diff --git a/app/controllers/ticket_requests_controller.rb b/app/controllers/ticket_requests_controller.rb
index 400f5ad1..e07118ae 100644
--- a/app/controllers/ticket_requests_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/ticket_requests_controller.rb
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ def revert_to_pending
   def refund
     if @ticket_request.refund
       redirect_to event_ticket_request_path(@event, @ticket_request),
-                  notice: 'Ticket request was refunded'
+                  notice: 'Ticket payment was refunded'
     else
       redirect_to event_ticket_request_path(@event, @ticket_request),
                   alert: @ticket_request.errors.full_messages.join('. ')
diff --git a/app/models/payment.rb b/app/models/payment.rb
index b7a0b148..d188ab78 100644
--- a/app/models/payment.rb
+++ b/app/models/payment.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #  updated_at        :datetime
 #  stripe_charge_id  :string(255)
 #  stripe_payment_id :string
+#  stripe_refund_id  :string
 #  ticket_request_id :integer          not null
 #
 # Indexes
@@ -27,13 +28,15 @@ class Payment < ApplicationRecord
   STATUSES = [
     STATUS_NEW         = 'N',
     STATUS_IN_PROGRESS = 'P',
-    STATUS_RECEIVED    = 'R'
+    STATUS_RECEIVED    = 'R',
+    STATUS_REFUNDED    = 'F' # canceled, refunded
   ].freeze
 
   STATUS_NAMES = {
     'N' => 'New',
     'P' => 'In Progress',
-    'R' => 'Received'
+    'R' => 'Received',
+    'F' => 'Refunded'
   }.freeze
 
   belongs_to :ticket_request
@@ -47,7 +50,8 @@ class Payment < ApplicationRecord
   validates :ticket_request, uniqueness: { message: 'ticket request has already been paid' }
   validates :status, presence: true, inclusion: { in: STATUSES }
 
-  attr_accessor :payment_intent
+  # stripe payment objects
+  attr_accessor :payment_intent, :refund
 
   # Create new Payment
   # Create Stripe PaymentIntent
@@ -148,6 +152,34 @@ def retrieve_payment_intent
     Rails.logger.debug { "retrieve_payment_intent payment => #{inspect}}" }
   end
 
+  # https://docs.stripe.com/api/refunds
+  # reasons duplicate, fraudulent, or requested_by_customer
+  def refund_payment(reason: 'requested_by_customer')
+    return false unless received?
+
+    begin
+      Rails.logger.info "refund_payment: #{id} stripe_payment_id: #{stripe_payment_id} status: #{status}"
+      self.refund = Stripe::Refund.create({ payment_intent: stripe_payment_id,
+                                            reason:,
+                                            metadata:       { event_id:               ticket_request.event.id,
+                                                              event_name:             ticket_request.event.name,
+                                                              ticket_request_id:      ticket_request.id,
+                                                              ticket_request_user_id: ticket_request.user_id } })
+      self.stripe_refund_id = refund.id
+      self.status = STATUS_REFUNDED
+      Rails.logger.info { "refund_payment success stripe_refund_id [#{stripe_refund_id}] status [#{status}]" }
+      log_refund(refund)
+      save!
+    rescue Stripe::StripeError => e
+      Rails.logger.error { "refund_payment Stripe::Refund.create failed [#{stripe_payment_id}]: #{e}" }
+      errors.add :base, e.message
+      false
+    rescue StandardError => e
+      Rails.logger.error("#{e.class.name} ERROR during a refund: #{e.message.colorize(:red)}")
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
   def payment_in_progress?
     payment_intent.present? && status == STATUS_IN_PROGRESS
   end
@@ -167,16 +199,31 @@ def in_progress?
     status == STATUS_IN_PROGRESS
   end
 
+  def stripe_payment?
+    stripe_payment_id.present?
+  end
+
   def received?
-    status == STATUS_RECEIVED
+    stripe_payment? && status == STATUS_RECEIVED
   end
 
-  def stripe_payment?
-    stripe_payment_id.present?
+  def refunded?
+    status == STATUS_REFUNDED && stripe_refund_id.present?
+  end
+
+  def refundable?
+    received? && !refunded?
   end
 
   private
 
+  def log_payment
+    Rails.logger.info "Payment => id: #{id.colorize(:yellow)}, " \
+                      "status: #{status.colorize(:green)}, " \
+                      "user: #{ticket_request.user.email.colorize(:blue)}, " \
+                      "amount: #{intent_amount}"
+  end
+
   def log_intent(payment_intent)
     intent_amount = '$%.2f'.colorize(:red) % (payment_intent['amount'].to_i / 100.0)
     Rails.logger.info "Payment Intent => id: #{payment_intent['id'].colorize(:yellow)}, " \
@@ -185,6 +232,14 @@ def log_intent(payment_intent)
                       "amount: #{intent_amount}"
   end
 
+  def log_refund(refund)
+    refund_amount = '$%.2f'.colorize(:red) % (refund['amount'].to_i / 100.0)
+    Rails.logger.info "Refund => id: #{refund['id'].colorize(:yellow)}, " \
+                      "status: #{refund['status'].colorize(:green)}, " \
+                      "for user: #{ticket_request.user.email.colorize(:blue)}, " \
+                      "amount: #{refund_amount}"
+  end
+
   def modifying_forbidden_attributes?(attributed)
     # Only allow donation field to be updated
     attributed.any? do |attribute, _value|
diff --git a/app/models/ticket_request.rb b/app/models/ticket_request.rb
index 4f704698..afb3203c 100644
--- a/app/models/ticket_request.rb
+++ b/app/models/ticket_request.rb
@@ -253,8 +253,12 @@ def refunded?
     status == STATUS_REFUNDED
   end
 
+  def mark_refunded
+    update status: STATUS_REFUNDED
+  end
+
   def payment_received?
-    payment.try(:stripe_payment_id) && payment.received?
+    payment&.received?
   end
 
   # not able to purchase tickets in this state
@@ -270,23 +274,19 @@ def refund
     if refunded?
       errors.add(:base, 'Cannot refund a ticket that has already been refunded')
       return false
+    elsif !completed? || !payment&.refundable?
+      errors.add(:base, 'Cannot refund a ticket that has not been purchased')
+      return false
     end
 
-    return if payment&.received?
-
-    errors.add(:base, 'Cannot refund a ticket that has not been purchased')
-    false
-
-    # XXX need to build refund. Put into Payment model
-    # begin
-    #   TicketRequest.transaction do
-    #     Stripe::Charge.retrieve(payment.stripe_charge_id).refund
-    #     return update(status: STATUS_REFUNDED)
-    #   end
-    # rescue Stripe::StripeError => e
-    #   errors.add(:base, "Cannot refund ticket: #{e.message}")
-    #   false
-    # end
+    # issue refund for payment
+    Rails.logger.info { "ticket_request [#{id}] payment [#{payment.id}] refunding [#{payment.stripe_payment_id}]" }
+    if payment.refund_payment
+      mark_refunded
+    else
+      Rails.logger.error { "ticket_request failed to refund [#{payment.stripe_payment_id}] #{errors&.error_messages&.join('; ')}" }
+      false
+    end
   end
 
   def price
diff --git a/app/views/ticket_requests/_table_ticket_requests.html.haml b/app/views/ticket_requests/_table_ticket_requests.html.haml
index 02a6fb89..12a152f5 100644
--- a/app/views/ticket_requests/_table_ticket_requests.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/ticket_requests/_table_ticket_requests.html.haml
@@ -122,3 +122,12 @@
                     class: 'btn btn-primary btn-sm ' do
                     Mark as Received
                     %i.icon-ok
+
+              - elsif ticket_request.payment_received? && !ticket_request.refunded?
+                .btn-group.pull-right
+                  = button_to refund_event_ticket_request_path(event, ticket_request),
+                    method: :post,
+                    class: 'btn btn-danger btn-sm text-nowrap',
+                    data: { confirm: "Are you sure you want to refund #{ticket_request.user.name}'s payment?'" } do
+                    ↩︎ Refund
+
diff --git a/app/views/ticket_requests/_ticket_request_show.html.haml b/app/views/ticket_requests/_ticket_request_show.html.haml
index 748dbc67..4a74f2c0 100644
--- a/app/views/ticket_requests/_ticket_request_show.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/ticket_requests/_ticket_request_show.html.haml
@@ -40,14 +40,7 @@
           %span.bg-success Refunded
         - else
           .text-success
-            = link_to 'Received', event_ticket_request_payment_path(payment, ticket_request)
-
-          - if event.admin?(current_user)
-            = link_to 'Refund', refund_event_ticket_request_path(event, ticket_request),
-                  method: :post,
-                  class: 'btn btn-sm btn-danger',
-                  data: { confirm: "Are you sure you want to refund #{ticket_request.user.name}'s ticket? This cannot be undone!",
-                          disable_with: 'Refunding...' }
+            = link_to 'Received', event_ticket_request_payment_path(event, payment, ticket_request)
       - elsif ticket_request.free?
         .text-success
           Free
diff --git a/db/migrate/20240523173316_add_stripe_refund_id_to_payments.rb b/db/migrate/20240523173316_add_stripe_refund_id_to_payments.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..92485195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20240523173316_add_stripe_refund_id_to_payments.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class AddStripeRefundIdToPayments < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.1]
+  def change
+    add_column :payments, :stripe_refund_id, :string
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/structure.sql b/db/structure.sql
index e9a5c4c6..4ee097d1 100644
--- a/db/structure.sql
+++ b/db/structure.sql
@@ -190,7 +190,8 @@ CREATE TABLE public.payments (
     created_at timestamp without time zone,
     updated_at timestamp without time zone,
     explanation character varying(255),
-    stripe_payment_id character varying
+    stripe_payment_id character varying,
+    stripe_refund_id character varying
 );
 
 
@@ -712,6 +713,7 @@ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_schema_migrations ON public.schema_migrations USING b
 SET search_path TO "$user", public;
 
 INSERT INTO "schema_migrations" (version) VALUES
+('20240523173316'),
 ('20240516225937'),
 ('20240513035005'),
 ('20240509025037'),
diff --git a/spec/models/payment_spec.rb b/spec/models/payment_spec.rb
index 6e0b04d0..64fc080b 100644
--- a/spec/models/payment_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/payment_spec.rb
@@ -131,12 +131,73 @@
       before { payment.save_with_payment_intent }
 
       it 'does not chanmge stripe payment id when it exists' do
-        expect {  payment_intent }.not_to(change(payment, :stripe_payment_id))
+        expect { payment_intent }.not_to(change(payment, :stripe_payment_id))
       end
 
       it 'does not change payment intent' do
-        expect {  payment_intent }.not_to(change(payment, :payment_intent))
+        expect { payment_intent }.not_to(change(payment, :payment_intent))
       end
     end
   end
+
+  describe 'refunds' do
+    describe '#stripe_payment?' do
+      subject { payment.stripe_payment? }
+
+      let(:payment) { build(:payment) }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_truthy }
+    end
+
+    describe '#refunded?' do
+      subject { payment.refunded? }
+
+      let(:payment) { build(:payment, status: Payment::STATUS_REFUNDED, stripe_refund_id: 'refundId') }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_truthy }
+
+      context 'when payment not refunded' do
+        let(:payment) { build(:payment, status: Payment::STATUS_RECEIVED) }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_falsey }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#refundable?' do
+      subject { payment.refundable? }
+
+      let(:payment) { build(:payment, status: Payment::STATUS_RECEIVED, stripe_refund_id: nil) }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_truthy }
+
+      context 'when payment already refunded' do
+        let(:payment) { build(:payment, status: Payment::STATUS_REFUNDED, stripe_refund_id: 'refundId') }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_falsey }
+      end
+
+      context 'when payment is nil' do
+        let(:payment) { nil }
+
+        it 'returns false when payment is nil' do
+          expect(payment&.refundable?).to be_falsey
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # describe '#refund_payment' do
+    #   subject { payment.refund_payment }
+    #
+    #   before { payment.save_with_payment_intent }
+    #
+    #   let(:amount) { 1000 }
+    #   let(:payment) { build(:payment) }
+    #
+    #   context 'when payment received' do
+    #     before { payment.mark_received }
+    #
+    #     it { is_expected.to be_truthy }
+    #   end
+    # end
+  end
 end