diff --git a/core/test/mpi/distributed/CMakeLists.txt b/core/test/mpi/distributed/CMakeLists.txt
index 8cff893408a..c49a2a123d0 100644
--- a/core/test/mpi/distributed/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/core/test/mpi/distributed/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ginkgo_create_test(helpers MPI_SIZE 1)
 ginkgo_create_test(matrix MPI_SIZE 1)
+ginkgo_create_test(neighborhood_communicator MPI_SIZE 6)
 
 add_subdirectory(preconditioner)
 add_subdirectory(solver)
diff --git a/core/test/mpi/distributed/neighborhood_communicator.cpp b/core/test/mpi/distributed/neighborhood_communicator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..313b2477a0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/test/mpi/distributed/neighborhood_communicator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 - 2024 The Ginkgo authors
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+#include <ginkgo/core/distributed/neighborhood_communicator.hpp>
+
+
+#include "core/test/utils/assertions.hpp"
+
+using gko::experimental::mpi::comm_index_type;
+
+class NeighborhoodCommunicator : public ::testing::Test {
+protected:
+    using part_type = gko::experimental::distributed::Partition<int, long>;
+    using map_type = gko::experimental::distributed::index_map<int, long>;
+
+    void SetUp() override { ASSERT_EQ(comm.size(), 6); }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<gko::Executor> ref = gko::ReferenceExecutor::create();
+    gko::experimental::mpi::communicator comm = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
+    int rank = comm.rank();
+};
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanDefaultConstruct)
+{
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator nhcomm{comm};
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(nhcomm.get_base_communicator(), comm);
+    ASSERT_EQ(nhcomm.get_send_size(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(nhcomm.get_recv_size(), 0);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanConstructFromIndexMap)
+{
+    auto part = gko::share(part_type::build_from_global_size_uniform(
+        ref, comm.size(), comm.size() * 3));
+    gko::array<long> recv_connections[] = {{ref, {3, 5, 10, 11}},
+                                           {ref, {0, 1, 7, 12, 13}},
+                                           {ref, {3, 4, 17}},
+                                           {ref, {1, 2, 12, 14}},
+                                           {ref, {4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 15}},
+                                           {ref, {8, 12, 13, 14}}};
+    auto imap = map_type{ref, part, comm.rank(), recv_connections[rank]};
+
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{comm, imap};
+
+    std::array<gko::size_type, 6> send_sizes = {4, 6, 2, 4, 7, 3};
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_recv_size(), recv_connections[rank].get_size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_send_size(), send_sizes[rank]);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanConstructFromEnvelopData)
+{
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> sources[] = {{1, 2}, {0, 2, 4}, {1, 5},
+                                              {0, 4}, {1, 3, 5}, {2, 4}};
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> recv_sizes[] = {{2, 2}, {2, 1, 2}, {2, 1},
+                                                 {2, 2}, {2, 2, 2}, {1, 3}};
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> destinations = sources[rank];
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> send_sizes[] = {{2, 2}, {2, 2, 2}, {1, 1},
+                                                 {2, 2}, {2, 2, 3}, {1, 2}};
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> recv_offsets(recv_sizes[rank].size() + 1);
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> send_offsets(send_sizes[rank].size() + 1);
+    std::partial_sum(recv_sizes[rank].begin(), recv_sizes[rank].end(),
+                     recv_offsets.begin() + 1);
+    std::partial_sum(send_sizes[rank].begin(), send_sizes[rank].end(),
+                     send_offsets.begin() + 1);
+
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{
+        comm,         sources[rank],    send_sizes[rank], send_offsets,
+        destinations, recv_sizes[rank], recv_offsets};
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_recv_size(), recv_offsets.back());
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_send_size(), send_offsets.back());
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanConstructFromEmptyIndexMap)
+{
+    auto imap = map_type{ref};
+
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{comm, imap};
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_recv_size(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_send_size(), 0);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanConstructFromIndexMapWithoutConnection)
+{
+    auto part = gko::share(part_type::build_from_global_size_uniform(
+        ref, comm.size(), comm.size() * 3));
+    auto imap = map_type{ref, part, comm.rank(), {ref, 0}};
+
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{comm, imap};
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_recv_size(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_send_size(), 0);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanConstructFromEmptyEnvelopData)
+{
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> sources;
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> recv_sizes;
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> destinations;
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> send_sizes;
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> recv_offsets{0};
+    std::vector<comm_index_type> send_offsets{0};
+
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{
+        comm,         sources,    send_sizes,  send_offsets,
+        destinations, recv_sizes, recv_offsets};
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_recv_size(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(spcomm.get_send_size(), 0);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanCommunicateIalltoall)
+{
+    auto part = gko::share(part_type::build_from_global_size_uniform(
+        ref, comm.size(), comm.size() * 3));
+    gko::array<long> recv_connections[] = {{ref, {3, 5, 10, 11}},
+                                           {ref, {0, 1, 7, 12, 13}},
+                                           {ref, {3, 4, 17}},
+                                           {ref, {1, 2, 12, 14}},
+                                           {ref, {4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 15}},
+                                           {ref, {8, 12, 13, 14}}};
+    auto imap = map_type{ref, part, comm.rank(), recv_connections[rank]};
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{comm, imap};
+    gko::array<long> recv_buffer{ref, recv_connections[rank].get_size()};
+    gko::array<long> send_buffers[] = {{ref, {0, 1, 1, 2}},
+                                       {ref, {3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5}},
+                                       {ref, {7, 8}},
+                                       {ref, {10, 11, 9, 10}},
+                                       {ref, {12, 13, 12, 14, 12, 13, 14}},
+                                       {ref, {17, 16, 15}}};
+
+    auto req = spcomm.i_all_to_all_v(ref, send_buffers[rank].get_const_data(),
+                                     recv_buffer.get_data());
+    req.wait();
+
+    GKO_ASSERT_ARRAY_EQ(recv_buffer, recv_connections[rank]);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanCommunicateIalltoallWhenEmpty)
+{
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{comm};
+
+    auto req = spcomm.i_all_to_all_v(ref, static_cast<int*>(nullptr),
+                                     static_cast<int*>(nullptr));
+    req.wait();
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanCreateInverse)
+{
+    auto part = gko::share(part_type::build_from_global_size_uniform(
+        ref, comm.size(), comm.size() * 3));
+    gko::array<long> recv_connections[] = {{ref, {3, 5, 10, 11}},
+                                           {ref, {0, 1, 7, 12, 13}},
+                                           {ref, {3, 4, 17}},
+                                           {ref, {1, 2, 12, 14}},
+                                           {ref, {4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 15}},
+                                           {ref, {8, 12, 13, 14}}};
+    auto imap = map_type{ref, part, comm.rank(), recv_connections[rank]};
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{comm, imap};
+
+    auto inverse = spcomm.create_inverse();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(inverse->get_recv_size(), spcomm.get_send_size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(inverse->get_send_size(), spcomm.get_recv_size());
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(NeighborhoodCommunicator, CanCommunicateRoundTrip)
+{
+    auto part = gko::share(part_type::build_from_global_size_uniform(
+        ref, comm.size(), comm.size() * 3));
+    gko::array<long> recv_connections[] = {{ref, {3, 5, 10, 11}},
+                                           {ref, {0, 1, 7, 12, 13}},
+                                           {ref, {3, 4, 17}},
+                                           {ref, {1, 2, 12, 14}},
+                                           {ref, {4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 15}},
+                                           {ref, {8, 12, 13, 14}}};
+    auto imap = map_type{ref, part, comm.rank(), recv_connections[rank]};
+    gko::experimental::mpi::neighborhood_communicator spcomm{comm, imap};
+    auto inverse = spcomm.create_inverse();
+    gko::array<long> send_buffers[] = {{ref, {1, 2, 3, 4}},
+                                       {ref, {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}},
+                                       {ref, {11, 12}},
+                                       {ref, {13, 14, 15, 16}},
+                                       {ref, {17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23}},
+                                       {ref, {24, 25, 26}}};
+    gko::array<long> recv_buffer{ref, recv_connections[rank].get_size()};
+    gko::array<long> round_trip{ref, send_buffers[rank].get_size()};
+
+    spcomm
+        .i_all_to_all_v(ref, send_buffers[rank].get_const_data(),
+                        recv_buffer.get_data())
+        .wait();
+    inverse
+        ->i_all_to_all_v(ref, recv_buffer.get_const_data(),
+                         round_trip.get_data())
+        .wait();
+
+    GKO_ASSERT_ARRAY_EQ(send_buffers[rank], round_trip);
+}