implement sparse fieldsets (#86)

* implement sparse fieldsets

* make hash conversions work with Ruby 1.9.x

* remove ruby-head and add 2.3.1 to run specs with on Travis

* post-review fixes

* allow also to pass specific fields as array instead of comma-separates values

* add docs

* Readme post-review fixes

Author: Azdaroth

.travis.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ rvm:
   - 1.9.3
   - 2.1.1
   - 2.2.2
-  - ruby-head
+  - 2.3.1
 before_install:
   - gem install bundler
 script: bundle exec rspec

README.md

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ This library is up-to-date with the finalized v1 JSON API spec.
   * [Root jsonapi object](#root-jsonapi-object)
   * [Explicit serializer discovery](#explicit-serializer-discovery)
   * [Namespace serializers](#namespace-serializers)
+  * [Sparse fieldsets](#sparse-fieldsets)
 * [Relationships](#relationships)
   * [Compound documents and includes](#compound-documents-and-includes)
   * [Relationship path handling](#relationship-path-handling)
@@ -416,6 +417,62 @@ JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, namespace: Api::V2)
 
 This option overrides the `jsonapi_serializer_class_name` method.
 
+### Sparse fieldsets
+
+The JSON:API spec allows to return only [specific fields](http://jsonapi.org/format/#fetching-sparse-fieldsets).
+
+For example, if you wanted to return only `title` and `author` fields for `posts` type and `name` field for `users` type, you could write the following code:
+
+```ruby
+fields = {posts: 'title,author', users: 'name'}
+JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: fields, include: 'author')
+```
+
+Returns:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "type": "posts",
+    "id": "1",
+    "attributes": {
+      "title": "Title for Post 1"
+    },
+   "links": {
+      "self": "/posts/1"
+    },
+    "relationships": {
+      "author": {
+        "links": {
+          "self": "/posts/1/relationships/author",
+          "related": "/posts/1/author"
+        },
+        "data": { "type": "users", "id": "3" }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+ "included": [
+    {
+      "type": "users",
+      "id": "3",
+      "attributes": {
+        "name": "User #3"
+      },
+      "links": {
+        "self": "/users/3"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+You could also pass an array of specific fields for given type instead of comma-separated values:
+
+``` ruby
+fields = {posts: ['title', 'author'], users: ['name']}
+JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: fields, include: 'author')
+```
+
 ## Relationships
 
 You can easily specify relationships with the `has_one` and `has_many` directives.
@@ -783,7 +840,6 @@ See [Releases](https://github.com/fotinakis/jsonapi-serializers/releases).
 
 ## Unfinished business
 
-* Support for the `fields` spec is planned, would love a PR contribution for this.
 * Support for pagination/sorting is unlikely to be supported because it would likely involve coupling to ActiveRecord, but please open an issue if you have ideas of how to support this generically.
 
 ## Contributing

lib/jsonapi-serializers/serializer.rb

@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ module InstanceMethods
       attr_accessor :object
       attr_accessor :context
       attr_accessor :base_url
+      attr_accessor :fields
 
       def initialize(object, options = {})
         @object = object
         @options = options
         @context = options[:context] || {}
         @base_url = options[:base_url]
+        @fields = options[:fields] || {}
 
         # Internal serializer options, not exposed through attr_accessor. No touchie.
         @_include_linkages = options[:include_linkages] || []
@@ -164,8 +166,7 @@ def relationships
       def attributes
         return {} if self.class.attributes_map.nil?
         attributes = {}
-        self.class.attributes_map.each do |attribute_name, attr_data|
-          next if !should_include_attr?(attr_data[:options][:if], attr_data[:options][:unless])
+        self.class.attributes_map.select(&should_include_attr_proc).each do |attribute_name, attr_data|
           value = evaluate_attr_or_block(attribute_name, attr_data[:attr_or_block])
           attributes[format_name(attribute_name)] = value
         end
@@ -175,8 +176,7 @@ def attributes
       def has_one_relationships
         return {} if self.class.to_one_associations.nil?
         data = {}
-        self.class.to_one_associations.each do |attribute_name, attr_data|
-          next if !should_include_attr?(attr_data[:options][:if], attr_data[:options][:unless])
+        self.class.to_one_associations.select(&should_include_attr_proc).each do |attribute_name, attr_data|
           data[attribute_name] = attr_data
         end
         data
@@ -189,8 +189,7 @@ def has_one_relationship(attribute_name, attr_data)
       def has_many_relationships
         return {} if self.class.to_many_associations.nil?
         data = {}
-        self.class.to_many_associations.each do |attribute_name, attr_data|
-          next if !should_include_attr?(attr_data[:options][:if], attr_data[:options][:unless])
+        self.class.to_many_associations.select(&should_include_attr_proc).each do |attribute_name, attr_data|
           data[attribute_name] = attr_data
         end
         data
@@ -200,15 +199,23 @@ def has_many_relationship(attribute_name, attr_data)
         evaluate_attr_or_block(attribute_name, attr_data[:attr_or_block])
       end
 
-      def should_include_attr?(if_method_name, unless_method_name)
+      def should_include_attr?(attribute_name, if_method_name, unless_method_name)
         # Allow "if: :show_title?" and "unless: :hide_title?" attribute options.
         show_attr = true
         show_attr &&= send(if_method_name) if if_method_name
         show_attr &&= !send(unless_method_name) if unless_method_name
+        show_attr &&= @fields[type].include?(attribute_name) if @fields[type]
         show_attr
       end
       protected :should_include_attr?
 
+      def should_include_attr_proc
+        lambda do |attribute_name, attr_data|
+          should_include_attr?(attribute_name, attr_data[:options][:if], attr_data[:options][:unless])
+        end
+      end
+      private :should_include_attr_proc
+
       def evaluate_attr_or_block(attribute_name, attr_or_block)
         if attr_or_block.is_a?(Proc)
           # A custom block was given, call it to get the value.
@@ -252,6 +259,7 @@ def self.serialize(objects, options = {})
       options[:jsonapi] = options.delete('jsonapi') || options[:jsonapi]
       options[:meta] = options.delete('meta') || options[:meta]
       options[:links] = options.delete('links') || options[:links]
+      options[:fields] = options.delete('fields') || options[:fields]
 
       # Deprecated: use serialize_errors method instead
       options[:errors] = options.delete('errors') || options[:errors]
@@ -260,12 +268,28 @@ def self.serialize(objects, options = {})
       includes = options[:include]
       includes = (includes.is_a?(String) ? includes.split(',') : includes).uniq if includes
 
+      fields = options[:fields] || {}
+      # Transforms input so that the comma-separated fields are separate symbols in array
+      # and keys are stringified
+      # Example:
+      # {posts: 'title,author,long_comments'} => {'posts' => [:title, :author, :long_comments]}
+      # {posts: ['title', 'author', 'long_comments'} => {'posts' => [:title, :author, :long_comments]}
+      #
+      fields = Hash[fields.map do |type, whitelisted_fields|
+        if whitelisted_fields.respond_to?(:to_ary)
+          [type.to_s, whitelisted_fields.map(&:to_sym)]
+        else
+          [type.to_s, whitelisted_fields.split(",").map(&:to_sym)]
+        end
+      end]
+
       # An internal-only structure that is passed through serializers as they are created.
       passthrough_options = {
         context: options[:context],
         serializer: options[:serializer],
         namespace: options[:namespace],
         include: includes,
+        fields: fields,
         base_url: options[:base_url]
       }
 
@@ -328,6 +352,7 @@ def self.serialize(objects, options = {})
           included_passthrough_options = {}
           included_passthrough_options[:base_url] = passthrough_options[:base_url]
           included_passthrough_options[:context] = passthrough_options[:context]
+          included_passthrough_options[:fields] = passthrough_options[:fields]
           included_passthrough_options[:serializer] = find_serializer_class(data[:object], options)
           included_passthrough_options[:namespace] = passthrough_options[:namespace]
           included_passthrough_options[:include_linkages] = data[:include_linkages]

spec/serializer_spec.rb

@@ -854,6 +854,125 @@ def read_attribute_for_validation(attr)
         })
       end
     end
+
+    context 'sparse fieldsets' do
+      it 'allows to limit fields(attributes) for serialized resource' do
+        first_user = create(:user)
+        second_user = create(:user)
+        first_comment = create(:long_comment, user: first_user)
+        second_comment = create(:long_comment, user: second_user)
+        long_comments = [first_comment, second_comment]
+        post = create(:post, :with_author, long_comments: long_comments)
+
+        serialized_data = JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: {posts: 'title'})
+        expect(serialized_data).to eq ({
+          'data' => {
+            'type' => 'posts',
+            'id' => post.id.to_s,
+            'attributes' => {
+              'title' => post.title,
+            },
+            'links' => {
+              'self' => '/posts/1'
+            }
+          }
+        })
+      end
+
+      it 'allows to limit fields(relationships) for serialized resource' do
+        first_user = create(:user)
+        second_user = create(:user)
+        first_comment = create(:long_comment, user: first_user)
+        second_comment = create(:long_comment, user: second_user)
+        long_comments = [first_comment, second_comment]
+        post = create(:post, :with_author, long_comments: long_comments)
+
+        serialized_data = JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: {posts: 'title,author,long_comments'})
+        expect(serialized_data['data']['relationships']).to eq ({
+          'author' => {
+            'links' => {
+              'self' => '/posts/1/relationships/author',
+              'related' => '/posts/1/author'
+            }
+          },
+          'long-comments' => {
+            'links' => {
+              'self' => '/posts/1/relationships/long-comments',
+              'related' => '/posts/1/long-comments'
+            }
+          }
+        })
+      end
+
+      it "allows also to pass specific fields as array instead of comma-separates values" do
+        first_user = create(:user)
+        second_user = create(:user)
+        first_comment = create(:long_comment, user: first_user)
+        second_comment = create(:long_comment, user: second_user)
+        long_comments = [first_comment, second_comment]
+        post = create(:post, :with_author, long_comments: long_comments)
+
+        serialized_data = JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: {posts: ['title', 'author']})
+        expect(serialized_data['data']['attributes']).to eq ({
+          'title' => post.title
+        })
+        expect(serialized_data['data']['relationships']).to eq ({
+          'author' => {
+            'links' => {
+              'self' => '/posts/1/relationships/author',
+              'related' => '/posts/1/author'
+            }
+          }
+        })
+      end
+
+      it 'allows to limit fields(attributes and relationships) for included resources' do
+        first_user = create(:user)
+        second_user = create(:user)
+        first_comment = create(:long_comment, user: first_user)
+        second_comment = create(:long_comment, user: second_user)
+        long_comments = [first_comment, second_comment]
+        post = create(:post, :with_author, long_comments: long_comments)
+
+        expected_primary_data = serialize_primary(post, {
+          serializer: MyApp::PostSerializer,
+          include_linkages: ['author'],
+          fields: { 'posts' => [:title, :author] }
+        })
+
+        serialized_data = JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: {posts: 'title,author', users: ''}, include: 'author')
+        expect(serialized_data).to eq ({
+          'data' => expected_primary_data,
+          'included' => [
+            serialize_primary(post.author, serializer: MyAppOtherNamespace::UserSerializer, fields: { 'users' => [] })
+          ]
+        })
+
+        serialized_data = JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: {posts: 'title,author'}, include: 'author')
+        expect(serialized_data).to eq ({
+          'data' => expected_primary_data,
+          'included' => [
+            serialize_primary(post.author, serializer: MyAppOtherNamespace::UserSerializer)
+          ]
+        })
+
+        serialized_data = JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: {posts: 'title,author', users: 'nonexistent'}, include: 'author')
+        expect(serialized_data).to eq ({
+          'data' => expected_primary_data,
+          'included' => [
+            serialize_primary(post.author, serializer: MyAppOtherNamespace::UserSerializer, fields: { 'users' => [:nonexistent] })
+          ]
+        })
+
+        serialized_data = JSONAPI::Serializer.serialize(post, fields: {posts: 'title,author', users: 'name'}, include: 'author')
+        expect(serialized_data).to eq ({
+          'data' => expected_primary_data,
+          'included' => [
+            serialize_primary(post.author, serializer: MyAppOtherNamespace::UserSerializer, fields: { 'users' => [:name] })
+          ]
+        })
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe 'serialize (class method)' do