\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u95dc\u6ce8\u9019\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u9664\u4e86 NoSQL\uff0cHadoop \u67b6\u69cb\u7684 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5230\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u6703\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39 Hadoop \u7684\u6642\u5019\u7528\u5230\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f OLTP \u6216\u8005 OLAP \u90fd\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u3002
\u5206\u5340\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u8a5e\u5f88\u591a\uff1apartition, shard, region, tablet, vnode, vBucket
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u4e09\u5927\u554f\u984c","title":"\u4e09\u5927\u554f\u984c","text":"\u4e0b\u9762\u4f9d\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u5206\u5340","title":"\u5206\u5340","text":"\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u8b93\u4ed6\u53bb\u54ea\u4e00\u5340\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50","title":"\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50","text":"\u4eba\u529b\u9280\u884c\u767b\u5165\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u5b57\u865f\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u8981\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u64da\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u5b57\u865f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8fd1\u54ea\u500b\u5206\u5340\u3002
\u9ad8\u5e73\u8861\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6bcf\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6709\u4e8b\u505a\uff1b\u9ad8\u9023\u7e8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u8b8a\u55ae\u7d14
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\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aTwitter 3% \u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5c08\u9580\u66ff Justin Bieber \u670d\u52d9
Info
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Cassandra \u548c Riak \u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6216\u624b\u52d5","title":"\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6216\u624b\u52d5","text":"\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u8017\u6642\u8017\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\uff0c\u6c92\u7528\u597d\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\uff1a \u56e0\u7bc0\u9ede\u5fd9\u788c\u65bc OLTP \u548c\u5e73\u8861\u5206\u5340\u5c0e\u81f4\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u6700\u7d42\u88ab\u8feb\u9000\u51fa\u6642\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u5206\u5340\u5c0e\u81f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u5176\u4ed6","title":"\u5176\u4ed6","text":"Parallel Database Systems
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\u9019\u6771\u897f\u6703\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\uff08batch processing\uff09\u548c\u6392\u7a0b\u8655\u7406\uff08cron-job\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f MPP \u4e0d\u540c\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5206\u985e\uff1a
Category Example Systems in this Category Classic Aster nCluster, DB2 Parallel Edition, Gamma, Greenplum, Netezza, SQL Server Parallel Data Warehouse, Teradata Columnar Amazon RedShift, C-Store, Infobright, MonetDB, ParAccel, Sybase IQ, Vec- torWise, Vertica MapReduce Cascading, Clydesdale, Google MapReduce, Hadoop, HadoopDB, Hadoop++, Hive, JAQL, Pig Dataflow Dremel, Dryad, Hyracks, Nephele, Pregel, SCOPE, Shark, Spark/Massively Parallel Databases and MapReduce Systems
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\u672c\u5730\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u53eb document index\uff1b \u5168\u57df\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u53eb term index\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u672c\u5730\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u672c\u5730\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u6211\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u505a\u597d\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8981\u900f\u904e\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff08\u4ee5\u5716\u4e0a\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u641c\u5c0b\u300c\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u8eca\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u641c\u5c0b\u4e00\u904d\u3002
Info
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u900f\u904e\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u6703\u53eb\u505a scatter/gather\u3002
\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u505a\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e3b\u9375\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u8eca\u524d\u7db4\u52a0\u500b r\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210_\u71b1\u9ede_\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6703\u9055\u80cc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5929\u751f\u9650\u5236\uff08constrant\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u52a0\u7684 ID\u3002
Example
MongoDB Riak\u3001Cassandra\u3001Elasticsearch\u3001SolrCloud\u3001VoltDB \u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u5168\u57df\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u5168\u57df\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u53e6\u5916\u66ff\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15\u589e\u52a0\u5206\u5340\u908f\u8f2f\uff08\u4ee5\u5716\u4e0a\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u7d05\u8272\u8eca\u7684 ID \u6703\u9032\u5230_\u5206\u5340 1_\uff09
\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53bb\u627e\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u7bc0\u9ede\u53bb\u627e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u627e\u904e\u4e00\u904d\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u5beb\u5165\u6642\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u767c\u751f\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \u5171\u8b58 \uff09\u3002
Example
Riak\u3001Oracle data warehous\u3001Amazon DynamoDB \u90fd\u6709\u984d\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u9078\u9805\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u5efa\u7acb\u984d\u5916\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u9019\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072","title":"\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ea\u56e0\u70ba\u5ef6\u9072\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8907\u88fd\u6703\u5ef6\u9072\u3001\u7576\u57f7\u884c\u591a\u5206\u5340\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5728\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u56e0\u70ba\u5ef6\u9072\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\u50c5\u8ac7\u5230\u300c\u5ef6\u9072\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u8ac7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u61c9\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u9700\u8981 \u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5 \u4f86\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9001\u7d66 Follower2 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5fa9\u539f Follower1 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u8b80\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u8b80\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u8907\u88fd\u5ef6\u9072\u5c0e\u81f4\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u300c\u8b80\u4f60\u5beb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08read-your-own-write\uff09\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5229\u7528\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u907f\u514d\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u505a\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5340\u6709\u4e0d\u540c Leader\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8212\u7de9\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6","title":"\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6","text":"\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6\uff08monotonic-read\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9019\u6b21 session \u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0 replica \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u662f replica \u4e0d\u80fd\u670d\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u767c\u751f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u9806\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u8b80\u53d6","title":"\u9806\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u8b80\u53d6","text":"\u9806\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u8b80\u53d6\uff08consistent prefix read\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9762\u55ae\u8abf\u8b80\u53d6\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u662f\u7279\u6307\u5206\u5340\u6642\u767c\u751f\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u6df7\u4e82\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u6b21\u63d0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u3002
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f
\u9019\u6a23\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5728\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u56de\u5230\u6700\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a \u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08eventually consistency\uff09\u55ce\uff1f
\u662f\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9054\u6210\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5f88\u591a\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u72a7\u7272\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff08\u5171\u8b58\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u72a7\u7272\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5462\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-partition/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u6703\u91cd\u898b\u65bc_\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406_\u4e2d\uff0c\u5230\u6642\u6703\u518d\u628a\u9019\u4e3b\u984c\u91cd\u65b0\u6293\u51fa\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u2014\u8907\u88fd","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5099\u4efd\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u8907\u88fd\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e09\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a
\u55ae\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u5176\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u9019\u6b21\u8ac7\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9593\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5169\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u88ab\u71d2\u5f97\u7cbe\u5149\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u884c\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5171\u4eab\u67d0\u7a2e\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u6216\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6a5f\u623f\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u529b\u4f86\u6e90\u3002
\u6703\u63a1\u7528\u7121\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u64f4\u589e\u6027\u548c\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6210\u672c\u50c5\u50c5\u53ea\u662f\u7dda\u6027\u6210\u9577\u800c\u5df2\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u8981\u8b93\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u9075\u5b88\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u9019\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u662f
Info
\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684 (OLTP)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u96e3\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u505a\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5169\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff1a
\u8907\u88fd\u9700\u8981\u505a\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53d6\u6368\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7af6\u8cfd\u554f\u984c\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u53d6\u6368\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5354\u8abf\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u6eff\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u5169\u5168\u5176\u7f8e\uff1f
\u5206\u5340\u6703\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 1-50 \u653e\u5728 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab 1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 51-100 \u653e\u5728 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab 2\u3002\u5176\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u5354\u4f5c\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5169\u8005\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u5340\u5206\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4efb\u4e00\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u4efb\u4e00\u5206\u5340\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u6982\u7565\u5716","title":"\u6982\u7565\u5716","text":"\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u5206\u5340\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u6703\u540c\u6642\u5229\u7528\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u5225\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a
\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6b21\u6703\u5148\u4ecb\u7d39\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u4ecb\u7d39\u5206\u5340\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u90fd\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u4f86\u5bb9\u7d0d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u600e\u9ebc\u8907\u88fd","title":"\u600e\u9ebc\u8907\u88fd\uff1f","text":"\u4e2d\u6587 \u7d71\u4e00 \u5176\u4ed6 \u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896 leader/follower master/slave(standby), active/passive, primary/secondary \u591a\u9818\u8896 multi-leader master/master, active/active \u7121\u9818\u8896 leaderless dynamo-style\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c0d\u61c9\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\uff1a\u9818\u8896\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u70ba\u653f\u3001\u5354\u8abf\u8005\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90fd\u6703\u7d71\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u3001\u591a\u9818\u8896\u3001\u7121\u9818\u8896\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u548c\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u5404\u81ea\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u6b0a\u8861\u3002
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u8d95\u5de5\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
\u8d95\u5de5\uff08catch up\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505c\u6b62\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\uff08\u7528\u4f86\u7dad\u4fee\u6216\u610f\u5916\u7684\u58de\u6389\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u8ddf\u4e0a\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5f9e\u820a\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6216\u8005\u5f9e\u5b8c\u5168\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a
\u81f3\u65bc\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5206\u5340\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u7121\u9818\u8896\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u540c\u7570\u6b65\u653e\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8003\u616e\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5be6\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7570\u65bc\u6709\u9818\u8896\u6642\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u7d14\u7570\u6b65\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896","title":"\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896","text":"\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08leader\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08follower\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u540c\u6b65\u8cc7\u6599\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u4e0a\u5716\u4e2d\u7684 Replication streams \u5373\u662f\u5728\u9818\u8896\u5f97\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\uff0c\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\uff0c \u81f3\u65bc\u300c\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u63d0\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b0a\u8861\u3002
\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u662f\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u8d95\u5de5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e09\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5206\u5225\u662f
\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u54ea\u7a2e\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u3001\u591a\u9818\u8896\u3001\u7121\u9818\u8896\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u9818\u8896\u5247\u628a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u6311\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8907\u88fd\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\uff08OLTP\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u8907\u88fd\u904e\u53bb\u5f8c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u8b93\u4ed6\u628a\u6700\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u88dc\u4e0a\u3002
\u6a5f\u5236\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u9762\u5169\u52d5\uff1a\u88dc\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u6649\u5347\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u9818\u8896\u91cd\u555f","title":"\u9818\u8896\u91cd\u555f","text":"\u7576\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c \u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db\uff08failover\uff09\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u9806\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f GitHub \u9047\u5230\u9818\u8896\u91cd\u555f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6368\u68c4\u5c1a\u672a\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1
\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u9375\u6709\u905e\u589e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91cd\u555f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u905e\u589e\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u540c\u7570\u6b65","title":"\u540c\u7570\u6b65","text":"\u540c\u7570\u6b65\u662f\u9700\u8981\u505a\u6b0a\u8861\u7684\u3002
\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6703\u8b93\u6f5b\u6642\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u82e5\u58de\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5168\u90e8\u8cc7\u6599\u7121\u6cd5\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u7576\u521d\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002
\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7570\u6b65\u53c8\u6703\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6703\u7834\u58de\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8f9b\u82e6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u8b93\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002
\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u53d6\u5176\u5e73\u8861\u4f7f\u7528\u534a\u540c\u6b65\uff08semi-synchronous\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e0a\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u90fd\u63a1\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7570\u6b65\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c","title":"\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c","text":"\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9818\u8896\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u5230\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u6642\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6b0a\u8861\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u6c92\u63d0\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u5230\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a
NOW()\u3001RAND()\u3001AUTO_INCR() \u7b49\u7b49\u3002WHERE <some condition>\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u70ba\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u5c0e\u81f4\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002UPDATE users SET age = age + 10 WHERE age < 10 \u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u50b3\u905e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ID \u548c\u5176\u66f4\u65b0\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6709 MySQL \u7684 binlog\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u65b9\u4fbf\u900f\u904e ETL \u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u88fd\u4f5c\u5176\u4ed6 \u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599 \u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08data center\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u6703\u76f8\u8ddd\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9069\u5408\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4e00\u53f0\u5728\u76f8\u8ddd\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u9818\u8896\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u884c\u7684\u5f88\u9806\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\u5167\u7684\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u591a\u9818\u8896","title":"\u591a\u9818\u8896","text":"\u5982\u679c\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u80fd\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u89ba\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u9818\u8896\u8b8a\u6210\u591a\u500b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5f88\u591a\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9019\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u7576\u6709\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8acb\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9810\u8a2d\u652f\u63f4\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 MySQL \u7684 Tungsten Replicator\u3001PostgreSQL \u7684 BDR\u3001Oracle \u7684 GoldenGate
\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b8c\u6709\u9818\u8896\u6642\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684_\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c_\u548c_\u540c\u7570\u6b65_\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u8457\u91cd\u5728\u591a\u9818\u8896\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u3002
\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u662f\uff1a
\u5728\u6548\u80fd\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b8a\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u64d4\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u628a\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u6bd4\u8f03\u8fd1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
\u5728\u5bb9\u932f\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u653e\u5728\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4efb\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u640d\u5bb3\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u505c\u64fa\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u56e0\u70ba\u9818\u8896\u5931\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u670d\u52d9\u7d42\u6b62\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u8896\u6703\u5e6b\u5fd9\u5206\u64d4\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u7b49\u5f85\u5931\u80fd\u9818\u8896\u88ab\u66ff\u63db\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u58de\u8655","title":"\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u58de\u8655","text":"\u4ed6\u6703\u7834\u58de\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u539f\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u52a0\u7684 ID\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u9650\u5236\uff08constraints\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u5165\u6642\u52e2\u5fc5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5169\u500b\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u885d\u7a81\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a02\u7968\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u591a\u9818\u8896\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u5e38\u767c\u751f","title":"\u591a\u9818\u8896\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u5e38\u767c\u751f","text":"\u4f8b\u5982\u624b\u6a5f\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u66c6\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4ecd\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d00\u9304\u884c\u7a0b\u65bc\u65e5\u66c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0a\u7dda\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6574\u5408\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7b46\u96fb\uff09\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u3002
\u9019\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u591a\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5ef6\u9072\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u5e7e\u79d2\u800c\u662f\u597d\u5e7e\u5929\u3002CouchDB \u5c31\u662f\u5c08\u9580\u8a2d\u8a08\u8655\u7406\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c31\u662f\u7de8\u8f2f\u7dda\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Google Doc/HackMD\u3002\u76f4\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7de8\u8f2f\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8a72\u7dda\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6\u6703\u6a19\u793a\u54ea\u500b\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u54ea\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u540c\u6642\u7de8\u8f2f\u76f8\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u9020\u6210\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u62d3\u64b2","title":"\u62d3\u64b2","text":"\u7576\u9818\u8896\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u500b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u3002
MySQL \u9810\u8a2d\u50c5\u652f\u63f4\u74b0\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\uff0c\u800c\u74b0\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\u548c\u661f\u72c0\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u6a39\u72c0\uff09\u62d3\u64b2\u6703\u8ce6\u4e88\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e00\u500b ID\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8907\u88fd\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5404\u81ea\u7684 ID\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u8dd1\u904e\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u907f\u514d\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u4e1f\u9032\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u8f2a\u8ff4\u4e2d\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u74b0\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\u548c\u661f\u72c0\u62d3\u64b2\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u500b\u7f3a\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u62d3\u64b2\u65b7\u7dda\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5927\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u4ed6\u5fa9\u539f\u3002
\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\uff0call-to-all\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5bb9\u6613\u6703\u9700\u8981\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u9019\u554f\u984c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u4e5f\u6709\u62d3\u64b2","title":"\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u4e5f\u6709\u62d3\u64b2","text":"\u9664\u4e86\u591a\u9818\u8896\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u62d3\u64b2\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f Replication Chain\uff08RC\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81","title":"\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u591a\u9818\u8896\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c","title":"\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c","text":"\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u4e82\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u4f9d\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9020\u6210\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u66ff\u5404\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6dfb\u52a0 ID\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf","title":"\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u4e8b\u60c5\u8b8a\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u60f3\u50cf\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\u5c31\u4e0d\u96e3\u4e86\u3002
[milk]\uff0c\u5b9a\u5176\u70ba\u7248\u672c\u4e00[eggs]\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 [milk]\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6574\u5408\u5169\u8005\u6210\u70ba [eggs, milk][milk, flour]\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u4e8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 [eggs]\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6574\u5408\u5169\u8005\u6210\u70ba [milk, flour, eggs][eggs, milk, ham] \u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u4e09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 [milk, flour]\uff0c\u4e26\u6574\u5408\u6210 [eggs, milk, ham, flour][milk, flour, eggs, bacon, ham]\u900f\u904e\u8ce6\u4e88\u5404\u500b\u5beb\u5165\u8acb\u6c42\u4e00\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u593e\u5e36\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f86\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6574\u4f75\uff08\u6216\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b93\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6574\u4f75\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u7576\u767c\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u4e82\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7248\u672c\u53bb\u6574\u5408\u885d\u7a81\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u64f4\u589e\u5230\u591a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\uff08version vector\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u3002
Info
\u7248\u672c\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u6642\u9418\u5411\u91cf\uff08vector clocks\uff09\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6642\u9418\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8b93 \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 \u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u905e\u589e\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u518d\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/distributed-replication/#\u7121\u9818\u8896","title":"\u7121\u9818\u8896","text":"\u524d\u9762\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u9818\u8896\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u900f\u904e\u5354\u8abf\u8005\uff09\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u5230\u5168\u90e8\uff08\u6216\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
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Network Attached Storage(NAS)\u00a0\u21a9
Storage Area Network(SAN)\u00a0\u21a9
\u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
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\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c \u5e38\u898b\u7684 SQL \u662f \u5ba3\u544a\u5f0f\uff08\u5ba3\u544a\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c \u5176\u4ed6\u9084\u6709\u50cf\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e00\u6a23\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u5f48\u6027\u7684 \u547d\u547d\u5f0f\uff08\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b \u8ddf\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u6cc1\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\u7684 \u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\uff08\u4e0d\u5beb\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u662f\u5beb\u908f\u8f2f\uff09\u3002
\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f
\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u641c\u5c0b\u300c\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u4f46\u662f\u642c\u53bb\u53f0\u5357\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u300d\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u544a\u8a34\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4f4f\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u300d \uff08\u544a\u77e5\u908f\u8f2f\u800c\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cedge=born \u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc if (edge=born) return true;\uff09 \u9084\u6709\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u642c\u53bb\u53f0\u5357\u300d\uff08edge=migration, node=Tainan\uff09\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 \u5716\u50cf\u5f0f \u548c \u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f \u641c\u5c0b\uff1f
\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u7528 \u95dc\u806f\u5f0f \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8868\u793a \uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \u67d0\u5730 \u5305\u542b\u65bc \u67d0\u5e02 \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u5728 \u95dc\u806f\u5f0f \u4e2d\u6703\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5bb9\u6613\u5197\u9577\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u3002\u800c \u5716\u50cf\u5f0f \u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u53c8\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u505a\u6210 \u5ba3\u544a\u5f0f \u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002
\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u628a\u7126\u9ede\u5f9e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u653e\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8981\u5f9e\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u62ff\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c \u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u5728\u832b\u832b\u8cc7\u6599\u6d77\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\uff1f\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5148\u5f9e \u6563\u5217\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15 \u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e key-value \u7d44\u5408\u5efa\u69cb\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c \u4f9d\u6b64\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684 \u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868 \u5247\u662f\u5229\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u9032\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u5229\u7528\u786c\u9ad4\u5929\u751f\u9069\u5408\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u7dca\u58d3\uff08compaction\uff09\uff0c \u4fdd\u6301\u6392\u5e8f\u4e14\u7dca\u5bc6\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u9069\u5408\u5beb\u5165\u548c\u8b80\u53d6\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u63d0\u5e38\u898b\u7684 b-tree \u548c\u5176\u8207\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
\u4e86\u89e3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u600e\u9ebc\u5feb\u901f\u62ff\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u884c\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u641c\u5c0b\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7bc4\u570d\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9019\u500b\u6708\u7684\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u641c\u5c0b\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba OLAP\u3002 \u9019\u6bb5\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u600e\u9ebc\u548c\u5e95\u5c64 OS \u548c\u786c\u9ad4\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e26\u512a\u5316\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
\u4e86\u89e3\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u600e\u9ebc\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u6a5f\u6e9d\u901a\uff1a \u7de8\u78bc\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684 JSON/CSV/XML \u4e0d\u592a\u9069\u5408\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u843d\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u80a5\u5927\u548c\u4e0d\u6613\u6f14\u9032\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u6703\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u9700\u8981\u9069\u61c9\u6f14\u9032\u3002 \u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f Apache Avro \u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u6f14\u9032\u548c\u7121\u7db1\u76ee\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236","title":"\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236","text":"\u4e26\u884c\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u72c0\u614b\u51fa\u932f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u6642\u6709\u4eba\u8a02\u7968\u3002\u5728\u55ae\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c \u8070\u660e\u7684\u958b\u6cd5\u8005\u5617\u8a66\u628a\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u3002 \u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u5169\u9805\u4fdd\u8b49\uff1a
\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u554f\u984c\u6b98\u7559\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56de\u5230\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a","title":"\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a","text":"\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff08isolation\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5be6\u4f5c\u6642\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7709\u7709\u89d2\u89d2\u66f4\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c0d\u65bc\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u8d8a\u5f37\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u64c1\u6709\u8d8a\u5f37\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08consistency\uff09\uff1a
\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08no-dirty-read + no-dirty-write\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u4e2d\u6700\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u52a0\u9396\uff08\u53ea\u52a0\u5beb\u5165\u7684\uff09\u8b93\u5169\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u9593\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6613\u5f8c\u624d\u6574\u5408\u9032\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u907f\u514d\u4ea4\u6613\u9593\u770b\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c1a\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\uff1a\u7576 \u4ea4\u6613A \u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613B \u5b8c\u6210\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f71\u97ff \u4ea4\u6613A \u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff08\u56e0\u70ba \u4ea4\u6613B \u5b8c\u6210\u63d0\u4ea4\u6703\u8b93\u65b0\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u901a\u904e \u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 \u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 MVCC\uff0c\u66ff\u6bcf\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u958b\u59cb\u7576\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8b80\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u4e00\u57f7\u884c\u5e8f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Redis\uff09\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6548\u80fd\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u53d7\u5230\u786c\u789f\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c2PL \u900f\u904e\u8b93\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u4e5f\u52a0\u4e0a\u9396\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f OLTP \u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u8b80\u53d6\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u5feb\u7167\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\uff08SSI\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u6548\u7387\u53c8\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f03\u65b0\uff0c\u5f85\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8003\u9a57\u8b93\u9019\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5206\u5340\u548c\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u5e6b\u5fd9\u3002
\u8907\u88fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u61c9\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u5fd9\u3002\u540c\u6642\u900f\u904e\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u65bc\u5404\u500b\u8907\u88fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u6709\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u8d8a\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u6703\u72a7\u7272\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u7368\u7acb\u5beb\u5165\u548c\u6574\u5408\u8b80\u53d6","title":"\u7368\u7acb\u5beb\u5165\u548c\u6574\u5408\u8b80\u53d6","text":"\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u7570\u8cea\u9593\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u539f\u672c\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u5206\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u61c9\u7528\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u4f86\u5206\u6563\u7d66\u5404\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u73fe\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\uff08micro service\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u7a31\u5176\u70ba database-inside-out\uff08\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u62ff\u51fa\u4f86\uff09\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u5404\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a5f\u5236\u6eff\u8db3\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u9664\u4e86\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u4e00\u4ecb\u9762\u8b80\u53d6\u9019\u4e9b\u7570\u8cea\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 PostgreSQL \u7684 foreign data wrapper \u5c31\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u7a2e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u662f MPP \u88e1\u9762\u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u500b\u5206\u5340\u57f7\u884c\u6574\u5408\u641c\u5c0b\u3002
\u7136\u800c\u6574\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u601d\u8003\u7576\u67d0\u7bc0\u9ede\u5931\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u7136\u5f8c\u6574\u5408\u6642\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u767c\u73fe\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\uff1f\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0d\u9700\u8003\u616e\u8eab\u70ba\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u4ecb\u9762\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u601d\u8003\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 differential dataflow\u3002
\u4e0a\u9762\u5169\u5f35\u5716\u4f86\u6e90\u662f Samza \u5831\u544a\u7c21\u5831\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f 54 \u9801\u548c 57 \u9801\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027","title":"\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027","text":"\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5230\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e09\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d0d\u9032\u53e2\u96c6","title":"\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d0d\u9032\u53e2\u96c6","text":"\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u61c9\u7528\u90fd\u6703\u7b49\u5f85\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e\u700f\u89bd\u53bb\u6216\u8005\u624b\u6a5f\u61c9\u7528\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5982\u679c\u5f8c\u7aef\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5373\u6642\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u7b49\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u52d5\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u6216\u8005\u767c\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5f8c\u7aef\u4e3b\u52d5\u767c\u9001\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u7d66\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002
\u82e5\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7576\u6210\u670d\u52d9\u5916\u7684\u7aef\u9ede\u800c\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u5167\u7684\u7aef\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5148\u524d\u5728\u65e5\u8a8c\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u63d0\u5230\u7684 \u504f\u79fb\u91cf \u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u6bcf\u500b\u7dda\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7576\u4e0b\u4ed6\u8ddd\u96e2\u6700\u65b0\u72c0\u614b\u591a\u9060\u3002\u7576\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u767c\u9001\u7d66\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53c8\u4f55\u5617\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6700\u671f\u671b\u7684\u55ce\uff1f
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u592a\u7fd2\u6163\u8acb\u6c42\uff0f\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0f\u76f8\u95dc\u5957\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u578b\u614b\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u9032\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u9632\u8b77","title":"\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u9632\u8b77","text":"TCP \u548c HTTP \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002TCP \u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5c01\u5305\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\uff0f\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u7576\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u907a\u5931\u6642\u6368\u68c4\u8acb\u6c42\u3001Timeout \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9084\u662f\u5f97\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\uff1aRetry\u3001Timeout \u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5169\u7aef\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u7a31\u70ba\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u9632\u8b77\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
TCP \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4fdd\u8b77\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u3001WAL \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5f97\u505a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a
\u7576\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u904b\u7b97BEGIN TRANSACTION;\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 21 WHERE account_id = 1234;\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 21 WHERE account_id = 4321;\nCOMMIT\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u88dd\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6703\u9047\u5230\u4f60\u932f\u8aa4\u91cd\u8907\u5bc4\u9001\u8acb\u6c42\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6309\u4e86\u5169\u6b21\u6309\u9215\uff09\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u5efa\u7acb\u552f\u4e00\u7684 request_id \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884cALTER TABLE requests ADD UNIQUE (request_id);\n\nBEGIN TRANSACTION;\n\nINSERT INTO requests (request_id, from_account, to_account, amount) VALUES ('some-unique-id', 4321, 1234, 21)\n\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 21 WHERE account_id = 1234;\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 21 WHERE account_id = 4321;\nCOMMIT\n\u5982\u679c\u8981\u907f\u514d\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u96dc\u6e4a\uff09\u5230\u8acb\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684 Unique Constraint \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6a5f\u5236\u5230\u4e86\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6642\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u8896\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5169\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u8896\u53bb\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u9019\u6a23\u591a\u9818\u8896\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f
\u9664\u4e86\u8907\u88fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53e2\u96c6\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5169\u500b\u5e33\u865f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42 ID \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5340\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u5be6\u4f5c\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u5206\u5340\u78ba\u4fdd Unique Constraint\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5168\u57df\u9806\u5e8f\u5ee3\u64ad\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u908a\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/farewell/#\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u9632\u8b77","title":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u9632\u8b77","text":"\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8a3b\u518a\u5e33\u865f\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ea\u6703\u7533\u8acb\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5e33\u865f\u540d\u7a31\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u65e5\u8a8c\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u548c\u4e00\u7d44\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u7684\u5206\u5340\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u5e33\u865f\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u500b\u96dc\u6e4a\uff09\u7684\u7533\u8acb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5340\uff0c\u8b93\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u7dad\u6301\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u7533\u8acb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8207\u5426\u8f38\u51fa\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u6e90\u505a\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u9806\u5e8f\uff1a
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\u7c3d\u8b49\u900f\u660e\u5316
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","text":"\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f-oltpolap-\u548c-dwh","title":"\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f OLTP\u3001OLAP \u548c DWH","text":"\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c0d\u65bc\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u7fa4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u505a\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba \u7dda\u4e0a\u7570\u52d5\u8655\u7406 \uff08online transaction processing, OLTP \uff09\u3002
\u65e9\u671f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u5546\u52d9\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u820a\u7a31\u300c\u4ea4\u6613\u300d\uff08transaction\uff09\u3002
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5e6b\u52a9\u670d\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5beb\u5165\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u7dda\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u8655\u7406 \uff08online analytic processing\uff0c OLAP\uff09\u3002
\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u548c OLTP \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u53bb\u505a\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5009\uff08Data Warehouse\uff0cDWH\uff09\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u6e05\u695a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5206 OLTP \u548c OLAP\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u5c6c\u6027 \u7dda\u4e0a\u7570\u52d5\u8655\u7406 \u7dda\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u8655\u7406 \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f \u5c0f\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e14\u900f\u904e\u9375\u7be9\u9078 \u805a\u5408\uff08aggregate\uff09\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599 \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f \u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u96a8\u6a5f\u5beb\u5165 \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5927\u91cf\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u900f\u904e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d41\u5165 \u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65bc \u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 \u5167\u90e8\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6c7a\u7b56 \u8cc7\u6599\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc \u6700\u65b0\u72c0\u614b \u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5927\u5c0f GB~TB TB~PB"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"OLTP \u985e\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u88ab\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8655\u7406\u9019\u985e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6703\u63a5\u89f8\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\uff08index\uff09\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u3002 \u9019\u985e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u5f9e\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u627e\u5c0b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6 \uff08seek time\uff0c \u627e\u5c0b\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002
OLAP \u985e\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8f03\u5c11\u88ab\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u985e\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u6bd4 OLTP \u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u985e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u65bc\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u7684\u983b\u5bec \uff08bandwidth\uff0c\u8b80\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132_1","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","text":"\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53bb\u6eff\u8db3\u5404\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u66ff\u540c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4eba\u529b\u9280\u884c\u7684
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3 OLTP \u4f4e\u6f5b\u6642\u6027\uff0c \u7576\u4f60\u8981\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u53bb\u641c\u96c6\u5168\u57df\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab DBA \u62d2\u7d55\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u540c\u6642\u6eff\u8db3\u7dda\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\u7684\u6578\u64da\u722c\u53d6\uff0c \u9019\u6642 \u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5009\uff08Data Warehouse\uff0cDWH\uff09\u4fbf\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002
\u5176\u7279\u6027\u6703\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u5b9a\u6642\uff08periodic data dump\uff09\u6216\u6301\u7e8c\uff08continuous stream of updates\uff09\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u64f7\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u4e26\u5b58\u5165\u9069\u5408\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff08schema\uff09\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8907\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7a31\u4f5c\u8403\u53d6\u3001\u8b8a\u63db\u53ca\u8f09\u5165\uff08Extract\u2013Transform\u2013Load\uff0c ETL\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u9019\u985e\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u96d6\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206 DW \u90fd\u662f\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c \u5176\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u7b97\u908f\u8f2f\u537b\u548c\u5e38\u898b\u7684 OLTP \u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u5834\u57df\u505a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u512a\u5316\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u540c\u6642\u6eff\u8db3 OLTP \u548c OLAP\u3002
Dedicated\uff0c\u737b\u8eab\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7522\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u53bb\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5c08\u5fc3\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u5b83\u505a\u597d\u3002 \u5fae\u670d\u52d9\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u4e00\u4e9b-dw-\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u4e00\u4e9b DW \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff08schema\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
\u4ee5\u66f8\u4e2d\u7bc4\u4f8b\u505a\u4ecb\u7d39\uff1a
\u5728\u7d30\u770b\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8868\uff08table\uff09\u7684\u524d\u7db4\u8a5e\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
dim \u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u7dad\u5ea6\uff08dimension\uff09\u7684\u8868fact \u5c55\u793a\u6240\u6709\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u8868\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5716\u7247\u70ba\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u9867\u5ba2\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u63a8\u5ee3\u6d3b\u52d5\u7b49\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e8b\u5be6\u8868\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u800c fact_sales \u5c31\u662f\u92b7\u552e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u8a72\u8868\u7d00\u9304\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u92b7\u552e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u3002
\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u5c0d\u7167\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u7684\u5916\u5340\u9375\uff08foreign key\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8a72\u300c\u9867\u5ba2\u300d\u65bc\u8a72\u300c\u5546\u5e97\u300d\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8a72\u300c\u7522\u54c1\u300d\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u539f\u50f9\u3001\u552e\u50f9\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u82e5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d30\u7bc0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8a72\u8868\u683c\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u5c6c\u6027\uff08property\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u6578\u767e\u7a2e\u5c6c\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u96ea\u82b1\u7db1\u76ee","title":"\u96ea\u82b1\u7db1\u76ee","text":"\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u661f\u72c0\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u7522\u54c1\u8868\u300d\u53c8\u6703\u6709\u5916\u5340\u9375\u9023\u5230\u300c\u54c1\u724c\u8868\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7a2e\u985e\u8868\u300d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u6bd4\u8f03_1","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u661f\u72c0\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176
\u5728\u4e00\u822c OLAP \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u8b80\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u683c\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u5047\u65e5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7279\u5b9a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff1a
SELECT\n dim_date.weekday, dim_product.category,\n SUM(fact_sales.quantity) AS quantity_sold\nFROM fact_sales\n JOIN dim_date ON fact_sales.date_key = dim_date.date_key\n JOIN dim_product ON fact_sales.product_sk = dim_product.product_sk\nWHERE\n dim_date.year = 2013 AND\n dim_product.category IN ('Fresh fruit', 'Candy')\nGROUP BY\n dim_date.weekday, dim_product.category;\n\u7531\u6b64\u4f8b\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u7279\u6027\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u50c5\u62ff\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c \u662f\u5426\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u505a\u529f\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u8d77\u5f9e\u78c1\u789f\uff08disk\uff09\u4e2d\u8b80\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\uff1f
\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u6709\u597d\u5e7e PB\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u767e\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u300c\u5c0f\u7f3a\u9ede\u300d\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u653e\u5927\u3002
\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08column-oriented storage\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u751f\uff0c \u6211\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5217\uff08row\uff09\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u505a\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6539\u70ba\u6bcf\u884c\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8b80\u53d6\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9069\u5408\u505a\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u8b1b\u89e3\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002 Parquet \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5 Google's Dremel paper \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
\u9019\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u548c\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u689d\u4ef6\u5728 OLAP \u662f\u7b26\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4e0d\u6703\u522a\u9664\u4efb\u4e00\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u58d3\u7e2e","title":"\u58d3\u7e2e","text":"\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6d77\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u800c OLAP \u9084\u6709\u500b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u884c\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7522\u54c1\u6578\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u6578\u842c\u6216\u6578\u5341\u842c\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a02\u55ae\u537b\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u5104\u7b46\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u70ba\u884c\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u70ba\u884c\uff08\u7570\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6bcf\u7b46\u8a02\u55ae\u90fd\u4ee5\u5217\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b04\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a
\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f \u8a02\u55ae 1 \u8a02\u55ae 2 \u8a02\u55ae 3 ... 1 1 0 1 ... 2 0 1 0 ... 3 0 0 0 ... ... - - - ...\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a
\u8a02\u55ae 1 \u8cfc\u8cb7 \u7522\u54c1 1\u8a02\u55ae 2 \u8cfc\u8cb7 \u7522\u54c1 2\u8a02\u55ae 3 \u8cfc\u8cb7 \u7522\u54c1 1\u6b64\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u58d3\u7e2e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u5404\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5404\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\uff0c\u5c55\u958b\u6210\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u800c\u5df2\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4f4d\u5143\u6620\u5c04\uff08bitmap encoding\uff09\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba OLAP \u7684\u7279\u6027\u8b93\u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u591a\u500b\u70ba 0 \u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c \u6b64\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u5ea6\u7de8\u78bc\uff08run-length encoded\uff09\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e\u3002
\u800c\u5c55\u958b\u6210\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u5229\u65bc\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u55ae\u7d14\u900f\u904e OR AND \u53bb\u505a\u8a08\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
WHERE product_sk IN (30, 68, 69)\n\u6211\u5011\u8b80\u53d6\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u4f4d\u5143\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c 30\uff0c68 \u548c 69 \u5217\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u62ff\u51fa\u4e09\u6bb5\u4f4d\u5143\u5411\u91cf\uff08bit vector\uff09\u505a\u4f4d\u5143\u9593\u7684 OR \u904b\u7b97\u3002
WHERE product_sk = 31 AND store_sk = 3\n\u6211\u5011\u8b80\u53d6\u4f4d\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5143\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c 31 \u5217\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b80\u53d6\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u5143\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c 3 \u5217\u505a\u4f4d\u5143\u9593\u7684 AND \u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u9019\u985e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u540c\u6b65\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u9806\u5e8f\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5217\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6b04\u4f4d\uff08\u6bcf\u500b\u8a02\u55ae\u90fd\u6709\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u7de8\u865f\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002
\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u58d3\u7e2e\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b The Design and Implementation of Modern Column-Oriented Database Systems. Ct4-2\u3002
Column Family \u548c Column Oriented \u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c \u5176\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u57fa\u65bc Bigtable \u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab Cassandra \u548c HBase \u4e2d\u3002
\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff08\u7bc0\u9ede\uff09\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u7576\u6210\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8868\uff08table\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u9019\u55ae\u4f4d\u9032\u884c\u5217\u58d3\u7e2e\uff08column compression\uff09\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u5217\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08row-oriented\uff09\u70ba\u4e3b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u786c\u9ad4\u9762\u512a\u5316","title":"\u786c\u9ad4\u9762\u512a\u5316","text":"\u7576\u9032\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6642\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u786c\u9ad4\u78c1\u789f\uff08disk\uff09\u4e2d\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e26\u5b58\u9032\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08memory\uff09\u4e2d\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u983b\u5bec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9032\u5165 CPU \u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u7684\u983b\u5bec\u3002 \u5728\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u6642\uff0c \u70ba\u4e86\u512a\u5316 \u6307\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7dda\u5316\uff08Instruction pipeline\uff09\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d_\u5feb\u53d6\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u8aa4\u5224_\uff08branch mis-predictions\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3 CPU \u4e2d\u7684 SIMD\uff08single-instruction-multi-data\uff09 \u6307\u4ee4\u3002
\u55ae\u4f4d Latency \u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6 1 ns \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6 4 ns \u7b2c\u4e09\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6 40 ns \u2191 \u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08DDR\uff09 80 ns \u2191 \u8b80\u53d6\u78c1\u789f 80 us \u2191/Intel - Memory Performance in a Nutshell
\u9664\u4e86\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u62c9\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u62c9\u53d6\u6642\u4e5f\u9808\u6709\u6548\u7684\u914d\u5408 CPU \u7684\u9031\u671f\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\u6703\u628a\u58d3\u7e2e\u5f8c\u7684\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u6bb5\uff08chunk\uff09\uff0c \u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u4e14\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u547c\u53eb\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u793a\uff0c\u907f\u514d function call/jump\uff09\u653e\u9032 CPU \u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\uff08chunk\uff09\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u53bb\u57f7\u884c AND \u6216 OR \u7b49\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\u3002
\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u7a31\u70ba\u5411\u91cf\u8655\u7406\uff08vectorized processing\uff09\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u5c31\u662f SIMD \u9019\u985e\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u6392\u5e8f","title":"\u6392\u5e8f","text":"\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u7d93\u904e\u6392\u5e8f\u5f8c\u518d\u5132\u5b58\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9577\u5ea6\u7de8\u78bc\uff08run-length encoded\uff09\u4f7f\u58d3\u7e2e\u66f4\u7dca\u5bc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 00001000100 \u6392\u5e8f\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210 1,2,0,9\uff081 \u6709 2 \u500b\uff0c0 \u6709 9 \u500b\uff09\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u904e\u7684 \u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868 \u4f86\u505a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 SSTables \u5206\u6210\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u65b9\u4fbf\u505a\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u3002 \u7576\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5beb\u5165\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6bcf\u884c\u53c8\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u6bb5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u505a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u3002 Vertica \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4fbf\u662f\u4f9d\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5132\u5b58\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u6642\u4ecd\u8981\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7684\u5404\u5217\u8cc7\u6599\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u9806\u5e8f\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u63d0\u5230\u96f6\u552e\u696d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u82e5\u767c\u73fe\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u671f\u55ae\u4f4d\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u5982\u6bcf\u6708\u7684\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7522\u54c1\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 date_key \u4f86\u505a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u4f86\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u984d\u5916\u505a\u4e00\u7d44\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u6703\u4ee5\u65e5\u671f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u3002 \u540c\u6642\u53c8\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7522\u54c1\u7de8\u865f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5e6b\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65b7\u54ea\u5929\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7522\u54c1\u71b1\u8ce3\u3002
\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u7a2e\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u5f37\u5316\u7684\u58d3\u7e2e\u91cf\u548c\u641c\u5c0b\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u7d44\u6392\u5e8f\u5f71\u97ff\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Vertica \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1a
\u53cd\u6b63\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u8981\u505a\u5099\u4efd\u548c HA \u800c\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u5404\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5404\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5132\u5b58\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab A \u4ee5\u65e5\u671f\u4f5c\u70ba sort key\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab B \u4ee5\u7522\u54c1\u4f5c\u70ba sort key\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u5176\u548c\u5217\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5217\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u5132\u5b58\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 heap file \u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u800c\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5247\u662f\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5132\u5b58\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-dw/#\u66ab\u5b58\u805a\u5408","title":"\u66ab\u5b58\u805a\u5408","text":"\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u7528\u5230\u805a\u5408\uff08aggregation\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7e3d\u6578\uff08sum\uff09\u3001\u5e73\u5747\uff08avg\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u985e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e38\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5f88\u8017\u6642\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u66ab\u5b58\u4ed6\u5427\u3002 \u9019\u985e\u66ab\u5b58\u5f8c\u7684\u805a\u5408\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u7269\u5316\u805a\u5408\uff08materialized aggregates\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u5c55\u793a\u9019\u985e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5716\u6216\u8868\uff08table\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\uff08materialized view\uff09\u3002
\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\u548c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8996\u5716\uff08standard/virtual view\uff09\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u7570\uff0c \u6a19\u6e96\u8996\u5716\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u67e5\u8a62\u8a18\u9304\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7576\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u3002
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\u5716\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4e8c\u7dad\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u505a\u7269\u5316\u6574\u5408\u6642\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u5143\uff08cell\uff09\u5132\u5b58\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u7522\u54c1\u92b7\u552e\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c \u5217\u5c3e\u5132\u5b58\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7522\u54c1\u92b7\u552e\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c\u884c\u5c3e\u5132\u5b58\u67d0\u4e00\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u92b7\u552e\u7e3d\u984d\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9032\u884c\u591a\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8cfc\u7269\u8005\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u7dad\u8b77\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\u662f\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u5beb\u5165\u6642\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 OLTP \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u3002
\u4e00\u822c\u7684 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u90fd\u6703\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u58fd\u53f8\u7b56\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u5728\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u901f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u52a0\u901f\u624b\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/","title":"\u7de8\u78bc\u548c\u9032\u7a0b","text":"\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u9700\u8981\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u6703\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff1f
\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u505a\u5132\u5b58\u6216\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u78bc\uff08encoding\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u58d3\u7e2e\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6548\u80fd\u5916\uff0c \u597d\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u7de8\u78bc","title":"\u7de8\u78bc","text":"\u7576\u4f60\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225\u53bb\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9663\u5217\u3001\u7269\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032\u78c1\u789f\uff08filesystem\uff09\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u9001\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\uff09\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u6216\u8f38\u51fa\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5167\u5efa","title":"\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5167\u5efa","text":"\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u900f\u904e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u9810\u8a2d\u5c31\u6709\u4e9b\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cJava\uff1ajava.io.Serializable\u3001Ruby\uff1aMarshal\u3001Python\uff1apickle\uff0c\u7136\u800c
JSON\u3001XML\u3001CSV\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u683c\u5f0f\u90fd\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7db1\u76ee\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u78bc\u3002\u7136\u800c
\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u4ecd\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u5f88\u7fd2\u6163\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u548c\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u96e3\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d-json","title":"\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d JSON","text":"\u6709\u4e9b\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u4ee5 JSON \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u505a\u6f14\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5617\u8a66\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u8d0f\u904e\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u4ee5 MessagePack \u70ba\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
\u539f\u59cb JSON \u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
{\n \"userName\": \"Martin\",\n \"favoriteNumber\": 1337,\n \"interests\": [\"daydreaming\", \"hacking\"]\n}\n\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230 66 Bytes \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u6bd4\u539f\u672c 88 Bytes \u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6e1b\u5c11\u5230 32 Bytes \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecd\u6709\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u662f\u5ef6\u4f38 JSON\uff0c\u5929\u751f\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u9375\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1auserName\uff09\u3002
\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u65e9\u5728 1984 \u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u5354\u5b9a ASN.1 \u95e1\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u884c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c Thrift\u3001Protocol Buffer \u4e00\u6a23\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID\u3002\u4e14\u5176\u61c9\u7528\uff08DER\uff09\u5982\u4eca\u4ecd\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u65bc X.509\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u537b\u904e\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u4e14\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f97\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u8f03\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u78c1\u789f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7de8\uff08\u89e3\uff09\u78bc\u3001\u6709\u6548\u88fd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u6a94\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u78bc\u624d\u80fd\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u8b80\u61c2\u8a0a\u606f\u3002
\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u6e96\u5099\u8981\u9001\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5009\uff08warehouse\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u53cb\u5584\u65bc\u884c\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08column-oriented database\uff09\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Parquet\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9","title":"\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9","text":"\u5728\u505a\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff1a
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cJSON \u9019\u985e\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u65b0\u820a\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u89e3\u78bc\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7522\u751f\u5668","title":"\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7522\u751f\u5668","text":"\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u8b6f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08Java\u3001C++\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7db1\u76ee\u53bb\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u61c9\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff08code generation\uff09\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u7de8\u8b6f\u6642\u7684\u578b\u5225\u5224\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u7db1\u76ee\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684 property\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u59d3\u540d\uff08var person = new Person(object);print(person.name);\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6839\u64da\u8cc7\u6599\u52d5\u614b\u8abf\u6574\u7db1\u76ee\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\u5c31\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u8173\u672c\u578b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08JavaScript\u3001Python\u3001Ruby\u3001PHP\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7522\u751f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u7de8\u8b6f
Note
\u96d6\u7136 JSON \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u984d\u5916\u5de5\u5177\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u628a\u7de8\u89e3\u78bc\u548c\u7db1\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u7576\u6210\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7db1\u76ee\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u662f\u548c\u7db1\u76ee\u540c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u7de8\u78bc
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c31 Apache Thrift\u3001Protocol Buffer \u548c Apache Avro \u4f86\u505a\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#apache-thrift","title":"Apache Thrift","text":"Apache Thrift \u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7db1\u76ee\uff1a
struct Person {\n 1: required string userName,\n 2: optional i64 favoriteNumber,\n 3: optional list<string> interests\n}\n\u4e26\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u7de8\u78bc\uff0cBinaryProtocol \u548c CompactProtocol\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a
Protocol Buffer \u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
message Person {\n required string user_name = 1;\n optional int64 favorite_number = 2;\n repeated string interests = 3;\n}\nrequired \u548c optional \u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u50c5\u6703\u5728\u505a\u89e3\u78bc\u6642 runtime \u8f38\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u3002required \u6703\u8b93\u820a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8f38\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u5b9a\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u3002int8 \u8f49\u5230 int16list \u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f88\u597d\u5f9e repeated \u8f49\u5230 optional\uff0c\u4f46\u5de2\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u529f\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u3002Apache Avro \u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff1a
record Person {\n string userName;\n union { null, long } favoriteNumber = null;\n array<string> interests;\n}\nAvro \u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f
\u9019\u88e1\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b union\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u660e\u78ba\u6a19\u793a\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f nullable \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 required/optional \u4e86\u3002
\u5728\u89e3\u78bc\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u7684\u578b\u5225\u548c\u540d\u7a31\u5c31\u662f\u7db1\u76ee\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d44\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u578b\u5225\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u578b\u5225\u548c ID\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u78bc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u7d30\u7bc0","title":"\u7d30\u7bc0","text":"Apache Avro \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID \u4f86\u8fa8\u8a8d\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db1\u76ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u9593\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff1a
\u56e0\u6b64\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u78ba\u4fdd\u64b0\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u7248\u672c\u3002
Apache Avro \u4e5f\u5229\u7528 union { null, int } \u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684 required/optional\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7d66\u4e88\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u5411\u5f8c\uff08\u524d\uff09\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cApache Avro \u9084\u5141\u8a31\u66f4\u6539\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u578b\u5225\u548c\u540d\u7a31\uff1a
alias \u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u5411\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff08\u820a\u7db1\u76ee\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u65b0\u7db1\u76ee\u8abf\u6574\u540d\u7a31\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u800c\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff1a
\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u90fd\u5b58\u9032 DB \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u672a\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u548c\u5099\u4efd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528-tag-id-\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8655","title":"\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8655","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u8f38\u51fa\u6210\u6a94\u6848\u6642\uff08Hadoop \u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5e38\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u8f49\u63db\u6210 Avro \u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u6a94\u6848\u64b0\u5beb\u6210\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5143\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9\u6b04\u4f4d\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d\u53eb countryId \u4e26\u540c\u6642\u79fb\u9664\u6b04\u4f4d countryName\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u6b64\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7db1\u76ee\u7522\u751f Avro \u7db1\u76ee\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u7684\u7528\u820a\uff08\u65b0\uff09\u7db1\u76ee\u8b80\u65b0\uff08\u820a\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u7528 Protocol Buffers \u6216 Thrift \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u4f7f\u7528 tag ID \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u76f8\u540c tag ID \u537b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ccountryId \u548c countryName \u90fd\u662f tag 5\uff09\u3002
Protocol Buffers\u3001Thrift \u662f\u70ba\u4e86 RPC \u9019\u985e\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u683c\u5f0f
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0","title":"\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0","text":"\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u6709\u653e\u7f6e\u7de8\u78bc\u6642\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u5176\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08self-describing\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u61c9\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Avro library\uff09\u6253\u958b\u9019\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7db1\u76ee\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53c8\u4fdd\u8b49\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u6703\u904e\u5927\u3002
\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982 Apache Pig\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u904e SQL \u8a9e\u6cd5\u5728 Hadoop \u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7522\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7db1\u76ee\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Avro \u6703\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u524d\u9762\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7db1\u76ee\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u8907\u7fd2\u5dee\u7570","title":"\u8907\u7fd2\u5dee\u7570","text":"Schema-less \u7de8\u78bc\uff08JSON\uff09\u6709\u5176\u512a\u9ede\uff1a
\u7136\u800c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u597d\u8655\uff1a
\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u7406\u89e3\u7de8\u78bc\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53bb\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u600e\u9ebc\u76f8\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u900f\u904e\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f\u4f86\u611f\u53d7\u4e00\u4e0b\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u3002
\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u7d66\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e26\u9810\u671f\u672a\u4f86\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u5fc5\u9808\u5411\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff08\u65b0\u7db1\u76ee\u8b80\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u50b3\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff08\u5beb\u9032\u78c1\u789f\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7db1\u76ee\u505a\u8b80\u53d6\u3002
\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u52d5\u7db1\u76ee\u90fd\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u78bc\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u66f4\u52d5\u7db1\u76ee\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u4ee5\u820a\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u70ba\u6e96\u3002 MySQL \u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u3002
\u7576\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u50b3\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\u7d66\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4ee5\u70ba\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u820a\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5411\u524d\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u820a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8986\u84cb\u6389\uff1a
\u9084\u6709\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u5099\u4efd\u6216\u8f38\u51fa\u7d66 \u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132 \u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u628a\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u78bc\uff08\u505a ETL\uff09\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u591a\u500b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db1\u76ee\u53bb\u505a\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u65e2\u7136\u90fd\u8981\u532f\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u78bc\u9032\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u5169\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a","title":"\u5169\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a","text":"\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u9593\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u3001\u624b\u6a5f APP\uff09\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a
\u66b4\u9732\u63a5\u53e3\uff08API\uff09\u7684 REST/GraphQL\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4f9d\u7167\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u5305\u88dd\u8d77\u4f86\u7684 RPC/SOAP\u3002
\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a
\u7e3d\u7d50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cRPC/SOAP \u9069\u5408\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u547c\u53eb\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u524d\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b REST/GraphQL \u9069\u5408\u5c0d\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u3001APP\uff09\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u9593\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u6e9d\u901a\u3002
Info
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728 RPC \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff1a
\u9019\u584a\u8f03\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53e6\u5916\u641c\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc
\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ecb\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e8c\u7a2e\u4e2d\u9593\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u900f\u904e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8655\u7406\u7de8\u78bc\uff1b \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u5354\u5546\u51fa\u4e00\u8d77\u7528\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u5247\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7a2e\u7de8\u78bc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50b3\u905e\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406","title":"\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406","text":"\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u5e6b\u6211\u628a\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u3002\u6545\u800c\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u9001\u7d66\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6536\u5230\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
Message Broker Pattern using C#
\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u5176\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u5169\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u6e9d\u901a\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u4e4e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u9032\u884c\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u6703\u628a\u8a0a\u606f\u6d88\u5316\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u50b3\u7d66\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba \uff08\u518d\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u8f38\u51fa\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8986\u84cb\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002
\u9019\u6bb5\u5230\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406\u6703\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u50c5\u8aaa\u660e\u5176\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7de8\u78bc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e32\u6d41\u5f0f\u67b6\u69cb","title":"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e32\u6d41\u5f0f\u67b6\u69cb","text":"\u5176\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\uff08pub/sub\uff09\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u4e26\u4e14\u8f03\u9069\u5408\u8655\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u8a0a\u606f\u3002
Making sense of stream processing
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u67b6\u69cb\u5c0d\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u905e\u548c\u6574\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u4f86\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8a73\u7d30\u63d0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u4f01\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u532f\u6d41\u6392","title":"\u4f01\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u532f\u6d41\u6392","text":"\u4f01\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u532f\u6d41\u6392\u70ba\u8f03\u5927\u578b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u6703\u8ca0\u8cac\u628a\u50b3\u905e\u4e2d\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u7d71\u4e00\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982 XML \u8f49\u6210 JSON\u3002
WIKI
\u4f46\u662f\u6162\u6162\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6703\u8d8a\u641e\u8d8a\u8907\u96dc\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-encode/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u6bcf\u500b\u904b\u884c\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u5176\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u9019\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u7a31\u70ba\u6f14\u54e1\uff08Actor\uff09\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u500b\u6f14\u54e1\u6703\u8ca0\u8cac\u8f38\u51fa\u300cHello World\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u50b3\u905e\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\u7d66\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u54e1\uff0c \u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u6211\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u500b\u8b8a\u6578 3\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5427\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u54e1\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u8f38\u51fa\u300cHello World\u300d\u4e09\u6b21\u3002
\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u9810\u8a2d\u5404\u6f14\u54e1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u5171\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u50b3\u905e\uff0c \u5c31\u597d\u50cf API \u4e00\u6a23\uff08\u985e\u4f3c RPC \u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\u3002
\u4ee5 Akka \u70ba\u4f8b\u4ee5 Java \u7684\u6f14\u54e1\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6 Akka \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
public class HelloWorld extends AbstractBehavior<HelloWorld.Command> {\n\ninterface Command {}\n\npublic enum SayHello implements Command {\n INSTANCE\n}\n\npublic static class ChangeMessage implements Command {\n public final String newMessage;\n\n public ChangeMessage(String newMessage) {\n this.newMessage = newMessage;\n }\n}\n\npublic static Behavior<Command> create() {\n return Behavior.setup(context -> new HelloWorld(context));\n}\n\nprivate String message = \"Hello World\";\n\nprivate HelloWorld(ActorContext<Command> context) {\n super(context);\n}\n\n@Override\npublic Receive<Command> createReceive() {\n return newReceiveBuilder()\n .onMessageEquals(SayHello.INSTANCE, this::onSayHello)\n .onMessage(ChangeMessage.class,this::onMessageChange)\n .build();\n}\n\nprivate Behavior<Command> onSayHello() {\n System.out.println(message);\n return this;\n}\n\nprivate Behavior<Command> onMessageChange(ChangeMessage command) {\n message = command.newMessage;\n return this;\n}\n}\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6f14\u54e1\u5728\u6536\u5230 SayHello.INSTANCE \u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884c onSayHello\uff0c\u6536\u5230 ChangeMessage \u9019\u4e00\u985e\u5225\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6642\u6703\u57f7\u884c onMessageChange\u3002
\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6f14\u54e1\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u5287\u5834\u5de5\u4f5c\u56c9\uff1a
ActorSystem<HelloWorld.Command> mySystem = ActorSystem.create(HelloWorld.create(), \"MySystem\");\n\n// \u544a\u8a34\u6f14\u54e1 `HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE` \u9019\u5247\u8a0a\u606f\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\n// \u544a\u8a34\u6f14\u54e1 `HelloWorld.ChangeMessage` \u9019\u500b\u578b\u5225\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\nmySystem.tell(new HelloWorld.ChangeMessage(\"Hello Actor World!!\"));\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\nmySystem.tell(HelloWorld.SayHello.INSTANCE);\n// \u6700\u5f8c\u8f38\u51fa\uff1a\n// Hello World\n// Hello World\n// Hello Actor World!!\n// Hello Actor World!!\nReferrer
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/","title":"\u8655\u7406\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1","text":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08HA\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u505a\u53d6\u6368\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1","title":"\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1","text":"\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7af6\u8cfd\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u518d\u8aaa\u660e\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6b0a\u8861\u4e4b\u8a08\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a\u4fe1\u7bb1\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6709\u5c1a\u672a\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u670d\u52d9\u6703\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u5c0e\u822a\u9801\u9762\u653e\u63d0\u793a\u7d05\u9ede\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u9084\u6709\u5e7e\u5c01\u4fe1\u9084\u6c92\u770b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b SQL \u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a
\u53d6\u5f97\u672a\u8b80\u4fe1\u4ef6\u6578\u91cfSELECT COUNT(*)\nFROM emails\nWHERE recipient_id = 2 AND unread_flag = true\n\u96a8\u8457\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f60\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u6703\u8b93 emails \u9019\u500b\u8868\u683c\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6b21\u6578\u8b8a\u5f97\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u628a\u672a\u8b80\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u984d\u5916\u5b58\u53d6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u683c\uff08\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u3002
\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u589e\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u518d\u9001\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u628a mailboxes \u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u6b04\u4f4d unread \u7684\u6578\u5b57\u52a0\u4e00\u3002
-- INSERT INTO emails ..\n-- \u65b0\u589e\u5b8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u672a\u8b80\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\nUPDATE mailboxes\nSET unread = unread + 1\nWHERE recipient_id = 2;\n\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u537b\u540c\u6642\u8b80\u53d6\u8a72\u503c\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u70ba\uff1aunread \u9084\u6c92\u589e\u52a0\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u8acb\u6c42\u5b58\u53d6\uff08write/read\uff09\u55ae\u4e00\uff08\u6216\u591a\u500b\uff09\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u300c\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6709 compare-and-set \u9019\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a72\u503c\u6578\u91cf\u5927\u65bc\u4e94\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6b78\u96f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u52a0\u4e00\u3002
\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u503c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a31\u4f5c Single-Object Operations\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u503c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a31\u70ba Multi-Object Operations\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u55ae\u6216\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8655\u7406\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\uff08\u591a\u53f0\uff09\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff08\u5bb9\u932f\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u670d\u52d9\uff09\u624d\u8b1b\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u64c1\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u907f\u514d\u5225\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u90f5\u4ef6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f \u4f7f\u7528\u8005 2 \u8981\u9ebb\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u6709\u65b0\u589e\u90f5\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u9ebb\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u90f5\u4ef6\u4e14\u6578\u91cf\u986f\u793a\u4e5f\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u986f\u793a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a
\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8b1b\u89e3\uff01
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u5bb9\u932f\u6027","title":"\u5bb9\u932f\u6027","text":"\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7576\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u8981\u80fd\u6709\u6a5f\u5236\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u8655\u7406\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\uff08Fault tolerance\uff09\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a
\u91cd\u8907\u505a\u4e8b
\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u9001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u56de\u50b3\u56de\u4f86\u6642\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56de\u50b3\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5c0d\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u6dfb\u52a0\u9032\u53bb\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u9019\u6642\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5982\u679c\u518d\u91cd\u4f86\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u91cd\u8907\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bc\u8acb\u6c42\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0 ID \u4f86\u907f\u514d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u767c\u751f\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u770b\u5230\u91cd\u8907\u7684 ID \u5c31\u4e0d\u505a\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u66f4\u7d30\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u65bc\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u300c\u4f5c\u8005\u671f\u8a31\u300d\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u539f\u5b50\u6027","title":"\u539f\u5b50\u6027","text":"\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u91cd\u4f86\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\uff0c\u91cd\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u8b93\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u91cd\u4f86\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u518d\u56e0\u70ba\u4e26\u884c\uff08concurrency\uff09\u548c\u707d\u96e3\u5fa9\u539f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684 WAL\uff09\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u53bb\u91cd\u4f86\u90e8\u5206\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08atomic\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u505a\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u767c\u751f\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u6368\u68c4\u4e4b\u524d\u505a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u628a\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5b58\u5728 /temp \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u7576\u8acb\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u518d\u628a /temp \u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u9032\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u5247\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u9664 /temp \u4e0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f04\u9ad2\u3002
\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6703\u505a\u91cd\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c \u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08High Availability\uff09\u7b49\u76ee\u7684\uff0c \u6703\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff08best effort\uff09\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u6e05\u695a\u544a\u77e5\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u589e\u52a0\u90f5\u4ef6\u672a\u8b80\u6578\u91cf\uff09\u82e5\u6c92\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c \u5247\u901a\u77e5\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5176\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7d93\u6e96\u78ba\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u6642\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c31\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u518d\u91cd\u52a0\u4e00\u6b21\u672a\u8b80\u6578\u91cf\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\u61c9\u8003\u91cf\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u9019\u985e\u7684\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236","title":"\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u8655\u7406\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6642\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7279\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u8acb\u6c42\u70ba\u4ea4\u6613\uff08transaction\uff09\u3002
\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7279\u6027\u88ab\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff1a\u7dda\u6027\u57f7\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7a31\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08consistence\uff09\u3002
\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6027
\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u628a\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002
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\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u662f\u5f9e atomic \u7ffb\u8b6f\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e5f\u8a31\u7528 abortability \u66f4\u70ba\u6070\u7576\u3002
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\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u6e9d\u901a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5df2\u88ab\u6cdb\u5316\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u91dd\u5c0d\u540d\u500b\u8a5e\u505a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u66f8\u672c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\u4e26\u9054\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
\u6839\u64da\u72c0\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u6613\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
1975 \u5e74\uff0cIBM \u7684 System R \uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b SQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff09 \u9996\u958b\u5148\u6cb3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u9019\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08SQL DB\uff09\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86 2010 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0cNoSQL \u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u958b\u59cb\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c \u4e5f\u653e\u68c4\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u503c\uff08multi-object\uff09\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 \uff08\u55ae\u4e00\u503c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5f88\u8f15\u6613\u5c31\u80fd\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u591a\u503c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u537b\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\uff09\uff0c \u4e5f\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u9ad8\u64f4\u589e\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
ORM \u5c0d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u770b\u6cd5
\u5118\u7ba1\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7576\u4ea4\u6613\u5931\u6557\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u91cd\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\uff0cORM\uff08Object-relational mapping\uff09 \u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4ea4\u6613\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u9810\u8a2d retry \u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002
\u56e0\u70ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5834\u666f\u7684\u90fd\u9069\u5408\u91cd\u505a\u4ea4\u6613\uff1a
\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b49\u7d1a\u5f9e\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u72a7\u7272\u7684\u662f\u6548\u80fd\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u64f4\u589e\u6027\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b49\u7d1a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8f03\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u3001\u7bc4\u4f8b\u6027\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u66b8\u89e3\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8ad6\u6587123\u3002
\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08eventual consistence\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u4ecb\u5165\u9084\u662f\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\u7684\u5fa9\u539f\uff09\u88e1\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u6703\u88ab\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u6700\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u616e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9810\u8a2d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u300d\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a\u8b80\u53d6\u548c\u5beb\u5165\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90f5\u4ef6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u8b80\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\uff08dirty read\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u8986\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\uff08dirty write\uff09\uff1a
\u56e0\u70ba Alice \u548c Bob \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5f7c\u6b64\u88ab\u8986\u5beb\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0e\u81f4\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u7834\u788e\u5316\uff1a\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8005\u662f Bob\uff0c\u767c\u7968\u4e0a\u7684\u6536\u4ef6\u8005\u537b\u662f Alice\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\uff08read committed\uff09\u3002\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9019\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u9396\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\u672c\u7b49\u7d1a\u3002
\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8907\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599
\u5982\u679c Alice \u548c Bob \u5148\u5f8c\u5b8c\u6210\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u65b9\u88ab\u8986\u5beb\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u53cd_\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599_\u3002\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u8986\u5beb\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u8cc7\u6599\u8907\u5beb\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6703\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8907\u88fd\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u8986\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u8986\u5beb\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599","text":"\u7576\u5beb\u5165\u591a\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u9396\u4f4f\u5beb\u904e\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576 Alice \u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\uff08un-commit\uff09\u524d\uff0clistings id=1234 \u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u6703\u88ab\u9396\u4f4f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f Bob \u60f3\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7b49 Alice \u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u3002
\u5beb\u5165\u524d\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5
\u82e5\u4f60\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b Bob \u8986\u5beb\u6389 Alice \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u641c\u5c0b\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u518d\u5beb\u5165\u300d\uff08compare-and-set\uff09\u3002
sql \"\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u6c92\u6709\u8cb7\u5bb6\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\" UPDATE listings SET buyer = 'Bob' WHERE id = 1234 AND buyer = NULL
\u82e5\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u6b63\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u907f\u514d\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u4e26\u884c\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5927\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u80fd\uff08OLTP \u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u8b80\u53d6\u5c11\u91cf\u7570\u52d5\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u9396\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u50c5\u6703\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u5165\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b49\u7d1a\uff1a\u53ea\u8b80\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08no dirty read\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6b63\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8b80\u78c1\u789f\u88e1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u8b80\u53d6\u5230\u9084\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u7576\u6b63\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u505a\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u56de\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u3002
\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u50c5\u6709 Microsoft SQL Server \u7576\u8a2d\u5b9a read_committed_snapshot=off \u6642\u6703\u8b93\u9396\u4f4f\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u5c0d\u65bc\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u9593\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u770b\u5230\u6709\u672a\u8b80\u90f5\u4ef6\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u672a\u8b80\u90f5\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff08\u4e0d\u8b80\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff1a
\u6709\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u540c\u6642\u8b80\u53d6\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u548c\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u72c0\u614b\u6062\u5fa9\u539f\u72c0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u9084\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5716\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u504f\u659c\uff08read skew\uff09\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u500b\u8b80\u53d6\u52d5\u4f5c\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u7db2\u8def\u6392\u968a\u3001\u904b\u884c\u66ab\u505c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u88ab\u5ef6\u9072\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u50be\u659c\u7684\uff08\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff09\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u300c\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\u300d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8981\u9054\u6210\u9019\u500b\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7248\u672c\u4e26\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff08multi-version concurrency control\uff0cMVCC\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u9054\u6210\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u3002
\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e
\u6709\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u7a31\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2\u70ba\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u8b80\u53d6\uff08repeatable read\uff09\u6216\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff08serializability\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u521d\u4ee5 System R \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684 SQL \u5354\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u8b80\u53d6\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4e86\u5ba3\u7a31\u5176\u6eff\u8db3 SQL \u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5beb\u9032\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8ad6\u658745\u7d66\u4e88\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e00\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u5ba3\u7a31\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6642\u4e26\u672a\u6eff\u8db3\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f IBM DB2 \u751a\u81f3\u628a\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7576\u6210\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u96e2
\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u591a\u7248\u672c\u4e26\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u5c31\u662f\u66ff\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u6839\u64da\u7576\u4e0b\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u7248\u672c\u865f\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7248\u672c\u865f\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u4ea4\u6613\u7de8\u865f\uff08transaction ID\uff0ctxid\uff09\u3002
\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u5230\u7684_\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599_\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u64c1\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4ea4\u6613\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6642\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08un-committed\uff09\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\uff08committed\uff09\u5f8c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u50c5\u4f5c\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53ea\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u57f7\u884c\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c31\u6703\u81ea\u5df1\u64c1\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6642\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u65bc\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u3002
\u7576\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u505a\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u76f4\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8a08\u6578\u5668\u7d66\u4e88\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f txid=12\uff09\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b63\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5f85\u6703\u672c\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u5c0f\u65bc\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7de8\u865f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f txid=13 \u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\uff09\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u5047\u9ad4\u5224\u5b9a","title":"\u5047\u9ad4\u5224\u5b9a","text":"\u91ab\u751f\u503c\u73ed\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8a02\u7968\u7cfb\u7d71\u88ab\u8d85\u8a02\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u9810\u7d04\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a
\u82e5\u6709\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u9810\u7d04BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n\nSELECT COUNT(*) FROM bookings -- (1)\nWHERE room_id = 123 AND\nend_time > '2015-01-01 12:00' AND start_time < '2015-01-01 13:00';\n\nINSERT INTO bookings(room_id, start_time, end_time, user_id) -- (2)\nVALUES (123, '2015-01-01 12:00', '2015-01-01 13:00', 666);\n\nCOMMIT;\nCOUNT(\\*) == 0\uff09\u9019\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0d\u50cf\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u91ab\u751f\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u503c\uff08on_call=true\uff09\u505a\u5224\u65b7\uff1b\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9810\u7d04\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u503c\uff08time IN (start, end)\uff09\u505a\u5224\u65b7\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u9650\u5236\u72c0\u614b","title":"\u9650\u5236\u72c0\u614b","text":"\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7d66\u4e88\u9650\u5236\uff08constraint\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 SQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5e38\u898b\u7684 UNIQUE\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u6236\uff1a
SELECT COUNT(*) -- (1)\nFROM users\nWHERE user_account = 'new_user'\n\nINSERT INTO users(user_id, user_account) -- (2)\nVALUES (123, 'new_user');\nnew_userCOUNT(*) == 0\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u66ff user_account \u6dfb\u52a0\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u55ae\u4e00\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6642\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u6236\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u64f4\u589e\u6027","title":"\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u64f4\u589e\u6027","text":"\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u5be6\u969b\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396\u5206\u5225\u6709\u4f4e\u64f4\u589e\u6027\u548c\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u6027\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5feb\u7167\u537b\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6642\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5\u3002
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8a18\u9304\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u6642\uff08\u4ee5\u5229\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5224\u65b7\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u6703\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7d30\u7bc0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6703\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b0a\u8861\uff1a
\u81f3\u65bc\u64f4\u589e\u6027\uff0c\u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5feb\u7167\u6642\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4e00\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6613\u540c\u6642\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u50c5\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u9032\u884c\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u5426\u6709\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u9054\u6210\u64f4\u589e\u6027\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002FoundationDB
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9","title":"\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9","text":"\u4f60\u5f88\u96e3\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u78ba\u5b9a\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9054\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u61c9\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u505a\u597d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u6e2c\u8a66\u662f\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff09\u3002
\u5373\u4f7f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5ba3\u7a31\u4ed6\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u6cc1\u4f60\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u505a\u597d\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u5728\u958b\u767c\u6642\u8003\u616e\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 \u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u66b8\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5340\u5206\u300267
\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8003\u616e\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u8207\u5176\u8003\u616e\u6548\u80fd\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\u907f\u514d\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u300d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u6642\u5e38\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u5de5\u6642\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
\u2014\u2014 Spanner\uff1aGoogle \u7684\u5168\u7403\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff082012\uff09
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-ft/#\u4fee\u5fa9\u5beb\u5165\u885d\u7a81","title":"\u4fee\u5fa9\u5beb\u5165\u885d\u7a81","text":"\u4e0d\u8ad6\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7dda\u6027\uff09\u90fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8907\u5beb\uff08\u5728\u4e0d\u9000\u56de\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c \u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6\u600e\u9ebc\u6574\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u6642\u4fee\u6539\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u5169\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6539\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u8986\u84cb\u6389\u3002
\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c24\u5176\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u5728\u591a\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u53e2\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d30\u7bc0\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7559\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8907\u88fd\uff08replicated\uff09\u518d\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u6574\u5408\u591a\u500b\u4fee\u6539\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8981\u5be6\u4f5c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u54ea\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u6642\u662f\u6703\u628a\u5404\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff01
Methods Dirty-read Dirty-write Read Skew Write Skew \u8a3b \u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u9396 X O X X - \u63d0\u4ea4\u5f8c\u518d\u63a8\u9032\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab O X X X - MVCC / DCC / OCC \u25b3 \u25b3 O X - \u5be6\u969b\u5e8f\u5217\u5316 O O O O \u8017\u6642\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6703\u7279\u6b8a\u8655\u7406 2PL \u25b3 O \u25b3 O - SSI \u25b3 \u25b3 O O -/\u25b3 \u4ee3\u8868\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u907f\u514d\u8a72\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u7528\u66f4\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 dirty-write \u6703\u7528\u9396\u4f86\u505a\u3002 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6d88\u5316\u5f8c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6709\u932f\u6b61\u8fce\u7cfe\u6b63\uff01
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/tr-95-51.pdf \u21a9
http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/adya-phd.pdf \u21a9
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0309.pdf \u21a9
http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/adya-phd.pdf \u21a9
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0309.pdf \u21a9
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/tr-95-51.pdf \u21a9
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0309.pdf \u21a9
\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a\u6587\u672c
\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u6703\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u9019\u6b21\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\u5feb\u901f\u5f9e\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u842c\u7b46\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u6211\u60f3\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 123\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77 10000 \u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u500b\u4e09\u4e94\u6b21\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u3002
\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u8b1b Index \u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u7d14\u7528 bash \u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a
db_set () {\n echo \"$1,$2\" >> database\n}\n\ndb_get () {\n grep \"^$1,\" database | sed -e \"s/^$1,//\" | tail -n 1\n}\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u6709\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff08\u8edf\u9ad4\u9762\uff09\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a31\u70ba log\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\uff08append\uff09\u6587\u5b57\u81f3\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6703\u8003\u616e\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5132\u5b58\u904e\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u65b0\u589e\u81f3\u6a94\u6848\u5c3e\u8655\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u6e05\u9664\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304\u3002
Info
\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u672a\u8003\u616e\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u591a\u5de5\u8655\u7406\u3001\u6e05\u9664\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304\u3001\u5bb9\u932f\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u6bc0\u640d
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u8b80\u904e\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u9577\u5169\u500d\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u6703\u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u5169\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u554f\u984c\uff0cIndex \u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0b\u984d\u5916\u5efa\u7acb\u7684 metadata\uff0c\u4e26\u7576\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u9700\u8981\u300c\u5beb\u5165\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u9019\u4efd metadata\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u300c\u8b80\u53d6\u300d\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u72a7\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u300c\u5beb\u5165\u300d\u6548\u80fd\u3002
Info
\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5e38\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u505a\u6b0a\u8861\uff0c\u82e5\u60c5\u5883\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u90a3\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u8003\u616e\u6dfb\u52a0 index\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868 key-value \u4e2d\u7684 key \u6216\u8005\u8aaa RMDBS \u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15\uff08primary index\uff09
\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a user \u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u5e74\u7d00\u5c0f\u65bc 30 \u6b72\u4e14\u6708\u6536\u5165\u5927\u65bc 500 \u584a\u7684 user\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u7d22\u5f15\u5206\u5225\u662f\u5e74\u9f61\u548c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46
\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u5f9e n\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u767e\u842c\uff09\u8b8a\u6210 ln(n)\uff08\u641c\u5c0b\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e09\u6b21\uff09\uff0c \u5728\u627e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u7fa4\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 index\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba index \u8868\u683c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002
Info
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff08R-Tree\uff09\u5141\u8a31\u591a\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u505a\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002
[1,5,10]\n [1,3,5] [6,8,10]\n[1,2,3] [4,5] [6,7,8] [9,10]\n\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0c\u627e\u5230 1~3 \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u505a filter\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u8981\u904d\u6b77\u8cc7\u6599\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u6563\u5217\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u6563\u5217\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u4ee5 in-memory \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d00\u9304 key \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a
key offset 1 411 42 3931,{\"a\":\"b\"}\n2,{\"c\":\"d\"}\n...\n42,{\"e\":\"f\"}\n1,{\"g\":\"h\"}\n\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u65b0\u589e key-value \u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u66f4\u65b0\u8a72 hash index\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u554f\u984c","title":"\u554f\u984c","text":"\u7576\u6a94\u6848\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u6642\uff1a
Info
\u6b64\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u80cc\u666f\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u82e5\u57f7\u884c\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u6709\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f7f\u7528\u820a\u7684 segment\uff0c \u6700\u5f8c\u58d3\u7e2e\u6574\u5408\u5b8c\u7562\u5f8c\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684 segment\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u820a\u7684 segment \u522a\u9664\u3002
\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u5728 segment 1 \u4e2d\u7684 hash index \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8a72 key\uff0c\u5c31\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b segment \u627e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u7f3a\u9ede","title":"\u7f3a\u9ede","text":"animal \u70ba\u958b\u982d\u7684\u9375\u503c\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u8a72\u67b6\u69cb\u539f\u5148\u7a31 Log-Structured Merge-Tree\uff08LSM-Tree\uff09\uff0c \u5f8c\u4fee\u6b63\u90e8\u5206\u884c\u70ba\u5f8c\u65bc \u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c \u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\uff08 Sorted String Tables\uff0cSSTables\uff09\u3002
\u5982\u540c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 Hash index\uff0c\u6703\u628a index \u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u500b segment \u6a94\u6848\u3002 SSTable \u5728\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c segment \u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u78ba\u4fdd\u6bcf\u500b segment \u7684 key \u662f\u7368\u7acb\uff08non-overlapping\uff09\u4e14\u6392\u5e8f\uff08sorted\uff09\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a
\u5728\u505a merge \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4e14\u7701\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a
\u5132\u5b58 index \u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6bcf\u500b key \u90fd\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\uff0c\u5b58\u7279\u5b9a\u5e7e\u500b key \u518d\u5f9e\u4e2d\u9593\u627e\u5c31\u597d\uff1a | key | offset | | --- | ------ | | 1 | 0 | | 42 | 393 |
\u7576\u6211\u8981\u627e key 30 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u627e 0 \u5230 393 \u5373\u53ef\u3002
\u56e0\u70ba\u5132\u5b58\u7684 index \u662f\u758f\u6563\uff08sparse\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 key \u548c key \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e\uff1a \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8868\u683c\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0ckey 1 \u5230 key 42 \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e\uff08compress\uff09\u3002
\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e3d\u7d50 SSTables \u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u7576\u6a5f\u5668\u58de\u6389\u6642\uff0cin-memory \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u6703\u907a\u5931\uff1f
\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u5373\u6642 append \u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c \u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u6bcf\u6b21 in-memory \u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8ddf\u8457\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ea\u7528\u4f86\u7576\u6a5f\u5668\u91cd\u555f\u6642\uff0c \u91cd\u65b0\u653e\u9032 in-memory \u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#sstable-\u61c9\u7528","title":"SSTable \u61c9\u7528","text":"Info
\u96d6\u7136 Lucene \u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u6bd4\u8d77 key-value \u7684\u6aa2\u7d22\u8981\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\uff0c \u4f46\u5176\u908f\u8f2f\u985e\u4f3c\uff1a\u4ee5 search words \u4f5c\u70ba key\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u7684 ID \u4f5c\u70ba value\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u88dc\u5145","title":"\u88dc\u5145","text":"\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u7b56\u7565\u3002
\u66f4\u591a\u8a73\u60c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 LevelDB \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#b-tree","title":"B-Tree","text":"1970 \u5e74\u5c31\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u505a Index \u6642\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u820a\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b B-Tree \u5247\u6703\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u505a\u58d3\u7e2e\u548c\u6574\u5408\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c
\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5340\u5206\u6210\u591a\u500b\u5c0f\u584a\uff08blocks/page\uff09
ref \u6578\u91cf\u4ee3\u8868 branching factor\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u70ba\u4f8b\u5373\u662f 6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6578\u91cf\u70ba\u6578\u767e\u3002 \u6bcf\u584a 4 KB\uff0cbranching factor 500\uff0c\u5171 4 \u5c64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58 256 TB \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf
\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u7de8\u8f2f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u5230\u8a72 val \u66f4\u65b0\u5373\u53ef\u3002 \u7576\u8d85\u904e branching factor \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5c0d\u534a\u62c6\u958b\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c64\u653e\uff1a
\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u65bc Log-Structure \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cwrite \u7684\u6548\u7387\u6703\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6","title":"\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6","text":"\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u591a\u4e00\u7a2e\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u591a\u4e00\u5c64\u8003\u616e
1970 \u5e74\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u512a\u5316\uff1a
\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u985e\u578b\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u53c3\u8003\uff1a
\u7d30\u7bc0\uff1a
\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u9664\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u7d22\u5f15\u5916\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5176\u70ba \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \uff08secondary indexes\uff09\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u985e\u7684 index \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981 unique\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u6216\u6708\u6536\u5165\u3002
\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
[user-1, user-10]1_09123-*user data*\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u5b8c\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5728\u591a\u500b index \u7684 tree \u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u9032
\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5806\u7a4d\u6a94\uff08heap file\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u591a\u500b\u76f8\u540c \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u3002
\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6a94\u6848\u6709\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684 [user-1, user-10]\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u5132\u5b58
# ID,Name,Year,Salary\n1,John,20,500\n10,Marry,20,550\n\u800c \u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15 \u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u662f\u5132\u5b58 \u5806\u7a4d\u6a94 \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 user-10 \u7684 value \u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f file1-40\uff08\u7b2c 40 \u500b byte \u958b\u59cb\u7b97\u8d77\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981
\u7fa4\u805a\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\uff08clustered index\uff09\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc \u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15 \uff0c\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u4ee3\u8868\u5b58\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 \u7576\u900f\u904e \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \u627e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7fa4\u805a\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u6642\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u5176\u627e\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u4ee5 MySQL \u7684 InnoDB \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b \u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15 \u5c31\u662f \u7fa4\u805a\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u9700\u8981\uff1a
\u6709\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u6703\u5728 \u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15 \u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b58\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u7a31\u5176\u70ba covering index\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\u53ea\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u5728 clustered index\u3002
cover \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u50c5\u5132\u5b58\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8907\u5beb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5 cover \u4e00\u4e9b\u641c\u5c0b\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u4f46\u662f covering index \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u53bb\u7dad\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u6bcf\u6b21 query \u53ea\u6703\u53c3\u8003\u4e00\u500b \u7d22\u5f15 \u3002\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u500b \u7d22\u5f15 \u53bb\u505a\u7be9\u9078\u6703\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u901f\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6211\u8981\u641c\u5c0b\u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\u5728 51.5151 122.122122 \u7684\u5546\u5e97\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u628a\u7def\u5ea6\u4f5c \u7d22\u5f15 \uff0c \u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u641c\u5c0b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7d93\u5ea6\u5728 -180~180 \u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u641e\u5f97\u6709 \u7d22\u5f15 \u8ddf\u6c92 \u7d22\u5f15 \u4e00\u6a23\u3002
\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 concatenated index\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5169\u500b \u7d22\u5f15 \u6574\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u641c\u5c0b\u59d3\u548c\u540d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u59d3\u548c\u540d\u7684 concatenated index\uff1a\u738b \u5c0f\u660e\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u7576\u641c\u5c0b\u689d\u4ef6\u6539\u6210\u5c0f\u660e \u738b\uff1f
\u6bd4\u8d77 concatenated index\uff0c\u66f4\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u5132\u5b58 index \u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a R-Tree\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u591a\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684 \u7d22\u5f15 \u5834\u666f\u6709\uff1a
\u6709\u6642\u8981\u641c\u5c0b\u7684 \u7d22\u5f15 \u662f\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e32\u6587\u5b57\u53c8\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5728\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\uff1a
\u5982\u540c \u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868 \u6703\u5229\u7528\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u9375\uff08sparse keys\uff09\u53bb\u6e1b\u5c11 Index \u7684\u5132\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c Lucene \u7684\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e5f\u6703\u628a\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5b57\u5143\u4f5c\u70ba\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u9375 \uff08\u985e\u4f3c trie \u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff091\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6a21\u7cca\u641c\u5c0b\uff08fuzzy search\uff09\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684 \u6a21\u7cca\u7d22\u5f15 \uff08fuzzy index\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u985e\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-index/#\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","title":"\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab","text":"\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032\u6a94\u6848\uff08filesystem\uff09\u548c\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u5b58\u9032\u5167\u5b58\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08RAM\uff09\u6bd4\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u500b\u597d\u8655
\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a filesystem \u5728\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6a5f\u5236\uff1aIndex\u3001File \u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6578\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u8fd1\u4f86 RAM \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u4e14\u82e5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u5927\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u4fbf\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08in-memory database\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7a2e\u985e\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a
\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\u4e0d\u63a5\u89f8 filesystem\uff0c\u5176\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u904e\u89e3\u6790\uff08parse\uff09\uff0c \u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u89e3\u6790\u6240\u9700\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u9019\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8b93\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5141\u8a31\u66f4\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f47\u5217\uff08queue\uff09\u6216\u53e2\u96c6\uff08set\uff09\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f86\u4e5f\u6709\u9700\u591a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8b93\u5167\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u5167\u5b58\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7576\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u8ca0\u8377\u6642\uff0c \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u628a\u6700\u4e45\u6c92\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u9032 filesystem \u4e2d\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c OS \u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u537b\u66f4\u70ba\u7cbe\u6e96\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u50c5\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u7d44\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5340\u584a\u3002
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.652 \u21a9
\u958b\u767c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u554f\u984c\u3002
HackMD \u5831\u544a
\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7a2e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6587\u672b\u6703\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\u50c5\u4ee5 Hierarchical Tree \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u7576\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5230\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\uff08many-to-many\uff09\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u56f0\u5883\u3002
\u800c\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u518d\u6eff\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u591a\u505a\u4e00\u5c64\u8f49\u63db\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u5feb\u901f\u505a scaling \u7b49\u7b49\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u76f8\u7e7c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u95dc\u4fc2","title":"\u95dc\u4fc2","text":"\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u6703\u6709\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5427\uff01
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a","title":"\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a","text":"\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u591a","title":"\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\uff08\u591a\uff09","text":"\u300c\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u300d\u548c\u300c\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u300d\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u82e5\u8cbc\u6587\u53ea\u770b\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u300d\u3002
\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u96e3\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4e14\u96e3\u4ee5 query\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8ff4\u5708\u4f86\u64b0\u5beb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb","title":"\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb","text":"Conference on Data System Language(CODASYL)\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002
\u6bcf\u500b\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u6a39\uff0c\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u6703\u6709\u5e74\u7d00\u548c\u8077\u696d\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u627e\u5230\u300c\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u8a3b\u518a\u8005\u7684\u8077\u696d\u300d\u3002
MOVE 'ACCOUNTANT' TO TITLE IN JOB.\nFIND FIRST JOB USING TITLE.\n IF NOT-FOUND GO TO EXIT.\n FIND FIRST EMP WITHIN ASSIGN.\n IF END-OF-SET GO TO 0.\n GET EMP.\n IF EMP.BIRTHYR I 1950 GO TO N.\n FIND OWNER WITHIN WORKS-IN.\n GET DEPT.\n ...\n FIND NEXT EMP WITHIN ASSIGN.\n GO TO M.\n FIND NEXT JOB USING TITLE.\n GO TO L.\nEXIT.\nQuote
RH Katz.: \"Decompiling CODASYL DML into Relational Queries.\", 1982
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u505a\u9019\u7a2e\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u611b\u83ab\u80fd\u52a9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","text":"Edgar Codd \u5728 1970 \u7684 A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a
\u56e0\u70ba\u95dc\u4fc2\u88ab\u62bd\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0b\uff0c\u7be9\u9078\uff08WHERE\uff09\u548c\u8abf\u6574\u9806\u5e8f\uff08SORT BY\uff09\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u806f\u5408\uff08JOIN\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08consistency\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6bcf\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8077\u7a31\uff0c\u5728\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u4e2d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08table\uff09\u7684 ID \u53bb\u505a\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8077\u7a31\u6539\u8b8a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u8077\u7a31\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u88e1\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u6240\u6709\u548c\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8077\u7a31\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668","title":"\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668","text":"\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u770b\u5230\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u537b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
SQL \u662f\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u505a\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6642\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5354\u5b9a\u3002SQL \u5728\u63a8\u51fa\u6642\u6709\u500b\u5275\u65b0\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u6cdb\u7528\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6bcf\u6b21\u641c\u5c0b\u90fd\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d30\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u5f85\u6703\u6703\u5728\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u5404\u500b\u67e5\u8a62\uff08\u67e5\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u67e5\u7559\u8a00\uff09\uff0c\u53bb\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u90a3\u822c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u597d\u50cf\u53c8\u5982\u540c\u6a39\u72c0\u7d50\u69cb\u8cc7\u6599\u90a3\u822c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u67e5\u8a62\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u5929\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d70\u56de\u982d\u8def\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f
\u78ba\u5be6\u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u6216\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u50cf\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u90a3\u9ebc\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u505a\u806f\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u900f\u904e\u6587\u4ef6\u53c3\u8003\uff08document reference\uff09\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\u975e\u5e38\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u4e00\u6a23\u6709\u5404\u7a2e join \u548c group\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u505a\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5f8c\u9762\u505a\u8907\u88fd\uff08replication\uff09\u548c\u5206\u5340\uff08partition\uff09\u6642\u548c\u8003\u616e\u7af6\u8cfd\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\u66f4\u80fd\u9ad4\u6703\u5230\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u7db1\u76eeschema","title":"\u7db1\u76ee\uff08schema\uff09","text":"\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5be6\u969b\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ID 123 \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d93\u6b77\u300d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b
SELECT experience FROM experience_relation WHERE use_id=123 AND index=3\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b
db.get(\"users.123.experiences.3\");\n\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u548c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff08row\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u6709 user_id \u548c index\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u4f60\u65b0\u589e\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u820a\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u90fd\u6703\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u4ed6\u7684\u503c\u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u90fd\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u6a5f\u5236\u505a\u6bd4\u8f03\u8edf\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u8a2d\u6240\u6709\u820a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba null \u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u5f37\u5236\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u6d17\u4e00\u904d\uff08MySQL \u9664\u5916\uff09\u3002
\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5247\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u50c5\u5728\u6211\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6211\u9810\u8a2d\u4ed6\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u503c\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u7e3d\u7d50\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6703\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u8cc7\u6599\u4fdd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba schema-on-write\u3002
\u53cd\u4e4b\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u9810\u8a2d\u4ed6\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7db1\u76ee\u8f03\u70ba\u96b1\u6666\uff0c\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u53bb\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u70ba schema-on-read\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u7db1\u76ee\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u505a\u8abf\u6574\u5916\u4e5f\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u624b\u8173\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u50c5\u9700\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u505a\u624b\u8173\u3002
\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\u5225\uff1f
\u9019\u6bb5\u7d30\u7bc0\u6703\u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u548c\u9032\u7a0b\u505a\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916","title":"\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916","text":"\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u6709
\u8cc7\u6599\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u5b8c\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u505a\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u9ede\u9910\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8a2d\u8a08\u597d\u7684\u83dc\u55ae\u62ff\u4f86\u6e32\u67d3\u51fa\u9ede\u9910\u9801\u9762\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9700\u8981\u5404\u7a2e\u806f\u5408\uff08join\uff09\u548c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c table \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u53ea\u8981\u62ff\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u672c\u5730\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u53bb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u62ff\u3002
\u518d\u4f86\uff0c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53bb\u8f49\u63db\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u6703\u662f k-v \u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f class \u6216\u662f map/array \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u908a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e09\u9ede\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u524d\u7528\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7528\u7684\u5f88\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u9019\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u6839\u64da\u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u611f\u60f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 Firestore \u662f\u9069\u7528\u5728\u651c\u5e36\u578b\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08mobile device\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u540c\u6b65\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u8b93\u4ed6\u597d\u7528\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5c11\u4e86\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u6536\u6582","title":"\u6536\u6582","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5176\u5be6\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u50cf\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5011\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\uff0c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u4e0a\u624b\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u591a\u5c0d\u591a","title":"\u591a\u5c0d\u591a","text":"\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ef\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u65bc\uff1a
\u96d6\u7136\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u503c\u6027\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u503c\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 Facebook \u7684\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6703\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u6253\u5361\u3001\u7559\u8a00\u7b49\u7b49\u7576\u6210\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u5b58\u6210\u4e00\u5f35\u5927\u8868\u3002
\u4ee5\u66f8\u4e2d\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4f86\u505a\u8b1b\u89e3\uff0c\u7bc0\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u540c\u503c\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u9019\u908a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5206\u754c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u7684 departement \u548c\u82f1\u570b\u7684 country\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u4e2d\u5c64\u7d1a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u610f\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u5982\u679c\u662f\u505a\u6210\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8868\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u3002
\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u7dda\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7dda\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9ede\u548c\u9ede\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7fa9\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5e7e\u9ede\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e7e\u6de8\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u8abf\u6574\u7db1\u76ee\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ce6\u4e88\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f48\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7a2e\u985e","title":"\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7a2e\u985e","text":"\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb
\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b\uff08property graphs model\uff09
\u4e09\u5143\u7d44\u6a21\u578b\uff08triple-stores model\uff09
\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u5176\u5be6\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u7570\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f85\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u6642\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u611f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u6bcf\u500b\u9ede\u548c\u7dda\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a
\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6642\u9ebc\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u9577\u6210\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\uff1a
CREATE TABLE vertices (\n vertex_id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n vertex_type text,\n properties json\n)\nCREATE TABLE edges (\n edge_id integer PRIMARY KEY,\n tail_vertex integer REFERENCES vertices (vertex_id),\n head_vertex integer REFERENCES vertices (vertex_id),\n label text,\n properties json\n)\n\u4ee5 Neo4j \u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff1a
CREATE\n /* vertices */\n (NAmerica:Location {name:'North America', type:'continent'}),\n ( USA:Location {name:'United States', type:'country' }),\n ( Idaho:Location {name:'Idaho', type:'state' }),\n ( Lucy:Person {name:'Lucy'}),\n /* edges */\n (Idaho) -[:WITHIN]-> (USA) -[:WITHIN]-> (NAmerica),\n (Lucy) -[:BORN_IN]-> (Idaho)\n\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5df2\u7d93\u5e6b\u4f60\u9810\u8a2d\u597d\u7db1\u76ee\u8981\u9577\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u6dfb\u52a0\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u6703\u8981\u8dd1\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u82e5\u8981\u627e\u300c\u6240\u6709\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u300d\u9019\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u76f8\u95dc query\uff1a
MATCH\n (Person) -[:BORN_IN]-> () -[:WITHIN*0..]-> (us:Location {name:'United States'}),\n (Person) -[:LIVES_IN]-> () -[:WITHIN*0..]-> (en:Location {name:'Europe'}),\nRETURN Person.name\n\u9019\u500b\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u8b93\u67e5\u8a62\u900f\u904e\u8f03\u70ba\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5728\u610f\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a72\u5f9e\u4eba\u53bb\u4f9d\u5e8f\u627e\u4e0b\u53bb\u9084\u662f\u5f9e\u6700\u4e0a\u5c64\u7684\u5730\u5340\u5f80\u4e0b\u627e\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u4eba\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9084\u6709\u300c\u63a8\u85a6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9910\u5ef3\uff1a\u6709\u54ea\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u6709\u5728\u6c92\u53bb\u904e\u7684\u9910\u5ef3\u6253\u5361\uff1f\u300d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u4e09\u5143\u7d44\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u4e09\u5143\u7d44\u6a21\u578b","text":"\u548c\u5c6c\u6027\u5716\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u7570\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4ee5 (subject,predicate,object) \u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8a5e\u3001\u8853\u8a9e\u3001\u53d7\u8a5e\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff1a
@prefix : <urn:example:>. (1)\n_:lucy a :Person; :name \"Lucy\"; :bornIn _:idaho.\n_:idaho a :Location; :name \"Idaho\"; :type \"state\"; :within _:usa\n_:usa a :Loaction; :name \"United States\"; :type \"country\"; :within _:namerica.\n_:namerica a :Location; :name \"North America\"; :type \"continent\".\n\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u9054\u683c\u5f0f\u662f Turtle \u683c\u5f0f\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4f7f\u7528 SPARQL \u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff1a
PREFIX : <urn:example:>\nSELECT ?personName WHERE {\n ?person :name ?personName.\n ?person :bornIn / :within* / :name \"United States\".\n ?person :livesIn / :within* / :name \"Europe\".\n}\nSPARQL\uff08sparkle\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u8cc7\u6599\u5e73\u53f0\u73a9\u73a9\u770b
\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u96e3\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00","title":"\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00","text":"\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08query language\uff09\u9019\u88e1\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a
\u524d\u9762\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u62c9\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u6216\u9078\u64c7\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u9762\u5c07\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u70ba\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","title":"\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","text":"\u4ee5 JavaScript \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
return animals.filter((animal) => animal.family === \"Sharks\");\n\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u8ff4\u5708\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u600e\u9ebc\u6536\u96c6\u7be9\u9078\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6703\u5206\u6563\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7dda\u7a0b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc SQL
SELECT * FROM animals WHERE family = 'Sharks'\n\u4ee5 JavaScript \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
function getSharks(animals) {\n var sharks = [];\n for (var i = 0; i < animals.length; i++) {\n if (animals[i].family === \"Sharks\") {\n sharks.push(animals[i]);\n }\n }\n return sharks;\n}\n\u4f60\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u53bb\u600e\u9ebc\u8dd1\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e5f\u95e1\u660e\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u7d50\u679c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u597d\u8655","title":"\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u597d\u8655","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6bcf\u6708\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u9bca\u9b5a\u6578\u300d\u4f86\u505a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
db.observations.mapReduce(\n // (1)\n function map() {\n var year = this.observationTimestamp.getFullYear();\n var month = this.observationTimestamp.getMonth() + 1;\n emit(year + \"-\" + month, this.numAnimals);\n },\n // (2)\n function reduce(key, values) {\n return Array.sum(values);\n },\n {\n query: { family: \"Sharks\" }, // (3)\n out: \"monthlySharkReport\",\n }\n);\n\u4e0a\u8868\u662f MongoDB MapReduce \u7684\u64f4\u5145\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002MapReduce \u4e4b\u5f8c\u5728\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u6703\u8b1b\u3002
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u4ecb\u65bc\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u548c\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c 11 \u884c\u5c31\u662f\u8072\u660e\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7be9\u9078\u7a2e\u985e\u70ba\u9bca\u9b5a\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u3002
\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u4e0d\u592a\u51fa\u4f86\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff1a
Prolog\uff08Programming in Logic\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u64b0\u5beb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e9\u5728 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4ee5 Prolog \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u5883\u300c\u767c\u751f\u4e00\u5834\u547d\u6848\uff0c\u8acb\u900f\u904e\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u627e\u51fa\u8ab0\u5728\u8aaa\u8b0a\u300d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u8ab0\u5728\u8aaa\u8b0a\uff1a
% \u5b9a\u7fa9\u8b49\u8a5e\ntestimony(a, friend(b)). % (1)\ntestimony(a, enemy(c)).\ntestimony(b, out_of_town(b)).\ntestimony(b, stranger(b)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(c)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(a)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(b)).\n\n% \u5ba3\u544a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u7684\ninconsistent(friend(X), enemy(X)).\ninconsistent(friend(X), stranger(X)).\ninconsistent(enemy(X), stranger(X)).\ninconsistent(out_of_town(X), in_town(X)).\n\n% \u627e\u51fa\u8aaa\u8b0a\u8005\nlier(L) :-\n member(L, [a, b, c]), % \u5f9e a, b, c \u4e2d\u62c9\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53eb L(lier)\n select(L, [a, b, c], Witness), % \u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u7b97\u9032\u8b49\u4eba\n consistent(Witness). % \u8b49\u4eba\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\n\n% \u7fa4\u7d44\u4e2d\u5927\u5bb6\u8b49\u8a5e\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\nconsistent(W) :-\n \\+ inconsistent_testimony(W).\n\n% \u7fa4\u7d44\u4e2d\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\ninconsistent_testimony(W) :-\n member(X, W), % \u5f9e\u7fa4\u7d44\u4e2d\u6311\u51fa X \u548c Y\n member(Y, W),\n X \\= Y, % X \u548c Y \u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\n testimony(X, XT), % \u62ff\u51fa X \u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u8a5e\n testimony(Y, YT), % \u62ff\u51fa Y \u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u8a5e\n inconsistent(XT, YT). % \u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u7684\ntestimony(a, knew(b)).\ntestimony(a, knew(c)).\ntestimony(a, innocent(a)).\ntestimony(b, out_of_town(b)).\ntestimony(b, stranger(b)).\ntestimony(c, innocent(c)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(a)).\ntestimony(c, in_town(b)).\n\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u96e3\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u985e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6703\u628a\u908f\u8f2f\u653e\u5728\u8166\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u5be6\u4f5c\u5beb\u6210\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
Datalog
Datalog \u662f Prolog\uff08Programming in Logic\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5c31\u50cf SQL \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u898f\u7bc4\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cDatalog \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ecc\u7bc4\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u53bb\u5be6\u8e10\u5b83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 Cascalog\u3002
within_recursive(Location, Name) :- name(Location, Name). /* (1) */\n\nwithin_recursive(Location, Name) :- within(Location, BiggerLoc),\n within_recursive(BiggerLoc, Name).\n\nmigrated(Name, BornIn, LivingIn) :- name(Person, Name),\n born_in(Person, BornLoc),\n within_recursive(BornLoc, BornIn),\n lives_in(Person, LivingLoc),\n within_recursive(LivingLoc, LivingIn).\n\n?- migrated(Who, 'United States', 'Europe').\n/* Who = 'Lucy'. */\nwithin \u5c31\u53d6\u540d\u7a31\u3002Datalog \u5ba3\u544a\u6c92\u6709\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u548c Prolog \u76f8\u53cd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/foundation-model/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u9019\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u672a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u6642\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c3\u8003\u3002
\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5be6\u4f5c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d6\u6368\u3002
\u88dc\u5145\uff1a
\u7c21\u8981\u8aaa\u660e
\u672c\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868\u50c5\u7c21\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u5404\u500b\u8a5e\u4ee3\u8868\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8207\u61c9\u5834\u666f\u7b49\u7b49\u8acb\u770b\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7570\u6b65","title":"\u7570\u6b65","text":"asynchronous
\u547c\u53eb\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7db2\u8def\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\u3002\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6703\u5047\u8a2d\u5176\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u540c\u6b65
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u539f\u5b50\u6027","title":"\u539f\u5b50\u6027","text":"atomic
back-pressure
\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u8cc7\u6599\u901f\u5ea6\u8f03\u6162\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u50b3\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","title":"\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406","text":"batch process
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u5927\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a08\u7b97\u5f8c\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4fee\u6539\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6e90\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u908a\u754c","title":"\u908a\u754c","text":"bounded
\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u6216\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u5ef6\u9072\u60c5\u6cc1\u548c\u53e2\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u7121\u908a\u754c
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u932f\u8aa4","title":"\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u932f\u8aa4","text":"Byzantine fault
\u8868\u73fe\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7570\u5e38\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u767c\u9001\u77db\u76fe\u6216\u60e1\u610f\u8a0a\u606f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5feb\u53d6","title":"\u5feb\u53d6","text":"cache
\u4e00\u7a2e\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5132\u5b58\u6700\u8fd1\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u672a\u4f86\u5c0d\u76f8\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5feb\u53d6\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5c11\u67d0\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c64\u8f03\u6162\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7372\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#cap","title":"CAP","text":"CAP theorem
\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8aa4\u89e3\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2","title":"\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2","text":"causality
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5c0d\u65e9\u671f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u6839\u64da\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5171\u8b58","title":"\u5171\u8b58","text":"consensus
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8b93\u5e7e\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u540c\u610f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54ea\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\uff09\u3002\u554f\u984c\u6bd4\u4e4d\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8981\u56f0\u96e3\u5f97\u591a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","title":"\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132","text":"data warehouse
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u81ea\uff08\u900f\u904e ETL\uff09 OLTP \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e14\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u4e26\u6e96\u5099\u7528\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u76ee\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","title":"\u8072\u660e\u5f0f","text":"declarative
\u8072\u660e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u5b83\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5668\uff08query optimizer\uff09\u6703\u900f\u904e\u8072\u660e\u6027\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u597d\u5730\u57f7\u884c\u5b83\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316","title":"\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316","text":"denormalize
\u70ba\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u5197\u9918\u6216\u91cd\u8907\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u63a1\u7528\u5feb\u53d6\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9810\u5148\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u50cf\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u6b63\u898f\u5316
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599","title":"\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599","text":"derived data
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u628a\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u5c08\u6210\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5fc5\u8981\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u8a72\u904b\u7b97\u4e26\u518d\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u63d0\u9ad8\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u8b80\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5feb\u53d6\u548c\u7269\u5316\u8996\u5716\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027","title":"\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027","text":"deterministic
\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7d66\u5b83\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u5247\u7e3d\u662f\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u96a8\u6a5f\u6578\u5b57\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u901a\u8a0a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"distributed
\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u900f\u904e\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7576\u90e8\u5206\u7bc0\u9ede\u6545\u969c\u6642\u5177\u6709\u5bb9\u932f\u6027\uff08\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u767c\u751f\u6545\u969c\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8edf\u9ad4\u7121\u9700\u77ad\u89e3\u6545\u969c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6301\u7e8c\u6027","title":"\u6301\u7e8c\u6027","text":"durable
\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u767c\u751f\u5404\u7a2e\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u4e1f\u5931\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#etl","title":"ETL","text":"Extract-Transform-Load
\u8403\u53d6\u3001\u8b8a\u63db\u53ca\u8f09\u5165\uff0c\u5f9e\u6e90\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u8f09\u5165\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5009\u5132\u6216\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db","title":"\u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db","text":"failover
\u5728\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u5207\u63db\u662f\u5c07\u9818\u5c0e\u89d2\u8272\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5bb9\u932f","title":"\u5bb9\u932f","text":"fault-tolerant
\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u5d29\u6f70\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u5931\u6557\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u6062\u5fa9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6d41\u63a7\u5236","title":"\u6d41\u63a7\u5236","text":"flow control
\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u8cc7\u6599\u901f\u5ea6\u8f03\u6162\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u50b3\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u53cd\u58d3\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u96a8\u52d5\u8005","title":"\u96a8\u52d5\u8005","text":"follower, secondary, slave, read replica, hot standby
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u50c5\u8655\u7406\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u4f86\u81ea\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5beb\u5165\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22","title":"\u5168\u6587\u6aa2\u7d22","text":"full-text search
\u900f\u904e\u4efb\u610f\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u4f86\u641c\u5c0b\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5339\u914d\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u62fc\u5beb\u8a5e\u6216\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u652f\u63f4\u9019\u7a2e\u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","title":"\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b","text":"graph model
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7531\u9ede\uff08vertices\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba nodes \u6216 entities\uff09\u548c\u908a\uff08\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u9ede\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9802\u9ede\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba relationships \u6216 arcs\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u96dc\u6e4a","title":"\u96dc\u6e4a","text":"hash
\u5c07\u8f38\u5165\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u96a8\u6a5f\u6578\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6703\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u822c\u6703\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u76f8\u540c\u6578\u503c\uff08\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u885d\u7a81 collision\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7368\u7acb\u7684","title":"\u7368\u7acb\u7684","text":"idempotent
\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u7a2e\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u91cd\u8a66\u57f7\u884c\uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u57f7\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"index
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u6aa2\u7d22\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u9694\u96e2\u6027","title":"\u9694\u96e2\u6027","text":"isolation
\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e26\u884c\u57f7\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u64fe\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5f37\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5176\u5b83\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u806f\u5408","title":"\u806f\u5408","text":"join, document reference, edge
\u5f59\u96c6\u6709\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u6709\u95dc\uff08\u5916\u4f86\u9375\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684 document reference\uff0c\u5716\u50cf\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u908a edge\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u67e5\u8a62\u9700\u8981\u7372\u53d6\u53c3\u8003\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u9818\u5c0e\u8005","title":"\u9818\u5c0e\u8005","text":"leader, master
\u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u88ab\u8907\u5236\u5230\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u5206\u767c\u5df2\u6388\u6b0a\u8b8a\u66f4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\u3002\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5354\u8b70\u9078\u8209\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u624b\u52d5\u9078\u64c7\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7dda\u6027\u5316","title":"\u7dda\u6027\u5316","text":"linearizable
\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u526f\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5c40\u90e8\u6027","title":"\u5c40\u90e8\u6027","text":"locality
\u4e00\u7a2e\u6548\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8acb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u96e2\u6563\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u9396","title":"\u9396","text":"lock
\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fdd\u8b49\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7dda\u7a0b\u3001\u7bc0\u9ede\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2a\u554f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u5b83\u7dda\u7a0b\u3001\u7bc0\u9ede\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u60f3\u8a2a\u554f\u76f8\u540c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u5f85\u9396\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u65e5\u8a8c","title":"\u65e5\u8a8c","text":"log
\u65e5\u8a8c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5b58\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9810\u5beb\u5f0f\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08WAL\uff09\u7528\u65bc\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5d29\u6f70\u6642\u6062\u5fa9\u8cc7\u6599\uff1b\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08log-structured\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u8a8c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b\u8907\u88fd\u578b\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08replication log\uff09\u7528\u65bc\u628a\u5beb\u5165\u5f9e\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u96a8\u52d5\u8005\uff1b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6027\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08event log\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u4e32\u6d41\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7269\u5316","title":"\u7269\u5316","text":"materialize
\u9810\u5148\u8a08\u7b97\u4e26\u5beb\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7bc0\u9ede","title":"\u7bc0\u9ede","text":"node
\u4e00\u500b\u57f7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u9ede\u901a\u8a0a\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6b63\u898f\u5316","title":"\u6b63\u898f\u5316","text":"normalized
\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u5197\u9918\u6216\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u3002 \u5728\u6b63\u898f\u5283\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u67d0\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8907\u88fd\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u53bb\u6b63\u898f\u5316
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#olap","title":"OLAP","text":"Online Analytic Processing
\u7dda\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u8655\u7406\u3002\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u70ba\u805a\u5408\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8a08\u6578\uff0c\u7e3d\u548c\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#oltp","title":"OLTP","text":"Online Transaction Processing
\u7dda\u4e0a\u7570\u52d5\u8655\u7406\u3002\u5176\u6a21\u5f0f\u70ba\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u8b80\u53d6\u6216\u5beb\u5165\u5c11\u91cf\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u900f\u904e\u9375\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5206\u5340","title":"\u5206\u5340","text":"partitioning, sharding
\u5c07\u55ae\u6a5f\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u6216\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u62c6\u5206\u70ba\u8f03\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5206\u4f48\u5230\u591a\u81fa\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u767e\u5206\u4f4d","title":"\u767e\u5206\u4f4d","text":"percentile
\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u503c\u9ad8\u65bc\u6216\u4f4e\u65bc\u67d0\u500b\u95be\u503c\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u503c\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u500b\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u7684\u7b2c 95 \u500b\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u97ff\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u662f\u6642\u9593 t\uff0c\u5247\u8a72\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c95%\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\u9593\u5c0f\u65bc t\uff0c5%\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\u9593\u8981\u6bd4 t \u9577\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u4e3b\u7d22\u5f15","text":"primary index
\u552f\u4e00\u6a19\u8b58\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u503c \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6578\u5b57\u6216\u5b57\u4e32 \u3002\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u9375\u7531\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u751f\u6210\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6309\u9806\u5e8f\u6216\u96a8\u6a5f\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6578","title":"\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6578","text":"quorum
\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u64cd\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u6295\u7968\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7bc0\u9ede\u6578\u91cf\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u518d\u5e73\u8861","title":"\u518d\u5e73\u8861","text":"rebalance
\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8907\u88fd","title":"\u8907\u88fd","text":"replication
\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\uff08\u6216\u7a31 replica\uff09\u4e0a\u4fdd\u7559\u76f8\u540c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7121\u6cd5\u8a2a\u554f\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4ecd\u53ef\u8a2a\u554f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7db1\u76ee","title":"\u7db1\u76ee","text":"schema
\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u6b04\u4f4d\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u9031\u671f\u6642\u6aa2\u67e5\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u8a72\u7db1\u76ee\uff0c\u4e14\u8a72\u7db1\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u6709\u6240\u8b8a\u5316\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15","title":"\u6b21\u7d1a\u7d22\u5f15","text":"secondary index
\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u8d77\u7dad\u8b77\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u641c\u5c0b\u8207\u67d0\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5e8f\u5217\u5316","title":"\u5e8f\u5217\u5316","text":"serializable
\u4fdd\u8b49\u591a\u500b\u4f75\u767c\u4ea4\u6613\u540c\u6642\u57f7\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u6309\u9806\u5e8f\u9010\u500b\u57f7\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u540c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7121\u5171\u4eab","title":"\u7121\u5171\u4eab","text":"shared-nothing
\u8207\u5171\u4eab\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6216\u5171\u4eab\u78c1\u789f\u67b6\u69cb\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u7bc0\u9ede \u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 CPU\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u548c\u78c1\u789f\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u504f\u659c","title":"\u504f\u659c","text":"skew
split brain
\u5169\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u540c\u6642\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ef\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u670d\u52d9\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8caf\u5b58\u7a0b\u5e8f","title":"\u8caf\u5b58\u7a0b\u5e8f","text":"stored procedure
\u4e00\u7a2e\u628a\u4ea4\u6613\u908f\u8f2f\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\u653e\u9032\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0a\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u57f7\u884c\u671f\u9593\u7121\u9700\u8207\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u901a\u8a0a\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","title":"\u4e32\u6d41\u8655\u7406","text":"stream process
\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u63a5\u6536\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d41\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f38\u51fa\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u540c\u6b65","title":"\u540c\u6b65","text":"synchronous
\u547c\u53eb\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u518d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u7570\u6b65
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u539f\u59cb\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u539f\u59cb\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"system of record, source of truth
\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cfb\u7d71\u5132\u5b58\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u5177\u6b0a\u5a01\u6216\u8005\u6700\u771f\u5be6\uff09\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u8d85\u6642","title":"\u8d85\u6642","text":"timeout
\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6545\u969c\u7684\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u89c0\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8d85\u6642\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9060\u7aef\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6216\u8005\u7db2\u8def\u6e9d\u901a\u6642\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5168\u5e8f","title":"\u5168\u5e8f","text":"total order
\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6642\u9593\u6233\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u7e3d\u662f\u8aaa\u51fa\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e00\u4ef6\u8f03\u65e9\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u54ea\u4ef6\u8f03\u665a\u767c\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u5176\u5148\u5f8c\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u70ba\u504f\u5e8f\uff08partial order\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u4ea4\u6613","title":"\u4ea4\u6613","text":"transaction
\u70ba\u4e86\u7c21\u5316\u5bb9\u932f\uff08fault tolerance\uff09\u548c\u4e26\u884c\uff08concurrency\uff09\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c07\u5e7e\u500b\u8b80\u5beb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u7d44\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\u55ae\u5143\u4e2d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4","title":"\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4","text":"2PC, two-phase commit
\u4e00\u7a2e\u78ba\u4fdd\u591a\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u5168\u90e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u4e2d\u6b62\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396","title":"\u5169\u968e\u6bb5\u9396","text":"2PL, two-phase locking
\u4e00\u7a2e\u7528\u65bc\u5be6\u73fe\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a72\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u6703\u8ce6\u4e88\u9396\u65bc\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u7d50\u675f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/designing-data-intensive-applications/glossary/#\u7121\u908a\u754c","title":"\u7121\u908a\u754c","text":"unbounded
\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u6216\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a5e\u662f\u908a\u754c bounded \u3002
\u53cd\u7fa9\uff1a\u908a\u754c
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/","title":"Distributed Systems with Node.js","text":"\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u7c4d \u4f7f\u7528 Repo Distributed-Systems-with-Node.js evan361425/distributed-node"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/#\u8aaa\u660e","title":"\u8aaa\u660e","text":"\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7686\u70ba\u540c\u4e00\u5305\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\uff1f
\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6210\u672c\u592a\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002
\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u62c6\u6210\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0f\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002 \u9019\u6642\u4ecd\u6703\u9047\u5230\u50b3\u7d71\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u67b6\u69cb\u82e5\u7121\u8aaa\u660e\u5247\u70ba\uff1a
\u8b1b\u89e3\u9806\u5e8f\uff1a
\uff08\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u300c\u554f\u984c x\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u5617\u8a66\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff09
\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u8aaa\u660e Container \u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u5efa\u69cb\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u800c Docker \u4e0d\u50c5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5305\u88dd\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u7ba1\u7406 Container\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\uff1a
\u9019\u6642\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u8abf\u5ea6\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Container\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#kubernetes","title":"Kubernetes","text":"Kubernetes \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u5148\u7c21\u55ae\u4ecb\u7d39\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u540d\u8a5e\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u4f5c\u6642\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5404\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u611f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u55ae\u4f4d","title":"\u55ae\u4f4d","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c07\u9010\u4e00\u4ecb\u7d39 Kubernetes \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002
\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 Docker \u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u63d0\u5230\u7684 rkt \u4e5f\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#volume","title":"Volume","text":"\u548c Host \u7684 filesystem \u505a\u9023\u63a5\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5c0d Container \u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#pod","title":"Pod","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u5305\u88dd Container \u548c Volume \u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b Pod \u6703\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u500b IP\u3002\u82e5 Pod \u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u591a\u7684 Container \u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5404\u500b Container \u6703\u5171\u7528\u8a72\u7d44 IP\u3002
\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u756b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5716\uff1a
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#node","title":"Node","text":"\u5982\u540c Docker \u7ba1\u7406 Container \u4e00\u822c\uff0cNode \u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u7406 Pod \u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002 \u4e00\u500b Node \u5e95\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f14\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u500b Pod \u548c Container\uff1a
\u7528\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406 Node\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5916\u958b\u653e API\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9014\u5f91\u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5404\u500b Node\u3002 \u5982\uff1a\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e kubectl \u900f\u904e Master \u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5404\u500b Node\u3002 \uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Docker CLI \u900f\u904e Daemon \u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5404\u500b Container\uff09
\u4e00\u7d44\u7531 Master \u548c\u591a\u500b Node \u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u5b8c\u6574\u6982\u7565\u5716","title":"\u5b8c\u6574\u6982\u7565\u5716","text":""},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u6982\u5ff5","title":"\u6982\u5ff5","text":"\u6bcf\u6b21\u547c\u53eb Master \u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b Cluster \u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u67d0\u67d0 Node \u88e1\u9762\u6709 10 \u500b\u7248\u672c 2 \u7684 Pod\u3002
\u6b64\u6642 Kubernetes \u5c31\u6703\u91dd\u5c0d\u8a72\u72c0\u614b\u958b\u59cb\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u3001\u5347\u9ad8\u6578\u91cf\u6216\u5347\u964d\u7248\u672c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u7531 Kubernetes \u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u3002
\u6b64\u8655\u5305\u62ec\u57f7\u884c\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u671f 10 \u500b Pod\uff0c\u73fe\u6709 4 \u500b\uff0c\u9700\u589e\u52a0 6 \u500b\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u7684 6 \u500b\u5c31\u662f Kubernetes \u81ea\u884c\u53bb\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u5e7e\u500b\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u5be6\u4f5c\u6703\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u90e8\u7f72\u6642\u6b32\u9054\u6210\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u72c0\u614b\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u7248\u672c\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#selector","title":"Selector","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a Pod \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6709\u9ad8\u904b\u7b97\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5c31\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u6709 machine:physical \u9019\u500b Label \u7684 Pod\u3002
\u7528\u4f86\u5e6b Node \u548c Pod \u8cbc\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
platform:nodeplayform-version:v14machine:physicalkernel:3.16app:web-api app:recipe-apiLabel \u4e0d\u5fc5\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e00\u6a23\u7684 key\uff0c\u5982\uff1aplatform:node\u3001platform:alpine
Kubernetes \u6703\u6e2c\u8a66\u73fe\u6709\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u5982 CPU/Memory\uff09\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u6dfb\u52a0 Pod\u3002\u82e5\u7121\uff0c\u5247\u7b49\u5f85\u3002
\u9810\u8a2d\u505a Scheduling \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u70ba kube-scheduler\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#controller","title":"Controller","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u63a7\u5236 Kubernetes \u5404\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#replicaset","title":"ReplicaSet","text":"\u9664\u4e86 ReplicaSet \u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u7fa4\u7d44\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
Stateful \u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5831\u544a\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5efa\u69cb\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u9818\u57df\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#probe","title":"Probe","text":"\u7528\u4f86\u505a Health Check\u3002
\u5982\u540c Docker \u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u500b Container \u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u7684 port \u4e00\u6a23\uff0cService \u4e5f\u6703\u5229\u7528 Selector \u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u500b Pod \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5916\u7684\u3002 \u985e\u4f3c\u65bc reverse-proxy \u822c\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5916\u90e8\u54ea\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u9001\u9032 Pod \u88cf\u9762\u3002
\u5728\u524d\u5e7e\u6b21\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u63d0\u5230 service\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u6b64\u8655\u63d0\u5230\u7684 Service
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#ingress","title":"Ingress","text":"\u7ba1\u7406 Cluster \u5916\u90e8\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#alternatives","title":"Alternatives","text":"\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cKubernetes \u64c1\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9054\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 dev/stg \u7684\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u5272\uff09\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u4e26\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6db5\u84cb Kubernetes \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5 etcd \u505a\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09
Apache Mesos \u548c Apache Marathon \u7684\u7d44\u5408\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u985e\u4f3c Kubernetes \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 Docker Swarm \u662f Docker \u539f\u751f\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u8abf\u5ea6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46 Docker \u5df2\u7d93\u6368\u68c4\u4e26\u6539\u63a1\u548c Kubernetes \u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#minikube","title":"minikube","text":"\u70ba\u4e86\u7c21\u5316\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u5be6\u4f5c\u6703\u900f\u904e minikube \u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002minikube \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u5316\u7248\u7684 Kubernetes\uff0c\u4ed6\u6e1b\u5c11\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u628a Master/Node \u878d\u5408\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
kubectl version --clientbrew install kubernetes-cli
minikube versionbrew install minikube
$ minikube start\n\ud83d\ude04 minikube v1.20.0 on Darwin 11.4\n\ud83c\udf89 minikube 1.22.0 is available! Download it: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/tag/v1.22.0\n\u2728 Using the hyperkit driver based on existing profile\n\ud83d\udca1 To disable this notice, run: 'minikube config set WantUpdateNotification false'\n\n\ud83d\udc4d Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube\n\ud83d\udd04 Restarting existing hyperkit VM for \"minikube\" ...\n\ud83d\udc33 Preparing Kubernetes v1.20.2 on Docker 20.10.6 ...\n\ud83d\udd0e Verifying Kubernetes components...\n \u25aa Using image k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.44.0\n \u25aa Using image kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.1.0\n \u25aa Using image docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1\n \u25aa Using image kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4\n \u25aa Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5\n \u25aa Using image docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1\n\ud83d\udd0e Verifying ingress addon...\n\ud83c\udf1f Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass, ingress, dashboard\n\ud83c\udfc4 Done! kubectl is now configured to use \"minikube\" cluster and \"default\" namespace by default\n$ kubectl get pods\nNo resources found in default namespace.\n\u56e0\u70ba\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528 default namespace
$ kubectl get namespace\nNAME STATUS AGE\ndefault Active 48d\ningress-nginx Active 48d\nkube-node-lease Active 48d\nkube-public Active 48d\nkube-system Active 48d\nkubernetes-dashboard Active 48d\n$ kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system\nNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE\ncoredns-74ff55c5b-sq5jt 1/1 Running 1 48d\netcd-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-proxy-vslx5 1/1 Running 1 48d\nkube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 1 48d\nstorage-provisioner 1/1 Running 2 48d\n$ kubectl get nodes\nNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION\nminikube Ready control-plane,master 48d v1.20.2\ndocker ps\u518d\u5957\u7528 minikube \u7684 Docker daemon eval $(minikube -p minikube docker-env)
$ minikube -p minikube docker-env\nexport DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=\"1\"\nexport DOCKER_HOST=\"tcp://192.168.64.2:2376\"\nexport DOCKER_CERT_PATH=\"/Users/evan.lu/.minikube/certs\"\nexport MINIKUBE_ACTIVE_DOCKERD=\"minikube\"\n\n# To point your shell to minikube's docker-daemon, run:\n# eval $(minikube -p minikube docker-env)\n\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u547c\u53eb docker ps
$ docker ps\nCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES\nc3a17f71f9f9 435df390f367 \"/usr/bin/dumb-init \u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_controller_ingress-nginx-controller-5d88495688-ljjlx_ingress-nginx_44335178-30e5-4dc5-a481-7980627f281d_1\n825f8d008c8f 86262685d9ab \"/metrics-sidecar\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_dashboard-metrics-scraper_dashboard-metrics-scraper-f6647bd8c-zbbkd_kubernetes-dashboard_13929488-084b-407c-9339-1b6b7b7feb2d_1\n8258d336d0d1 6e38f40d628d \"/storage-provisioner\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_storage-provisioner_storage-provisioner_kube-system_182b3e9c-2cd2-429f-aa0f-3103f916f32a_2\n9edd75250040 9a07b5b4bfac \"/dashboard --insecu\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kubernetes-dashboard_kubernetes-dashboard-968bcb79-4l99k_kubernetes-dashboard_5cfcc5ce-7fb2-4304-baa1-6bf491e71469_1\nc53e01b79ee7 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp k8s_POD_ingress-nginx-controller-5d88495688-ljjlx_ingress-nginx_44335178-30e5-4dc5-a481-7980627f281d_1\n72d0bf46751a k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_storage-provisioner_kube-system_182b3e9c-2cd2-429f-aa0f-3103f916f32a_1\nb5ef7f9450a2 43154ddb57a8 \"/usr/local/bin/kube\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-proxy_kube-proxy-vslx5_kube-system_e9319a11-d048-41ed-8cb1-92a0a17d67b5_1\n0cb200215df8 bfe3a36ebd25 \"/coredns -conf /etc\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_coredns_coredns-74ff55c5b-sq5jt_kube-system_8f238e64-e20d-4899-8a46-96d783fa8250_1\n7ffd1a33f25c k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_dashboard-metrics-scraper-f6647bd8c-zbbkd_kubernetes-dashboard_13929488-084b-407c-9339-1b6b7b7feb2d_1\nb589a1d27625 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kubernetes-dashboard-968bcb79-4l99k_kubernetes-dashboard_5cfcc5ce-7fb2-4304-baa1-6bf491e71469_1\n809d46696a2e k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-proxy-vslx5_kube-system_e9319a11-d048-41ed-8cb1-92a0a17d67b5_1\na6e5be9a3bb9 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_coredns-74ff55c5b-sq5jt_kube-system_8f238e64-e20d-4899-8a46-96d783fa8250_1\n41d81fb8bbd9 0369cf4303ff \"etcd --advertise-cl\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_etcd_etcd-minikube_kube-system_cf26ec9554c6f440822285b6ff9668f3_1\nc7a6eca2d3f9 ed2c44fbdd78 \"kube-scheduler --au\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-scheduler_kube-scheduler-minikube_kube-system_6b4a0ee8b3d15a1c2e47c15d32e6eb0d_1\n3e9a5a9df7da a27166429d98 \"kube-controller-man\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-controller-manager_kube-controller-manager-minikube_kube-system_474c55dfb64741cc485e46b6bb9f2dc0_1\ndcbf747b8975 a8c2fdb8bf76 \"kube-apiserver --ad\u2026\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_kube-apiserver_kube-apiserver-minikube_kube-system_0a7845e36bfd593e2ff9a027038089d3_1\nac54b241757d k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-scheduler-minikube_kube-system_6b4a0ee8b3d15a1c2e47c15d32e6eb0d_1\n6a91f7f8e57c k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-controller-manager-minikube_kube-system_474c55dfb64741cc485e46b6bb9f2dc0_1\n495996cf491c k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_kube-apiserver-minikube_kube-system_0a7845e36bfd593e2ff9a027038089d3_1\n6ea9c36a7ff8 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 \"/pause\" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes k8s_POD_etcd-minikube_kube-system_cf26ec9554c6f440822285b6ff9668f3_1\n\u6709\u4e00\u500b UI \u4ecb\u9762\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u5c0d Kubernetes \u66f4\u4e86\u89e3
$ minikube dashboard\n\ud83e\udd14 Verifying dashboard health ...\n\ud83d\ude80 Launching proxy ...\n\ud83e\udd14 Verifying proxy health ...\n\ud83c\udf89 Opening http://127.0.0.1:56616/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...\nminikube \u5f88\u9069\u5408\u7528\u4f86\u505a local \u7aef\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ecd\u5efa\u8b70\u76f4\u63a5\u5b89\u88dd Kubernetes\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","title":"\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","text":"\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a
\u958b\u59cb\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u628a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7528 image \u5305\u88dd\u597d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","title":"\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","text":"\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528 minikube \u7684 Docker \u5efa\u7f6e image\u3002
eval $(minikube -p minikube docker-env)\ndocker build . -t recipe-api:latest\n\u5206\u5225\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c Service
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f_1","title":"\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f","text":"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\n\u4f7f\u7528\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u4f86\u90e8\u7f72\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u7d30\u8b1b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u5404\u884c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u50c5\u6982\u8ff0\u3002 web-deployment\u3001recipe-deployment
\u5957\u7528\u81f3 minikube\uff1a
kubectl apply -f minikube/recipe-deployment.yml\n\u9019\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u555f\u52d5\u6210\u529f
$ kubectl get deployment\nNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE\nrecipe-api 5/5 5 5 19h\nweb-api 3/3 3 3 18h\n\u4f7f\u7528\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u4f86\u90e8\u7f72 Service\u3002
\u5728 web-service \u4e2d\u4e00\u540c\u8a2d\u5b9a Ingress\u3002 web-service\u3001recipe-service
host1 \u5f15\u5230 Service A \u6216 /api/v1 \u5f15\u5230 Service B\u5957\u7528\u81f3 minikube\uff1a
kubectl apply -f minikube/recipe-service.yml\n\u53d6\u5f97 Cluster Ingress address
$ kubectl get ingress\nNAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE\nweb-api-ingress <none> example.org 192.168.64.2 80 96s\ncurl -H \"Host: example.org\" http://192.168.64.2\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc4\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e docker-compose \u9054\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Kubernetes \u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#\u7248\u672c","title":"\u7248\u672c","text":"\u7576\u6709\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u6642\uff0cKubernetes \u6703\u5148\u628a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684 Pod \u555f\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7b49\u820a\u7248\u672c\u7684 Pod \u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002
\u5148\u628a\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94 web-deployment.yml \u5c0d Container \u7684\u7248\u672c\u8abf\u6574\u81f3 v2\uff0c\u518d\u5957\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u5230 minikube\u3002
--record=true \u53ef\u4ee5\u8a18\u9304\u672c\u6b21\u6307\u4ee4\u5230 revision\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u672a\u4f86\u9000\u7248\u78ba\u8a8d\u7248\u672c
kubectl apply -f minikube/web-deployment.yml --record=true\nKubernetes \u8db3\u5920\u8070\u660e\u53bb\u5224\u65b7\u4f60\u6539\u52d5\u4e86\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8abf\u6574\u3002
\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5427\u3002
-w \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u76e3\u63a7\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c-l \u7be9\u9078\u7279\u5b9a label \u7684 Pod
$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=web-api\nNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-5824q 1/1 Running 0 19h\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-6x9bc 1/1 Terminating 0 19h\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-hk2dp 1/1 Running 0 19h\nweb-api-d85b66d56-pkrv5 1/1 Running 0 3s\nweb-api-d85b66d56-bgw55 1/1 Running 0 2s\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-hk2dp 1/1 Terminating 0 19h\nweb-api-d85b66d56-6qsp4 0/1 Pending 0 0s\nweb-api-d85b66d56-6qsp4 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s\nweb-api-d85b66d56-6qsp4 1/1 Running 0 2s\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7-5824q 1/1 Terminating 0 19h\n\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u6709\u904e\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002
$ kubectl get rs -l app=web-api\nNAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE\nweb-api-769dc9c8b7 0 0 0 20h\nweb-api-d85b66d56 3 3 3 6m34s\n\u9000\u7248\u6642\uff0c\u5148\u78ba\u8a8d\u7248\u672c\u865f\u78bc\uff1a
$ kubectl rollout history deployment.v1.apps/web-api\nREVISION CHANGE-CAUSE\n1 <none>\n2 kubectl apply --filename=web-api-deployment.yml --record=true\n\u9000\u7248\uff1a
$ kubectl rollout undo deployment.v1.apps/web-api \\\n --to-revision=1\n\u624b\u52d5\u589e\u9577\u5230\u5341\u500b
$ kubectl scale deployment.apps/recipe-api --replicas=10\ndeployment.apps/recipe-api scaled\n$ kubectl get deployment\nNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE\nrecipe-api 5/10 10 5 1m\nweb-api 3/3 3 3 1m\n\u9664\u4e86\u900f\u904e\u6307\u4ee4\u589e\u6e1b Pod \u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u52d5 Deployment \u6a94\uff0c\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u3002
\u5728 scaling \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cKubernetes \u6703\u78ba\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u624d\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u6642\u4ea6\u540c\u3002
\u9019\u88e1\u7684 scaling \u662f\u52d5\u614b\u8abf\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u800c docker-compose \u662f\u7576\u521d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5f8c\u505a\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u975e scaling\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u624b\u52d5\u589e\u9577\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0cKubernetes \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\uff1a
Kubernetes \u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u624d\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u6478\u7d22\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u672a\u4f86\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u77ad\u89e3\u4e26\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\uff01
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container-orchestration-and-misc/#misc","title":"Misc","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/","title":"Container","text":""},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u591a\u500b","title":"\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u591a\u500b","text":"\u554f\u984c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6210\u591a\u500b\u6642\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#protocol","title":"Protocol","text":"JSON - \u7576\u4f60\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b API Endpoint\uff0c\u8db3\u77e3\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u4f60\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a Endpoint \u751a\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u9700\u8981\u5404\u500b Endpoint \u7684\u8cc7\u6e90...
GraphQL - \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u7aef\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u591a\u500b API \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u7d44\u7e54\u67e5\u8a62\u5167\u5bb9
\u4f46\u662f API \u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u591a\u7a2e\u908f\u8f2f...
gRPC - \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c08\u5fc3\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684 HTTP client \u7686\u5df2\u7d93\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#sla-and-load-test","title":"SLA and Load Test","text":"\u600e\u9ebc\u78ba\u4fdd\u7522\u54c1\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u50b3\u8f38\u5f8c\u4ecd\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49
\u7576\u7522\u54c1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u5feb\u901f\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u7372\u53d6\u61c9\u7528\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u9700\u6b0a\u8861\uff1a
Container \u5305\u62ec Image\u3001Port Mapping\u3001Volume Mappings Volume \u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u7406 Container \u7aef\u548c Host \u7aef\u7684 filesystem
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#docker","title":"Docker","text":"Docker \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5efa\u7f6e Container \u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u5de5\u5177\uff1a
Docker Desktop Docker \u662f\u57f7\u884c\u5728 Linux \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u82e5\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0d\u662f Linux\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 Docker Desktop\u3002 \u5176\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb VM \u4f86\u6a21\u64ec Linux \u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u597d\u7528\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982 UI \u548c Kubernetes \u7684\u6574\u5408\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#docker-image","title":"Docker Image","text":"\u628a\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5305\u88dd\u6210 Image \u518d\u4f9d\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb Container\u3002 \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5 Node.js \u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u6bcf\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u90fd\u7a31\u70ba\u4e00\u7d44 stage\uff0c\u5982 Linux\u3001Node.js \u548c Application\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b stage \u4e2d\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c64 layer\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\u5efa\u7acb\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002
\u4ee5 Node.js \u4e26\u5305\u88dd\u5728 Alpine \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684 Image \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
$ docker pull node:lts-alpine\nc9b1b535fdd9: Pull complete\n750cdd924064: Downloading [==> ] 2.485MB/34.53MB\n2078ab7cf9df: Download complete\n02f523899354: Download complete\n/Image \u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 39.35 MB\uff0c\u9023\u7d50
\u6709\u6539\u8b8a filesystem \u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff08\u6703\u6539\u8b8a Image \u5927\u5c0f\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u5217\u51fa\u4f86\u3002
SHA \u503c\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b SHA \u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u73fe\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7d44\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002
\u82e5\u6539\u70ba Debian\uff08\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\uff09\u5247\u70ba\uff1a
$ docker pull node:lts\n199ebcd83264: Pull complete\nddbb155879c0: Pull complete\nc194bbaa3d8b: Pull complete\n6154ac87d7f3: Pull complete\n0c283e88ced7: Pull complete\ndba101298560: Pull complete\n1d8bfd4e555f: Downloading [=====> ] 7.56MB/33.38MB\n757e41ffbdcc: Download complete\n6e055c4b8721: Download complete\n/Image \u5927\u5c0f\u70ba 345.75 MB\uff0c\u9023\u7d50\u3002
Container \u90e8\u7f72\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5efa\u8b70\u4ee5\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684 Image \u70ba\u57fa\u5e95\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u90e8\u7f72\u6d41\u7a0b\u5916\uff0c\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u9762\u7a4d\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u5be6\u4f5c","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c","text":"\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u89e3 Image \u88fd\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u4f5c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u592a\u5927\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u67e5\u770b
\u900f\u904e Docker CLI \u53ef\u4ee5\u548c Container \u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011 Debug\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u9032\u5165-container","title":"\u9032\u5165 Container","text":"docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash\n-i \u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u4ee5\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u9032\u5165 Container-t \u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u4ee5 TTY session \u9032\u5165\uff0c\u548c -i \u6574\u5408\u70ba -itbash\u9032\u5165\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u900f\u904e ps -e \u8f38\u51fa\u6240\u6709 process\u3002
$ ps -e\nPID TTY TIME CMD\n 1 pts/0 00:00:00 bash\n 10 pts/0 00:00:00 ps\nbash \u4f5c\u70ba\u521d\u59cb\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728 PID 1\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\uff0cContainer \u7684\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u7576\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u670d\u52d9\u5728\u80cc\u666f\u904b\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/container/#\u5c0d-container-\u5167\u90e8\u4e0b\u9054\u6307\u4ee4","title":"\u5c0d Container \u5167\u90e8\u4e0b\u9054\u6307\u4ee4","text":"docker exec ubuntu /bin/ls /var
$ curl -o index.html http://example.org\n$ docker run --rm -p 8080:80 \\\n -v $PWD:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx\n-p \u5373\u70ba\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 port-mappings -v \u5373\u70ba volume-mappings\uff08filesystem\uff09
\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u8f03\u5c11\u5176\u4ed6\u7ba1\u7406 Container \u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff1a
\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u900f\u904e Docker \u5efa\u7acb\uff1f\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
docker run exmaple/server1 docker run exmaple/server2\u591a\u6b21 docker run exmaple/server \u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u96e3\u7ba1\u7406\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u932f\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b Image\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u5831\u544a\u63d0\u5230\u7684 ELK\uff0c\u4f46\u662f \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u82e5\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b Image \u6703\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u6d88\u5931\u3002
docker-compose \u4fbf\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd Tracing \u4e2d\u7684 Zipkin \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a
\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb docker-compose.yaml\uff1a
version: \"3.7\"\nservices:\n zipkin:\n image: openzipkin/zipkin-slim:2.19\n ports:\n - 9411:9411\n recipe-api:\n build:\n context: ./recipe-api\n dockerfile: Dockerfile-zipkin\n ports:\n - 4000:4000\n environment:\n ZIPKIN: zipkin:9411\n depends_on:\n - zipkin\n web-api:\n build:\n context: ./web-api\n dockerfile: Dockerfile-zipkin\n ports:\n - 3000:3000\n environment:\n TARGET: recipe-api:4000\n ZIPKIN: zipkin:9411\n depends_on:\n - zipkin\n - recipe-api\nDocker Hub \u63d0\u4f9b\u5b58\u653e Image \u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u79c1\u4eba\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u6578\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6 Docker Registry\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u9019\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u7701\u7565
\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7dad\u904b\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5dee\u7570\u5462\uff1f
\u672c\u7ae0\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u4ecb\u7d39 Log\u3001Tracing\u3001Metric\u3001Alert \u548c Health Check\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#log","title":"Log","text":"\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u6642\u5e38\u7528 console.log \u6216 print \u9019\u985e\u51fd\u793a\u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\u82e5\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5f9e\u9060\u5728\u4ed6\u65b9\u7684 server \u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u95dc\u8a0a\u606f\uff1f
\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39 ELK\uff08Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana\uff09\u600e\u9ebc\u8b93\u4f60\u62ff\u5230 server \u7684 log \u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u6b77\u7a0b\u6703\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u9805\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5340\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff1f
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u767c\u73fe A \u670d\u52d9\u5728\u548c B \u670d\u52d9\u8acb\u6c42\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 \u65bc\u662f\u63a5\u8457\u67e5\u770b B \u670d\u52d9\u7684 log\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u537b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u832b\u832b\u5927\u6d77\u5982\u4f55\u5c0b\uff1f
\u6b64\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Tracing \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 Zipkin\u3002
request ID \u4ee3\u8868\u5404\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 ID\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
\u9664\u4e86\u91dd\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6aa2\u95b1\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u8981\u505a\u7d71\u8a08\u5462\uff1f
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6a5f\u5668\u7684 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u56de\u61c9 4xx/5xx \u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u3001API \u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u4f48
\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u9700\u8981\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u7a31\u5176\u70ba Metric\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 Graphite\uff0cStatsD \u548c Grafana\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#alert","title":"Alert","text":"\u6709\u4e86 Metric\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e9b\u95a5\u503c\uff0c\u4f86\u901a\u77e5\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u5f97\u77e5\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982 5xx \u6bd4\u7387\u8d85\u904e 3% \u6642\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u901a\u77e5
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 Grafana\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#health-check","title":"Health Check","text":"\u82e5\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 DB\uff09\u9023\u7dda\u65b7\u6389\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u670d\u52d9\u672c\u8eab\u65b7\u7dda\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5426\u53ca\u65e9\u77e5\u9053\uff1f\u540c\u6642\u81ea\u52d5\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 HAProxy
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u6bd4\u8f03","title":"\u6bd4\u8f03","text":"\u7a2e\u985e \u591a\u670d\u52d9\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9 \u529f\u80fd \u6240\u5c6c\uff08\u6982\u7565\uff09 Log X Debug Dev Tracing O Debug Dev-Ops Metric X \u7d71\u8a08 Ops Alert X \u5206\u6790 Dev-Ops SE"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u5be6\u4f5c","title":"\u5be6\u4f5c","text":"\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#log_1","title":"Log","text":"ELK \u662f Elastic \u958b\u767c\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u958b\u767c\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f ELK \u9019\u4e09\u9805\u7522\u54c1\u3002
\u672c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u50c5\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6 ELK \u4ee3\u8868\u7684 Elasticsearch\u3001Logstash\u3001Kibana \u9019\u4e09\u500b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u7522\u54c1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\u3002
\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b API\uff0c\u6703\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u5176\u6a19\u6e96\u7684 query \u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002
Elasticsearch is fast. Really, really fast.
Elasticsearch \u64c1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u50c5\u6703\u793a\u7bc4\u5e7e\u7a2e\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#logstash","title":"Logstash","text":"Elasticsearch \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u7d66\u4ed6\uff0c\u9019\u4fbf\u662f Logstash \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8ca0\u8cac\u628a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6574\u5408\u9001\u7d66 Elasticsearch\u3002
\u9001\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u7531\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65b9\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f log file\u3001HTTP \u7b49\u3002 \u672c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u662f\u900f\u904e HTTP on UDP \u4f86\u50b3\u9001\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#kibana","title":"Kibana","text":"Elasticsearch \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b UI \u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u6642 Kibana \u5c31\u662f\u628a API \u8f49\u6210\u53ef\u8b93\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u9801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","title":"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","text":"web-api
\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u50b3\u9001\u5230 Logstash \u7684\u908f\u8f2f
logger.info(\n {\n path: req.url,\n method: req.method,\n ip: req.ip,\n ua: req.headers[\"user-agent\"] || null,\n },\n \"request-incoming\"\n);\n\u7121\u8ad6\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u683c\u5f0f\u64b0\u5beb log\uff0c\u7d71\u4e00\u5c31\u597d\u3002
\u521d\u59cb\u5316 logger
const client = dgram.createSocket(\"udp4\");\nconst stream = {\n write: (msg: string) => {\n client.send(msg, LS_PORT, LS_HOST);\n },\n};\nconst logger = pino({ level: \"trace\" }, stream);\n\u5176\u67b6\u69cb\u6703\u548c Log \u5f88\u50cf\uff0cElasticsearch \u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u9019\u985e\u7684 query \u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002 \u5176\u91cd\u9ede\u5dee\u7570\u4fbf\u662f\u5728 log \u8655\u7406\u5c0d\u8c61\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c metrics \u8655\u7406\u7684\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u5728\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6d41\u91cf\u6216\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Grafana\u3001Graphite \u548c StatsD\u3002
\u548c log \u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u4e0d\u8d05\u8ff0\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","title":"\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc","text":"web-api
\u521d\u59cb\u5316 client
const client = new StatsDClient({\n host: \"localhost\",\n port: 8125,\n prefix: \"web-api\",\n});\n\u7d71\u8a08\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u9593\u548c\u6b21\u6578
const begin = new Date();\n\nawait got(`http://${TARGET}/recipes/42`);\n\nclient.timing(\"outbound.recipe-api.request-time\", begin);\nclient.increment(\"outbound.recipe-api.request-count\");\n\u7d71\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\u8cc7\u6e90
setInterval(() => {\n client.gauge(\"server.conn\", server.connections);\n\n const m = process.memoryUsage();\n client.gauge(\"server.memory.used\", m.heapUsed);\n client.gauge(\"server.memory.total\", m.heapTotal);\n\n const h = v8.getHeapStatistics();\n client.gauge(\"server.heap.size\", h.used_heap_size);\n client.gauge(\"server.heap.limit\", h.heap_size_limit);\n\n // try to mock memory heap\n fs.readdir(__dirname, (err, list) => {\n if (err) return;\n client.gauge(\"server.descriptors\", list.length);\n });\n}, 10_000);\n\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u653e\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002 \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65b7\u7dda\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6536\u96c6\u4e0d\u5230\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6536\u96c6\u61c9\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#alternative_1","title":"Alternative","text":"Graphite -> Prometheus, InfluxDBStatsD -> cAdvisor, MetricBeat\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u6216\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u975e\u9810\u671f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u554f\u984c\u9ede\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fa8\u5225\u540c\u4e00\u652f\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u5404\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u900f\u904e\u5efa\u7acb request ID \u4f86\u8fa8\u5225\u540c\u4e00\u652f\u8acb\u6c42\u5728\u591a\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u7522\u51fa\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
web-api \u6703\u50b3\u9001 task1\u3001fetch \u548c task2\uff0crecipe-api \u6703\u50b3\u9001 recipe
web-api
const tracer = new Tracer({\n ctxImpl,\n recorder,\n localServiceName: \"web-api\",\n sampler: new sampler.CountingSampler(1),\n});\n\u7d00\u9304\u8acb\u6c42\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u548c\u7d50\u675f\u6642
app.use(expressMiddleware({ tracer }));\n\u7d00\u9304\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884c 100ms \u7684\u4efb\u52d9
await tracer.local<Promise<void>>(\n 'do_some_task',\n () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100)),\n);\n\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u88dd\u5f8c\u7684 got \u4f86\u53bb\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5176 tracing \u908f\u8f2f\u3002
await instance(`http://${TARGET}/recipes/42`).json();\nconst instance = got.extend({\n hooks: {\n init: [(opts) => (opts._zipkin.parentId = tracer.id)],\n beforeRequest: [\n (opts) => {\n // ...\n },\n ],\n afterResponse: [\n (res) => {\n // ...\n },\n ],\n beforeError: [\n (err) => {\n // ...\n return err;\n },\n ],\n },\n});\nrecipe-api
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#alert_1","title":"Alert","text":"Demo in production
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/observability/#health-check_1","title":"Health Check","text":"\u9019\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6703\u548c Alert \u4e00\u8d77\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u6253\u7279\u5b9a route \u53bb\u5f97\u77e5\u670d\u52d9\u73fe\u6709\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
\u4f46\u73fe\u6709\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6709\u7522\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528 cache \u53bb\u9054\u5230 SLA\u3002\u7576 cache \u5931\u53bb\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\u4ecd\u80fd\u904b\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u7387\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8 Latency\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u7b97\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\uff1f
\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e36\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5c degraded\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u548c\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u6709\u95dc\u4e86\u3002
\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6703\u7528 r-proxy \u505a health check \u4e14\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7d81\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u4f46\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u5efa\u8b70\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5916\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u5916\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u53bb\u505a health check\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff1aPagerDuty\u3001Nagios\u3001Pingdom\u3002 \u9664\u4e86 r-proxy\uff0c\u5c08\u505a health check \u7684\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\uff1aCabot\u3002
HAProxy \u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9ee8
# ...\n\nbackend web-api\n option httpchk GET /health\n server web-api-1 localhost:3001 check\n server web-api-2 localhost:3002 check\nweb-api
app.get(\"/health\", (_req, res) => {\n return res.send(\"OK\");\n});\n\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u584a\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u9593\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d \u6bd4\u8d77\u64b0\u5beb\u5b8c\u6574\u53c8\u6e05\u695a\u7684 API \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u670d\u52d9\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u9593\u540c\u6b65 API\uff1f
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7686\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u6e9d\u901a\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5 HTTP \u5354\u5b9a\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#osi-open-systems-interconnection","title":"OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)","text":"POST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: www.example.com\nContent-Type: application/json\nContent-Length: 15\n\n{\"name\":\"evan.lu\"}\n\u7a7a\u884c\u5f8c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u5373\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 body\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684 body \u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u5c64\u3002
\u55ae\u7d14\u900f\u904e JSON \u50b3\u905e\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1f
\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u5176\u4ed6 protocol \u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8212\u7de9\uff08\u964d\u4f4e\uff09\u4e0a\u8ff0\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u50c5\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc API \u6587\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u8f03\u5feb\u9032\u5165\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#graphql","title":"GraphQL","text":"GraphQL \u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u8ddf\u670d\u52d9\u8981\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6642\u5019\u80fd\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff1a
\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93 GraphQL \u901a\u5e38\u6210\u70ba facade services\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u773e\u591a\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u500b\u63a5\u89f8\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u5916\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6e20\u9053\u3002
GraphQL \u4e26\u4e0d\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u8981 HTTP \u4e0a\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u5982 TCP \u7b49\u5354\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002
\u96d6\u7136\u8acb\u6c42\u6642\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u985e\u4f3c Query \u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46 Response \u4e26\u7121\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u968e\u5c64\u5f0f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u884c\uff0c\u5982 JSON\u3002
type RecipeRoot {\n recipe(id: ID): Recipe\n pid: Int\n}\ntype Recipe {\n id: ID!\n name: String!\n steps: String\n ingredients: [Ingredient]!\n}\ntype Ingredient {\n id: ID!\n name: String!\n quantity: String\n}\n\u9019\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5916\u516c\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f9d\u6b64\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684 OpenAPI\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#\u8acb\u6c42","title":"\u8acb\u6c42","text":"\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u9001\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\uff1a
{\n pid\n}\n{\n \"data\": {\n \"pid\": 9372\n }\n}\n{\n recipe(id: 42) {\n name\n ingredients {\n name\n quantity\n }\n }\n}\n{\n \"data\": {\n \"recipe\": {\n \"name\": \"Chicken Tikka Masala\",\n \"ingredients\": [\n { \"name\": \"Chicken\", \"quantity\": \"1 lb\" },\n { \"name\": \"Sauce\", \"quantity\": \"2 cups\" }\n ]\n }\n }\n}\n\u4e0b\u5217\u5247\u662f\u4ee5 Node.js \u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a
// \u50c5\u5c55\u793a\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7684 `kitchenSink` \u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf debug \u7528\u7684\nconst query = `query kitchenSink ($id:ID) {\n recipe(id: $id) {\n id name\n ingredients {\n name quantity\n }\n }\n pid\n}`;\nconst variables = { id: \"42\" };\n\nreturn got(`http://${TARGET}/graphql`, {\n method: \"POST\",\n json: { query, variables },\n});\nimport {\n GraphQLID,\n GraphQLInt,\n GraphQLObjectType,\n GraphQLSchema,\n} from \"graphql\";\n\n// \u50c5\u5c55\u793a RecipeRoot \u7684\u5efa\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\nconst recipeRoot = new GraphQLObjectType({\n name: \"RecipeRoot\",\n fields: {\n pid: {\n type: GraphQLInt,\n resolve: resolvers.RecipeRoot.pid,\n },\n recipe: {\n type: recipeQuery,\n args: { id: { type: GraphQLID } },\n resolve: resolvers.RecipeRoot.recipe,\n },\n },\n});\nreturn new GraphQLSchema({ query: rootQuery });\nhttp://localhost:4000/graphql
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#grpc","title":"gRPC","text":"\u50cf\u662f REST \u6216 GraphQL \u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u900f\u904e CRUD \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5176\u9650\u5236\uff1a
\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u50c5\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e
\u8209\u4f8b\uff1a \u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u500b API endpoint \u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u767c\u7968\uff0c\u4eca\u6b32\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u9644\u5e36\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u540c\u6642\u5bc4\u9001\u4fe1\u7bb1\u901a\u77e5\u3002 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f
need_send_email\uff1a \u8b93\u8a72 endpoint \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8907\u96dcRemote Procedure Call \u5c31\u662f\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\uff01
gRPC \u70ba Google \u5efa\u7acb\u7684 RPC \u6a19\u6e96
gRPC \u9810\u8a2d\u5373\u975e\u4f7f\u7528 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5 Protocol Buffers\uff08ProtoBufs\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u50b3\u905e\u3002
\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a
.proto\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u8b93 client \u64c1\u6709\u3002int32\uff0cint64\uff0cfloat\uff0cdouble \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff1a
{\"id\":42} v.s. 42\nv1 \u9700\u8981 arg1 arg2\nv2 \u9700\u8981 arg1 arg2 arg3\n\u82e5 client \u50c5\u62ff\u5230 v1 \u7684 proto\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5ffd\u7565 arg2 \u5f8c\u7684\u53c3\u6578\nsyntax = \"proto3\";\npackage recipe;\nservice RecipeService {\n rpc GetRecipe(RecipeRequest) returns (Recipe) {}\n rpc GetMetaData(Empty) returns (Meta) {}\n}\nmessage Recipe {\n int32 id = 1;\n string name = 2;\n string steps = 3;\n repeated Ingredient ingredients = 4;\n}\nmessage Ingredient {\n int32 id = 1;\n string name = 2;\n string quantity = 3;\n}\nmessage RecipeRequest {\n int32 id = 1;\n}\nmessage Meta {\n int32 pid = 2;\n}\nmessage Empty {}\nimport { loadPackageDefinition, Server } from \"@grpc/grpc-js\";\nimport { loadSync } from \"@grpc/proto-loader\";\n\n// \u8b80\u53d6 proto \u6a94\nconst def = loadSync(__dirname + \"/grpc.proto\");\nconst proto = loadPackageDefinition(def);\n\n// \u5efa\u7acb\u8655\u7406\u908f\u8f2f\n// handlers = ...;\nconst server = new Server();\nserver.addService(proto.recipe.RecipeService.service, handlers);\n\n// \u5efa\u7acb\u5c0d\u5916\u9023\u7dda\n// credentials = ...; for https\nconst cb = () => server.start();\nserver.bindAsync(`${HOST}:${PORT}`, credentials, cb);\n\n// \u5efa\u7acb handlers\nconst handlers = {\n GetMetaData: (_call, cb) => {\n cb(null, {\n // error = null\n pid: process.pid,\n });\n },\n GetRecipe: (call, cb) => ({}), // if (call.request.id === 42)\n};\nimport { loadPackageDefinition } from \"@grpc/grpc-js\";\nimport { loadSync } from \"@grpc/proto-loader\";\n\n// \u8b80\u53d6 proto \u6a94\nconst def = loadSync(__dirname + \"/grpc.proto\");\nconst proto = loadPackageDefinition(def);\n\n// credentials = ...; for https\nconst client = new proto.recipe.RecipeService(TARGET, credentials);\n\nclient.getMetaData({}, cb);\nclient.getRecipe({ id: 42 }, cb);\nhttp://localhost:3001
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/protocol/#alternatives","title":"Alternatives","text":"\u9664\u4e86 gRPC \u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1f
ProtoBufs
MessagePack
\u96d6\u7136\u540c\u70ba binary representation of hierarchical object data\uff0c\u4f46
.proto\uff09\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0gRPC
\u95dc\u65bc gRPC \u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a
\u7522\u54c1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u9019\u985e\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba SLA\uff08Service Level Agreement\uff09\u3002
SLA \u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u500b SLO\uff08Service Level Objective\uff09\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u4e00\u4efd SLA \u63d0\u4f9b \u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u91d1\u9322\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 \u4fdd\u8b49\u4e0d\u6703\u91cd\u8907\u6263\u6b3e\u5373\u70ba SLO
SLI\uff08Service Level Indicator\uff09\u5373\u662f SLO \u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u76ee\u6a19\u5728 100ms \u5167\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u6e2c\u8a66\u70ba\u5e73\u5747\u65bc 80ms \u5167\u56de\u61c9
\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52d9 SLO / SLI \u9700\u5927\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc 1\u3002
\u82e5\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 SLO\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b50\u670d\u52d9\u7684 SLO\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u904e\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7522\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u7c21\u5316\u6216\u589e\u52a0 Tracing \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u7522\u51fa\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#load-test","title":"Load Test","text":"Load Test \u76ee\u7684\u5373\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa SLI\u3002
Load Test \u548c Stress Test \u5dee\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f
Latency \u4ee3\u8868\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89f8\u767c\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u4e26\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u4ee5 Latency \u70ba SLO\uff0c\u4e26\u8a08\u7b97\u4e4b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#baseline","title":"Baseline","text":"\u6e2c\u8a66\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u6e96\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7522\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u7a2e Baseline
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Baseline \u6703\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7684 Baseline\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u7bc4\u4f8b","title":"\u7bc4\u4f8b","text":"\u4ee5 Node.js \u9019\u8a9e\u8a00\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u55ae\u7d14\u7684 server \u70ba Baseline\uff1a
require(\"http\")\n .createServer((req, res) => res.end(\"ok\"))\n .listen(80, () => null);\n\u4f9d\u6b64\u89c0\u5bdf\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7d71\u4e00\u6a5f\u5668\u898f\u683c\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u5728 Node.js \u9019\u8a9e\u8a00\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176 Latency \u90fd\u662f\u6c92\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002
\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684 Latency \u6642\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u8a72\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u5982 C++ \u6216 Rust\u3002 \u4f46\u6b64\u6642\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u6b0a\u8861\u5176\u4ed6\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u6578\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u767c\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#latency","title":"Latency","text":"Stat 2.5% 50% 97.5% 99% Avg Stdev Max Latency 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms 0.01ms 0.08ms 9.45ms Req/Sec 42,751 39,039 36,703 29,487 38,884.14 1,748.17 29,477\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 29487 \u500b\u6bcf\u79d2\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\u5373\u662f TP99\uff08Top Percentile\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u9ede\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba 1% \u662f\u6975\u7aef\u503c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u9700\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u7db2\u9801\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u9801\u9762\u9700\u8981 40 \u500b\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5728\u8dd1\u7b2c\u4e94\u500b\u9801\u9762\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u8fd1\u4e4e 0.003 % \u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 \u4e0d\u6703 \u89f8\u767c\u5230 95% \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 How NOT to Measure Latency
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u4f7f\u7528-reverse-proxy---haproxy","title":"\u4f7f\u7528 Reverse Proxy - HAProxy","text":"Percentile With Proxy Without 99.9% 1ms 1ms 99.99% 2ms 2ms 99.999% 5ms 3ms\u5f97\u5230 19967 \u500b\u6bcf\u79d2\u8acb\u6c42\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u65bc\u57fa\u6e96\u9ede 29487\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u5728\u6700\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0b\u589e\u52a0 r-proxy \u6703\u8b93\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8b8a\u6162\u3002
\u4f46\u82e5\u8003\u616e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u70ba 100ms\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 r-proxy \u96d6\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u537b\u50c5\u50c5\u589e\u52a0 1~2ms\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u76ca\u9084\u662f\u5927\u65bc\u5176\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u82e5\u8003\u616e-http-compression","title":"\u82e5\u8003\u616e HTTP Compression","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u50c5\u8003\u616e\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u82e5\u70ba\u4e86\u58d3\u7e2e\u7db2\u8def\u6d41\u91cf
\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5404\u7a2e\u670d\u52d9\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u4e00\u9805\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u7d50\u679c","title":"\u7d50\u679c","text":"Percentile JSON GraphQL gRPC 99% 10ms 13ms 24ms 99.9% 18ms 22ms 32ms 99.99% 26ms 36ms 82ms 99.999% 48ms 67ms 82ms"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u8a0e\u8ad6","title":"\u8a0e\u8ad6","text":"\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053 GraphQL \u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u500b request \u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u5834\u666f\u5c0d\u5916\u958b\u51fa\u4e00\u500b endpoint\u3002
\u6709\u6642\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u958b\u767c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u6703\u6368\u68c4\u90e8\u5206\u7522\u54c1\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4fbf\u8981\u6b0a\u8861\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8f03\u504f\u5411\u65bc\u54ea\u908a\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916 JSON \u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5728 v8 engine \u4e2d\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u6975\u81f4\u7684\u58d3\u7e2e\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5229\u7528 Buffer \u505a binary \u89e3\u6790\u7684 gRPC \u5728\u6548\u80fd\u4e0a\u5c31\u77ee\u4e86\u4e00\u622a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5728 C++ \u9019\u985e\u7de8\u8b6f\u904e\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e2d\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u984d\u5916\u8655\u7406 GC \u9019\u985e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u7d50\u8ad6","title":"\u7d50\u8ad6","text":"\u82e5\u5e0c\u671b\u7522\u54c1\u80fd\u5728 50ms \u5167\u56de\u61c9\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7d04\u6bcf\u79d2 20 \uff08\u6216\u6bcf\u5206 1200 \u6216\u6bcf\u6642 72000\uff09\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u555f\u7528\u4e00\u500b Docker container \u6642\uff0c\u5982\u8981\u5728 TP99 \u5167\u56de\u61c9 50ms \u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u50c5\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6bcf\u79d2 6 \u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002
\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500b Docker container\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6bcf\u79d2 10 \u500b\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5f80\u4e0b\u52a0\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\u5f97\u5230 4 \u500b container \u70ba\u5408\u7406\u6578\u91cf\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/distributed-systems-with-node.js/sla-and-load-testing/#\u5de5\u5177","title":"\u5de5\u5177","text":"\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 autocannon \u9019\u8edf\u9ad4\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u4ee3\u78bc\u6a21\u5f0f\u7686\u70ba\uff1a
autocannon -d 60 -c 10 -l http://localhost:3000\n\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb 10 \u500b\u9023\u7dda\uff08-c\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\uff08-d\uff0960 \u79d2\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff08-l\uff09\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6bcf\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u6bcf\u79d2\u6253 1 \u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\uff08-p\uff09
\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u7121\u7279\u5225\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u8b80\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4ecd\u63a8\u85a6 How NOT to Measure Latency \u9019\u90e8\u5f71\u7247
\u82e5\u662f\u591a\u9805\u670d\u52d9\u5408\u8a08\u7684 latency\uff08\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u516c\u53f8\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/","title":"\u80fd\u6e90","text":"\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e5\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66b8\u89e3\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u63d0\u7684\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff08renewable energy\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u80fd\u6e90\u5462\uff1f
\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a73\u95b1 Sustainable Energy - without the host air\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u7a2e\u985e","title":"\u7a2e\u985e","text":"\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5341\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u958b\u59cb\u51b7\u537b\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u958b\u59cb\u51b7\u975c\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d 90% \u662f\u6c2b\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u6c26\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u96f2\u72c0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7fa4\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u539f\u5b50\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u6838\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u500b\u8f15\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5176\u904e\u7a0b\u70ba\u6838\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u6703\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u80fd\u91cf\u6703\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u5176\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u662f\u91cd\u529b\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u8655\u65bc\u5e7e\u8fd1\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc\u96f6\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u5169\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u529b\u4e92\u76f8\u9760\u8fd1\u548c\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u78b0\u649e\u5c31\u662f\u9020\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7fa4\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u9010\u6f38\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u3002
Gravity is the spark that enabled everything.
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u529b","title":"\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u529b","text":"\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u5e74\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u80fd\u91cf\uff1f\\(18 TW\\)\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u767c\u96fb\uff08\u7d04 \\(6 TW\\)\uff09\u3001\u904b\u8f38\u3001\u52a0\u71b1\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u767c\u71b1\u8017\u640d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u662f 2018\uff08\u6210\u66f8\u5e74\u4efd\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8017\u80fd\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u905e\u589e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7bc0\u80fd\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u548c\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b63\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u570b\u57fa\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7d04\u70ba 10 \u6bd4 1\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u6838\u878d\u5408","title":"\u6838\u878d\u5408","text":"\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u985e\u6bd4\u8f03\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u90fd\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6c2b\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4e26\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u5f37\u529b\u300d\u88ab\u62c6\u89e3\u800c\u7522\u80fd\uff09\uff1a
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\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7684\u6838\u878d\u5408\u539f\u6599\u55ce\uff1f\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7522\u6c1a\u7684\u92f0\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6839\u64da2022 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5730\u8cea\u8abf\u67e5\u5c40\u6240\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u92f0\u7d04\u9084\u6709 2800 \u842c\u9813\uff0c\u9019\u5920\u7dad\u6301\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8017\u80fd\uff08\\(18 TW\\)\uff09\u7d04\u4e00\u842c\u5e74\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u6bcf\u516c\u5347\u7684\u6d77\u6c34\u5c31\u6703\u6709 \\(180\\mu g\\) \u7684\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u63db\u7b97\u8d77\u4f86\u7d04\u6709 2000 \u5104\u5678\u7684\u92f0\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6c18\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u662f\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u7b97\u9ad8\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64d4\u5fc3\u539f\u6599\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u7531\u65bc\u6c18\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6c2b\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4ed6\u5f9e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u8403\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64d4\u5fc3\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u6838\u5206\u88c2","title":"\u6838\u5206\u88c2","text":"\u76ee\u524d\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u5728\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u7522\u80fd\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\u904b\u8f38\u548c\u71c3\u71d2\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7d04\u4f54 10%\u3002\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7522\u80fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u923e\u2014235\uff09\u6253\u6210\u5169\u500b\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u71b1\u6c34\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u5e36\u52d5\u6e26\u8f2a\u8f49\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u8b93\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u6838\u878d\u5408\u5728\u5546\u696d\u61c9\u7528\u4e0a\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u751f\u537b\u5f88\u96e3\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u878d\u5408\u5f88\u96e3\u767c\u751f\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002
Fusion energy generation is difficult to start, but easy to stop.
Fission energy generation is easy to start, but difficult to stop.
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\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e Agora Electricity Data \u4f86\u627e\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u6b64\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u800c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u5fb7\u570b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u82b1\u8cbb\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7d93\u8cbb\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u7576\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u7de3\u6a19\u7684\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u592a\u967d\u80fd\uff08\u9ec3\u8272\uff09\u662f\u500b\u4f4e\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\uff0c\u6bcf\u5230\u4e86\u665a\u4e0a\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u964d\u81f3\u96f6\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u4f46\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u91cf\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u4f86\u8b93\u767d\u5929\u7684\u96fb\u4f9b\u7d66\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5132\u80fd\u76f8\u95dc\u7d30\u7bc0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7559\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\uff1b \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u67d0\u5e7e\u5929\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0b\u96e8\u3001\u9670\u5929\u3001\u9727\u973e\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c31\u5f88\u8f03\u96e3\u9810\u6e2c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u7e3d\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5169\u500d\uff0c\u7576\u767c\u751f\u9670\u5929\u6642\u6548\u7387\u6e1b\u534a\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u9700\uff1b \u6216\u8005\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6563\u592a\u967d\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u9670\u5929\u4f46\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u908a\u662f\u5927\u592a\u967d\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u7db2\u628a\u591a\u9918\u7684\u96fb\u8f38\u9001\u7d66\u9670\u5929\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u9670\u5929\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8b93\u8017\u96fb\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u6389\u51b7\u6c23\uff09\u3002
\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u592a\u967d\u80fd\uff0c\u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\uff08\u85cd\u8272\uff09\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u65e5\u591c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u537b\u5f88\u96e3\u9810\u6e2c\u5176\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5cf0\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u98a8\u529b\u8f03\u4e0d\u53d7\u65e5\u591c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u628a\u5b83\u7576\u6210\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u591c\u665a\u5099\u7528\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5176\u5be6\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5132\u5b58\u96fb\u80fd\u81f3\u591c\u665a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u5f85\u6703\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u6703\u66f4\u660e\u986f\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\uff08capacity factor\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u9593\u5340\u9593\u4e2d\u5be6\u969b\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5 2010 \u5e74\u5e15\u6d1b\u97cb\u5fb7\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\uff08\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u70ba 3,942 MW \u800c\u8a72\u5e74\u5ea6\u7e3d\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u70ba 31,200,000 MWh\uff0c\u63db\u7b97\u6210\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u5247\u70ba \\(\\frac{31,200,000\\; MW\\cdot h}{\\left (365\\; days\\right )\\times \\left (24 \\; hours/day \\right )\\times \\left (3942\\; MW\\right )}=0.904=90.4\\%\\)\u3002 \u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u767d\u5929\u6642\u9593\u548c\u5929\u6c23\uff0c\u5176\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5 Agua Caliente Solar Project \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u5916\u5ba3\u7a31\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u53ef\u767c\u96fb 290 MW\uff0c\u800c\u5e74\u5ea6\u767c\u96fb\u7e3d\u91cf\u70ba 740,000 MWh \u63db\u7b97\u4e0b\u4f86\u7d04\u70ba 29.1%\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8b93\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\u9054\u5230\u548c\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u7e3d\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u81f3\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u7684\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u4ee5 Agua Caliente Solar Project \u70ba\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u7522\u80fd\u8981\u5f9e\u539f\u672c\u7684 290 MW \u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u7d04 12,000 MW\u3002
\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u5230\u4e86\u51ac\u5929\u6703\u662f\u590f\u5929\u7684\u516d\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u65b9\u5f0f\u5176\u5be6\u548c\u9670\u5929\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u91cf\u5c3a\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88dd\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u7ad9\u5230\u590f\u5929\u6240\u9700\u7684\u516d\u500d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a\u8655\u7406\u9670\u5929\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5341\u4e8c\u500d\u7684\u91cf\uff1b \u53e6\u5916\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5357\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u8f38\u96fb\u7dda\uff0c\u7576\u5317\u534a\u7403\u9032\u5165\u51ac\u5929\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u592a\u967d\u4f86\u628a\u767c\u96fb\u9001\u5f80\u5317\u534a\u7403\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u98a8\u529b\u548c\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u51ac\u5929\u7684\u98a8\u529b\u6bd4\u590f\u5929\u7684\u5f37\u7d04\u4e09\u500d \uff08\u5982\u540c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u98a8\u529b\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u51ac\u5929\u8d64\u9053\u548c\u8d64\u9053\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6eab\u5dee\u8f03\u9ad8\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5169\u8005\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u5f62\u6210\u4e92\u88dc\u3002
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\u7576\u7136\u5982\u540c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6574\u5408\u773e\u591a\u53ef\u884c\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u5132\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71","title":"\u5132\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71","text":"\u4ee5\u5fb7\u570b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u98a8\u529b\u548c\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u88dc\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6839\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u5929\u5132\u5b58 25~30% \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u4f9b\u61c9\u591c\u665a\u7684\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c 5~10% \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u4f9b\u61c9\u51ac\u5929\u7684\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u4f30\u8a08\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u3002
2021 \u5e74\u4e2d\u570b\u80fd\u6e90\u5c40\u7684\u5132\u80fd\u7522\u696d\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u5ffd\u8996\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5132\u80fd\u7522\u696d\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5206\u5225\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u3001\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u97d3\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u3002
\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5132\u96fb\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6c34\u4f4d\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u88fd\u9020\u591a\u9918\u7684\u96fb\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u99ac\u9054\u628a\u4e0b\u6e38\u6c34\u5eab\u7684\u6c34\u9001\u5f80\u4e0a\u6e38\u6c34\u5eab\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u96fb\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u91cd\u529b\u4f4d\u80fd\u5dee\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u70ba\u76f8\u7576\u9ad8\u7684 75%\u3002 \u7136\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u6cb3\u6d41\u548c\u6e56\u6cca\u7684\u6c34\u90fd\u5f80\u4e0a\u62ac\u6607 30 \u516c\u5c3a\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u4f4d\u80fd\u5dee1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u5e74\u6240\u9700\u7684 5%\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u8aaa\u6c34\u529b\u50c5\u80fd\u4f9b\u61c9\u7d04\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u9700\u7684 10%\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6c34\u529b\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u6211\u5011\u5132\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u71b1\u80fd\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u628a\u591a\u9918\u7684\u96fb\u80fd\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u71b1\u5730\u5e95\u7d04\u4e94\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u5c64\u5230\u7d04 \\(50^\\circ C\\)\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u5ca9\u77f3\u7684\u4f4e\u5c0e\u71b1\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u7acb\u65b9\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u7d04 \\(10^8J\\) \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981 0.1% \u7684\u9678\u584a\u9762\u7a4d\u5c31\u80fd\u5132\u5b58 5% \u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u71b1\u80fd\u88fd\u9020\u96fb\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u6eab\u5ea6\u5dee\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u4e26\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e78\u904b\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u8f49\u70ba\u96fb\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u71b1\u80fd\u4f86\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u5ea6\u904e\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u51ac\u5929\uff08\u51ac\u5929\u4fdd\u6eab\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7d04\u4f54\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u8017\u80fd\u7684 10%\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5132\u5b58\u51b7\u6c23\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5230\u590f\u5929\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u71b1\u5132\u5b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u6211\u4e0a\u7db2\u67e5\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fb7\u570b\u67cf\u6797\u570b\u6703\u5927\u6a13\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5fb7\u96f7\u514b\u793e\u5340\u7bc0\u7701\u4e86 97% \u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9b\u6696\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u82ac\u862d\u516c\u53f8\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u5546\u7528\u6c99\u71b1\u5132\u5b58\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u70cf\u4fc4\u6230\u722d\u5c0e\u81f4\u5929\u7136\u6c23\u4f9b\u61c9\u4e0d\u7a69\uff0c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u65bc 2023 \u5e74\u7981\u6b62\u65b0\u5efa\u5929\u7136\u6c23\u4f9b\u6696\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5168\u6c70\u63db\u4e4b\u7b49\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c602\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u9ad8\u96fb\u80fd\u56de\u6536\u7387\uff08\u5927\u7d04\u70ba 80~90%\uff09\u9084\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002 \u4ee5 2022 \u5e74\u7279\u65af\u62c9 PowerWall \u7684\u96f6\u552e\u50f9 7500$ \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58 \\(13.5\\; kWh\\) \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e26\u4fdd\u8b49\u904b\u4f5c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u56de\u5145\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58\u7d04 \\(3650 \\times 13.5=49,275\\; kWh\\) \u7684\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf kWh \u7d04 0.15$\uff08\u7d04 4 \u584a\u53f0\u5e63\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u4e4e\u548c\u767c\u96fb\u7684\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u5212\u7b97\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4e0b\u5f88\u591a\u5546\u696d\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f0f\u7684\u5132\u80fd\u6a5f\u5236\u90fd\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u7d30\u90e8\u904b\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u65e5\u591c\u5132\u80fd\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u6709\u500b\u5927\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u53ea\u9069\u5408\u5c0f\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u5132\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u653e\u4e00\u500b\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u4e5f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u5132\u5b58\u590f\u5929\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u5229\u51ac\u5929\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
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\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f8b\u5982\u7194\u9e7d\uff08Molten Salt\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u71b1\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6db2\u5316\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u9069\u5408\u5927\u578b\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u4e14\u6210\u672c\u6bd4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6578\u500d\uff1b \u58d3\u7e2e\u7a7a\u6c23\uff08CAES\uff09\u81f3\u6db2\u9ad4\u5f8c\u518d\u8b93\u5176\u8f49\u6210\u6c23\u9ad4\u6642\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6548\u80fd\u8f49\u63db\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1b \u8d85\u96fb\u5bb9\uff08Super-capacitor\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5132\u5b58\u96fb\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u662f\u6548\u7387\u904e\u4f4e\uff1b \u98db\u8f2a\uff08flywheels\uff09\u900f\u904e\u7dad\u6301\u52d5\u80fd\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6c7d\u8eca\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u715e\u8eca\u6642\uff0c\u8b93\u8a72\u52d5\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u98db\u8f2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u8d77\u6b65\u5f8c\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82e5\u7528\u65bc\u96fb\u80fd\u5247\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u968e\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1","title":"\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1","text":"\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u6216\u8a2d\u5099\u5728\u96fb\u529b\u7522\u80fd\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6e1b\u5c11\u6240\u9700\u7684\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8a2d\u5099\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u77ed\u6642\u9593\uff08\u6578\u5c0f\u6642\uff09\u7684\u505c\u96fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51b7\u6c23\u3001\u6c34\u6ce5\u78be\u78e8\u6a5f\u3001\u6d77\u6c34\u6de1\u5316\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7522\u80fd\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6bcf\u55ae\u4f4d\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u50f9\u9322\u4f86\u8a98\u4f7f\u4f01\u696d\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u524d\u9762\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u5132\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u7ba1\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u628a\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6642\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5132\u5b58\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u6642\u4e0d\u9760\u5916\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5167\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2","title":"\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2","text":"\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2\u5176\u5be6\u6eff\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u8f38\u9001\u81f3\u6b50\u6d32\u6216\u975e\u6d32\u5404\u5730\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 DESERTEC\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7576\u5317\u534a\u7403\u9032\u5165\u51ac\u5929\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u96fb\u80fd\u8f38\u9001\u81f3\u5317\u534a\u7403\uff08\u900f\u904e\u9ad8\u58d3\u76f4\u6d41\u4f86\u8f38\u9001\uff09\u3002
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\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5929\u6c23\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u98a8\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u5f85\u88dc\u5716\uff0cMaybe from wind Europe.
\u5118\u7ba1\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u96fb\u7db2\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u9593\u6b47\u6027\u80fd\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u6700\u80fd\u88ab\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u6cd5\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u767d\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u969c\u7919\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002 \u751f\u7522\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u4ee5\u81fa\u7063\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c 110 \u5e74\u6b72\u51fa\u70ba 2 \u5146\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81fa\u96fb\u5728\u8a72\u5e74\u5ea6\u7d04\u82b1\u4e86 7000 \u5104\u4f86\u751f\u7522\u96fb\u80fd\uff09\uff0c\u64f4\u589e\u96fb\u7db2\u4ee3\u8868\u9700\u8981\u6295\u8cc7\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u9322\u5728\u570b\u5916\u4e26\u58d3\u7e2e\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u96fb\u80fd\u7684\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u9084\u6703\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u96fb\u7dda\u7d93\u904e\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u96fb\u529b\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9577\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6848\u5982\u6c34\u4e0b\u96fb\u7e9c\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u672c\u4ecd\u9ad8\u5230\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u76ca\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/future-of-fusion-energy/energy/#\u7d50\u8a9e","title":"\u7d50\u8a9e","text":"\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u9664\u4e86\u6838\u80fd\u548c\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u8db3\u91cf\u5730\u88dc\u5145\uff08\u88dc\u5145\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u65bc\u6d88\u8017\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u4e86\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u90fd\u8db3\u5920\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c34\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u628a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6c34\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u90fd\u62ff\u4f86\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u96fb\u4e94\u5341\u5104\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u90fd\u62b5\u4e0d\u904e\u76ee\u524d\u9810\u4f30\u7684\u6240\u6709\u77f3\u6cb9\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5c31\u6703\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u6bd4\u8f03\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u592a\u967d\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u96fb\u677f\u672a\u4f86 20 \u5e74\u8b93\u5b83\u7a69\u5b9a\u767c\u96fb\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5de5\u5ee0\u88fd\u9020\u6642\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u4ecd\u662f\u6838\u80fd\u6bcf\u55ae\u4f4d\u80fd\u91cf\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u4e09\u500d\u3002
\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u512a\u52a3\u52e2\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5230\u6aaf\u9762\u4e0a\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u7684\u9762\u5411\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u5716\u5404\u500b\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u860a\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u64f7\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e0b\u8868\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002
\u7a2e\u985e \u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u591a\u4e45 \u9593\u6b47\u6027\u80fd\u6e90 D-T \u6838\u878d\u5408 1 \u5104\u5e74 \u5426 D-D \u6838\u878d\u5408 100 \u5104\u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014235 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u9678\u5730\uff09 100 \u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014238 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u9678\u5730\uff09 1 \u842c\u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014235 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\uff09 1 \u842c\u5e74 \u5426 \u923e\u2014238 \u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\uff09 100 \u842c\u5e74 \u5426 \u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599 100 \u5e74 \u5426\u975e\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03
\u7a2e\u985e \u4f54\u4eba\u985e\u8017\u80fd\u6bd4 \u9593\u6b47\u6027\u80fd\u6e90 \u5730\u71b1 0.1 \u5426 \u592a\u967d\u80fd 100 \u9031\u671f\u6027 \u98a8\u529b 1 \u662f \u751f\u8cea\u80fd 0.1 \u5426 \u7de9\u6162\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599 0.000001 \u5426 \u6c34\u529b 0.1 \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f \u6f6e\u6c50 0.01 \u4e5f\u8a31 \u6d77\u6d6a 0.01 \u662f\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03
\u4f9d\u7167\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u672a\u4f86\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u6e90\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e09\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff1a
\u7576\u62ac\u5347\u7684\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u628a 1 \u516c\u5678\u7684\u6c34\u62ac\u5347 10 \u516c\u5c3a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u628a 0.01 \u516c\u5678\u7684\u6c34\u62ac\u5347 1000 \u516c\u5c3a\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u92f0\u96fb\u6c60\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u96fb\u6c60\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u92f0\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u6c60\u5247\u662f\u53ef\u5145\u96fb\u96fb\u6c60\u3002\u00a0\u21a9
\u6838\u529b\u5728\u5169\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u76f8\u8ddd 1fm \uff08\u98db\u7c73\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc \\(10^{-15}\\) \u7c73\uff09\u4e0b\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u675f\u7e1b\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8ddd\u96e2\u5c0f\u65bc 0.7fm \u6642\u537b\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5f62\u5851\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u6216\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u534a\u5f91\u5927\u7d04\u662f 0.85fm \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u537b\u662f\u4ee5\u57c3\uff08\u7b49\u65bc \\(10^{-10}\\) \u7c73\uff09\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u5176\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u3002
\u6838\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff08strong force\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u5728\u7d04 0.8fm \u8ddd\u96e2\u4e0b\u6703\u7528\u4f86\u675f\u7e1b\u8cea\u5b50\u5167\u7684\u57ae\u514b\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u800c\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u6216\u4e2d\u5b50\uff08\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u5b50\uff0c\u4e09\u500b\u57ae\u514b\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u90fd\u53eb\u505a\u91cd\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u8cea\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u57ae\u514b\u548c\u57ae\u514b\u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u900f\u904e\u50b3\u905e\u81a0\u5b50\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u57ae\u514b\u6703\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u92b7\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u56e0\u70ba\u81a0\u5b50\u800c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f35\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u76f8\u6d88\u7684\u81a0\u5b50\u6703\u6709\u6b98\u9918\u7684\u91cf\u8dd1\u51fa\u91cd\u5b50\uff08residual strong force\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6838\u529b\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u8cbb\u66fc\u5716\u4f86\u66b8\u89e3\u9019\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u81a0\u5b50\u4ea4\u6d41\u72c0\u6cc1\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f37\u529b\u660e\u660e\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u8b8a\u5f37\uff0c\u4f46\u6838\u529b\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u3002\u9019\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u6bd4\u925b\u9084\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u88ab\u62c9\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u6838\u529b\u964d\u4f4e\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\u4f46\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u537b\u4e0d\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u529b\u7121\u6cd5\u7a69\u5b9a\u652f\u6490\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u3002
eV
\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\uff08Electron Volt\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u5eab\u502b\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7126\u8033\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u7d1a\u7684\u5834\u57df\u6703\u986f\u5f97\u904e\u5927\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u9700\u8981\u7d66\u4e88\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7d04\u70ba \\(10^{-13}\\) \u7126\u8033\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u63db\u9001\u6210\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\u5247\u7d04\u70ba \\(10^{6}\\) eV\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\u7d04\u70ba \\(1.6\\times 10^{-19}\\) \u7126\u8033\u3002
\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8cea\u80fd\u516c\u5f0f\u548c\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u5206\u5225\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\uff0c1eV \u7d04\u70ba \\(1.8\\times 10^{-36}\\) kg \u548c \\(10^{4}\\) K\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u5f8c\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u6703\u4ee5\u9418\u578b\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u6709\u4e86\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63db\u6210\u6eab\u5ea6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/","title":"\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u4e16\u754c","text":"TBD
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u6ce2\u9577","title":"\u6ce2\u9577","text":"\u900f\u904e \u8d6b\u7f85\u5716\uff08H-R diagram\uff09\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4eae\u5ea6\u548c\u984f\u8272\u5340\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u661f\u9ad4\u3002 X \u8ef8\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u70ba\u85cd\u81f3\u7d05\uff1bY \u8ef8\u7531\u4e0b\u81f3\u4e0a\u70ba\u6697\u81f3\u4eae\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u592a\u967d\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u9593\u504f\u5de6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08Luminosity = 1, Temperature = 5778K\uff09\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede","title":"\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede","text":"\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u9322\u3002
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Wikimedia Commons under the CCA license.
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\u54c8\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u62cd\u7684 Crab Nebula\u3002
\u54c8\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u62cd\u7684 Hourglass Nebula\u3002
Wikimedia Commons under the CCA license.
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u9ed1\u6d1e","title":"\u9ed1\u6d1e","text":"\u6709\u4e86\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d42\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u8a08\u7b97\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e86\u3002
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\u5047\u8a2d\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff08\u8cea\u91cf \\(M\\)\uff09\u548c\u85cd\u5de8\u661f\uff08\u8cea\u91cf \\(m\\)\uff09\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u91cd\u529b\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u5176\u529b\u6703\u7528\u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u7e5e\u884c\u7684\u89d2\u901f\u5ea6\uff08v\uff09\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} F &= \\frac{GMm}{r^2} \\\\ &= \\frac{mv^2}{r} \\end{align*}\\]\u53e6\u5916\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u89d2\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} v = \\frac{2\\pi r}{t} \\end{align*}\\]\u6574\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u500b\u5f0f\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8a72\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} M = \\frac{v^3t}{2\\pi G} \\end{align*}\\]\u628a\u5e38\u6578\u5e36\u9032\u53bb\u7b97\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8cea\u91cf\u7d04\u70ba 16 \u500d\u7684\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u3002 \u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u63a8\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u4e0a\u9650\u3002
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\\[\\begin{align*} r &= vt \\\\ &= 3\\times 10^{8} \\times \\frac{1}{100} \\\\ &= 3\\times 10^{6}m \\\\ &= 3\\times 10^{3}km \\end{align*}\\]\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5929\u9d5d\u5ea7X-1 \u5728\u50c5\u50c5\u7684 3000 \u516c\u91cc\u5167\u5c31\u88dd\u8457 16 \u9846\u592a\u967d\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u611f\u6e2c\u5668","title":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668","text":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u66ff\u6211\u5011\u505a\u56db\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a
\u4ee5\u54c8\u4f2f\u8d85\u6df1\u7a7a\u8996\u5834\uff08Hubble eXtreme Deep Field, HXDF\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c \u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u611f\u6e2c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff08\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff09\u6700\u6697\u6700\u9060\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u539f\u5730\u66dd\u5149\u4e86 23 \u5929\u3002
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\u4f8b\u5982\u76ee\u524d\uff082022\uff09\u53ef\u89c0\u6e2c\u6700\u9060\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u662f GN-z11\uff0c \u5b83\u8ddd\u96e2\u5730\u7403 134 \u5104\u5149\u5e74\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u51fa\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u56db\u5104\u5e74\u5f8c\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#ccd","title":"CCD","text":"1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u767c\u660e\u7684 CCD \u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u611f\u5149\u5100\u5668\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u65bc\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea6\u6709\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u611f\u5149\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u611f\u5149\u5e79\u677f\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7d04 1% \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5149\u7dda\uff0c \u4f46 CCD \u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u5230 80%\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684","title":"\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f","text":"\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u5176\u983b\u7387\uff08\u6ce2\u9577\uff09\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8d8a\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u5f37\u3002 \u7576\u5149\u7dda\u64c1\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u539f\u5b50\u88e1\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u80fd\u91cf\u8e8d\u9077\u3002 \u96fb\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u80fd\u91cf\u8e8d\u9077\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u9077\u79fb\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\u6240\u793a\u3002
\u80fd\u8b93\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u5c0e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6642 \uff08\u8a72\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\u7a31\u70ba\u5c0e\u5e36\uff09\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u6b64\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u8a72\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u983b\u7387\u3002 \u7576\u6301\u7e8c\u7167\u5c04\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e26\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\uff0c \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u96fb\u5b50\u6536\u96c6\u4e26\u8a08\u7b97\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4f9d\u6b64\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u5f37\u5f31\u3002
\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u9996\u9078\u5c31\u662f\u77fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\u53c8\u5f88\u597d\u5370\u5237\u51fa\u96fb\u8def\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\uff08\u975e\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e0a\uff09\u9032\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u5617\u8a66\u3002 \u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u5c31\u53c8\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u8a72\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u826f\u7387\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u994b\u7d66\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002 \u9019\u4e5f\u56de\u5230\u6700\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6536\u96c6\u96fb\u5b50","title":"\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6536\u96c6\u96fb\u5b50\uff1f","text":"CCD \u662f\u7528 MOS \uff08Metal\u2013Oxide\u2013Semiconductor\uff09\u4f86\u6536\u96c6\u96fb\u5b50\u3002 \u5229\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u96fb\u58d3\uff08Metal\uff09\u8b93\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff08Semiconductor\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u671d\u8457\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u9032\uff0c \u6700\u7d42\u6703\u6709\u500b\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\uff08Oxide\uff09\u64cb\u4f4f\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u56f0\u4f4f\u4ed6\u3002
CCD \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7d44 MOS\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u7d04\u70ba \\(15\\mu m\\)\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5 6x6 \\(cm\\) \u7684 CCD \u5c31\u6709 4000x4000 \u500b\u4f4d\u5143\uff08\\(6cm / 15\\mu m = 4000\\)\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8a08\u7b97\u96fb\u5b50","title":"\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8a08\u7b97\u96fb\u5b50\uff1f","text":"CCD \u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\uff0c \u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba CMOS \u6216 Active Pixel Sensors \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5feb\u901f\u4f46\u6703\u6709\u96dc\u8a0a\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u76f8\u6a5f\u3002
\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5247\u662f\u9069\u5408\u7528\u5728\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u4e0a\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba Charge Coupling \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u5faa\u5e8f\uff08\u4ee5 6 \\(cm\\) \u7684 CCD \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u56db\u5343\u5c64\uff09\u91cb\u653e\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c \u628a\u96fb\u5b50\u6162\u6162\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e26\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u6162\uff086x6 \\(cm\\) \u7684 CCD \u9700\u8981\u7d04\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\u4f86\u5224\u8b80\uff09\u4f46\u662f\u7cbe\u6e96\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c","title":"\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c","text":"\u7406\u89e3 CCD \u9019\u985e\u611f\u5149\u8a2d\u5099\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u300c\u62cd\u651d\u300d\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5149\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u3002
\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u6eab\u5ea6\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u5c04\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51b0\u584a\u3001\u88ab\u5fae\u5875\u5305\u88f9\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u3002 \u7136\u800c\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b93\u77fd\u9032\u5165\u5c0e\u5e36\uff0c \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u88fd\u4f5c\u611f\u5149\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 CMT\u3002
\u7279\u6b8a\u5149\u6e90\u7684\u611f\u6e2c\u8a2d\u5099\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u91d1
\u6bcf\u7a2e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u983b\u7387\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6750\u8cea\u4f86\u611f\u6e2c\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6750\u8cea\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u77fd\u9019\u9ebc\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u90fd\u6703\u53c8\u6602\u8cb4\u53c8\u7cbe\u5bc6\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u7403\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6578\u500b\u5718\u968a\u5728\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u5df2\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c\u7684\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c\u7684\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u6709\u4e86\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u661f\u9ad4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u8a72\u661f\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u9060\u96e2\u3002
Sky at Night Magazine
\u56e0\u70ba \u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u6548\u61c9 \u548c \u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b87\u5b99\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5feb\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7d05\u79fb\u73fe\u8c61\u548c\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u611f\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u661f\u9ad4\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u63db\u7b97\u5176\u548c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002
Early star-forming galaxies and the re-ionization of the Universe
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u54c8\u4f2f\u8d85\u6df1\u7a7a\u8996\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u53bb\u611f\u6e2c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u3002 \u4e0a\u5716\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u9060\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5730\u7403\u7d04 130 \u5104\u5149\u5e74\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u89c0\u6e2c\u5b83\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u5b87\u5b99\u6210\u5f62\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c","title":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c","text":"\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u653e\u5728\u51b7\u537b\u6db2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\u4e2d\u3002
\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7269\u9ad4\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u6eab\u5ea6\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u5c04\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff08\u9060\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u611f\u6e2c\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u76e1\u91cf\u51b7\u537b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u71b1\u5e72\u64fe\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee3\u8868\u96fb\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5e36\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u52d5\u80fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u5167\u80fd\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u6216\u6643\u52d5\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u5b83\u7a81\u7834\u5c0e\u5e36\uff0c\u4e26\u5f71\u97ff\u6210\u50cf\u3002
\u9664\u4e86 CCD\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 KIDS\uff08Kinetic Inductance Detection System\uff09\u3002 \u9084\u6709\u5f9e\u6295\u5f71\u6a5f\u6280\u8853\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u5149\u8655\u7406\uff08Digital Micro Mirrors\uff09\u6280\u8853\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u96fb\u8166","title":"\u96fb\u8166","text":"\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5 \u5132\u5b58 \u5927\u91cf\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u7e41\u96dc\u4e14\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684 \u8a08\u7b97\u3002 \u96fb\u8166\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u584a\uff0c\u5176\u512a\u52e2\u6709\uff1a
\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u6821\u6e96
\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5927\u6c23\u5e72\u64fe\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u5929\u9ad4\u7684\u5149\u7dda\u9032\u5165\u5730\u7403\u524d\u6703\u6643\u52d5\u3002
CANARY's Laser Launch
\u900f\u904e\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u96f7\u5c04\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u7576\u524d\u5927\u6c23\u5c0d\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c \u518d\u53cd\u63a8\u56de\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u548c\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","title":"\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","text":"\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u822c\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u5132\u5b58\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u529b","title":"\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u529b","text":"CCD \u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\uff08MOS\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b58 2 bytes\uff0816 bits\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e00\u6392\u6709 4000 \u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c \u6bcf\u5f35 CCD \u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u5c31\u6703\u6709 32 MB \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u6709\u591a\u500b CCD \u4f86\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5f35\u5929\u6587\u7167\u7247\u7d04\u9700\u8981\u6578 GB \u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u8981\u7167\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff08\\(360^{\\circ}\\)\uff09\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u5f35\u7167\u7247\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e00\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u5927\u7d04\u6703\u7167\u5230 \\(0.3^{\\circ}\\) \u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7d04 10 TB \u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5132\u5b58\u4e00\u591c\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u5929\u6578\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u9695\u77f3\uff09\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5c07\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","title":"\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b","text":"\u6709\u4e86\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u64ec\u5b87\u5b99\u6210\u5f62\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u7269\u9ad4\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\uff08\\(10^6\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 \\((10^6)^2 = 10^{12}\\) \u6b21\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c \u7576\u6578\u91cf\u9054\u5230\u6578\u5104\u500b\uff0c\u5c07\u8b93\u96fb\u8166\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u9593\u62c9\u9577\u5230\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\u9019\u9084\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7d00\u9304\u4e00\u767e\u6b65\u751a\u81f3\u6578\u5104\u6b65\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u9593\u5c07\u6703\u62c9\u5f97\u66f4\u9577\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u9695\u77f3","title":"\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u9695\u77f3","text":"NASA Approaching Asteroid
\u6bcf\u5929\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u89c0\u6e2c\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u7d50\u679c\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u5b58\u9032\u96fb\u8166\u91cc\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u627e\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b63\u5728\u671d\u8457\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9032\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u9810\u6e2c\u5176\u649e\u4e0a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5462\uff1f
\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u665a\u6703\u7d00\u9304\u5404\u500b\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u8a8d\u5176\u79fb\u52d5\u9031\u671f\u548c\u79fb\u52d5\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u662f\u7e5e\u8457\u592a\u967d\u8f49\u9084\u662f\u671d\u8457\u5730\u7403\u8d70\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u8a72\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u8ddd\u96e2\u9060\u8fd1\u6240\u5f97\u4e4b\u3002
\\[\\begin{align} v &= d/t \\nonumber \\\\ &= 2\\pi r/t \\label{vr} \\end{align}\\]\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u7576\u4f5c\u904b\u8f49\u7684\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} GMm /r^{2} = mv^2/ r \\\\ \\Rightarrow v^2 = GM /r \\end{align*}\\]\u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u524d\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u7e5e\u884c\u534a\u5f91\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} v^2 = GM/r = (2\\pi r/t)^2 \\end{align*}\\] \\[\\begin{align*} r^3 = \\frac{GMt^2}{4\\pi ^2} \\end{align*}\\]\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u5f97\u51fa\u7e5e\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\\(v\\)\uff09\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5149\u8b5c\u5716","title":"\u5149\u8b5c\u5716","text":"\u900f\u904e\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u9664\u6b21\u4e4b\u5916\u672c\u7ae0\u4e5f\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u600e\u9ebc\u7372\u5f97\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5176\u63a8\u4f30\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u6697\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u61c9\u7528","title":"\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u61c9\u7528","text":"\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7372\u5f97\uff1a
\u611f\u6e2c\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u983b\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u6703\u6bd4\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7d71\u8a08\u5404\u500b\u661f\u9ad4\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u756b\u51fa \u8d6b\u7f85\u5716\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u7d44\u6210","title":"\u7d44\u6210","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u5438\u6536\u4e0d\u540c\u983b\u7387\u7684\u5149\uff08\u505a\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u8df3\u8e8d\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5149\u8b5c\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5927\u6c23\u5c64\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7be9\u9078\u4e00\u4e0b\uff09\u3002
Wikimedia Commons under the CCA license.
\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4f86\u7d44\u6210\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u661f\u96f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5b50\u91cb\u653e\u80fd\u968e
HIFI Cht3. HIFI Scientific Capabilities and Performance
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u901f\u5ea6","title":"\u901f\u5ea6","text":"Nitrogen II emission line measured galaxy M87.
\u4e0a\u5716\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c \u5de6\u908a\u662f\u9ad8\u983b\uff08\u900f\u904e \u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u5074\u6b63\u9760\u8fd1\u6211\u5011\uff09\u3001 \u53f3\u908a\u662f\u4f4e\u983b\uff08\u9060\u96e2\uff09\u6240\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u661f\u7cfb\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u9006\u6642\u91dd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u65cb\u8f49\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u900f\u904e\u524d\u8ff0\u6e2c\u91cf\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c \u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u6574\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u5927\u65bc\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u661f\u661f\u7e3d\u548c\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f30\u8a08\u4e2d\u9593\u6709\u500b\u8cea\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u65b9\u6cd5","title":"\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"\u65e9\u671f\u725b\u9813\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u89d2\u7a1c\u93e1\uff08prism\uff09\u89c0\u6e2c\u5149\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c \u4f46\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u67f5\uff08Diffraction grating\uff09\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u5404\u7a2e\u983b\u7387\u7684\u5149\u3002
Diffraction Grating
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Andy Lawrence \u7d44\u5408\u591a\u5f35 AAT \u7684\u7167\u7247\u800c\u6210\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/astronomy/#\u6697\u80fd\u91cf","title":"\u6697\u80fd\u91cf","text":"\u5982\u540c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7d05\u5de8\u661f\uff0c\u91cd\u529b\u6703\u628a\u661f\u9ad4\u5411\u5167\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u6838\u878d\u5408\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u518d\u628a\u661f\u9ad4\u5411\u5916\u6490\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\u5f62\u72c0\u3002
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The Gobbling Dwarf that Exploded
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\u7531\u6b64\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 1a \u985e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u8d8a\u6697\uff08\u9060\uff09\u7684 1a \u985e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f \u5176\u983b\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c \u4ee3\u8868\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u6b63\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u3002
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\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c \u7576\u4f60\u5728\u6b23\u8cde\u97cb\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u6240\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u7167\u7247\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u6642\uff0c \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u611f\u5462\uff01
\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8da3\u9023\u7d50\uff1a
\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u770b\u6838\u878d\u5408\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6642\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u63a5\u89f8\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u89c0\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u65bc \u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff08special relativity\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u64b0\u5beb\u3002 \u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u6eff\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u52d5\u529b\u5427\uff0c\u5148\u63a5\u89f8\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u624d\u53bb\u63a5\u89f8\u539f\u7406\u6642\uff0c\u611f\u89f8\u6703\u66f4\u6df1\u3002
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\u5b89\u57f9\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7a31\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u2014\u5b89\u57f9\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u4e2d\u96fb\u6d41\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u96fb\u5834\u548c\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u78c1\u5e38\u6578 \\(\\mu_0\\)\u300d\u3002 \u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3 \u6642\u7a7a \u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\uff0c\u96fb\u529b\u548c\u78c1\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u5206\u5225\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002 \uff08\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u4ee5\u524d\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u5c0d\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u7684\u8b9a\u5606\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u8b93\u6211\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff09
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\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e0d\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u60f3\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u667a\u529b\u767c\u80b2\u9072\u7de9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9577\u5927\u5f8c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u2014 \u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766
"},{"location":"feedback/physics/special-relativity/#\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6","title":"\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6","text":"\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u900f\u904e\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u52d5\u91cf\u3001\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff08general relativity\uff09\u5247\u662f\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91cd\u529b\u3002
\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u5f4e\u66f2\u4e26\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u50c5\u8003\u616e\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff08\u91cd\u529b\u5834\uff09\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
It helps in analyzing gravitation to consider a situation where gravity is mocked up by acceleration. Focus attention on a region so far from any attracting matter, and so free of disturbance, that spacetime there can be consider to be flat and to have Lorentz geometry. .... When spacetime is flat, move however one will, special relativity can handle the job.
\u2014 Misner, Thorne, Wheeler: GRAVITATION Ch. 6.1 Accelerated Observers can be Analyzed Using Special Relativity
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/","title":"\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u624b\u518a","text":"The Site Reliability Workbook, Practical Ways to Implement SRE
\u7522\u54c1\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a \u548c \u7dad\u904b\u5718\u968a \u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u6709\u9d3b\u6e9d\u7684\uff0c \u5169\u8005\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u7acb\u5834\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u898b\u89e3\u3002
\u6839\u64da\u7d93\u9a57\uff0cGoogle \u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u904d\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u7dda\u4e0a\u7522\u54c1\u3002 \u300c\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7522\u54c1\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7dad\u904b\u5718\u968a\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c \u900f\u904e\u628a\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u8b8a\u6210\u7522\u54c1\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u5f4c\u5e73\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\u3002 \u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e4b\u521d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u71df\u904b\u6210\u672c\u53bb\u8a2d\u8a08\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u8003\u91cf\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0b\u6301\u7e8c\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u900f\u904e\u4f4e\u71df\u904b\u6210\u672c\u9054\u5230\u7a69\u5065\u4e14\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c \u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba \u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08Non-Abstract Large System Design\uff09\u3002
SRE\uff08Site Reliability Engineering\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5169\u5718\u968a\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5be6\u8e10\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002 SRE \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6df1\u5165\u5728\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u548c\u7dad\u904b\u5718\u968a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6587\u5316\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c07\u5f9e\u5404\u500b\u9762\u5411\u53bb\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1a
\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u7dad\u904b\u662f\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5148\u91d0\u6e05\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7dad\u904b\u3002
\u7dad\u6301\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u51fa\u932f\u4e86\u4fee\u4fee\u88dc\u88dc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5957\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c \u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u9762\u5c0d\u5f88\u591a\u96e3\u4ee5\u6289\u64c7\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u975c\u4e0b\u4f86\u597d\u597d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6478\u7d22\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u548c\u5404\u500b\u5718\u968a\u6e9d\u901a\u66b8\u89e3\uff0c \u6700\u7d42\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u59a5\u5354\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u518d\u518d\u8003\u9a57\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u3002
\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9435\u4eba\u4e09\u9805\u6216\u99ac\u62c9\u677e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8ab0\u5805\u6301\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u77ed\u8dd1\uff0c\u7576\u6a5f\u6703\u4f86\u81e8\u7684\u6642\u5019\u885d\u523a\uff0c\u5e73\u6642\u6ce8\u610f\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u4f11\u606f\u3002
\u2014 Naval Ravikant
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\u6587\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u5f88\u591a\u9762\u5411\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3001\u5be6\u969b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u9084\u6709\u63a8\u85a6\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u3002
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\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f \u68ee\u6797\u91ce\u706b\u3001 \u706b\u8eca\u7ffb\u8986\u3001 \u98df\u54c1\u885b\u751f\u65b0\u805e\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8655\u7406\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u524d\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e26\u898f\u5283\u597d\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u6c92\u9047\u904e\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u900f\u904e \u63d0\u524d\u7684\u5206\u5de5 \u548c \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\uff0c \u5c07\u6703\u8b93\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u6709\u500b\u4f9d\u8a17\u4e26\u8f03\u70ba\u51b7\u975c\u9762\u5c0d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u5206\u5de5","title":"\u5206\u5de5","text":"\u5206\u5de5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6e9d\u901a \u548c \u8655\u7406\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\uff08Incident Commander, IC\uff09\u3001 \u6e9d\u901a\u9818\u5c0e\uff08Communications Lead, CL\uff09\u548c\u8655\u7406\u9818\u5c0e\uff08Operations Lead, Ops Lead, OL\uff09\uff0c \u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u5de5\u4f5c\u5283\u5206\u597d\u3002
IC \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u62ec\uff1a
\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5920\u5927\uff0cIC \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u628a\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66\u4e00\u500b CL\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6703\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u8077\u8cac\uff1a
OL \u5247\u662f\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\uff1a
Google Home\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31 GH\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u667a\u80fd\u7ba1\u5bb6\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8acb\u4ed6\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u60c5\u6642\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u958b\u5ba2\u5ef3\u96fb\u71c8\uff0c \u9700\u8981\u5148\u89f8\u767c\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\uff08hotword\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 OK Google\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8a9e\u8abf\u548c\u53e3\u6c23\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a13\u7df4\u7d20\u6750\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u8fa8\u8b58\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7d20\u6750\u6703\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u96f2\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a13\u7df4\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u6703\u653e\u5728\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c \u6545\u800c GH \u6703\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u548c server \u53d6\u5f97\u8a13\u7df4\u7d50\u679c\u3002
\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\uff08v1.88\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4 GH \u53bb\u8ddf server \u8981\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u822c\u7684 50 \u500d\u3002 \u5728 5 \u6708 22 \u865f\u79ae\u62dc\u4e00\u4e2d\uff0c \u4e00\u500b\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44\u6210\u70ba Jasper \u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u6bcf\u79d2\u5b58\u53d6\u91cf\uff08queries per second, QPS\uff09\u8b8a\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u66ab\u505c\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u505c\u5728 25% \u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7dda\u4e0a\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6236\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff09\u3002 Jasper \u958b\u7968\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u500b\u7570\u5e38\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u5099\u8a3b\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u91cf\u4f86\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684 50 \u500d\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8005 Melinda \u628a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5f35\u820a\u7684\u7968\uff0c \u9019\u500b\u820a\u7684\u7968\u662f\u5728\u8aaa\u660e GH \u6bcf\u6b21\u5237\u65b0\u767b\u5165\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u6703\u4e0d\u88ab\u9810\u671f\u7684\u53bb\u5b58\u53d6\u4e00\u6b21\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u7d50\u679c\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u9810\u671f\u6703\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\uff08v1.88\uff09\u4e2d\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7d42\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7570\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u62c9\u5927\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u5ee3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\u7576\u670d\u52d9\u5728 5 \u6708 31 \u865f\u79ae\u62dc\u4e09\u88ab\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230 50% \u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u56e0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u9810\u671f\u7684\u820a\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u5ee3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5ba2\u670d\u958b\u59cb\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u56de\u5831\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e GH \u5728\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u6536\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u7d93\u904e\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u78ba\u8a8d\u6b63\u662f\u89f8\u767c\u9650\u6d41\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u62c9\u5927\uff0c\u7d13\u7de9\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u662f\u5f8c\u7aef\u958b\u767c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u524d\u7aef\u958b\u767c\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8ffd\u8e64\u521d\u671f\u671d\u8457\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a0\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u63d0\u9ad8\u7b49\u7d1a\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08incident\uff09\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u958b\u767c\u8005\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u4ecd\u6709\u9650\u3002
\u958b\u767c\u8457\u958b\u59cb\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0c\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6392\u67e5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u958b\u5927\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c \u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u56de\u5831\u9650\u6d41\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a8\u5ee3\u5ea6\u3002 \u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u5728 6 \u6708 3 \u865f\u79ae\u62dc\u516d\u628a\u63a8\u5ee3\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230 100% \u6642\uff0c\u5ba2\u670d\u958b\u59cb\u6536\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u5831\uff0c \u5118\u7ba1\u6536\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u5831\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u9031\u672b\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u4ecd\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u9019\u932f\u8aa4\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u4e26\u4f9d\u7167\u6b63\u5e38\u8655\u7406\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u7968\u8ffd\u8e64\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u8655\u7406\u3002
\u5230\u4e86\u9694\u5929\u9031\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u56de\u5831\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u7d42\u65bc\u628a\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u5c64\u7d1a\uff0c \u7531\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44\u8acb\u6c42 SRE \u5718\u968a\u628a\u7bc0\u9ede\u6578\u62c9\u5927\uff08\u63d0\u5347\u8ca0\u8f09\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u4e26\u5c07\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0e\u5f15\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u9650\u6d41\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u62c9\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ecd\u6703\u62d2\u7d55\u8655\u7406\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u628a\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u805a\u7126\u5728\u9650\u6d41\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0a\u9762\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\u5c08\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad8\u9650\u6d41\u5f8c\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u88ab\u8212\u7de9\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u66b8\u89e3\u5f7c\u6b64\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6392\u67e5\u51fa\u6839\u56e0\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#google-home-\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","title":"Google Home \u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","text":"\u56e0\u70ba\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5728\u9031\u672b\u4ecd\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9031\u672b\uff0c\u9019\u554f\u984c\u4ecd\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u8655\u7406\u554f\u984c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6700\u7d42\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u66ff\u54e1\u5de5\u5e73\u8861\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u9031\u672b\u628a\u63a8\u5ee3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u62c9\u9ad8\u3002 \u518d\u4f86\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u554f\u984c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u907f\u514d\u932f\u8aa4\u7e7c\u7e8c\u64f4\u6563\uff0c \u7576\u932f\u8aa4\u72c0\u6cc1\u88ab\u7d13\u7de9\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u6392\u67e5\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a8\u5ee3\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u554f\u984c\u6392\u67e5\u4e0d\u6e05\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u932f\u8aa4\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u53ec\u96c6\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u58eb\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\uff1a
\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ec\u96c6\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u5ba4\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5834\u7dda\u4e0a\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u4e26\u5373\u6642\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u9762\u5c0d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u5148\u53ef\u7528\u518d\u627e\u6839\u56e0","title":"\u5148\u53ef\u7528\u518d\u627e\u6839\u56e0","text":"Kubernetes \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5bb9\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52d9\uff0cGoogle \u6709\u5728\u96f2\u7aef\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a17\u7ba1\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u7a31\u5176\u70ba Google Kubernetes Engine, GKE\u3002 GKE \u5728\u555f\u52d5\u4e4b\u521d\u6703\u5148\u53bb\u7372\u5f97\u670d\u52d9\u9700\u8981\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6392\u7a0b\u5668\u3001\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u4f46\u56e0\u70ba Kubernetes \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u6e90\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6703\u5728\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u88ab\u65b0\u589e\u9032\u4f86\u3002
\u65e9\u4e0a 6:41 \u6642\uff0cZara \u958b\u59cb\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 Europe-West \u5340\u57df\u555f\u52d5 GKE \u670d\u52d9\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u544a\u8b66\uff0c \u4e26\u5728 7:06 \u958b\u59cb\u5ba3\u544a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u5ba3\u544a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8005\uff0cZara \u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u3002 Zara \u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u60c5\u6cc1\u544a\u8a34\u7d66 Rohit \u4e26\u6307\u6d3e\u5176\u8ca0\u8cac\u5c0d\u5916\uff08GKE \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff09\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c Rohit \u5247\u5728 7:24 \u958b\u59cb\u544a\u77e5\u7576\u5730\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u76ee\u524d\u7121\u6cd5\u555f\u52d5\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u884c\u3002
\u5728 8:20 \u524d\uff0c\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b log\uff1a
error: failed to run Kubelet: cannot create certificate signing request: Post\nhttps://192.0.2.53/apis/certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1/certificatesigningrequests\n\u5718\u968a\u958b\u59cb\u5617\u8a66\u9a57\u8b49\u6191\u8b49\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u6642\u90fd\u80fd\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u628a\u670d\u52d9\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u932f\u3002 Zara \u65bc\u662f\u628a\u8655\u7406\u9032\u5ea6\u6574\u7406\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 8:22 \u958b\u59cb\u5411\u76f8\u95dc\u6e9d\u901a\u7cfb\u7d71\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u5354\u52a9\u3002 \u5230\u4e86 8:45 \u8cc7\u6df1 SRE Il-Seong \u958b\u59cb\u9032\u73ed\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u7576\u65e5\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c \u5728\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6574\u5408\u9032\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u7de8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u8b70 Zara \u8b93\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u3001 \u96f2\u7aef\u7db2\u8def\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5718\u968a\u90fd\u52a0\u9032\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u5718\u968a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u4e00\u6392\u9664\u3002
\u96a8\u8457\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e45\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u5718\u968a\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u958b\u59cb\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u4e5f\u5728 10:00 \u6642\u5f9e Zara \u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684 Il-Seong\uff0c \u65bc\u662f Il-Seong \u958b\u59cb\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d93\u904e\u548c\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6574\u7406\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u3002 Zara \u5247\u5728\u6b64\u6642\u6210\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u9818\u5c0e\uff08OL\uff09\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u9818\u5c0e\uff08CL\uff09\u5247\u6307\u6d3e\u7d66 Herais\uff0c \u4e26\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u5bc4\u9001\u300c\u5168\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u7bb1\u7d66\u6240\u6709 GKE \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5230\u6b64\u6642\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5fb5\u72c0\uff1a
\u5728\u6536\u5230\u5168\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b GKE \u8cc7\u5b89\u5718\u968a\u540c\u4ec1 Puanani \u52a0\u5165\u6392\u67e5\uff0c \u4e26\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6191\u8b49\u7c3d\u767c\u8005\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u555f\u52d5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u6bcf\u6b21\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u5bb9\u5668\u8a3b\u518a\u5546\uff08DockerHub\uff09\u62c9\u53d6\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u7834\u58de\u7684\uff0c \u4e26\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u4ec1\u8b49\u5be6\u9019\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ea\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u767c\u751f\u3002 \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u662f 9:56\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u3002
\u9019\u6642\u6307\u63ee\u5b98 Il-Seong \u958b\u59cb\u5206\u6d3e\u5169\u500b\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4fee\u5fa9 DockerHub \u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c \u4e00\u500b\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u5b9a\u53e2\u96c6\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u8a3b\u518a\u5546\uff08GCR\uff09\u62c9\u53d6\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u9805\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u8981\u5373\u6642\u7684\u6539\u52d5\u662f\u6709\u5929\u751f\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u9078\u9805\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8b6f\u57f7\u884c\u6a94\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u5fc5\u9808\u8017\u8cbb\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u3002 \u5230\u4e86 10:59\uff0c\u7576\u5718\u968a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86 90% \u7684\u7de8\u8b6f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u4ed6\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u5230 GCR\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u8b6f\u3002 \u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u500b\u5de5\u7a0b Tugay \u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u53bb hook \u5f9e DockerHub \u62c9\u53d6\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c \u4e26\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u4e2d\u653e\u4e0a\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c\u800c GCR \u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u597d\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u4e86\uff01
\u5728\u548c GCR \u5de5\u7a0b\u78ba\u8a8d\u597d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u62c9\u53d6\u6642\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u9805\uff1a --registry-mirror=https://mirror.gcr.io\uff0c \u9019\u6642\uff0c11:29\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u62c9\u53d6\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u9019\u500b\u9078\u9805\u4e86\uff01 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u5728 GCR\uff01 \u5230\u4e86 11:59 \u4ed6\u5011\u4fee\u5fa9\u4e86 GCR \u4e0a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728 12:11 \u56de\u5831\u6240\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u4e86\u3002 \u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5b58\u5728 6 \u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u53c8 40 \u5206\u9418\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7d42\u65bc\u88ab\u56de\u5831\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u7562\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c 6 \u500b\u5718\u968a\u300141 \u500b\u7368\u7acb\u4eba\u54e1\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b 26000 \u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230 28 \u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u884c\u70ba\u9ede\u3002
GKE on-call \u6210\u54e1 Zara \u5feb\u901f\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e14\u6307\u6d3e\u8ca0\u8cac\u9867\u5ba2\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u554f\u984c\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002
GKE \u9019\u500b\u670d\u52d9\u672c\u8eab\u64c1\u6709\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u548c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u554f\u984c\u7665\u7d50\u9ede\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5728\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\u7684 DockerHub \u4e0a\u9762\u3002 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u4e26\u672a\u53ca\u65e9\u64b0\u5beb\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56de\u5831\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5354\u52a9\u7684\u4eba\u5feb\u901f\u9032\u5165\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u5f88\u591a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u907a\u5fd8\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002 Zara \u5728\u6307\u63ee\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u6642\uff0c \u61c9\u8a72\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7d71\u6574\u591a\u500b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u5fd9\u5404\u81ea\u7684\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u904e\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u529f\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u58c1\u58d8\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u500b\u5927\u539f\u5247\uff1a\u5148\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u8457\u627e\u6839\u56e0\u3002 \u7576 GKE \u767c\u751f\u72c0\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9000\u7248\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u7576\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u6574\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u5668\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5efa\u7acb\u53e2\u96c6\u3002 \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u7570\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u7cdf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u516d\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002
\u56de\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u65e9\u4e0a 7:00 \u767c\u73fe\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u88ab\u5f71\u97ff\u300110:00 \u767c\u73fe\u58de\u6389\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u3001 11:00 \u958b\u59cb\u7de8\u8b6f\u8abf\u6574\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5f8c\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6a94\u300112:00 \u4fee\u5fa9 GCR \u640d\u58de\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 10:00 \u767c\u73fe\u75c7\u72c0\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5feb\u901f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u93e1\u50cf\u6a94\u90fd\u5fa9\u539f\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002
\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u76f8\u95dc\u6025\u6551\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u5fa9\u539f\u7248\u672c\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u5c0e\u5f15\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u5efa\u7acb\u6025\u6551\u8a2d\u65bd\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u524d\uff0c \u800c\u6025\u6551\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u500b\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u86db\u7d72\u99ac\u8de1\u3002 \u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u6025\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u5148\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u8457\u627e\u6839\u56e0\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\uff1a
\u96fb\u7db2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u7a81\u7136\u65b7\u96fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u64ca\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9810\u9632\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u96aa\uff0c \u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08uninterruptible power supply, UPS\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u65b7\u96fb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5f0f\u767c\u96fb\u6a5f\u904b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u500b\u7a7a\u7a97\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u652f\u63f4\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u96fb\u529b\u3002 Google \u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5c31\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
2015 \u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u64ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u505c\u96fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u9019\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u624b\u96fb\u529b\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u5206\u9418\u5167\uff0c\u53c8\u4f86\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u96fb\u64ca\uff08\u542b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7e3d\u5171\u56db\u6b21\uff09\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u904b\u7b97\u670d\u52d9\uff08Google Compute Engine, GCE\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u537b\u4ecd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c \u4f46\u7b2c\u4e09\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u7684\u96fb\u64ca\u537b\u5c0e\u81f4\u78c1\u789f\uff08disk\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u78c1\u789f\u505c\u6b62\u904b\u4f5c\u3002 \u78c1\u789f\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u8b93 GCE \u4e0a\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\uff08virtual machine, VM\uff09\u51fa\u73fe\u8b80\u5beb\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002
GCE \u7684 SRE \u5de5\u7a0b\u628a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u50b3\u9054\u7d66\u8ca0\u8cac\u78c1\u789f\u7684 SRE \u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u8ca0\u8cac\u78c1\u789f\u7684 SRE \u6210\u70ba\u672c\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u78c1\u789f\u548c\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6982\u89c0\uff0c\u4e26\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1a
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u96fb\u64ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u78c1\u789f\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","title":"\u96fb\u64ca\u5c0e\u81f4\u78c1\u789f\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790","text":"\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u5f88\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u628a\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u653e\u5728\u4e8b\u767c\u7576\u4e0b\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c\u5247\u6307\u6d3e\u76f8\u95dc\u5718\u968a\uff0c \u4e26\u8b93\u5176\u5b9a\u6642\u5b9a\u9ede\u56de\u5831\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u95dc\u6ce8\u5728\u642c\u9077 VM \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u642c\u9077 VM \u662f\u9700\u8981 GCE\uff08\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u500b VM \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff09\u548c\u78c1\u789f\u5718\u968a\uff08\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6a5f\u72c0\u6cc1\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u6307\u6d3e\u7684\u5718\u968a\u9700\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u80fd\u5728\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u6e9d\u901a","title":"\u6e9d\u901a","text":"PagerDuty \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\u7684 SaaS \u670d\u52d9\u5546\uff0c \u5b83\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u5b98\u7db2\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u3002
PagerDuty \u65e9\u671f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u4e26\u8ca0\u8cac\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c \u96a8\u8457\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u9577\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u6578\u5341\u500b\u5718\u968a\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8457\u8abf\u6574\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u6578\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u5be9\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u500b\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u4e14\u8ddf\u96a8\u8457\u5546\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u767b\u5165\u548c\u7121\u6cd5\u8a3b\u518a\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
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\u53e6\u5916\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u8655\u7406\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u54e1\u8f2a\u66ff\u7684\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 PagerDuty 2017 \u5e74\u5728\u534a\u591c\u767c\u751f\u9577\u9054\u5341\u5c0f\u6642\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u6bcf\u56db\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u5c31\u8f2a\u66ff\u4e00\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u9664\u4e86\u8b93\u4eba\u54e1\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u4f11\u606f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u7d00\u9304\uff08\u5426\u5247\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4ea4\u63a5\uff1f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b93\u63a5\u624b\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u6846\u67b6","title":"\u6846\u67b6","text":"\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u901a\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u9664\u4e86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6e9d\u901a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5c0d\u516c\u53f8\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e5f\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 \u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c Google \u767c\u73fe\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u52d9\u72c0\u6cc1\u548c\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u65b0\u9032\u4eba\u54e1\u6703\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9032\u5165\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7df4\u7fd2\u3001\u6b77\u4f86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5206\u6790\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u597d\u58de\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u584a\u3002
\u6c7a\u5b9a\u597d\u6e9d\u901a\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f Line\u3001Teams \u6216\u7dda\u4e0a\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u719f\u6089\u5c31\u597d\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e8b\u767c\u7576\u4e0b\u9084\u8981\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f5c\u6e9d\u901a\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u90fd\u5217\u597d\u3002 \u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u5148\u53ef\u7528\u518d\u627e\u6839\u56e0\u4e2d\uff0cGoogle \u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5168\u9ad4\u52d5\u54e1\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u55ce\uff1f \u9019\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u806f\u7d61\u4eba\u54e1\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/incident-response/#\u7e3d\u7d50","title":"\u7e3d\u7d50","text":"\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002 \u8a66\u8457\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6a21\u64ec\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u900f\u904e chaos monkey\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 Google \u6703\u57f7\u884c\u516c\u53f8\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7df4\u7fd2\uff08\u7a31\u70ba Disaster Recovery Testing, or DiRT\uff09\uff0c \u90fd\u662f\u518d\u518d\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002
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DiRT \u6240\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5728 Google \u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u65bd DiRT \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u628a\u6e2c\u8a66\u653e\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u898f\u6a21\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u5c64\u7d1a\u3002
\u4ed6\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u57df\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6574\u500b\u65b7\u7db2\u548c\u505c\u96fb\uff0c\u6a21\u64ec\u5927\u5730\u9707\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u7406\u60f3\u4e0a\u7576\u7136\u6703\u6709\u500b\u5099\u63f4\u63a5\u624b\u9019\u4e9b\u5931\u80fd\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u5916\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u65bc\u751f\u7522\u3001\u5167\u90e8\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u8ca1\u52d9\u3001\u8cc7\u5b89\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u8a2d\u65bd\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u832b\u832b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u7dca\u6025\u6642\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff08\u6253\u7279\u6b8a\u96fb\u8a71\uff09\uff0c \u96a8\u8457\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u8d85\u904e 100 \u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u627e\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u901a\u8a0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u5bb9\u7d0d 40 \u4eba\u3002 \u4e26\u4e14\u7576\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u8a72\u96fb\u8a71\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u5f85\u6a5f\u72c0\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u96fb\u8a71\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5bb6\u88ab\u8feb\u4eab\u53d7\u512a\u7f8e\u7684\u5f85\u6a5f\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c \u6545\u800c\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u628a\u4eba\u8e22\u8d70\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u64ec\u9577\u671f\u505c\u96fb\u6642\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u767c\u96fb\u6a5f\u7684\u4f9b\u96fb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7533\u8acb\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5927\u91cf\u67f4\u6cb9\u71c3\u6599\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7533\u8acb\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u7dca\u6025\u652f\u51fa\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9019\u500b\u7dca\u6025\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u8a72\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5011\uff0c \u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8c6a\u6c23\u842c\u5343\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u9858\u610f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u4ea4\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5237\u4e0a\u516d\u4f4d\u6578\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5efa\u7acb\u670d\u52d9\u9700\u8981\u64b0\u5beb\u6587\u6a94\u8b93\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u6a94\u582a\u4e0d\u582a\u7528\uff1f \u552f\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u53f8\u6587\u5316\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5931\u6557\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u7fd2\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c \u5c0d\u65bc\u4f7f\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u96c6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u4e2d\u5fc3\u80fd\u5920\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u76e3\u63a7\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c \u9019\u4f7f\u5f97 DiRT \u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u74b0\u5883\u3002 \u7576\u767c\u751f\u7121\u6cd5\u9810\u6599\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6642\uff0c \u6307\u63ee\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5718\u968a\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5c08\u5bb6\u7d44\u6210\uff09\u6703\u4ecb\u5165\u6062\u5fa9\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u4fee\u5fa9\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/managing-load/","title":"\u8ca0\u8f09\u7ba1\u7406","text":"\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a \u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\uff08load balancing\uff09\u3001\u8ca0\u8f09\u524a\u6e1b\uff08load shedding\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u52d5\u589e\u6e1b\uff08auto scaling\uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u5236\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\u9020\u6210\u932f\u8aa4\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u7834\u58de\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
\u5728\u5343\u5947\u767e\u602a\u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u7bc0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\u4f86\u9075\u5faa\u3002
\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u57fa\u790e
\u5728 SRE \u4e2d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5169\u7a2e\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u95dc\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u548c\u5e38\u898b\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002
\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e Google \u96f2\u7aef\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5e73\u8861\u6a5f\u5236\uff08Google Cloud Load Balancing, GCLB\uff09\uff0c \u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7e\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u7576\u4f5c\u53c3\u8003\u3002
\u5f9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u7d42\u5230\u9054\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u74b0\u7bc0\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002 \u8981\u5747\u8861\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 DNS\u3002 DNS \u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684 IP \u7d66\u4e88\u6700\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3 IP\uff0c\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u8ca0\u8f09\u7684\u5206\u6563\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6703\u5feb\u53d6 IP\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5931\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u8acb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684 IP\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5230\u671f\u9650\u5230\u671f\u624d\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u8acb\u6c42\uff1f
\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 GCLB \u63a1\u7528 anycast \u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u65bc unicast \u7684\u8def\u7531\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u6703\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c anycast \u5728\u8def\u7531\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6703\u5224\u65b7\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u9001\u5f80\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3
\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6703\u4f7f\u7528 BGP \u4f86\u767c\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7d66\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u800c\u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff08ISP\uff09\u767c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u6642\uff0cISP \u6703\u5229\u7528 BGP \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c \u5e6b\u52a9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u50b3\u5230\u6700\u9069\u5408\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
\u4f46\u9019\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b GCLB \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u95e1\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/managing-load/#gclb-\u7684\u67b6\u69cb","title":"GCLB \u7684\u67b6\u69cb","text":"\u7576\u5c01\u5305\u9001\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u5148\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u662f Maglev\uff1b \u5c0d Maglev \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0b\u6e38\u662f Google Front End\uff08GFE\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d GFE \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u6e38\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c \u53ef\u80fd\u662f Kubernetes \u7684 ingress \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684 Nginx\u3002
---\ntitle: GCLB \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\n---\nflowchart TB\n u[User] --10.0.0.1--> i((ISP))\n subgraph \"Data Center 1\"\n direction TB\n u1[router] --> lb1[Load balancers: Maglev]\n p1[HTTP Reverse Proxies: GFE]\n end\n subgraph \"Data Center 2\"\n direction TB\n u2[router] --> lb2[Load balancers: Maglev]\n lb2 --> p2[HTTP Reverse Proxies: GFE]\n p2 --> svc[Services]\n end\n i --10.0.0.1--> u1\n i --10.0.0.1--> u2\n lb1 -.Stabilized anycast.-> lb2\n\u5982\u679c Maglev \u767c\u73fe\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff08\u670d\u52d9\u7684 VIP\uff09\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u5c01\u5305\u9001\u7d66\u8a72\u53e2\u96c6\u3002 \u5982\u4e0a\u5716\u7684 Stabilized anycast\u3002\u4f9d\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u9023\u7dda\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a \u7684\u554f\u984c
\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f Maglev
\u66f4\u591a Maglev \u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u6b64\u7bc7\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u662f\u900f\u904e VIP matching \u627e\u5230\u5c01\u5305\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
Maglev \u4e0b\u7684 GFE \u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u6703\u662f TCP \u548c TLS \u9023\u7dda\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6703\uff1a
\u56de\u5230\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c \u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6c96\u57ae\u3002 \u7576\u53e2\u96c6\u5167\u670d\u52d9\u5931\u80fd\u6216\u8ca0\u8377\u9ad8\u6642\uff0cMaglev \u53c8\u6216\u8005 GFE \u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u53e2\u96c6\u5462\uff1f \u4ed6\u5011\u9760\u7684\u662f Global Software Load Balancer\uff08GSLB\uff09\u7684\u5354\u8abf\u3002
flowchart TB\n m1[Maglev]\n m2[Maglev]\n gslb[GSLB]\n g1[GFE]\n g2[GFE]\n bs1[Backend Service]\n bs2[BackendService]\n m1 -.-gslb-.- g1\n m2 -.-gslb-.- g2\n m1 --> g1\n m2 --> g2\n g1 --> bs1\n g2 -.- bs2\n g2 --> bs1\nGSLB \u6703\u63a7\u5236\u5c0d GFE \u7684\u9023\u7dda\u548c\u9001\u5f80\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5206\u4f48\uff1a
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0cGSLB \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u628a Maglev \u548c GFE \u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u81a0\u6c34\uff0c \u8b93 Maglev \u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u4e14\u5065\u5eb7\u7684 GFE\uff1b \u4e5f\u8b93 GFE \u80fd\u5920\u627e\u5230\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u4e14\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002
\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8b93\u6574\u500b GCLB \u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86 anycast \u7684\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/managing-load/#gclb-\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38","title":"GCLB \u7684\u5ef6\u4f38","text":"Google \u900f\u904e\u628a Maglev \u548c GFE \u5927\u91cf\u7f6e\u65bc\u5404\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c \u4f86\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u591a\u6b21 TCP/TLS \u4f86\u56de\u4ea4\u63e1\u3002 \u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548c GFE \u5b8c\u6210\u9023\u7dda\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4e0a\u6e38\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9023\u7dda\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
GCLB \u63d0\u4f9b SLA 99.99% \u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u8a2d\u6703\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90e8\u7f72\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5148\u653e\u51fa\u5148\u884c\u7248\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u707d\u96e3\u3002
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"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/","title":"\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08","text":"\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08Non Abstract Large System Design, NALSD\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\u67b6\u69cb\u6642\uff0c \u6709\u500b\u4f9d\u64da\u5efa\u7acb\u7a69\u5065\u800c\u53c8\u9ad8\u64f4\u5145\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
\u672c\u6587\u5148\u900f\u904e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u9700\u6c42\u4e26\u53cd\u8986\u5be9\u8996\u3001\u5faa\u5e8f\u6539\u5584\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u89e3\u65b9\u3002 \u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u80fd\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u521d\u671f\u4fbf\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u7a69\u5065\u6027\u4e14\u540c\u6642\u64c1\u6709\u672a\u4f86\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u964d\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u53ef\u88ab\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u8b93 SRE \u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\uff0c \u601d\u8003\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u64f4\u5145\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u74f6\u9838\uff0c\u4e26\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9ede\u4e0a\u3002 \u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u8986\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u9019\u56db\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u76ee\u7684
\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u8981\u5be6\u969b\u8dd1\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4e0a\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u8986\u7df4\u7fd2\u5c07\u767d\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u5716\uff0c\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u6578\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7463\u788e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53bb\u7df4\u7fd2\u548c\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7dda\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ed8\u51fa\u66f4\u6158\u75db\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002
\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e2d\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u63a8\u4f30\u6703\u6bd4\u6700\u7d42\u5be6\u969b\u7d50\u679c\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u6703\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728 NALSD \u4e2d\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u7df4\u7fd2\u51fa\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u591a\u500b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f46\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e2d\u5c0e\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u597d\u88ab\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u7d50\u679c
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#\u7df4\u7fd2\u6d41\u7a0b","title":"\u7df4\u7fd2\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u7c21\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8986\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u90fd\u6703\u5b9a\u7fa9\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e26\u627e\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u5f31\u9ede\u3002 \u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u627e\u51fa\u512a\u9ede\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u968e\u6bb5\u6211\u5011\u6703\u6839\u64da\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a
\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u6703\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u91dd\u5c0d\u521d\u59cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u64f4\u5145\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u518d\u53bb\u56de\u61c9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a
\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u51fa\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u7df4\u7fd2\u6642\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53cd\u8986\u8a70\u554f\u7684\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6703\u5148\u8003\u616e\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u6027\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u66ff\u63db\u67d0\u500b\u7d44\u4ef6\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u91cd\u982d\u958b\u59cb\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#\u7df4\u7fd2adwords","title":"\u7df4\u7fd2\uff1aAdWords","text":"AdWords \u662f Google \u4e00\u9805\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e Google \u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u7d14\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u3002 \u9019\u6b21\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u6e2c\u4e26\u56de\u5831\u6b63\u78ba\u7684 click-through rate \uff08CTR\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9ede\u64ca\u5ee3\u544a\u6b21\u6578 \u9664\u4ee5 \u5ee3\u544a\u63a8\u64ad\u6578\uff09\u3002
\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6703\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u63a8\u64ad\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u662f \u56e0\u70ba\u54ea\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u88ab\u6295\u653e\u5ee3\u544a \u4ee5\u53ca \u54ea\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u8b93\u5ee3\u544a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9ede\u64ca\uff0c \u9032\u800c\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u5ee3\u544a\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u7136\u5f8c\u8abf\u6574\u5ee3\u544a\u50f9\u9322\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7d44\u5408 \u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u5c0d\u5ee3\u544a\u6295\u653e\u7387 \u4ee5\u53ca \u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u5c0d\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9700\u6c42\u7684-slo","title":"\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9700\u6c42\u7684 SLO","text":"\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u7ad9\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \u5047\u8a2d\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f \u9762\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u5feb\u901f \u4ee5\u53ca \u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5426\u5373\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8a02\u5b9a\u51fa SLO\uff1a
\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u6a5f\u5236\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6bcf\u500b \u641c\u5c0b \u548c \u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca \u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a
\u540d\u7a31 \u8b8a\u6578\u540d\u7a31 \u578b\u5225 \u4f54\u4f4d\uff08bytes\uff09 \u6642\u9593time 64-bit integer 8 ID query_id 64-bit integer 8 ADs ad_ids array of 64-bit integers 8~24\uff08\u6bcf\u6b21\u641c\u5c0b\u6700\u591a\u653e 3 \u500b\u5ee3\u544a\uff09 \u95dc\u9375\u5b57 search_terms array of char \u2248500 \u5143\u8cc7\u6599 metadata array of char 500~1000\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u54ea\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\uff09 \u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u5167\u5bb9
\u540d\u7a31 \u8b8a\u6578\u540d\u7a31 \u578b\u5225 \u4f54\u4f4d\uff08bytes\uff09 \u6642\u9593time 64-bit integer 8 ID query_id 64-bit integer 8 AD ad_id 64-bit integers 8 \u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u5167\u5bb9
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u628a search_term \u653e\u9032\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u628a search_term \u653e\u9032\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u904e\u8a72\u65e5\u8a8c\u627e\u5230\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6307\u6a19 \u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u5c0d\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u3002
\u4f46\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u9ede\u64ca\u7d00\u9304\u662f\u900f\u904e HTTP URL \u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u9019\u500b URL \u662f\u6709\u9577\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cGoogle \u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f CTR\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c \u4e0d\u6703\u628a search_term \u5230\u8655\u4e1f\u3002
\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a
\u6211\u5011\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e09\u7a2e\u67b6\u69cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a
\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u80fd\u55ce\uff1f
\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u9032 MySQL \u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684 SQL \u627e\u51fa\u300c\u67d0\u500b\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u67d0\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u300d\u3002
-- \u628a Query Log \u5206\u6210\uff1aquery_ads\u3001query_terms \u548c query_metadata \u4e09\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u3002\nSELECT a.search_term, a.click_count / b.query_count\nFROM (\n SELECT COUNT(*) AS click_count\n FROM click_history AS c\n LEFT JOIN query_terms AS q ON q.query_id = c.query_id AND q.search_term = ?\n WHERE c.ad_id = ?\n) a,\n(\n SELECT COUNT(*) AS query_count\n FROM query_ads AS a\n INNER JOIN query_terms AS t ON t.query_id = q.query_id AND t.search_term = ?\n WHERE a.ad_id = ?\n) b\nWHERE a.search_term = b.search_term\n\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u6642\u9593\u548c\u91d1\u9322\u5167\u9054\u6210\u55ce\uff1f
\u70ba\u4e86\u653e\u9032\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1f \u6839\u64da\u524d\u9762\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b 1 \u5929\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u5927\u5c0f\u7d04\u70ba 86.4TB\uff1a
\\[\\begin{flalign} \\left( 5 \\times 10^5 \\mathrm{\\ queries/second} \\right) \\times \\left( 2 \\times 10^3 \\mathrm{\\ bytes} \\right) \\times \\left( 8.64 \\times 10^4 \\mathrm{\\ seconds/day} \\right) \\\\ =86.4 \\mathrm{\\ TB/day} \\end{flalign}\\]\u4fdd\u5b88\u4f30\u8a08\u9700\u8981\u7d04 100TB \u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 4TB \u7684 HDD\uff08\u786c\u789f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u786c\u789f\u53c8\u53d7\u9650\u65bc 200 IOPS\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u6839\u64da\u524d\u9762\u7684 MySQL\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u9032 4 \u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981\u7d04 10,000 \u500b\u786c\u789f\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} \\left( 5 \\times 10^5 \\mathrm{\\ queries/second} \\right) \\times \\left( 4 \\mathrm{\\ IO/query} \\right) / \\left( 200 \\mathrm{\\ IOPS/disk} \\right) \\\\ = 1 \\times 10^4 \\mathrm{\\ disks} \\end{align*}\\]\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 10,000 \u500b\u786c\u789f\uff0c \u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u56e0 IOPS \u800c\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u5927\u91cf\u786c\u9ad4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c7a\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u8a55\u4f30\u4e00\u4e0b RAM \u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u653e\u68c4\u5176\u4ed6\u5132\u5b58\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SSD\u3002 \u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u53f0 16C/64G/1G\uff0816 core CPU\u300164 GB RAM\u30011G \u7db2\u8def\u901a\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u9700\u8981 1563 \u53f0\u96fb\u8166\uff1a
\\[\\begin{align*} \\left\\lceil \\left( 100 \\mathrm{\\ TB} \\right) / \\left( 64 \\mathrm{\\ GB\\ RAM/machine} \\right) \\right\\rceil \\\\ = 1,563 \\mathrm{\\ machines} \\end{align*}\\]\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u53f0\u7684 MySQL \u53e2\u96c6\uff0c\u9084\u53ea\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u9ede\u64ca\u7387\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9084\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5099\u63f4\u3001\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u592a\u5be6\u969b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#mapreduce","title":"MapReduce","text":"Tip
\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u4e0b\u6587\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5148\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f MapReduce\u3002
\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u80fd\u55ce\uff1f
\u628a\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u548c\u9ede\u64ca\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684 ad_id \u5256\u6790\uff08map\uff09\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c \u5408\u4f75\uff08reduce\uff09\u9032\u6bcf\u500b search_term \u7684\u9ede\u64ca\u6b21\u6578\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 MapReduce \u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u505a\u5230\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u7576\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8a2d\u5099\u6642\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u88dc\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9084\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u6211\u5011\u7684 SLO\u3002
99.9% \u7684 CTR \u8cc7\u8a0a\u90fd\u8981\u986f\u793a 5 \u5206\u9418\u5167\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002
\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u628a\u6279\u6b21\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7d1a\u8ddd\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6bcf\u5206\u9418\u6279\u6b21\u8a08\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5408\u4f75\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u641c\u5c0b\u548c\u9ede\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6279\u6b21\u88e1 \uff08\u641c\u5c0b\u548c\u5ee3\u544a\u9ede\u64ca\u6839\u64da\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u5206\u9418\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\uff0c \u5c31\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7d44\u51fa search_term \u548c\u9ede\u64ca\u6b21\u6578\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8655\u7406\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5c0d\u65bc MapReduce \u4f86\u8aaa\u5f88\u8017\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u539f\u751f\u9069\u5408\u8655\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/nalsd/#logjoiner","title":"LogJoiner","text":"\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u80fd\u55ce\uff1f
\u6bd4\u8d77\u8b93\u641c\u5c0b\u65e5\u8a8c\u5b58\u9032 MySQL\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 BigTable \u6216\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u4e32\u8868\uff0c \u9019\u7a2e\u597d\u505a\u5206\u5340\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c \u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u4ed6\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u6b04\u4f4d\u505a\u7d22\u5f15\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u55ae\u7d14\u5beb\u5165\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u652f\u63f4 SQL \u7684\u8de8\u7bc0\u9ede\u641c\u5c0b\u3002
---\ntitle: LogJoiner \u67b6\u69cb\n---\nflowchart TD\n ql[Query Logs] --All querylog records-->qm[(QueryMapkey: ad_id,search_termvalue: query_ids)]\n ql --All querylog records-->qs[(QueryStorekey: query_idvalue: QueryLog record)]\n cl[Click Logs]--All click logrecords-->lj([LogJoiner])\n lj<--Look upquery_id-->qs\n lj --> cm[(CLickMapkey: ad_id,search_termvalue: query_ids)]\nQueryStore
LogJoiner
ClickMap
QueryMap
NALSD \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u53cd\u8986\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u628a\u67b6\u69cb\u62c6\u6210\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u60f3\u50cf\u5176\u7f6e\u5165\u7dda\u4e0a\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u9700\u6c42\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d SLO \u7684\u8a02\u5b9a\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba SLO \u6703\u9a45\u52d5\u67b6\u69cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6703\u8ff7\u822a\u3002
\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u53cd\u8986\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7d50\u675f\u90fd\u8981\u53cd\u8986\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u9084\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u55ce\uff1f \u8b93\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u4f9d\u64da SLO \u9019\u500b\u6e96\u7e69\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u6216\u524d\u5e7e\u6b21\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7522\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002
\u6839\u64da Google \u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 CPU\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001Network throughput \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u5c0d\u65bc\u67b6\u69cb\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/on-call/","title":"\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44","text":"SRE \u7684\u5f85\u547d\uff08on-call\uff09\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f85\u547d\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7684\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76e3\u807d\u932f\u8aa4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u67e5\u770b\u9762\u677f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9069\u7576\u7684\u95a5\u503c\uff0c\u512a\u5316\u958b\u767c\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002
\u5f85\u547d\u5c0d\u7dda\u4e0a\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u500b\u9ad8\u7dca\u5f35\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5718\u968a\u3002 \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b21\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u5f85\u547d\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u5f85\u547d\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u5f85\u547d\u5c0f\u7d44\u3001\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u5546\u8a0e\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e38\u5e38\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7121\u95dc\u7dca\u8981\u7684\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5efa\u8b70\u4f60\u9000\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b65\u5f9e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u89c0\u5bdf\u6574\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u4e26\u4e14\u5617\u8a66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5925\u4f34\u6216 SRE \u5718\u968a\u4ea4\u63db\u610f\u898b\u3002
\u7dca\u6025\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u7dad\u904b\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760 \u5e73\u5e38\u7df4\u7fd2\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u808c\u8089\u8a18\u61b6 \u548c \u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u4ef6\u5e6b\u52a9\u6df7\u4e82\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\uff1a
\u8981\u719f\u6089\u9019\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u505a\u7dda\u4e0a\u707d\u96e3\u6f14\u7df4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u88fd\u9020\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u5947\u767c\u7570\u60f3\u3002 \u6bcf\u6b21\u57f7\u884c on-call \u7df4\u7fd2\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f2a\u6d41\u7576\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u597d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u5e73\u53f0\uff1f
\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u985e\uff1a
\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u628a on-call \u5f9e\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u5e38\u7dad\u904b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e2d\u62c9\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u53ea\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u7576\u6709\u4e86 SLO\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6708\u9032\u884c\u516c\u958b\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u5065\u5eb7\u5f59\u5831\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u9810\u7b97\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u8b93\u90a3\u4e9b\u80a1\u6771\u80fd\u5920\u77e5\u9053\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6703\u8b70\u4e0d\u53ea\u80fd\u5920\u50b3\u9054 SLO \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6709\u500b\u6642\u9593\u6aa2\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u6bcf\u6b21\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u5718\u968a\u6709\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8df3\u51fa\u300c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u985e\u3001\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u300d\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u3002 \u4e26\u9032\u800c\u5f37\u5316\u548c\u8abf\u6574\u7522\u54c1\u958b\u767c\u6642\u7684\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u6539\u5584 on-call \u5718\u968a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u54c1\u8cea\u3002
PagerDuty \u8aaa\u660e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f on-call
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/","title":"\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u5316","text":"\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5728 Google \u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff08\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6587\u5316\uff09\u3002 \u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u6790\u8aa4\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8981\u5e36\u8457\u8cac\u5099\u3002 \u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u5931\u8aa4\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u4e26\u6e1b\u5c11\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u932f\u8aa4\u6062\u5fa9\u3002 \u800c\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u5247\u662f\u8981\u50b3\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\uff1a\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u5316\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff01
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u7ae0\u5c07\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u5927\u584a\uff1a
\u96d6\u7136 Google \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u90fd\u4f4d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6703\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u4f7f\u7528\u79df\u501f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u8a17\u7ba1\u670d\u52d9\uff08Colocation centre\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u53d6\uff08cache\uff09\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u5668\uff08proxy\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u9019\u985e\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5728 Google \u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u7a31\u5176\u70ba \u885b\u661f\uff08satellites\uff09\u3002
Google \u5c0d\u65bc\u7dad\u904b\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u5b89\u88dd\u3001\u9000\u5f79\u3001\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7d1a\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u6d29\u6d41\uff08drain\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u9000\u5f79\u6642\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7a31\u5176\u70ba \u78c1\u789f\u62b9\u9664\uff08dsikerase\uff09\uff0c \u4e00\u65e6\u6a5f\u5668\u88ab\u62b9\u9664\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u88ab\u7372\u53d6\u3002 \u800c\u9019\u7aef\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
// \u5f97\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08satellite\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5728\u7dda\u6a5f\u5668\nconst machines = getActiveMachinesFrom(satellite);\n\n// \u900f\u904e `filter` \u628a\u8a72\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff08\u800c\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a5f\u5668\uff09\u9032\u884c\u9000\u5f79\nsendToDecom({\n candidates: getAllActiveMachines(),\n filter: machines,\n});\n\u7576\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u9032\u884c\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u9000\u5f79\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u5f97\u77e5\u6709\u932f\uff08\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u6b63\u78ba\u9032\u884c\u9000\u5f79\uff09\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u7dad\u904b\u4eba\u54e1\u70ba\u4e86\u9664\u932f\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u8173\u672c\uff1a
// \u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6a5f\u5668\u90fd\u9000\u5f79\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7a7a\u7684\u9663\u5217\nconst machines = getActiveMachinesFrom(satellite);\n\n// `filter` \u6536\u5230\u7a7a\u9663\u5217\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u9078\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7684 `candidates` \u800c\u975e\u7a7a\u9663\u5217\nsendToDecom({\n candidates: getAllActiveMachines(),\n filter: machines,\n});\n\u7531\u65bc filter \u662f\u7a7a\u9663\u5217\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u885b\u661f\u5167\u53d7\u8a17\u7ba1\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u90fd\u88ab\u9032\u884c\u78c1\u789f\u62b9\u9664\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u885b\u661f\u5167\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u5931\u80fd\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u90fd\u88ab\u5c0e\u6d41\u9032 Google \u81ea\u5df1\u7dad\u8b77\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002
\u5e78\u8667\u7576\u521d\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u898f\u5283\u8b93 Google \u6709\u80fd\u529b\u627f\u8f09\u9019\u4e9b\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c \u9019\u6b21\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u96d6\u7136\u8017\u6642\u4e86\u5169\u5929\u624d\u628a\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6062\u5fa9\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u9020\u6210\u4e9b\u5fae\u7684\u6f5b\u6642\uff08latency\uff09\u4e0a\u5347\u3002 \u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6578\u9031\u9032\u884c\u5065\u5168\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u963b\u65b7\u5668\uff0c \u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u8a72\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\uff08idempotent\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u3002 \u4e09\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c0e\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u885b\u661f\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5931\u80fd\uff0c \u800c\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6574\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u534a\u5f91\u548c\u6062\u5fa9\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u64b0\u5beb\u770b\u770b\u9019\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u6bd4\u8f03\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u58de\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6","title":"\u58de\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6","text":"\u7121\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5f71\u97ff","title":"\u5f71\u97ff","text":"\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u51aa\u7b49\u7684\u3002 \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u907f\u514d\u90e8\u5206\u6a5f\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u3002 \u8352\u5510\u7684\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u500b\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5718\u968a\u6210\u54e1\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002
\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u65e5\u5e38\u9000\u5f79\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u628a\u6a5f\u5668\u9032\u884c\u66ff\u63db\u6642\uff0c\u738b\u56db@ \u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u7d93\u6b63\u78ba\u57f7\u884c\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c0e\u81f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89f8\u767c\u8a72\u9677\u9631\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5fa9\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c","title":"\u5fa9\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"\u7121\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc","title":"\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc","text":"\u7121\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5beb\u5f97\u7cdf","title":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5beb\u5f97\u7cdf","text":"\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u82b1\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c07\u8b8a\u5f97\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u95b1\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u770b\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5beb\u5f97\u5f88\u721b\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u80cc\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5331\u4e4f","title":"\u80cc\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5331\u4e4f","text":"\u672c\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 \u885b\u661f \u4ee3\u8868\u7528\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u908a\u7de3\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u78c1\u789f\u62b9\u9664 \u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u904b\u884c\u7684\u8173\u672c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u8acb\u984d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868\u300d\u6216\u300c\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u3002
\u4e00\u500b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e05\u695a\u6982\u7d61\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c \u751a\u81f3\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u5ffd\u7565\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u628a\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u76f4\u63a5\u6b78\u96f6\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u95dc\u9375\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u5ffd\u7565","title":"\u95dc\u9375\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u5ffd\u7565","text":"\u5f88\u591a\u6bb5\u843d\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u6982\u89c0\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u72c0\u6cc1\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5f97\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u570d\u662f\u591a\u500b\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u8acb\u660e\u78ba\u7d66\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6578\u503c\u3002 \u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\u662f\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u8acb\u76e1\u91cf\u7d66\u51fa\u500b\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c \u7562\u7adf \u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u534a\u5f91\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u8a55\u4f30\u662f\u5426\u4fee\u5fa9\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\u6839\u56e0\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u9ede\u662f\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7d30\u7bc0\u8b93\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u601d\u8003\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6539\u9032\u9ede\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u5728\u5fa9\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u7de9\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\uff0c \u7136\u800c\u9019\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u7a7a\u767d\u3002
"},{"location":"feedback/site-reliability-workbook/postmortem-culture/#\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\u7684\u8ca7\u4e4f","title":"\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\u7684\u8ca7\u4e4f","text":"\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\uff08Action Items, AIs\uff09\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u9762\u5411\u53bb\u8a55\u65b7\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u58de\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u672a\u4f86\u53c3\u8207\u7dad\u904b\u672c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\u611a\u8822\u3002
\u2014 Dan Milstein\uff0cPost-Mortems at HubSpot: What I Learned From 250 Whys - \u6bcf\u500b\u512a\u5316\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u512a\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u7fa9\u3002
\u5c0d\u5ba2\u6236\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u5f8c\u7e8c\u512a\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u6790\u8aa4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c \u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u70ba\u70ba 0 \u6216 1 \u7684\u6539\u5584\u9805\u76ee\u3002 - \u52c1\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u8b93\u4ed6\u66f4\u597d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u512a\u5316\u300d\u7b49\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u8a72\u512a\u5316\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5ea6\u3002 - \u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u7968\u53bb\u8ffd\u8e64\u76f8\u95dc\u512a\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6539\u5584\u90fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u3002
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\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u60f3\u628a\u9019\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6536\u7a6b\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u91cb\u653e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5230\u786c\u789f\u88e1\uff0c\u8b93\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7a7a\u9593\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/","title":"2022 AI \u56de\u9867","text":"\u4eca\u5929\uff0812/17\uff09\u56de\u9867 2022 \u5e74\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u5f88\u591a AI \u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5099\u53d7\u611f\u52d5\uff01 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c31\u4f86\u76e4\u9ede\u4e00\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u3002
Yahoo!
\u4eca\u5e74\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\uff0cOpenAI \u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 ChatGPT\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u63a8\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u985b\u8986\u4e86\u6211\u5c0d AI \u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u3002 \u5176\u5e36\u7d66\u6211\u7684\u9707\u64bc\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u7576\u521d AlphaGo \u4e0b\u570d\u68cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u6709\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u3002
\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u7684\u8a9e\u610f\uff0c\u7d66\u51fa\u9069\u7576\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u3002
\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5404\u81ea\u624b\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684 NLP\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u8655\u7406\uff09\u4efb\u52d9\u90fd\u6e2c\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u5c0d\u8a71\u72c0\u614b\u8ffd\u8e64\u3001\u56de\u8986\u751f\u6210\u3001\u5c0d\u8a71\u6458\u8981\u3001\u8868\u683c\u554f\u7b54\u3001\u6587\u6a94\u554f\u7b54\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u62bd\u53d6\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8a69\u8a5e\u6b4c\u66f2\u5275\u9020\u3001\u7ffb\u8b6f...\u7b49\u5e7e\u5341\u500b\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c \u6548\u679c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u597d\u3002
...
\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 in-context learning\uff0c\u958b\u7bb1\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u9054\u5230 90%+\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u9054\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5916\u7522\u54c1\u5316\u8ca9\u552e\u3002
\u4f86\u81ea\u6797\u5ef7\u6069\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u7684\u81c9\u66f8
ChatGPT \u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u7db2\u53cb\u5275\u610f\uff08\u8ddf\u6642\u9593\uff09\u7121\u9650\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u672a\u4f86\u80fd\u8b93\u4ed6\u6709\u66f4\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff01 \u53e6\u5916\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c0d\u5167\u90e8\u904b\u4f5c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u674e\u5b8f\u6bc5\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u5f71\u7247
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#stable-diffusion","title":"Stable Diffusion","text":"metaphysic
AI \u7e6a\u5716\u7121\u7591\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u5927\u653e\u7570\u5f69\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f Stable Diffusion\uff0c \u9084\u6709 OpenAI \u7684 DALL-E\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5947\u8019\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5716\u7247\u52d5\u6f2b\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5167\u5728\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u64f4\u6563\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Diffusion Model\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7e6a\u5716\u6709\u6240\u61c9\u7528\u3002 \u50cf\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u8f15\u91cf\u800c\u53c8\u6709\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#alphafold-2","title":"AlphaFold 2","text":"\u9019\u500b\u5176\u5be6\u662f 2020 \u63a8\u51fa\u7684 AI\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u8457\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u64f4\u5145\u4e86\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4e86\u3002
\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u4e26\u4e0d\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7531 21 \u7a2e\u5df2\u77e5\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u662f\u5176\u5efa\u69cb\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6392\u5217\u548c\u7d44\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u3002 \u7136\u800c DeepMind \u7684 AlphaFold 2 \u537b\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u65bc 90% \u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u540d\u4e0d\u5230 60%\uff09\u3002
\u79d1\u6280\u65b0\u5831
\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cAlphaFold \u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f \u9810\u6e2c\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u7684 X \u5c04\u7dda\u3001\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6216\u51b7\u51cd\u96fb\u93e1\u7b49\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u66e0\u6642\u5ee2\u65e5\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6578\u6708\u5230\u6578\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u5728 2022 \u5e74\uff0cAlphaFold \u9810\u6e2c\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6f38\u51cd\u4eba\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea \u6838\u5b54\u8907\u5408\u9ad4 \u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u5617\u8a66\u4e86\u9577\u9054\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u3002
\u79d1\u6280\u65b0\u5831
\u6709\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u69cb\u9020\u9810\u6e2c\u624d\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#fusion","title":"Fusion","text":"\u6838\u878d\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6975\u5ea6\u9ad8\u6eab\u548c\u9ad8\u58d3\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u767c\u751f\u3002 \u8981\u6210\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u96e3\uff0c\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u7dad\u6301\u9019\u500b\u6eab\u5ea6\uff1f
\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7d71\u6eab\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5167\u90e8\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u539f\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u78b0\u649e\u628a\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u52d5\u80fd\uff09\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u539f\u5b50\u7167\u8457\u5713\u5708\uff08tokmok\uff09\u8ff4\u8f49\uff08\u7576\u7136\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7e31\u8ef8\u7684\u529b\u4f86\u964d\u4f4e\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u4ea4\u932f\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c \u8a73\u898b\uff09\u3002
DeepMind \u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e AI \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u96f7\u5c04\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u7cfb\u7d71\u7dad\u6301\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u71b1\u80fd\u3002
\u5728 2022/12\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u9ede\u706b\u8a2d\u65bd\u767c\u8868\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u9054\u6210\u8f38\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u65bc\u8f38\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u3002 \u96d6\u8aaa\u5f88\u591a\u5a92\u9ad4\u5ba3\u7a31\u6838\u878d\u5408\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u4f86\u81e8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u570b\u5bb6\u9ede\u706b\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6838\u878d\u5408\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u6838\u878d\u5408\u767c\u96fb\u5834\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u8655\u7406\u6c1a\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u548c\u9038\u51fa\uff08\u6838\u878d\u5408\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6c18\u548c\u6c1a\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c6c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u9054\u6210\uff09\u3002
2024 \u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u6587\u63a8\u51fa
\u5728 2024 \u5e74 2 \u6708\u6642\uff0c \u76f8\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u53d7\u4e94\u4f4d\u540c\u5115\u5be9\u8996\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u9054\u6210\u300c\u9ede\u706b\u300d\u3002
\u9019\u548c\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u8b1b\u5230\u7684\u6258\u99ac\u514b\uff08tokmok\uff09\u5713\u74b0\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8b93\u96f7\u5c04\u6253\u9032\u947d\u77f3\u5916\u6bbc\u7684\u5c0f\u81a0\u56ca\uff0c \u4e26\u7d00\u9304\u5167\u7206\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u9ede\u706b\u3002
Here\u2019s how scientists reached nuclear fusion \u2018ignition\u2019 for the first time
\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u500b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1a\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u5229\u7528\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u300c\u9ede\u706b\u300d\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4ecd\u7136\u9f13\u821e\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6295\u8cc7\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#cicero","title":"CICERO","text":"Meta \u958b\u767c\u7684 CICERO \u5728\u4e00\u6b3e\u9b25\u667a\u9b25\u5fc3\u6a5f\u7684\u904a\u6232 Diplomacy \u4e2d\u9032\u5165\u524d 10% \u7684\u6392\u540d\u4e2d\u3002
Source from CICERO blog post
\u4e4b\u524d\u770b\u5230\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5f71\u7247\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff01 \u4f46\u662f... \u6211\u61f7\u7591 ChatGPT \u73a9\u5f97\u6703\u6bd4\u4ed6\u597d\u3002
\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u653e\u9032\u9019\u500b AI\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u672a\u4f86 AI \u80fd\u73a9\u661f\u6d77\u6216\u4e16\u7d00\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u61a7\u61ac\u5427\uff01
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#ithaca","title":"Ithaca","text":"DeepMind \u5728\u4e09\u6708\u958b\u767c\u4e86 Ithaca\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u9014\u5728\u5224\u8b80\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002
\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684 25% \u9810\u6e2c\u7387\uff0cIthaca \u9054\u5230\u4e86 62% \u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u3002 \u4f46\u662f Ithaca \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u985e\u3002 \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u548c Ithaca \u4e00\u8d77\u5224\u8b80\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u9054 72% \u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2022-ai/#\u7d50\u8a9e","title":"\u7d50\u8a9e","text":"\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684 Ithaca\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u64d4\u5fc3\u6a5f\u5668\u5c07\u53d6\u4ee3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c \u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u50f9\u503c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u5c31\u50cf\u4eca\u5e74\u82f1\u570b\u958b\u59cb\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9031\u5de5\u4f5c\u56db\u5929\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c \u5982\u679c AI \u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\uff08\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u78ba\u5be6\u5be6\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e86\ud83d\ude02\uff09\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\u9054\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7522\u80fd\uff0c \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc AI\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u6703\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\uff08\u7406\u89e3\u548c\uff09\u61c9\u7528\u5b83\uff1f
"},{"location":"review/2023/","title":"2023 \u56de\u9867","text":"\u5e74\u672b\u4e86\uff0c\u60f3\u5beb\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u56de\u9867\uff0c\u4e3b\u984c\u5927\u81f4\u662f
The best science images of 2023, Nature
\u4f86\u6e90
\u53c3\u7167\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u3001 ScienceNews\u3001 \u660e\u65e5\u79d1\u5b78\u3001 \u516c\u8996 \u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u74b0\u5883","title":"\u74b0\u5883","text":"\u4eca\u5e74\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u74b0\u5883\u3002 2023 \u662f\u6709\u7d00\u9304\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u71b1\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002
Climate heat hottest year record, ScienceNews
\u4eca\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u6bd4 1850 \u5e74\u5230 1900 \u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u9ad8\u51fa \\({1.3}^\\circ C\\)\uff0c \u9664\u4e86\u6210\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u65b0\u9ad8\uff0c \u66f4\u662f\u5373\u5c07\u9054\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684 \\({1.5}^\\circ C\\)\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u7a81\u7834 \\({2}^\\circ C\\)\uff0c \u4e14\u9023\u7e8c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5929\u8d85\u904e \\({1.5}^\\circ C\\)\u3002
Our World in Data
\u9ad8\u6eab\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u706b\u707d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u672c\u5e74\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c \u4e0d\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6c23\u6eb6\u81a0\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u53cd\u5c04\u592a\u967d\u5149\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u6c23\u6eab\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u706b\u707d\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\uff0c \u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6de8\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6c23\u6eb6\u81a0\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u6696\u5316\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u91ce\u706b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c \u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\u68ee\u6797\u780d\u4f10\u5c0e\u81f4\u68ee\u6797\u5730\u5340\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c \u4f46\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u898f\u7bc4\u9810\u671f\u672a\u4f86\u4ecd\u6703\u88ab\u5efa\u7f6e\u3002
Our World in Data
\u6696\u5316\u5c0e\u81f4\u51b0\u7dda\u9000\u7e2e\uff0c\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e5f\u96a8\u8457\u878d\u51b0\u4e0a\u5347\u3002
Charctic Interactive Sea Ice Graph, NSIDC
\u9ad8\u6eab\u52a0\u901f\u96ea\u87f9\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\uff0c \u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u96ea\u87f9\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b \u73ca\u745a\u7901\u56e0\u71b1\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b \u4f4d\u65bc\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u4e7e\u65f1\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u6cb3\u8c5a\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b \u9996\u6b21\u8b49\u660e\u51fa\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u5317\u6975\u718a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff1b \u868a\u5b50\u5f9e\u71b1\u5e36\u5730\u5340\u6f38\u6f38\u9077\u79fb\u5230\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u90e8\u5206\u570b\u5bb6\u9762\u81e8\u524d\u6240\u672a\u898b\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff1b \u6975\u7aef\u6c23\u5019\u5c0e\u81f4 4310 \u842c\u5b69\u7ae5\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\uff1b \u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u537b\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u5c45\u4f4f\u65bc\u5728\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u6642\u98a8\u96aa\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u5340 \uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5730\u5340\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u707d\u5bb3\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002
\u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\uff0c \u4eba\u9ad4\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\u71b1\u3001\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u597d\u9632\u6cbb\u907f\u514d\u71b1\u50b7\u5bb3\uff1b \u4e5f\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0 \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u9032\u5c55\uff0c \u5c55\u793a\u4eba\u985e\u9700\u8981\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u964d\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7d93\u8cbb\u5206\u4f48\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u9032\u5c55\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u898f\u7bc4","title":"\u898f\u7bc4","text":"COP28 \u5728 2023 \u5e74\u5e95\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u7c3d\u8a02\u4e5f\u727d\u52d5\u8457\u4e16\u754c\u672a\u4f86\u8d70\u5411\u3002 \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ad6\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u76f8\u95dc\u5c55\u671b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u8655\u7406\u5851\u81a0\u7684\u9032\u5ea6\u5be6\u5728\u592a\u7de9\u6162\uff0c \u9810\u671f\u65bc 2024 \u7c3d\u8a02\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u8655\u7406\u3001 \u56e0\u61c9\u7da0\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u8abf\u6574\u96fb\u7db2\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08
COP28 \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e5f\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\uff0c \u9ad8\u5ea6\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u9996\u6b21\u9858\u610f\u652f\u4ed8\u91d1\u9322 \u5e6b\u52a9\u56e0\u5176\u78b3\u6392\u800c\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4f4e\u5ea6\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u91d1\u984d\u6709\u9650\u4e14\u300c\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ecd\u7136\u56f0\u96e3\uff1b \u4e5f\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u5230\u964d\u4f4e\u98df\u7269\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8089\u98df\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff1b \u4e5f\u9996\u6b21\u8003\u616e\u7a7a\u8abf\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u3002
\u6838\u96fb\u548c\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad83\u500d\u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7da0\u80fd\u7684\u6210\u9577\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u65bc\u7e3d\u767c\u96fb\u91cf\u7684\u4f54\u6bd4\u4ecd\u4f4e\uff0c \u5e0c\u671b 2030 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u7da0\u80fd\u4f54\u6bd4\u9054\u5230 3 \u6210\u3002
\u5118\u7ba1\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4ecd\u5728\u8349\u64ec\u4e14\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u679c\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u6fb3\u6d32\u4eca\u5e74\u9054\u5230\u8ca0\u96fb\u50f9\u3001 \u4e2d\u570b\u5efa\u69cb\u5168\u570b\u6700\u5927\u55ae\u9ad4\u5149\u4f0f\u6cbb\u6c99\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002
2015 \u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u5354\u5b9a\u4e5f\u9996\u6b21\u65bc\u4eca\u5e74\u91dd\u5c0d\u5404\u570b\u9032\u5c55\u9032\u884c\u76e4\u9ede\uff0c \u4f46\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u537b\u4ecd\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u78b3\u6392\u3002
Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures, CFR
\u96d6\u7136\u6b63\u8996\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u74b0\u4fdd\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u6f2b\u6f2b\u9577\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\u4f86\u7e3d\u7d50\uff1a
\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u6c70\u9664\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6216\u4e0d\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f55\u6642\u3002
\u2014 the science is clear \u2014 fossil fuels must go, Natuer
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The Funniest Wild Animals In Photos, Forbes
\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u95dc\u5fc3\u4e00\u4e0b\u4eca\u5e74\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5427\uff01
The inside of a rat\u2019s eye won the 2023 Nikon Small World photo contest, ScienceNews
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u3002
\u7d93\u904e60\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b \u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u7f55\u898b\u4e14\u300c\u6703\u4e0b\u86cb\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u300d\uff0c \u660e\u65e5\u79d1\u5b78
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4fdd\u80b2\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6a5f\u5236\u3002
\u91ab\u5b78\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u734e\u9805\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u660e\u6216\u7a81\u7834\u3002
\u524d\u9762\u5217\u8209\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c08\u696d\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u7cbe\u9078\uff0c \u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6e1b\u80a5\u85e5\u7269 GPL-1\u3002 ScienceNews \u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6e1b\u80a5\u85e5\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u76db\u884c\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u6578\u4f4d","title":"\u6578\u4f4d","text":"ChatGPT and science: the AI system was a force in 2023 \u2014 for good and bad, Nature
Nature \u9996\u5ea6\u628a\u975e\u4eba\u5217\u9032\u5e74\u5ea6\u5341\u5927\u512a\u79c0\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c \u9019\u500b\u975e\u4eba\u5c31\u662f ChatGPT\u3002 \u4e26\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e94\u500b\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u7528\u7684 AI \u5de5\u5177\uff1a
\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u6c3e\u6feb\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u4eca\u5e74\u8ad6\u6587\u88ab\u9000\u7a3f\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u842c\u4ef6\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u6b77\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d AI \u5de5\u5177\u7684\u96b1\u6182\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u4eca\u5e74\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u6703\u8cea\u8a62\u7684 OpenAI \u57f7\u884c\u9577\u3001 \u6b50\u76df\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u7f6e\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u7bc4\u548c \u4e00\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7db2\uff0c \u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u5c08\u5bb6\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 Meta \u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c \u800c\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5206\u88c2\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002
\u9019\u53c8\u6703\u5e36\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0cAI \u6709\u610f\u8b58\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u6703\u812b\u96e2\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u55ce\uff1f \u9577\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u547d\u984c\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u5217\u51fa\u6e05\u55ae\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u6307\u6a19\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002
ChatGPT \u5e36\u4f86\u7684 AI \u6f6e\u6d41\u6b63\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4e16\u754c\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u8da8\u7de9\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u7c21\u55ae\u63d0\u5e7e\u500b\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u771f\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u51b0\u5c71\u4e00\u89d2\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u9ad8\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9ad8\u8017\u96fb\u9ad8\u78b3\u8db3\u8de1\uff0c \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u6c34\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8017\u6750\uff0c \u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u628a\u5546\u696d\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e1f\u5165\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002
AI \u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002 \u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5 AI \u767c\u5c55\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c \u5916\u570b\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u9ad8\u7d1a\u8d85\u5546\u64a4\u9664\u6548\u7387\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u7d50\u5e33\u529f\u80fd\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u901a\u8a0a\u6c7d\u8eca\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba","title":"\u901a\u8a0a\u3001\u6c7d\u8eca\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba","text":"\u6210\u719f\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u767c\u9054\u7684\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u3002
\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6975\u5ba2\u516c\u5712\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7522\u54c1\uff0c \u611b\u8303\u5152\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u91dd\u5c0d\u6c7d\u8eca\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b\u3002
\u9019\u4e9b\u7121\u8072\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u584a\u4e00\u584a\u7a4d\u6728\uff0c\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c \u9010\u6f38\u5806\u9ad8\u5230\u8b93\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u5427\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u79d1\u6280","title":"\u79d1\u6280","text":"India\u2019s Moon mission: four things Chandrayaan-3 has taught scientists
ScienceNews \u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u6458\u8981 \u548c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5341\u5927\u9752\u5e74\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c \u7576\u7136\u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u7cbe\u9078\uff0c \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eca\u5e74\u91cd\u8981\u6216\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\u3002
\u5370\u5ea6\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5165\u6708\u7403\u5357\u6975 \uff08ScienceNews\u3001 Nature\uff09\uff0c \u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u628a\u4e0b\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u8a02\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u592a\u967d\u3002
\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u6708\u7403\u7684\u6c27\u548c\u786b\uff0c \u8a72\u63a2\u7d22\u4efb\u52d9\u4e5f\u5728\u62b5\u9054\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52d9\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u4f11\u7720\u671f\uff0c \u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\u7684\u6708\u7403\u4efb\u52d9\u5c07\u4e4b\u5e36\u56de\u3002
\u65e9\u5728 1969 \u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c31\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u4e0a\u6708\u7403\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u985e\u63a2\u7d22\u6708\u7403\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u7de9\u6162\u5462\uff1f \u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u63a2\u7d22\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u5931\u6557\u7387\u9ad8\u9054 50%\uff0c \u5728\u6295\u8cc7\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98a8\u96aa\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u5f88\u591a\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u4e5f\u4fe1\u8a93\u65e6\u65e6\u5730\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u65e5\u672c\u9084\u4ee5\u73a9\u5177\u70ba\u767c\u60f3 \uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u651d\u5f71\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u3002
\u65e5\u672c\u592a\u7a7a\u8239\u5df2\u7d93\u8457\u9678
\u65bc 2024 \u5e74\u8457\u9678\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8dcc\u5012\u4e86\ud83d\ude02
Japan\u2019s successful Moon landing was the most precise ever
The Year\u2019s Most Spectacular Photos from the James Webb Telescope, Time
\u96a8\u8457\u53bb\u5e74\u5049\u4f2f\u671b\u9060\u93e1\uff08\u7167\u7247\u96c6\uff09\u7684\u767c\u9001\uff0c \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u731c\u6e2c\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u6e96\uff0c \u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u4e86\uff0c \u4e2d\u570b\u4e5f\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u555f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5929\u6587\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u5929\u773c\uff0c \u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u592a\u967d\u5c04\u96fb\u6210\u50cf\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3002
These incredible images are the first from dark-energy telescope Euclid, Nature
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b87\u5b99\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u548c\u767c\u73fe\uff1a
\u5361\u6b7b\u7684\u87ba\u7d72\u5df2\u7d93\u89e3\u958b
\u5df2\u7d93\u65bc 2024 2\u6708\u89e3\u958b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u53d6\u5f97\u88e1\u9762 121.6 \u514b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u7d04 60 \u514b\u5728\u5148\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u5012\u51fa\uff09\u3002
NASA\u2019s OSIRIS-REx nabbed over 120 grams of space rocks from asteroid Bennu
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u91cf\u5b50","title":"\u91cf\u5b50","text":"Nobel Prize in Physics 2023
\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u65b9\u5411\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u8853\u7121\u7591\u662f\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\uff0c \u4e14\u5927\u5b78\u6b63\u9010\u6f38\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u624d\u532f\u5165\u5230\u4f01\u696d\u4e2d\u3002
\u4e00\u500b\u6280\u8853\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9650\u7e2e\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u3002
\u2014 \u65bc IBM \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6 Olivia Lanes
\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u8853\u90fd\u662f\u7de9\u6162\u800c\u5805\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u6642\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u96a8\u8457\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7206\u767c\u5f0f\u767c\u73fe\uff08\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c \u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u56f0\u96e3\u3002 \u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u65b0\u805e\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u591a\u5167\u5bb9\u770b\u5f97\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u61c2\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u76e1\u91cf\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u6216\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u56f0\u96e3\u8207\u52d9\u5be6\u4e2d\u9593\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002
\u7da0\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u770b\u8457\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u8457\u5be6\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u52d5\u3002
\u80fd\u6e90\u958b\u767c\u76f8\u95dc\uff1a
\u90fd\u5e02\u8a2d\u8a08\u76f8\u95dc\uff1a
Israel-Hamas War: Timeline and key developments
\u9019\u6bb5\u843d\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5217\u51fa\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u6539\u8b8a\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u6700\u5f8c\u8ac7\u4e00\u4e0b\u958b\u6e90\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u52d5\u76ea\u3002 RedHat \u7684\u9589\u6e90\u653f\u7b56\uff0c \u8b93\u4ee5\u524d\u8f9b\u82e6\u8ca2\u737b\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\u611f\u5230\u88ab\u80cc\u53db\u3002
\u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\uff1a \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6709\u7528\uff1b \u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u5229\u7528\u514d\u8cbb\u5ba2\u6236\u4f86\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4ed8\u8cbb\u5ba2\u6236\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u4ed8\u8cbb\u5ba2\uff0c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u5229\u76ca\u3002
\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002
\u2014 I'm Done RedHat Enterprise Linux
\u4e0d\u53ea\u5982\u6b64 HashiCorp \u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c \u628a\u65d7\u4e0b\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u5408\u7d04\u8f49\u6210\u8f03\u70ba\u9589\u6e90\u7684\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u6709\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u6563\u4f48\u5176\u8edf\u9ad4\u5230\u96f2\u7aef\u8cfa\u9322\u3002 \u962e\u4e00\u5cf0\u900f\u904e ElasticSearch \u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c \u63d0\u51fa\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u63a8\u51fa\u4f01\u696d\u7248\u672c\uff0c \u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u8cfa\u9322\u3002
\u4e0d\u904e\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u516c\u958b Google \u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u95e1\u8ff0\u958b\u6e90\u793e\u7fa4\u624d\u662f AI \u7684\u89e3\u65b9\uff0c \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u64f4\u589e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4eba\u6578\u3002 \u793e\u7fa4\u4e0a\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8d8a\u80fd\u7fd2\u6163\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u4e0a\u5236\u5b9a\u5229\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u3002
"},{"location":"review/2023/#\u8a00\u8ad6","title":"\u8a00\u8ad6","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u89ba\u5f97\u611f\u52d5\u6216\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u653e\u54ea\u88e1\u7684\u5408\u96c6\u3002
\u7e3d\u7d50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c2023 \u5e74\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u71b1\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u4eba\u5011\u6b63\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u7cfe\u6b63\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5171\u696d\u3002 \u751f\u7269\u4e0a\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u71b1\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u6578\u4f4d\u7684\u7576\u7d05\u8b70\u984c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u662f AGI \u548c\u900f\u904e\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u79d1\u6280\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8e8d\u4e0a\u570b\u969b\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u767b\u4e0a\u6708\u7403\u5357\u6975\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\u8ac7\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u9019\u7bc7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u5e74\u4f86\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c \u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5167\u5bb9\u5f88\u96dc\u4e82\uff0c\u6703\u9700\u8981\u518d\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u77e5\u3002 Martin Kleppmann \u7684 2023 year in review\uff0c \u6211\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u932f\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u8ac7\u8ac7\u81ea\u5df1\u63a8\u5ee3\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u969b\u9047\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u53c8\u4e0d\u592a\u60f3\u628a\u79c1\u751f\u6d3b\u516c\u8af8\u65bc\u4e16\u3002
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5009\u5132\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u7db2\u4e0a\u7684 2023 \u56de\u9867\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u66f4\u597d\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
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