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ack

Text finder: ack <pattern> [<file|dir>...]

Matching

ack PATTERN or ack --match PATTERN. Exclude potentially matching lines with --not PATTERN.

# find occurences of foo, unless:
#  - immediately followed by 'bar', '_bar', or '-bar'
#  - the line starts with 'import '
ack --not 'foo[-_]?bar' --not '^import ' --match foo

Context

  • After: -A <n>, --after-context=<n>
  • Before: -B <n>, --before-context=<n>
  • Both: -C <n>, --context=<n>

Filename matching

To ignore certain directory names: --ignore-dir <name>. Example:

ack --ignore-dir docs --match example

To ignore files: --ignore-file <filter>:<args>. Examples:

# ignore exact filename
ack --ignore-file is:README.md …

# ignore file extensions (case insensitive)
ack --ignore-file ext:md,rst,txt …

# ignore file pattern (case insensitive)
ack --ignore-file match:readme(.(md|rst|txt))? …

To ignore files based on first line (e.g. hash-bang, case insensitive)
ack --ignore-file firstlinematch:/bash/ example

To only include certain file types:

ack -t python …

Define custom types to only include certain files:

# only search files named *foo*.txt
ack --type-set='footype:match:.*foo.*\.txt' -t footype <pattern>

Output

  • Only list matching files: -l
  • Only list non-matching files: -L

Encoding

With iconv

ack $(echo "[æøå]+" | iconv -f utf-8 -t latin1) | iconv -f latin1 -t utf-8