diff --git a/kadai3-1/.gitkeep b/kadai3-1/.gitkeep deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29b..00000000 diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/README.md b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6173e3da --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# Typing Game +- Receive one line from standard input +- Output English words to standard output (you can choose what to output) +- Receive one line from standard input +- (Original Function) Display word's meaning of target English word. + +# How to use +``` +$ go build -o game +$ ./game +( or $ go run .) +``` + +# How to test +``` +$ go test ./... --count=1 -cover +? github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa [no test files] +ok github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions 0.010s coverage: 100.0% of statements +ok github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter 0.005s coverage: 69.2% of statements +``` + +# Notes +- Word source: ielts-4000-academic-word + - https://tuxdoc.com/download/ielts-4000-academic-word-listpdf-4_pdf + - Vocabulary file format + - "word:meaning" + + +# How to play +``` +$ go run . +Target: generation +generation +Meaning: all offspring at same stage from common ancestor; interval of time between the birth of parents and their offspring +Correct! 1pt +Target: centigrade +centigrade +Meaning: measure of temperature, used widely in Europe +Correct! 2pt +Target: shield +shield +Meaning: protective covering or structure; protect; guard +Correct! 3pt +Target: ultimate +ultimate +Meaning: final; being the last or concluding; fundamental; elemental; extreme +Correct! 4pt +Target: numerous +aaaaa +Meaning: many; various; amounting to a large indefinite number +Miss! 4pt Target: network +rrrr +Meaning: any system of lines or channels crossing like the fabric of a net; complex, interconnected group or system +Miss! 4pt Target: admit + +====================== +Times up! point: 4 pt +====================== + +``` diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/go.mod b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/go.mod new file mode 100644 index 00000000..90f56452 --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/go.mod @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +module github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa + +go 1.14 diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/main.go b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/main.go new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1f432b3b --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/main.go @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +package main + +import ( + "fmt" + "os" + "time" + + "github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions" + "github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter" +) + +const wordPath string = "./testdata/ielts_words.txt" // Vocabulary file (Format > "word:meaning") +const limit_time int = 30 // Limit time + +var vc *questions.Vocab + +func main() { + vc = questions.ReadWords(wordPath) // read vocab file + timeCh := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(limit_time) * time.Second) // start timer + + var cnt int + + for { + c := starter.Solve(vc, timeCh) + switch c { + case starter.Success: + cnt++ + fmt.Print("Correct! ", cnt, "pt \n") // Correct answer + case starter.Fail: + fmt.Print("Miss! ", cnt, "pt ") // Missed answer + case starter.TimeUp: + fmt.Println("\n======================\nTimes up! point: ", cnt, "pt\n======================") // time up process + os.Exit(0) + } + } +} diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions/questions.go b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions/questions.go new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d97e3ee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions/questions.go @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +package questions + +import ( + "bufio" + "math/rand" + "os" + "strings" + "time" +) + +type Vocab struct { + Words []string + Meanings []string +} + +// Read words from word file +func ReadWords(filePath string) *Vocab { + var vc Vocab + f, _ := os.Open(filePath) + defer f.Close() + + scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f) + for scanner.Scan() { + vc.Words = append(vc.Words, strings.Split(scanner.Text(), ":")[0]) + vc.Meanings = append(vc.Meanings, strings.Split(scanner.Text(), ":")[1]) + } + return &vc +} + +// Get random words from word list +func CreateProblem(vc *Vocab) int { + // random seed + rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) + // get idx of target word + idx := rand.Intn(len(vc.Words)) + return idx +} diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions/questions_test.go b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions/questions_test.go new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6ebd9040 --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions/questions_test.go @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +package questions + +import ( + "testing" +) + +func TestReadWords(t *testing.T) { + const wordPath string = "../testdata/ielts_words.txt" + vc := ReadWords(wordPath) + expected := 4223 + if len(vc.Words) != expected { + t.Errorf("Word count is illegal. Result: %v, Expected: %v", expected, vc.Words) + } + if len(vc.Words) != expected { + t.Errorf("Word meaning count is illegal.Result: %v, Expected: %v", expected, vc.Meanings) + } +} + +func TestCreateProblem(t *testing.T) { + vc := Vocab{ + Words: []string{"apple", "orange"}, + Meanings: []string{"red fruit", "orange fruit"}, + } + result := CreateProblem(&vc) + if result != 0 && result != 1 { + t.Errorf("Target Seed is illegal. Result: %v, Expected: 0 or 1", result) + } +} diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter/starter.go b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter/starter.go new file mode 100644 index 00000000..55f545a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter/starter.go @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +package starter + +import ( + "fmt" + "time" + + "github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions" +) + +type Status int + +const ( + Success Status = iota + Fail + TimeUp +) + +func Solve(vc *questions.Vocab, timeCh *time.Timer) Status { + + var input string // for input from user + idx := questions.CreateProblem(vc) + fmt.Println("Target: ", vc.Words[idx]) + ch := make(chan string) + go func() { + // Read input by user + fmt.Scan(&input) + ch <- input + }() + // each cases + select { + case <-timeCh.C: + return TimeUp + case val := <-ch: // if there is user's input + fmt.Println("Meaning: ", vc.Meanings[idx]) + if val == vc.Words[idx] { + return Success + } else { + return Fail + } + } +} diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter/starter_test.go b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter/starter_test.go new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e62b94b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/starter/starter_test.go @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +package starter + +import ( + "testing" + "time" + + "github.com/kotaaaa/gopherdojo-studyroom/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/questions" +) + +func TestSolve(t *testing.T) { + vc := questions.Vocab{ + Words: []string{"apple", "red fruit"}, + Meanings: []string{"orange", "orange fruit"}, + } + timeCh := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(0) * time.Second) + ret := Solve(&vc, timeCh) + if ret != 2 { + t.Errorf("Return is illegal. Result: %v, Expected: 2(Fail) ", ret) + } +} diff --git a/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/testdata/ielts_words.txt b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/testdata/ielts_words.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..524f0bb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/kadai3-1/kotaaaa/testdata/ielts_words.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4223 @@ +abandon: lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm +abandonment: giving up completely; freedom from constraint +abbreviation: shortening something by omitting parts of it +abeyance: suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension +abide: endure; put up with; bear; tolerate +ability: capacity; skill +abnormal: unusual; not typical; not normal +aboard: on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle; in or into a group, organization, or business +abolish: cancel; put an end to; destroy completely +abolition: ending; act of abolishing; act of doing away with +abortion: termination of pregnancy; failure of a plan +abortive: unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless +abridge: condense; shorten; reduce length of written text +abrogate: abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority +abrupt: broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another +absence: state of being absent; state of being away +absent: go away or leave ; missing; not present +absolute: perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain +absolutely: utterly; definitely +absorb: assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention +absorption: process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mentalconcentration +abstract: theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand +absurd: preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish +absurdity: quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment;logical contradiction +abundance: great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing +abundant: plentiful; possessing riches or resources +abuse: improper use or handling; misuse +academic: related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to scholarly organization; basedon formal education +academy: school for special instruction; society of scholars, scientists, or artists +accede: agree; give consent, often at insistence of another; concede +accelerate: move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected +acceleration: faster rate of improvement; rate of change of velocity with respect to time +access: approach; entry; entrance +accessible: easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with +accessory: additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item +accident: event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpectedevent +accidental: unexpected; unforeseen +accidentally: inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically +accommodate: do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for +accommodation: living quarters provided for public convenience +accompaniment: act of accompanying someone or something +accompany: travel with; be associated with +accomplish: succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete +accomplishment: achievement; fulfillment +accord: settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states +account: narrative or record of events; reason given for a particular action or event +accountant: one who maintains and audits business accounts +accounting: system that provides quantitative information about finances +accrue: increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time +accumulate: pile up; collect; mount up; increase +accumulation: increase by natural growth or addition; concentration +accuracy: quality of nearness to the truth or the true value +accurate: capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision +accusation: indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party +accuse: blame; condemn +achieve: gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill +achievement: feat; accomplishment; award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective +acid: sour; water-soluble compounds having a sour taste; quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful +acknowledge: declare to be true or admit; express obligation, thanks +acquaint: inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar +acquaintance: personal knowledge or information about someone or something +acquainted: known by or familiar with another; informed or familiar +acquire: gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system +acquisition: act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something +across: from side to side; crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length +activate: make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive +actively: energetically; vigorously; in an active manner; voluntarily, not passively +actual: true; real; being, existing, or acting at the present moment; current +actually: truly; really; in fact +acute: quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe +adapt: make fit for; change to suit a new purpose +adaptation: modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits +additional: further; extra; supplemental or added to +additive: addition; supplement +address: make a formal speech to; deal with or discuss; direct efforts or attention of +adequate: sufficient; enough to meet a purpose +adhere: stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with +adhesive: glue; paste ; substance that unites or bonds surfaces together +adjacent: adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near +adjoin: be next to; be contiguous to; border on +adjust: adapt; regulate +adjustment: making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances +administer: govern; supervise; give or apply medications +administration: management; supervision; people who are in charge for management; activity of government for powers and duties +administrative: of or relating to or responsible for administration +admiration: favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval +admire: regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at +admission: act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter +admit: permit to enter; receive; provide the right or a means of entrance to +admittedly: doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly +adolescence: state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity +adolescent: a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity; +adopt: accept; take on; raise; take into one's family +adoption: act of accepting with approval +adore: worship with profound reverence; pay divine honors to; regard with the utmost esteem andaffection +adorn: enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments +adornment: embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament +adult: one who has attained maturity or legal age; fully grown +advance: proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward +advanced: improved; highly developed or complex; ahead of the times; progressive +adventure: something happens without design; chance; hazard; risk; dangeradventurous: valiant; venturesome; inclined or willing to incur hazard or engage in adventures +adversary: opponent in contest; someone who offers opposition +adverse: in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose +adversity: state of misfortune, hardship, or affliction; misfortune +advertise: give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of +advisable: proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent; ready to receive advice +advocate: speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something +aerial: of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air +affect: have an emotional or cognitive impact upon +affection: fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness +affectionate: having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous +affiliate: associate; incorporate +affirm: assert; confirm +affirmation: positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath +affirmative: confirmative; ratifying; giving assent or approval; confirming +afford: pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of +affordable: able to pay for +agency: a business that serves other businesses; an administrative unit of government +agent: one that acts on behalf of other persons or organizations +aggravate: worsen; make worse or more troublesome +aggregate: gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to +aggregation: several things grouped together or considered as a whole +aggressive: making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly +aggressor: one that engages in aggression; person who first attacks +agitate: cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb +agitation: anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance +agony: extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle +agreeable: ready to consent or submit; acceptableagreement: state of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character +agriculture: practice of cultivating the land or raising stock +aid: person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; helper; assistant +ailment: sickness; illness; affliction +aim: point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it +air: be broadcast on television or radio +aircraft: vehicle that can fly, such as an airplane, helicopter, balloon +aisle: passageway between rows of seats, as in an auditorium or an airplane; wing of a building +ajar: half-open; slightly turned or opened +alarm: any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger +album: a list of names; a register for visitors; a blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs +alert: warning serves; alarm; condition of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action +alien: dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person +alienate: cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally +alignment: arrangement; association; alliance +alike: similar; in the same manner or to the same degree +allergic: excessively sensitive; susceptible; having an allergy +allergy: hyper sensitivity reaction; abnormally high sensitivity to certain substances +alliance: state of being allied; act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties +allocate: assign; distribute according to plan +allot: parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot +allowance: approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting +alloy: combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate +ally: confederate; partner; collaborator +alone: solitary; by oneself +along: by the length; in a line with the length; onward; forward; in company; togetheralongside: along or by the side; side by side with +alter: modify; cause to change; make different; convert +alternate: happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute +alternation: successive change from one thing or state to another and back again +alternative: one of two or more things, ideas or courses of action that may be used; option; choice +altitude: elevation especially above sea level; height +aluminum: silvery ductile metallic element +amateur: nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art +amaze: astonish; affect with wonder +amazement: wonder; state of extreme surprise or wonder; astonishment +ambassador: authorized messenger or representative +ambiguity: state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty +ambiguous: unclear or doubtful in meaning +ambition: aspiration +ambitious: aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement +ambulance: field hospital organized as to follow an army in its movements; wagon for conveying the wounded to hospital +amend: change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors +amendment: correction; revision +amends: compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation +amiable: good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly +amicable: exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome +amid: in the middle of; among; surrounded by +ammunition: military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells +amount: total of two or more quantities; aggregate; sum +ample: more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large +amplification: addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail +amplify: broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increaseamuse: occupy or engage the attention of; lose in deep thought +analogy: similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity +analysis: study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts +analytical: of analysis; resolving into elements or parts +analyze: diagnose; examine +ancestor: forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor +anchor: secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate +anecdote: short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or biography +angular: sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner +animate: endowed with life; alive; living; animated +animation: act of animating, or giving life or spirit; state of being animate or alive. +ankle: joint which connects the foot with the leg; tarsus +annex: append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit +anniversary: annual; yearly; annual return of the day on which any notable event took place +announce: herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly +announcement: formal public statement; act of making known publicly +announcer: one who proclaims a message publicly +annoy: disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate +annual: occurring or payable every year +annually: yearly; each year; returning every year; year by year +antagonism: active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor +antagonist: one who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; opponent +antarctic: opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it +antibiotic: of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections +anticipate: act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict +anticipation: something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence +antique: any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion 0 +antonym: word of opposite meaning; counter term +anxiety: concern something in state of painful uneasiness; state of restlessness and agitation +anxious: eager; keen; worried; uneasy and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter +anyhow: in any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event +apart: separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside +ape: imitate; mimic, as an ape imitates human actions +apologize: beg pardon +apology: acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse +apparatus: a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for particular purpose +apparent: capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye +appeal: attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge +appealing: attractive; charming +appendix: something appended or added +appetite: instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink +applaud: acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands +appliance: durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use +applicable: capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance +applicant: candidate +application: close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance +apply: exert; put into service; avail oneself to; +appoint: designate; nominate +appointment: act of putting a person into a non-elective position; arrangement +appreciable: considerable; perceptible +appreciate: be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of +appreciation: recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one +appreciative: having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perceptionapprentice: works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner +approach: access; method +appropriate: acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use +approval: official approbation; endorsement; act of approving +approve: ratify; consider right or good; think or speak favorably of +approximate: approach; come near +approximately: about; roughly +apt: likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand +aptitude: inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding +arbitrary: randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle +arbitrator: someone chosen to judge and decide disputed issue; one having ability or power to make authoritative decisions +arc: continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape +arch: any part of a curved line +archaeology: study of artifacts and relics of early mankind +architect: one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures +architecture: art and science of designing and erecting buildings; buildings and other large structures +ardent: displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate +arduous: demanding great effort or labor; difficult +area: plane surface, as of the floor of a room; open space in a building; the enclosed space; extent; scope; range +arena: playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or entertainments +argue: invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure; debate +arise: come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action +aristocracy: hereditary nobility; privileged class +aristocrat: one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble +arithmetic: theory of numerical calculations +armour: defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weaponsarms: weapons considered collectively; official symbols of a family +arouse: excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep +arrange: put in proper order; dispose in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose +arrangement: composition; order +array: set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement +arrest: stop or slow down; catch someone's attention; take into custody +arrogance: overbearing pride; haughtiness; manifest feeling of personal superiority in rank, power, or estimation +arrogant: arising from feeling or assumption of one's superiority toward others +article: essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class +artificial: made by humans; produced rather than natural. +ascend: climb; mount +ascertain: find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of +ascribe: inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality +ashamed: affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt +aside: on, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest +aspect: distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind +aspirin: white crystalline compound drug to relieve pain and reduce fever and inflammation +assassination: act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by surprise attack +assault: attack; onslaught +assemble: put together; bring or call together into a group or whole +assembly: gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason +assert: declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly +assess: estimate value; judge worth of something +assessment: act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable +assign: appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly +assignment: task given to students; job; distribution; appointmentassist: give help or support to, especially as a subordinate +assistance: activity of contributing to fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose +assistant: helper; person who assists or helps someone else +associate: connect or join together; combine +association: connection, whether of persons of things; union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose +assorted: varied; miscellaneous +assortment: variety; collection containing a variety of sorts of things +assume: suppose; presume; take on; bear +assumption: something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of +assurance: promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt +assure: solidify; guarantee; convince +assured: made sure; exhibiting confidence or authority; indubitable +astonish: surprise; shock +astound: affect with wonder; surprise; shock +astray: away from the correct path or direction, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering +astronomer: a physicist who studies astronomy +astronomical: enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy +astronomy: branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole +athlete: sports man; one who contended for prize in public games +atlas: a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables +atmosphere: air +atom: a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element +atomic: of or relating to or comprising atoms; immeasurably small +attach: fasten; annex; be in contact with +attachment: a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory +attack: offensive move; expression of strong criticism; hostile comment +attain: achieve or accomplish; gainattempt: action of trying at something +attend: be present at; go to; take care of; tend +attendance: act of being present +attendant: aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting +attention: act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought +attentive: alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful +attic: story or room directly below the roof of a building, especially a house; +attitude: posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue +attorney: lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy +attract: draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure +attraction: appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts +attribute: essential quality; reputation; honor +auction: public sale of property to the highest bidder +audience: a group of people within hearing; crowd seeing a stage performance +auditorium: area of theater or concert hall where audience sits +august: impressive; majestic; inspiring awe or admiration +author: beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer +authority: jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government +authorization: act of giving authority or legal power; establishment by authority; sanction or warrant +authorize: empower; give permission for; sanction +autobiography: biography or story written by yourself +automate: control or operate by automation; replace or enhance human labor with machines +automatic: mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control +automation: act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls +automobile: self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadwayautonomous: self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent +autonomy: independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination +auxiliary: helper, additional or subsidiary +avail: turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote +available: convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible +avenge: take vengeance for something, or on behalf of someone +avenue: way or opening for entrance or exit place; passage by which a place may be reached; broad street +average: typical; mean; achieve or reach on average +aviation: art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics +avoid: shield away from; prevent +aware: knowing; having knowledge or cognizance +awe: mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder; fear, as of something evil +awful: causing fear, dread, or terror; extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible +awkward: difficult to handle or manage +awkwardly: in an uncomfortable, nervous or embarrassed way +axis: the center around which something rotates; pivot +axle: pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage B +baby-sitter: person engaged to care for children when the parents are not home +bachelor: unmarried men; the first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges +backbone: support; mainstay; vertebrate spine or spinal column +backward: directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped +bacon: back and sides of a pig salted and smoked +bacterium: single celled organism with no nucleus +badge: distinctive mark, token, or sign worn on the person +badminton: game played on a court with light long-handled rackets +baffle: frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of +baggage: trunks, bags, parcels, and suitcases in which one carries one's belongings while traveling; luggage +bait: harass; tease; lure, entice, or entrap +bake: prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal +balance: being in equilibrium; equilibrium; symmetry; stability +balcony: platform projecting from the wall of a building +bald: hairless; lacking a natural or usual covering +ballet: a sort of theatrical representation by dancers +balloon: large non-rigid bag filled with gas or heated air +ballroom: large room used mainly for dancing +bamboo: plant of family of grasses, growing in tropical countries +band: orchestra; team; strip; ribbon; belt; unite; ally +bandage: strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds +bang: a vigorous blow; a conspicuous successbanker: person in charge of the bank in a gambling game; one who owns or is an executive in a bank +bankrupt: penniless, without any money; financially ruined +banner: flag; sign; a newspaper headline that runs across the full page +banquet: feast; entertainment of eating and drinking +bar: a counter where you can obtain food or drink; cafe; strip; stick +barber: haircutter; one whose business is to cut hair and to shave or trim beards +bare: lacking the usual or appropriate covering or clothing +barely: just; only; hardly; scarcely +bargain: agreement between parties concerning the sale of property +barge: flatboat; long, large boat for transporting freight that is unpowered and towed or pushed by other craft +bark: sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog +barn: an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals +barometer: instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere +baron: title or degree of nobility +barrel: vessel; large cylindrical container +barren: desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking +barrier: obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit +barter: trade goods or services without the exchange of money +baseball: game played with a bat and ball by two opposing teams of nine players; ball used in this game +basement: cellar; storage room +basin: bowl-shaped vessel, usually used for holding food or liquids +bathe: wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self +batter: beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence +battery: beating or pounding; set of guns or heavy artillery; dry cell that produces electric current +bay: inlet of the sea, usually smaller than a gulf; small body of water set off from the main body +bazaar: market consisting of a street lined with shops and stalls, especially one in the Middle Eastbead: small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing +beak: nib ;horny projecting mouth of a bird +beam: ray of light; long piece of metal or wood; long piece fixed or movable in structure, machine, or tool +bean: various edible seeds; small oval or roundish seed, berry, nut, or lump +bear: support; sustain; carry; have; yield; give birth; hold up or support +bearing: carrying another part; patient endurance; suffering without complaint; act of producing or giving birth +beat: whip; strike; defeat; hit repeatedly +become: suit or be suitable to; be worthy of, or proper for; cause to appear well; grow or come to be +beforehand: in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation +behalf: represent; advantage, benefit, interest of someone +behave: perform; conduct oneself in a proper way +behavior: conduct; manner +belly: part of human body which extends downward from breast to thighs, and contains bowels; womb +beloved: greatly loved; dear to the heart +below: under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; inferior to in rank; unworthy of +bend: strain or move out of a straight line; curve; turn toward some certain point +beneath: lower in place, with something directly over or on; under; underneath; below +beneficial: helpful; tending to promote physical well-being +beneficiary: person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or will +benefit: advantage; something that aids or promotes well-being ; welfare; gain +benevolent: generous in providing aid to others; charitable +bent: determined to do or have +besides: over and above; separate or distinct from; in addition to; other than +bestow: give as gift; present +bet: stake or pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; amount or object risked in a wager +betray: be unfaithful; reveal unconsciously or unwillinglybeverage: liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment +bewilder: lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes +bias: preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way +bid: make an offer of; propose; offer in words; declare, as a wish, a greeting, a threat, or defiance +bill: invoice; act; proposal; statement or list of particulars, such as a theater program or menu +billion: the number that is represented as a one followed by zeros +bind: tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together +biographer: one who writes a book about somebody's life +biography: an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life +biologist: scientist who studies living organisms +bite: pierce skin with teeth; seize with the teeth; sting with a stinger; eat into; have a sharp taste +bitter: harsh or corrosive in tone; painful; acrid; acrimonious +bitterness: sharp and bitter manner +blacksmith: one who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil +blade: flat part of the leaf, of any plant, especially of gramineous plants; cutting part of an instrument +blame: condemn; rebuke; find fault with; censure +blank: of a white or pale color; without color; empty; void +blanket: heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a nap, used in bed clothing +blast: explode; burst; gale; very strong gust of wind or air +blaze: brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame +bleach: make white or colorless; blanch +bleed: emit blood; lose blood; withdraw blood from the body +blend: combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture +bless: make or pronounce holy; consecrate; make happy +blessing: praying for divine protection; formal act of giving approval +blink: shut eyes briefly; wink +block: hinder; obstruct; indicate broadly without great detail; sketch +bloom: flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity 0 +blossom: reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts +blot: spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing +blunder: serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion +blunt: having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive +blush: become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame +board: a committee having supervisory powers; a flat piece of material designed for a special purpose +boarding: wooden boards collectively; act of entering a ship; supplying with meals and lodgings for pay +boast: show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride +bodyguard: guard to protect or defend person; lifeguard +boil: be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water +bold: brave; daring; intrepid; impudent +bolt: dash or dart off; move or jump suddenly +bond: link; connection; uniting force or tie; binding agreement; duty +bonus: an extra dividend to the shareholders; money paid in addition to a stated compensation +bookcase: case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors +boom: bonanza; prosperity; prosper; expand; flourish +booming: deep and resonant; flourishing; thriving +boost: raise; advance; push or shove upward +booth: house or shed built for temporary occupation; covered stall or temporary structure +border: outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden; margin; verge; brink; boundary +bore: drill; make a hole in or through, with or as if with a drill +boring: uninteresting and tiresome; dull +bother: annoy; trouble; make agitated or nervous; fluster +bounce: jolt; rebound after having struck an object or a surface +bound: tied; held; committed; limit; constraint; leap; jump +boundary: dividing line; border; frontierbourgeois: middle class; selfishly materialistic; dully conventional +bow: inclination of head, or bending of body for reverence, respect, civility, or submission; bending or rounded part of ship forward +bowl: throw or roll a ball; move quickly and smoothly, especially by rolling +boycott: refrain from buying or using +brace: something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod; +brain: organ or seat of intellect; understanding or imagination +brake: a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction +brand: burning piece of wood; mark made by burning with a hot iron; distinctive mark upon in any way +breach: breaking of contract or duty +breadth: measure or dimension from side to side; width; extent +break: opportunity to do something; pause or interval, as from work; sudden change +breakdown: process of failing to function or continue; sudden collapse in physical or mental health; summary of itemized data +breakthrough: act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction +breath: air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration +breathe: respire; inhale and exhale air +breed: raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate +breeze: light current of air; gentle wind; progress swiftly and effortlessly +bribe: something serving to influence or persuade; reward or gift with a view to prevent judgment +bridle: headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins +brief: short in time, duration, length, or extent; concise +brighten: lighten; cheer; encourage; make or become bright or brighter +brilliance: cleverness; magnificence +brilliant: full of light; shining; bright; sharp and clear in tone +brim: brink; edge +brink: edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge +brisk: marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or mannerbrittle: easily broken; having little elasticity +broadcast: message that is transmitted by radio or television; radio or television show +broaden: widen; grow broad or broader +brochure: pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover +bronze: an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements +brood: think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought +brook: creek; stream +brown: of dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow +bruise: injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists +brutal: like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; merciless +brute: not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence +bubble: foam; dome-shaped covering made of transparent glass or plastic; fantastic or impracticable idea or belief +bucket: vessel for drawing up water from a well; vessel for hoisting and conveying coal, ore, grain +bud: one that is not yet fully developed; sprout +budget: estimate; a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose +buffet: table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out +bug: general name applied to various insects +bulb: rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball +bulk: majority; main part; volume; mass +bulky: of large size for its weight +bull: male of any species of cattle; large, strong, and aggressive person; optimist regarding business conditions +bulletin: brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication +bullion: gold and silver in the form of bars +bump: impact as from a collision; lump on the body caused by a blow +bunch: clump; cluster; gathering +bundle: packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of moneyburdensome: not easily borne; wearing; causing uneasiness or fatigue +bureaucracy: over-regulated administrative system +burial: grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground +bush: place abounding in trees or shrubs; wild forest +business: rightful concern or responsibility; occupation, work, or trade in which a person is engaged; commercial enterprise +butcher: one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty +butter: oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by churning +butterfly: insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings +buzz: confusion of activity and gossip; sound of rapid vibration +bygone: past; gone by +bypass: channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low resistance in parallel +by-product: product made during the manufacture of something else C +cab: taxi; one-horse vehicle for public hire +cabin: small room on a ship or boat where people sleep +cabinet: group of persons appointed by a head of state or a prime minister; hut; cottage; small house; small room; closet +cable: very strong thick rope made of twisted steel or metal wire +cafe: coffee house; restaurant where coffee and liquors are served +cafeteria: restaurant where you serve yourself and pay a cashier +calculate: compute; determine; estimate +calculation: planning something carefully and intentionally +calendar: orderly arrangement as years, months, weeks, and days; a table showing months, weeks, and days +calm: freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; tranquility; stillness; quiet; serenity +calorie: unit of heat; unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of kilogram of water by degree +campaign: battle ;a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end +campus: field where the buildings of a university are situated +canal: artificial channel filled with water; tube or duct +canary: pale yellowish color; wine made in the Canary Islands; canary bird; quick and lively dance +cancel: revoke; call off; omit or delete +cancellation: act of cancelling; calling off some arrangement +candid: straightforward; frank; free from prejudice; impartial +candidate: person who is considered for something; person who seeks or is nominated for an office, prize, or honor +cane: any plant with long, hard, elastic stems; walking stick +cannon: great gun; firearm for discharging heavy shot with great forcecanon: law or rule; decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority; books of the Bible officially accepted; a group of literary works +canteen: vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other drink; snack bar or small cafeteria, as on a military installation +canvas: heavy closely woven fabric; background against which events unfold, as in a historical narrative +canvass: determine votes; examine carefully or discuss thoroughly; scrutinize +capability: quality of being capable; capacity; skill +capable: having the ability required for a specific task +capacity: mental or physical ability; ability to accommodate +cape: piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into the sea or a lake; sleeveless outer garment +capital: wealth in form of money or property; assets available for use; city that is the official seat of government +caption: title; chapter heading; text under illustration +captive: prisoner taken by force; one kept in power of another; one charmed or subdued by beauty, excellence, or affection +capture: act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior power; thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem +card: flat, rectangular piece of stiff paper, cardboard, or plastic; business card; credit card +cardinal: chief; serving as an essential component +career: profession or occupation; individual’s work and life roles over their lifespan +careful: full of care; anxious; solicitous; taking care; giving good heed; watchful; cautious +careless: negligent; taking insufficient care +cargo: freight carried by a ship, an aircraft, or another vehicle +carol: round dance; a song of joy; song of praise or joy, especially for Christmas +carpenter: skilled worker who makes, finishes, and repairs wooden objects and structures +carrier: one that carries or conveys; messenger +carrot: root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color +carry: convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; hold or support while moving; +bearcart: common name for various kinds of vehicles; two-wheeled vehicle; light business wagon +carton: pasteboard for paper boxes; pasteboard box +cartoon: design or study drawn of full size to serve as a model for transferring or copying; drawing depicting a humorous situation +carve: cut; sculpt +carving: cutting away parts to create a desired shape +cash: money paid at the time of purchase; money in the form of bills or coins; currency +cashier: one who has charge of money; cash keeper +cassette: container that holds a magnetic tape used for recording or playing sound or video +cast: assign the roles of; choose at random +casual: informal; purposeless; occurring by chance +casualty: serious or fatal accident; someone injured or killed in an accident +catalyst: agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged +catastrophe: calamity; disaster; state of extreme ruin and misfortune +catch: capture or seize, especially after a chase; take by or as if by trapping; reach just in time +category: group; class; collection of things sharing a common attribute +cater: supply what is needed or desired; provide food professionally for special occasion +cathedral: church; temple +catholic: broadly sympathetic; universal; related to Roman Catholic Church +cause: something produces a result; basis for an action or response; a reason +caution: care; being attentive to possible danger +cautious: conservative; careful +cavalry: part of military force which serves on horseback +cavern: cave; large underground chamber, as in a cave +cavity: hole; cavern; hollow area within the body +cease: stop; terminate; put an end to; discontinue +celebrate: praise; assign great social importance to +cell: any small compartmentcellar: room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground +cement: any substances used for making bodies adhere to each other; bond of union +cemetery: place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; graveyard +censor: overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content +centigrade: measure of temperature, used widely in Europe +cereal: grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food. +ceremonial: ritual; ceremony or rite +ceremony: formal act or set of acts performed as prescribed by ritual or custom +certainty: quality or condition of being certain; fact or truth unquestionable established; clearness +certificate: document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts; document issued to a person completing a course +certify: give certain information to; assure; make certain +chalk: soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish white color, used as a drawing implement +challenge: assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to +chamber: cell; compartment; room +champion: protect or fight for as first place +championship: status of being a champion; position or title of a winner +channel: passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of communication or access +chaos: disorder; condition or place of great disorder or confusion; disorderly mass +chap: crack, as in earth surface; splitting of skin, caused by cold or exposure; one of the jaws or cheeks; man or boy +chapter: division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society +character: part; nature; description of a person's attributes, traits, or abilities +characteristic: feature that helps to identify, tell apart, or describe recognizably; a distinguishing mark or trait +characterize: distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of +charcoal: a stick of black carbon material used for drawing; a very dark gray color +charge: set or ask for a certain price; load to capacity; fill; instruct or urge authoritatively; commandcharity: activity or gift that benefits the public at large +charm: power or quality of pleasing or delighting; attractiveness; item worn for its supposed magical benefit +chart: graph; diagram; map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators +charter: license; authorize; hold under a lease or rental agreement of goods and services +chase: pursue for the purpose of killing or taking; hunt; follow as if to catch +chat: talk without exchanging too much information; informal conversation +check: stop motion; curb or restrain +cheer: lightness of spirits or mood; source of joy or happiness; festive food and drink; refreshment +cheque: written order directing a bank to pay money +cherish: harbor; treasure; treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear +chew: bite and grind with the teeth +chief: highest in office or rank; principal; head +chill: cool; freeze +chilly: cold +chin: central forward portion of the lower jaw; bottom of face +chip: cut small pieces from; diminish or reduce to shape; break or crack +choke: breathe with great difficulty, as when experiencing a strong emotion; reduce the air supply +chop: hew; cut by striking with a heavy sharp tool, such as an ax +chorus: any utterance produced simultaneously by a group +circle: round; something shaped like such a ring; group of people sharing an interest, activity, or achievement +circuit: electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow +circular: round; shaped like or nearly like a circle +circulate: move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point +circulation: spread or transmission of something to a wider group or area +circumference: boundary line of a circle, figure, area, or object +circumstance: situation; condition; detail accompanying or surrounding an event 0 +circus: public entertainment of performances by acrobats, clowns, and trained animals +cite: quote; adduce as an instance +citizenship: status of a citizen with rights and duties +civil: having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite +civilization: culture +claim: demand for something as rightful or due +clamp: any of various devices used to join, grip, support, or compress mechanical or structural parts +clap: applaud; slap; strike together with a sharp sound, as one hard surface on another +clarification: process of making things clearer or easier to understand +clarify: make clear and comprehensible; elucidate +clash: make noise by striking against something; dash noisily together; meet in opposition +clasp: fastening device; firm grip +classic: work of acknowledged excellence and authority, or its author; creation of the highest excellence +classical: of recognized authority or excellence +classification: assigning to a class or category +classify: declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories +clause: sentence; phrase; distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document +clay: very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired +clear: out of the way; completely away +clearance: act of clearing; space cleared; permission to proceed or trust +clench: close tightly; grasp or grip tightly; fasten with a clinch +client: someone who pays to get goods or services +clientele: clients of professional person; body of customers or patrons +climate: weather condition; atmosphere; environment +climax: upward movement; steady increase; the highest point; the greatest degree +cling: hold fast or adhere to something; stick together and resist separation; remain emotionally +clinic: healthcare facility for outpatient careclip: small section of filmed or filed material +clockwise: in the direction that the hands of a clock move +closet: small room or apartment; room for privacy +clue: a ball of thread or cord; thread; something guides or directs anything of a doubtful or intricate nature +clumsy: awkward; showing lack of skill or aptitude +cluster: group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely +clutch: grasp and hold tightly; attempt to grasp or seize +coach: tutor; teacher; a vehicle carrying many passengers +coarse: rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality +code: body of law; system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; system of symbols, letters, or words +codify: arrange laws, rules as a code; classify; arrange or systematize +coherence: logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together +coherent: adhesive; cohesive; sticking together ; logical; sound; capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner +cohesion: tendency to keep together +cohesive: cohering or tending to cohere; well integrated +coil: a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or series of spiral pipes +coin: make pieces of money from metal; invent or fabricate +coinage: coins collectively +coincide: occur at the same time as; correspond +coincidence: two or more things occurring at the same time by chance +coincident: concerning; simultaneous +collaborate: work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort +collaboration: act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying one's own country +collapse: breakdown; failure +colleague: fellow worker; associate; co-workercollective: common; assembled into or viewed as a whole +collide: bump; hit; conflict +collision: crash; conflict of opposed ideas or attitudes or goals +colonel: a commissioned military officer +colonial: of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony +colony: region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency; a community of social insects, as ants, bees +column: pillar; cylindrical or polygonal support for roof; anything resembling, in form or position; upright body or mass +combat: struggle as with an opposing force; fight with +combination: blend; union +combine: blend; fuse; merge +comedy: light and humorous drama with a happy ending +comic: arousing or provoking laughter; ridiculous; amusing; humorous +commander: chief; leader +commandment: order or injunction given by authority; command; charge; act of commanding; exercise of authority +commemorate: serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony +commence: have a beginning or origin; originate; start; begin +commend: commit, intrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of confidence or regard +comment: express an opinion; remark +commerce: trade; business; intellectual exchange or social interaction +commercial: money-making; involved in work that is intended for the mass market +commission: fee for services; group of people appointed to find out about something; authorize +commit: do something that cannot be changed; cause to be admitted +commitment: pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action +committee: special group delegated to consider some matter +commodity: goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit.commonplace: ordinary; having no remarkable features +commonsense: exhibiting native good judgment +communicate: send information about; make known; impart; reveal clearly +communication: activity of communicating; activity of conveying information +community: society; a group of people living in the same locality and under the same government +compact: closely and firmly united or packed together; briefly giving gist of something +companion: associate; partner +company: team; guard team; group of persons; business enterprise +comparable: similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy to be ranked with +comparative: relative; based on, or involving comparison +comparatively: relatively; in comparison +compare: examine and note the similarities or differences of +compass: go about or entirely round; make the circuit of; enclose on all sides; surround +compatible: harmonious; having similar disposition and tastes +compel: force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force +compensate: make amends for; reimburse +compensation: something given or received as payment as for a service or loss or injury +compete: contest; fight +competent: capable; adept +competition: struggle; rivalry; act of competing as for profit or a prize +competitive: of or pertaining to competition; producing competition; showing a fighting disposition +competitiveness: an aggressive willingness to compete +competitor: one who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who competes; rival +compile: put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources +complain: make a formal accusation; bring a formal charge +complaint: expression of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment; criticism +complement: complete; consummate; make perfectcomplex: complicated in structure; a whole structure, as a building, made up of interconnected or related structures +complexity: complication +compliance: readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement +complicated: difficult to analyze or understand +compliment: praise; commendation; say something to someone that expresses praise +complimentary: expressing of praise, admiration, or congratulation; given free to repay a favor or as an act of courtesy +comply: yield assent; accord; agree, or acquiesce; adapt one's self; fulfill; accomplish +component: element; ingredient; abstract part of something +compose: write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements +composite: made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded +composition: makeup; constitution; writing; essay +compound: combine; mix; constitute; pay interest; increase +comprehend: take in the meaning, nature, or importance of; grasp +comprehension: grasp; ability to understand +comprehensive: thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope +compress: close; squeeze or press together; contract +compression: applying pressure; encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required +comprise: include; consist of; be composed of +compromise: adjust or settle by making mutual concessions; endanger the interests or reputation of +compulsory: mandatory; obligatory; required by rule +computation: calculation +compute: reckon; make mathematical calculation +conceal: keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; secrete +concede: admit; yield; give up physical control of another +conceit: overly high self-esteem; feelings of excessive pride +conceited: endowed with fancy or imagination; entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; vain +conceive: form or develop in the mind; devise; become pregnant with; begin or originate in a specific way +concentrate: bring to or direct toward a common center; unite more closely; gather into one body +concept: something formed in the mind; thought or notion +conception: beginning; forming of an idea; act of conceiving +concern: interest in any person or thing; regard; solicitude; anxiety +concert: performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging; harmony; accord +concerted: planned or accomplished together; combined +concession: act of yielding; point yielded; acknowledgment or admission +concise: brief and compact; expressing much in few words +conclude: enclose; reach as an end of reasoning; make final determination ; judge or decide; bring to an end +conclusive: definitive; decisive; final +concrete: solid mass; covering with cement; hard, strong construction material consisting of sand, conglomerate , and gravel +concurrent: simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time +condemn: blame; denounce; express strong disapproval of +condemnation: blame +condensation: compression +condense: change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate +condenser: lens used to concentrate light on an object; an apparatus that converts vapor into liquid +condition: mode or state of being; fitness; existing circumstances +conduct: direct the course of; manage or control; lead or guide +conductor: a device designed to transmit electricity, heat; person who collects fares on a public conveyance +cone: a shape whose base is a circle and whose sides taper up to a point +confer: bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over +conference: meeting for consultation or discussion; exchange of views +confess: acknowledge; admit +confession: public declaration of faithconfide: disclose; reveal; tell in confidence +confidence: feeling secure or certain about something +confident: assured; having or marked by assurance +confidential: treated with confidence; trusted in; trustworthy; secret +confine: restrict in movement; circumscribe +confinement: state of being confined; restraint within limits; any restraint of liberty by force +confirm: support or establish the certainty or validity of; verify +confirmation: additional proof that something that was believed +conflict: fight; struggle; incompatibility of dates or events +conform: comply with; follow; fit; meet +conformity: similarity in form or character; agreement +confront: be face to face with; oppose in hostility or competition; deal with +confrontation: state of being confronted, especially a meeting face to face; clash of opinions and ideas +confuse: cause to be unable to think with clarity or act with intelligence or understanding; mix up +confusion: mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; lack of clarity or order +congestion: act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass +congratulation: act of acknowledging that someone has an occasion for celebration +congress: meeting of elected or appointed representatives +congressman: man who is a member of the U.S. Congress, especially of the House of Representatives +conjunction: state of being conjoined, united, or associated; union; association; league +connect: join, or fasten together; associate; combine; unite or link together +connection: relation between things or events; shifting from one form of transportation to another +conquer: gain or acquire by force; take possession of by violent means; gain dominion over +conquest: success in mastering something difficult +conscience: motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles; source of moral or ethical judgment +conscientious: diligent; responsible; reliableconscious: awake; alert +consciousness: having knowledge of ; special awareness or sensitivity: +consecutive: following one after another without interruption; sequential +consent: agree in opinion or sentiment; be of the same mind; accord; concur; allow +consequence: result; relation of a result to its cause; logical conclusion or inference +consequently: therefore; as a result or consequence of something; subsequently +conservation: preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect +conservative: favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change +considerable: worthy of consideration; large in amount, extent, or degree +considerably: substantially; significantly; to a degree worth considering +considerate: thoughtful; marked by consideration or reflection; deliberate +consideration: considerate and thoughtful act +consign: give, transfer, or deliver in a formal manner, as if by signing over into the possession of another +consist: stand firm; be in a fixed or permanent state; be supported and maintained +consistency: harmonious uniformity or agreement among things or parts +consistent: being in agreement with itself; coherent; regular +console: cheer from distress or depression; alleviate grief and raise spirits of; relieve; comfort +consolidate: make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and firm +consonant: compatible; harmonious +conspicuous: noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious +conspiracy: plot; intrigue; agreement to perform together an illegal, wrongful, or subversive act +constant: invariable; repeating; continually occurring; persistent +constantly: in an unchangeable or invariable manner; in every case; perpetually; continually +constituent: component or part; citizen, voter +constitute: make up; form something +constitution: law determining the fundamental political principles of a government; the act of forming +somethingconstraint: something that restricts or confines within prescribed bounds +construct: form by assembling or combining parts; build; create +construction: act of constructing or building something +consult: seek advice or information of; take into account; consider +consultant: an expert who gives advice +consume: devour; eat +consumer: people who buy goods or services +consumption: eating or drinking of something +contact: get in touch with; reach +contain: include; incorporate; be capable of holding +container: any object that can be used to hold things +contemplate: look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought +contemplation: act of the mind in considering with attention; continued attention of the mind to a particular subject; meditation; expectation +contemporary: modern; belonging to the same period of time +contempt: state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace; disobedience to, or open disrespect of +contemptuous: scornful; expressing contempt; showing a lack of respect +content: volume; something contained; material, including text and images +contest: contend for; call in question; oppose; dispute +context: circumstance +continent: one of the large landmasses of the earth +continental: being or concerning or limited to a continent +contingency: condition of being dependent on chance; uncertainty; possibility +contract: constrict; make smaller; compress or concentrate +contradict: confront; oppose +contradiction: assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion +contrary: relation of direct opposition; very opposed in nature or character or purpose +contrast: act of distinguishing by comparing differencescontribute: provide; bestow a quality on +contribution: act of contributing; contribution; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy +controversial: controvertible; disputable +controversy: contentious speech act; argument +convenience: state of being suitable +convenient: suited or favorable to one's comfort, purpose, or needs:; near; accessible +convention: social or moral custom; formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates; agreement between states +conventional: based upon tradition rules; formed by agreement or compact +conversant: familiar, as by study or experience; able to converse knowledgeably +conversation: general course of conduct; intimate fellowship or association; close acquaintance; informal dialogue +converse: chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts +conversely: in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. +conversion: change; transformation +convert: change something into another form; transform +convey: carry from one place to another; bear or transport +conveyance: act of conveying; tools of conveying, especially vehicle for transportation +convict: find or declare guilty +conviction: judgment that someone is guilty of crime; strongly held belief +convince: overpower; force to yield assent to truth; satisfy by proof; prove guilty +convinced: certain, sure +cooperate: work or act together toward a common end or purpose +cooperation: practice of cooperating; joint operation or action +cooperative: done with or working with others +coordinate: bring order and organization to; harmonize +coordination: regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation +cordial: gracious; showing warm and friendliness 0 +core: basic, center, or most important part; essence +cork: lightweight elastic outer bark, used especially for bottle closures, insulation, floats +corn: single seed of certain plants, as wheat; grain; small, hard particle +corner: position at which two lines, surfaces, or edges meet and form an angle +corporate: united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated body +corporation: business firm; a group of people combined into or acting as one body +correlate: relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation +correlation: mutual relationship; interdependence or interconnection relationship +correspond: be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages +correspondence: similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters +correspondent: one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper or periodical +corresponding: accompanying +corrode: destroy metal or alloy gradually, especially by chemical action; be eaten or worn away +corrosion: decay; erosion +corrupt: changed from sound to putrid state; spoiled; tainted +corruption: bribery; fraud +cosmic: pertaining to the universe; vast +cosmopolitan: sophisticated; of worldwide scope +cosmos: universe or universality of created things; ordered, harmonious whole +couch: sofa; arrange or dispose as in a bed +counsel: advise; suggest +countenance: give sanction or support to; tolerate or approve +counter: flat surface on which money is counted, business is transacted; one that is an opposite +countermand: cancel; revoke command or order; order or direct in opposition to; prohibit; forbid +counterpart: duplicate copy; analogue; one that closely resembles another +countless: innumerable; infinite; too many to count +couple: a male and female associated together; a pair who associate with one anothercourt: enclosed space; courtyard; uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building +courteous: exhibiting courtesy and politeness; showing regard or thought for others +courtesy: polite behavior; act of civility or respect; consent or agreement in spite of fact +cover: overspread the surface; envelop; shelter, as from evil or danger; protect +coverage: extent to which something is covered; news as presented by reporters +coward: person who lacks courage to face danger; timid +crab: a stroke of the oar that either misses the water or digs too deeply +crack: break into simpler molecules by means of heat; split; hit forcefully; pass through +cradle: small low bed for an infant, often furnished with rockers; infancy, or very early life +craft: something made by people; vessel +crash: smash; collision; falling down or in pieces with a loud noise of breaking parts +crate: large basket, used for moving china or similar wares; box or case whose sides are of wooden slats with interspaces +crave: ask with earnestness or importunity; ask with submission or humility; beg +crawl: move slowly, as people or animals with the body near the ground +crazy: affected with madness; insane; deranged +create: make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing +creation: act of creating or causing to exist +credit: arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for a client to borrow +creek: small stream, often a shallow tributary to a river; brook +creep: move slowly; move stealthily or cautiously +crew: group of people working together, as in spacecraft, ship, plane or train +cricket: outdoor game played with bats, a ball, and wickets by two teams of players each +criminal: one who has committed a crime; one who is found guilty by verdict, confession, or proof +crimson: bloody +cripple: person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limb +crisis: dangerous situation; crucial or decisive point or situation; a turning pointcrisp: firm but easily broken or crumbled; brittle +critical: urgently needed; absolutely necessary; essential; acute; crucial; decisive +crook: bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure +crooked: having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned; curved +crop: the top, end, or highest part of anything, especially of plant or tree; grain or other product of field while standing; anything cut off or gathered +crossing: traveling across; place at which roads, lines, or tracks intersect; intersection +crouch: bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey, or in fear +crown: ornamental circlet or head covering, made of gold with jewels and worn as a symbol of sovereignty +crude: being in an unrefined or natural state; raw; lacking tact or taste; blunt or offensive +cruise: sail back and forth on the ocean; sail as for protection of commerce, in search of an enemy, or for pleasure +crumb: small fragment or piece, especially, a small piece of bread or other food; broken or cut off +crumble: break into small pieces; cause to fall in pieces +crush: press between opposing bodies so as to break or injure; extract or obtain by pressing or squeezing +crust: outer layer ; covering; coat; shell +crystal: quartz; glassware made of quartz; high-quality, clear, colorless glass +cube: three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides; cubicle, used for work or study +cubic: having three dimensions +cubism: an artistic movement in France beginning in 0 that featured surfaces of geometrical planes +cucumber: cylindrical green fruit with thin green rind and white flesh eaten as a vegetable; related to melons +cultivate: improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of +cultivation: production of food by preparing the land to grow crops +culture: all the knowledge and values shared by a society ; foster; raising of plants or animals +cunning: knowing; skillful; artful; designing; deceitful +cupboard: a small room or cabinet used for storage spacecurb: bend or curve; guide and manage, or restrain +cure: medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of disease; removal of disease or evil +curiosity: desire to know or learn +curious: difficult to please or satisfy; careful or anxious to learn; eager for knowledge; given to research or inquiry +curl: form into coiled or spiral shape; twist into ringlets or coils; move in curve or spiral +currency: money; general acceptance or use +current: stream; flow; up-to-date; present +currently: presently; at the present time +curse: call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon; bring great evil upon +curtail: cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part +curve: bend or turn gradually from a given direction, as road curves to the right +cushion: soft pillow or pad usually used for sitting, reclining, or kneeling +custody: keeping or guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation, or security +custom: tradition; practice followed by people of a particular group or region +customary: agreeing with or established by common usage; conventional; habitual +customer: patron; one that buys goods or services +customs: money collected under a tariff +cycle: periodically repeated sequence of events; long period of time; entire round in a circle or a spire D +dagger: knife; short pointed weapon with sharp edges +dainty: delicately beautiful or charming; exquisite; gratification or pleasure taken in anything +dairy: place where milk is produced, kept, or converted into butter or cheese +dam: barrier to prevent the flow of liquid, especially built across a water course +damp: humid; moist; slightly wet +dangerous: full of risk; perilous; hazardous; unsafe +daring: bold; brave +dart: move suddenly and rapidly +dash: throw with violence or haste; break, as by throwing or by collision; form or sketch rapidly +data: collection of facts, observations, or other information related to a particular question or problem +date: mark the time of; assign a date to +dawn: time each morning at which daylight first begins; beginning; start +dazzle: overpower with light; confuse the sight of by brilliance of light; bewilder or surprise with brilliancy +dazzling: bright; brilliant +deadly: fatal; lethal; causing or tending to cause death +deaf: unable to perceive sounds; hard of hearing; unwilling to hear or listen; regardless; not to be persuaded +deal: part or portion; share; indefinite quantity, degree, or extent, degree, or extent; distribution; arrangement +dean: dignitary or presiding officer; head in the faculty of some colleges or universities +debate: discussion; dispute; discussion involving opposing points +debt: liability; obligation; money or goods or services owed by one person to another +decade: a group or division of ten, especially a period of ten years +decay: decompose; break sown; disintegration; rottenness; decline; worsen; decadencedeceit: attempt or disposition to deceive or lead into error; any declaration, artifice, or practice, which misleads another, or causes him to believe what is false +deceive: fool; cause to believe what is not true; mislead +decent: suitable; modest.; honorable; meeting accepted standards +deception: act of deceiving +decimal: of tens; numbered or proceeding by tens; based on ten +deck: a pack of cards; any of various floor-like platforms built into a vessel +declaration: announcement; explicit statement; formal public statement +declare: state clearly; make known formally or officially +decline: change toward something smaller or lower ; gradual falling off from a better state +decompose: decay +decorate: adorn; embellish +decoration: act of decorating something; something used to beautify +decorative: ornamental; embellishing; serving an esthetic rather than a useful purpose +decrease: lessen; reduce; make a quantity smaller +decree: order from one having authority; decision, order, or sentence by court +dedicate: set apart; devoted; consecrated +deduce: lead forth; reach a conclusion by reasoning; trace the origin or derivation of +deduct: lead forth or out; take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; subtract +deed: something that is carried out; act or action; feat or exploit +deem: decide; judge; sentence; condemn +default: failure to act; an option that is selected automatically +defeat: disfigure; destroy; frustrate; overcome or vanquish; resist with +defect: abandon or turn against; cease or change one's loyalty +defective: having a defect; faulty; imperfect; incomplete; lacking +defence: act of defending against attack, danger, or injury +defend: make or keep safe from danger, attack, or harm +defer: delay till later; put off; hold back to a later timedefiance: refusal to yield; readiness to contend or resist +deficiency: scarcity; lack or shortage, especially of something essential to health +deficient: inadequate; lacking an essential quality or element +deficit: inadequacy or insufficiency; sum of money falls short of required amount; shortage +define: determine the nature of; give a definition; describe the nature or basic qualities of; explain +definite: fixed; exact; having distinct limits +definitely: unequivocally; clearly; without question and beyond doubt +definition: clarity of outline; concise explanation +definitive: final; complete; precisely defined or explicit +deflate: reduce from an inflated condition; release contained air or gas from +deflect: turn aside; draw someone's attention away from something +deform: change shape by stress; become misshapen; make formless +deformation: alteration in the shape or dimensions; a change for the worse +defray: paycosts of; undertake payment of; make compensation to or for +defy: renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; provoke to combat or strife +degradation: humiliation; debasement; decline to a lower condition, quality, or level +degrade: reduce level; lower grade of something +delay: act later than planned; put off; adjournment +delegate: person authorized to act as representative for another; deputy +delete: erase; strike out; remove or make invisible +deliberate: consider; think about carefully; weigh +deliberately: intentionally; purposely; with careful consideration or deliberation; with full intent; +delicate: pleasing to the senses, especially in a subtle way; easily hurt; very subtle in difference +delicious: extremely pleasing to the sense of taste; greatly pleasing or entertaining +delinquency: failure or omission of duty; fault; misdeed; offense or crime +delinquent: failing in duty; offending by neglect of duty. +deliver: set free from restraint; set at liberty; release; give or transferdelusion: false belief; mistaken or unfounded opinion +democracy: a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them +demolish: raze; destroy; do away with completely; put an end to +demolition: act of overthrowing, pulling down, or destroying +demonstrate: show clearly and deliberately; manifest; confirm; prove +demonstration: proof; act of showing or making evident +denial: act of refusing or disowning; negation; refusal to admit the truth; refusal to grant; rejection of a request +denomination: class, society, or collection of individuals called by the same name; specifically, a religious sect +denote: indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically +denounce: condemn openly; criticize; make known in formal manner +dense: thick; crowded closely together; compact +density: thickness; quantity of something per unit measure, especially per unit length, area, or volume +dent: cavity; a depression scratched or carved into a surface +dentist: a person qualified to practice dentistry +deny: disagree with; refuse; declare untrue +depart: take off; leave; set out +departure: act of departing +dependable: reliable; worthy of being depended on; trustworthy +dependence: reliance; lack of independence or self-sufficiency +dependent: relying on or requiring the aid of another for support +depict: represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe +deplete: decrease fullness of; use up or empty out +deposit: money given as a guarantee or security +deposition: testimony under oath; act of depositing, especially laying down of matter by natural process +depreciate: lessen price or value of; think or speak of as being of little worth; belittledepreciation: devaluation; decrease in price or value +depress: lower in spirits; press down +depressed: sad; gloomy; low in spirits; dejected +depression: recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits +deprive: deny; take away +deputy: one appointed as the substitute of another, and empowered to act for him; substitute in office +derive: obtain or receive from a source; trace the origin or development of +descend: move downward and lower; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood +descendant: offspring; person considered as descended from some ancestor or race +descent: ancestry; origin; the descendants of one individual; drop; fall; a movement downward +description: act of describing; sketch or account of anything in words +desert: area with little or no vegetation; forsake; abandon +deserve: be worthy of; have a right to +design: act of working out the form of something; creation of something in the mind; formulate a plan for +designate: indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to +desirable: worthwhile; worth doing or achieving; advisable +desire: anything which is longing for +desolate: unpopulated; providing no shelter or sustenance; devoid of inhabitants +despair: loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency +desperate: having lost all hope; dangerous; extremely intense +despise: dislike intensely; regard with contempt or scorn +despite: lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred +dessert: a dish served as the last course of meal +destination: ultimate goal; place to which one is going or directed +destine: decree or designate beforehand; fate +destiny: event that will inevitably happen in the futuredestruction: havoc; event that completely destroys something +destructive: devastating; ruinous +detach: part; separate or disunite; disengage +detain: keep back or from; withhold; restrain from proceeding; stay or stop; delay +detect: feel; discover the presence of; identify +detection: act of detecting; being open what was concealed or hidden; discovery +detective: investigator; one, usually of police force, who investigates crimes and obtains evidence +deteriorate: become worse; decline +determination: act of making or arriving at a decision; putting an end to; termination +determine: fix the boundaries of; mark off and separate; set bounds to; decide conclusively and authoritatively +detour: a turning; circuitous route; deviation from a direct course +detriment: harm; damage; injury; something that causes damage, harm, or loss +detrimental: causing damage or harm; injurious +deviate: turn away from a principle, norm; depart; diverge +device: technique or means; instrument; machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks +devise: form, plan, or arrange in the mind; transmit or give by will +devote: dedicate; contribute +devotion: faithfulness; ardent, often selfless affection and dedication +devour: consume; eat greedily; destroy completely +diagnose: analyze; examine; identify +diagnosis: art of identifying disease; critical analysis of nature of something +diagram: graph; chart; figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement; plan +dialect: vocabulary that is for a specific group of people +diameter: length of straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference +dictate: prescribe; rule as a dictator +dictator: one who dictates; one who prescribes rules and maxims authoritatively for the direction of others. 0 +diction: choice and use of words in speech or writing +diet: nutritional plan; nourishment; a prescribed selection of foods +differ: be or stand apart; disagree; be unlike; be distinguished +digest: break down; make more concise; convert food into absorbable substances +digestion: process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body +digital: of or performance to fingers, or to digits; done with the fingers +dignity: quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect. +diligent: assiduous; industrious; hard-working +dilute: weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water +dim: emitting only a small amount of light; lacking in brightness +dime: a United States coin worth one tenth of a dollar +dimension: measure of spatial extent, especially width, height, or length; size; aspect; element +dimensional: of or relating to dimensions +diminish: dwindle; reduce; make smaller or less or to cause to appear so +dine: eat principal regular meal of the day; take dinner; give a dinner to +dingy: darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored +dip: insert into a fluid and withdraw again; immerse for baptism; wet, as if by immersing; moisten; appear to move downward +diploma: document certifying the successful completion of a course of study +diplomacy: tact; politics; negotiation between nations +diplomat: one who uses skill and tact in dealing with others, such as an ambassador, who has been appointed to represent a government in its relations with other governments +diplomatic: relating to diplomacy; marked by tact and sensitivity in dealing with others +disable: deprive of capability or effectiveness; unable; impair; diminish +disadvantage: drawback; defect; hinder; unfavorable condition or circumstance +disappointment: feeling of dissatisfaction +disapproval: a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing +disaster: catastrophe; misfortunedisastrous: extremely bad; terrible; dreadful +disc: flat round plate; circular structure either in plants or animals +discard: throw out something from one's hand; get rid of +discern: detect; perceive +discharge: relieve of a burden or of contents; unload; pour forth or release; complete or carry out; give off +discipline: trait of being well behaved ; act of punishing ; system of rules of conduct or method of practice +disclose: unclose; open; remove a cover or envelope from; lay open or expose to view +discomfort: distress; uneasiness; mental or bodily distress +discount: give reduction in price on +discourage: depress; take away hope from +discourse: formal, lengthy discussion of a subject; verbal exchange; conversation +discreet: free from ostentation or pretension; distinct; distinguishable +discrepancy: lack of consistency; difference +discretion: knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; trait of judging wisely and objectively +discriminate: make a clear distinction; distinguish; make sensible decisions; judge wisely +disdain: view with scorn or contempt; feel with aversion +disgrace: state of dishonor; bring shame or dishonor upon +disguise: dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception +disgust: strong feelings of dislike; offend the taste or moral sense of +disinclined: not inclined; having a disinclination; being unwilling +disinfectant: substance which kills germs or viruses; agent for removing the causes of infection, as chlorine +dismal: causing gloom or depression; dreary; somber; melancholy +dismay: destroy courage or resolution by exciting dread; cause to lose enthusiasm +dismiss: stop considering; end employment or service of; discharge; refuse to accept or recognize +disorder: neglect of order or system; irregularity; disturbance; sickness +disparity: difference; condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degreedispatch: act of sending off something; property of being prompt and efficient; message usually sent in haste +dispel: scatter; drive away; cause to vanish +dispense: distribute; prepare and give out; deal out in parts or portions +disperse: move away from each other; cause to separate; cause to become widely known +displace: move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland +displacement: act of removing from office or employment +display: exhibit; present or hold up to view; show; demonstrate; give evidence of; manifest +dispose: get rid of; settle or decide a matter; place or set in a particular order; arrange +disposed: prepared; inclined; be ready; being particular condition of body or of health +disposition: natural or acquired habit with tendency; act or means of getting rid of something +dispute: argument; angry altercation; quarrel; verbal controversy; debate +disregard: ignore; discount; take no notice of +dissimilar: different; unlike +dissipate: spend or expend wastefully; vanish by dispersion; drive away; disperse +dissolve: melt; liquefy; cause to pass into solution; cause to disappear or vanish +distance: space between two objects; length of a line, especially the shortest line joining two points or things that are separate +distant: far in space or time; cold in manner +distinct: definite; separate; different +distinction: excellence or eminence; note or mark of difference +distinctly: clear to the mind; in a distinct way +distinguish: characterize; differentiate; recognize +distinguished: prominent; celebrated, well-known or eminent because of past achievements +distort: twist out of proper or natural relation of parts; misshape; misrepresent +distortion: mistake of misrepresenting the facts +distract: cause to turn away from original focus; pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle +distraction: extreme mental or emotional disturbance; obsession; confusion of affairs; being drawn +apartdistress: discomfort; cause strain, anxiety, or suffering to +distribute: hand out; disseminate; allocate +distribution: act of distributing or spreading or apportioning +district: region; territory within which the lord has the power of coercing and punishing; division of territory +disturb: upset; bother; trouble emotionally or mentally; put out of order; disarrange +disturbance: disorder; turmoil; mental or emotional unbalance or disorder +ditch: trench made in the earth by digging; any long, narrow receptacle for water on the surface of the earth +dive: plunge, especially headfirst, into water; plummet +diver: one who works underwater +diverge: vary; go in different directions from the same point +divergence: difference; deviation; separation; the act of moving away in different direction +diverse: differing in some characteristics; various +diversion: act of turning aside; pastime; activity that relaxes or entertains +diversity: point or respect in which things differ; difference +divert: distract; withdraw money and move into a different location +divide: sever into two or more parts or pieces; separate into parts; cause to be separate +divine: perceive intuitively; foresee future; have nature of or being a deity +division: act or process of diving anything into parts; state of being divided; separation +divorce: end a marriage; legal dissolution of a marriage +dizzy: having or causing a whirling sensation +dock: deprive someone of benefits; remove or shorten the tail of an animal +doctrine: principles presented for belief, as by religious; principle of law; act of teaching; instruction +document: provide written evidence; record in detail +documentary: film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event; of or derived from documents +documentation: confirmation that some fact or statement is true +dodge: avoid a blow by moving or shifting quickly aside; shifty or ingenious trickdoll: small toy with human figure, normally for little child +domain: field; territory over which rule or control is exercised; networked computers that share a common address +dome: building or house, especially as great hall, church, or temple; anything shaped like cupola +domestic: house-hold; of or relating to the home ; within the country or home +dominant: major; important; outweighing +dominate: monopolize; command; rule; prevail; be prevalent in +donate: grant; present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute +donation: grant; act of giving to a fund or cause +doom: judgment; judicial sentence; penal decree; condemnation +dormitory: a college or university building for student living; a large bedroom where several people sleep +dose: quantity of medicine given; sufficient quantity; portion +dot: the shorter of two telegraphic signals used in Morse code; very small circular shape +doubt: being in uncertainty as to belief respecting anything +doubtful: distrustful; skeptical; full of doubt; having doubt; not settled in opinion +doubtless: free from fear or suspicion +downtown: commercial center of a town or city +doze: slumber; sleep lightly; be in dull or stupefied condition, as if half asleep; be drowsy +draft: rough outline; draw up an outline; sketch +drag: move or bring by force or with great effort +drain: draw out; flow out; waste +drainage: emptying accomplished by draining; gradual flowing off, as of a liquid +drama: play; literary work intended for theater +dramatic: striking; sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect +dramatize: represent something in a dramatic manner; add details to +drastic: radical; taking effect violently or rapidly +draw: cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the thing moved; pull along; haul; +dragdrawback: disadvantage or inconvenience; shortcoming; refund or remittance, such as a discount on duties or taxes +drawer: boxlike container in a piece of furniture, made so as to slide in and out +drawing: creation of artistic drawings +dread: fearful or distasteful anticipation; terror; horror +dreadful: very unpleasant; distasteful or shocking +dreary: gloomy; dismal; dark, colorless, or cheerless +drench: cause to drink, especially by force; put potion down throat of; steep in moisture; wet thoroughly +drift: float; moving aimlessly; wander +drill: bore; pierce; make a hole; practice; train +drip: process of falling in drops; liquid or moisture that falls in drops; sound made by liquid falling in drops +drought: dry period; aridity; long period of abnormally low rainfall +drown: kill by submerging and suffocating in water; overwhelm in water; deaden one's awareness of +dubious: questionable; filled with doubt +due: owed and payable immediately or on demand; proper and appropriate; fitting +dull: lacking responsiveness or alertness; intellectually weak or obtuse +duly: as it ought to be; properly; regularly +dumb: mute; lacking the power of speech +dump: sell at artificially low prices; throw away as refuse +duplicate: one that corresponds exactly to another, especially an original; identical copy; facsimile +durable: lasting; long-lasting; enduring +duration: length of time something lasts +dwarf: cause to seem small; check natural growth or development of +dwell: live as a resident; exist in a given place or state +dweller: a person who inhabits a particular place +dwelling: residence; place to live in; abode +dye: substance used to color materialsdynamic: energetic; vigorously active E +eager: avid; enthusiastic +earnest: seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness +earthquake: quake from underground; disturbance that is extremely disruptive; temblor +ease: satisfaction; pleasure; entertainment; freedom from care +eccentric: departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern +eccentricity: oddity; departure from that which is stated, regular, or usual; deviation from center +echo: sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear; repetition of a sound +eclipse: darken; exceed in importance; outweigh +ecology: science of the relationships between organisms and their environments +economic: pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap +economical: thrifty; saving; using the minimum of time or resources necessary for effectiveness +economics: branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management +economize: save money or resource; cut back; be thrifty +economy: efficient use of resources; reduction in cost; specific type of economic system +ecstasy: intense joy or delight; any overpowering emotion +edge: brink; perimeter; margin +edit: revise and prepare for publication; select, correct, arrange matter of, for publication +edition: whole number of copies of a work printed and published; single copy; act of editing +editorial: of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor +education: act or process of educating; the result of educating +effective: efficient; productive; producing a strong impression or response +effectiveness: efficiency; quality of being effectiveefficiency: effectiveness; quality or property of being efficient; ratio of useful output to the total input in any system +efficient: effective; acting directly to produce an effect; exhibiting a high ratio of output to input +effort: exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object +eject: put out or expel from a place; discharge +elaborate: marked by complexity and richness of detail; done with care and in minute detail +elaboration: production by gradual process; act of working out with great care in detail +elapse: slip or glide away; pass away silently +elastic: springing back; having the power of rebounding; able to return quickly to a former state or condition +elasticity: tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed +elbow: hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm +election: voting; balloting; right or ability to make a choice +electrical: pertaining to electricity; electric +electrician: one whose occupation is the installation, maintenance, repair, or operation of electric equipment and circuitry +electron: elementary particle with negative charge +electronic: of or pertaining to an electron or electrons. +electronics: branch of physics that deals with the behavior of electrons; electronic devices +elegance: refined quality of gracefulness and good taste +elegant: refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style +element: fundamental or essential constituent of a composite entity; basic assumptions or principles of a subject +elementary: basic; fundamental +elevate: raise; give a promotion to or assign to a higher position +elevation: altitude; height +elevator: lifting device consisting of a platform or cage +eliminate: eradicate; abolish; rule out +elimination: act of removing or getting rid of somethingellipsis: omission of words from text; mark or series of marks used in writing to indicate omission +elliptical: rounded like an egg; in a shape reminding of an ellipse; oval +eloquence: powerful and effective language; persuasive speech +eloquent: vividly or movingly expressive; persuasive +elusive: difficult to describe; difficult to detect or grasp by mind +emancipate: free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate +emancipation: freeing someone from the control of another +embargo: ban on commerce or other activity +embark: commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey +embarrass: humiliate; shame; cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease; disconcert +embassy: diplomatic building where ambassadors live or work; diplomatic representatives headed by an ambassador +embody: give a bodily form to; represent in bodily or material form; incorporate +embrace: hug; adopt or espouse; accept readily; hold close with the arms, usually as an expression of affection +embroider: decorate with needlework; add details to +embroidery: elaboration by the use of decorative detail; ornamentation of fabric with needlework +emerge: come into prominence; spring up; appear +emergency: sudden unforeseen crisis; condition of urgent need for action or assistance +emigrant: someone who leaves one country to settle in another +emigrate: remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose of residence; migrate from home +eminent: standing out above other things; high in rank, office, or worth +emission: radiation; discharge; act of emitting +emit: give off; send out; give out as sound +emotion: feeling; mood; state of mental agitation or disturbance +emotional: sentimental; passionate; excitable; easily moved +emphasis: special attention or effort directed toward something; stress +emphasize: stress; underscore; utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice 0 +empirical: derived from experiment and observation rather than theory +employ: engage the services of; put to work; apply +employee: worker; person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation +employer: a person or firm that employs workers +employment: act of employing or using +empty: containing nothing; not holding or having anything within; void of contents or appropriate contents +enable: supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able; make feasible or possible +enchant: charm by sorcery; get control of by magical words and rites +encircle: form a circle about; inclose within a circle or ring; surround +enclose: include; surround on all sides; close in +enclosure: place where animals are kept +encounter: face; confront; meet, especially unexpectedly; come upon +encourage: activate; stimulate +endanger: threaten; jeopardize; do something that may damage it or destroy it +endeavor: attempt by employing effort +endless: without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable +endorse: acknowledge by signing a bill, draft, or other instrument +endorsement: act of endorsing; support; formal and explicit approval; signature that validates something +endow: grant; award; give qualities or abilities to +endurance: perseverance; state or fact of persevering; continuing existence +endure: tolerate; carry on through, despite hardships +energetic: active; brisk; vigorous +energy: exertion of force; capacity for work or vigorous activity; usable heat or power +enforce: put force upon; force; constrain; compel; put in motion or action by violence +engage: obtain for services of; arrange for the use of; pledge or promise, especially to marry +engagement: act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering into contest; state of being +in gearengrave: carve or cut into a block or surface, as used for printing; impress deeply as if by carving +engraving: practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it +engulf: absorb or swallow up as in a gulf; flow over or cover completely +enhance: make better or more attractive; increase; improve +enhancement: act of increasing, or state of being increased; augmentation; aggravation +enlighten: supply with light; illuminate, as the sun enlightens the earth; make clear to the intellect or conscience +enormous: very great in size, extent, number, or degrees; huge; massive +enquire: seek information by asking a question +enquiry: search for knowledge +enrich: make rich; richen; improve +enroll: insert in a roil; register or enter in list or catalogue; insert in records; enlist +enrolment: act of enrolling; specifically, the registering, recording, or entering +ensure: make sure or certain; insure; assure +entail: imply or require; cause to ensue or accrue; cut or carve in ornamental way +enterprise: company; firm; organization created for business ventures +entertain: amuse; host +entertainment: amusement; fun +enthusiasm: great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause; feeling of excitement +enthusiastic: having or showing great excitement and interest +entitle: give right to; authorize; furnish with a right or claim to something; designate; give title to +entrance: fill with delight or wonder; put into a trance; attract +entreat: plead; make earnest request of; ask for earnestly +entrust: give over something to another for care, protection, or performance; give as a trust to someone; +entry: admission; entrance; item inserted in a written record +enumerate: list each one; mention one by one +envelop: enclose or encase completely with or as if with a covering +environment: surroundings; totality of surrounding conditionsenvy: malice; ill will; discontent or uneasiness at another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied with hatred +epidemic: outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely; widely prevalent +episode: a brief section of a literary or dramatic work that forms part of a connected series +epoch: particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable +equal: having the same quantity, measure, or value as another; identical +equality: state or quality of being equal +equation: making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium +equator: the imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the two poles, and dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres +equilibrium: mental or emotional balance; state of balance of any causes, powers, or motives +equip: supply with necessities such as tools or provisions; furnish with the qualities necessary for performance +equipment: apparatus +equivalent: interchangeable; comparable; equal, as in value, force, or meaning +eradicate: completely destroy; eliminate; exterminate +erase: rub letters or characters written, engraved, or painted +erect: construct; stand; set up +erosion: corrosion; a gradual decline of something +errand: short trip taken to perform a specified task; mission; embassy +erupt: explode; burst out; become violently active +eruption: outbreak; sudden, often violent outburst +escalator: stairway whose steps move continuously on a circulating belt +escape: act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil +escort: one who conducts someone as attendant; guard; protection, care, or safeguard on a journey +essay: effort made for performance of anything; short literary composition on a single subject +essence: most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience +essential: necessary; critical; vital; constituting or being part of the essence of somethingestablish: set up or found; build +establishment: act of establishing; ratifying or ordaining; settlement; arranged order or system, especially a legal code +estate: extensive landed property; everything you own; all of your assets +esteem: regard with respect; favorable regard +estimate: judge to be probable; form an opinion about; evaluate +eternal: forever; being without beginning or end; existing outside of time; infinite +evaluate: judge; examine and judge carefully; appraise +evaporate: vaporize; disappear; change into a vapor +evaporation: process of extracting moisture +eventful: busy; momentous; full of events or incidents +eventually: ultimately; in the final result or issue; in the end +everlasting: continuing forever or indefinitely +evidence: something which makes evident or manifest; any mode of proof +evident: easily seen or understood; obvious; apparent; clear +evolution: development; progression +evolve: develop; grow +exact: precisely agreeing with standard, fact, or truth; perfectly conforming +exaggerate: represent as greater than is actually the case; overstate; magnify; do something to an excessive degree +exaggeration: overstatement; act of making something more noticeable than usual +exalt: raise in rank or dignity; praise +exalted: superior; elevated in rank, character, or status; of high moral or intellectual value +exasperate: make worse; irritate; make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly +exceed: go beyond; be or do something to a greater degree +exceedingly: in a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly +excel: be superior; distinguish oneself +excellent: surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in +a good senseexception: instance that does not conform to a rule +exceptional: extraordinary; unusual; well above average +excess: amount or quantity beyond what is normal or sufficient; surplus +excessive: extreme; inordinate; too much +exchange: substitute; trade in; give in return for something received +excite: arouse +excitement: state of being emotionally aroused +exciting: creating or producing excitement +exclaim: cry out suddenly, as from surprise or emotion +exclude: leave out of; keep out of; reject +exclusion: rejection; act of excluding or shutting out +exclusive: not divided or shared with others; excluding much or all; not allowing something else +exclusively: without any others being included or involved; purely; strictly +excursion: trip; usually short journey made for pleasure +excuse: free from blame; clear from guilt; release from a charge; forgive entirely +execute: put into effect; carry out the legalities of +execution: accomplishment; putting into practice; putting a person to death +executive: role of government which makes sure that laws are carried out; administrator +exemplify: serve as an example of; embody +exempt: not subject to duty or obligation; not subject to taxation +exert: cause; apply; exercise +exertion: effort; expenditure of much physical work +exhaust: gases ejected from an engine as waste products ; use up the whole supply of +exhausted: depleted; tired +exhaustion: act of draining out or draining off; act of emptying completely of the contents; state of being exhausted or emptied +exhaustive: treating all parts or aspects without omission; comprehensive +exhibit: show, make visible or apparentexhibition: exposition; presentation; large-scale public showing +exile: force separation from one's native country +exit: passage or way out; act of going away or out +exonerate: acquit; free from blame; discharge from duty +expand: become larger in size or volume; grow stronger; add details +expansion: growth; extent or amount by which something has expanded +expedient: suitable; appropriate to a purpose; serving to promote your interest +expedite: process fast and efficiently; execute quickly and efficiently +expedition: journey organized for a particular purpose +expel: oust; discharge; force or drive out +expend: lay out, apply, or employ in any way; consume by use; use up or distribute, either in payment or in donations; spend +expenditure: payment or expense; output +expert: person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject +expertise: specialized knowledge; expert skill +expiration: act of coming to a close; termination; act of breathing out; exhalation +expire: come to an end; terminate; lose validity; breathe one's last breath; die +explicit: precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken +explode: erupt; blow up; burst violently as a result of internal pressure +exploit: make use of, sometimes unjustly +exploitation: unfair use of someone’s work giving little in return +exploration: travel for the purpose of discovery +explore: investigate systematically; examine; search +explorer: someone who travels into little known regions +explosive: tending or serving to sudden outburst; sudden and loud +export: sell or transfer abroad +expose: set forth; set out to public view +exposition: exhibition; part of a play that provides the background information; opening section of a +fugueexposure: risk, particularly of being exposed to disease; unmasking; act of laying something open +expressive: demonstrative; indicative +expressly: particularly; specifically; in an explicit manner +exquisite: excellent; flawless; acutely perceptive or discriminating +extend: open or straighten something out; unbend; prolong +extension: supplement; act of extending or the condition of being extended +extensive: widespread; far-reaching; wide +extent: extensive space or area; distance or area over which something extends +exterior: outside; external or outward appearance +external: exterior; outer; suitable for application to the outside +extinct: no longer existing or living; vanished; dead +extinction: death of all its remaining members +extinguish: quench; put out, as a light or fire; cause to die out; put an end to; destroy +extra: something additional of the same kind +extract: draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles +extraordinary: exceptional; remarkable; beyond what is ordinary or usual +extravagant: wandering beyond one's bounds; exceeding due bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained +extreme: outermost; utmost; farthest; most remote; at the widest limit +eye: small hole or loop; good discernment; organ of vision or of light sensitivity F +fabric: cloth; stuff; artifact made by weaving or synthetic fibers; structure; framework +fabricate: build; put together out of components or parts +face: confront; encounter; be opposite +facilitate: help bring about; make less difficult +facility: service, space, and equipment provided for a particular purpose +faction: a party of persons having a common end in view +factor: anything that contributes causally to a result; element; variable +fade: disappear; die out; lose color; lose freshness +faint: lacking strength or vigor ; weak +fairly: in fair manner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly +fairy: enchantment; illusion; imaginary supernatural being or spirit +faith: loyalty or allegiance to a cause or a person; complete confidence +faithful: believer; follower +fake: imitation; counterfeit; having a false or misleading appearance +fall: drop; sink; lose an upright position suddenly; decrease in size, extent, or range +fame: favorable public reputation; great renown +familiar: well known or easily recognized +familiarity: state of being familiar; intimate and frequent converse, or association; unconstrained intercourse; freedom from ceremony and constraint; intimacy +famine: shortage of food; starvation +fanatic: person who is zealously enthusiastic for some cause; showing evidence of possession by a god or demon +fancy: capricious notion; something many people believe that is false +fantastic: excellent; extraordinary; strange in form, conception, or appearancefare: food and drink; diet; transportation charge; a paying passenger +farewell: acknowledgment at parting; goodbye; act of departing or taking leave +fascinate: cause to be interested or curious; captivate +fascination: capacity to attract intense interest +fashion: style, shape, appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model +fashionable: conforming to the current style; being or in accordance with current fashion +fasten: attach; affix +fatal: causing death +fathom: measure the depth; come to understand +fatigue: physical or mental weariness; exhaustion +fault: crack; a crack in the earth; defect; flaw; a wrong action +favorable: approving or pleasing; granting what has been desired or requested +feasible: capable of being accomplished or brought about +feast: a festival or holiday; festive or joyous meal; something highly agreeable; entertainment +feat: achievement; accomplishment +feature: prominent aspect of something +federal: of or relating to central government; national +federation: uniting in a league; confederation; league +fee: give a tip beyond the agreed-on compensation +feeble: lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; faint; frail +feed: give food to; supply with nourishment +feedback: response to an inquiry or experiment +fell: capable of destroying; lethal +fellowship: state or relation of being or associate; companionship of persons on equal and friendly terms; state of being together +female: for or composed of women or girls +ferocious: fierce; savage; wild; indicating cruelty +ferry: shuttle; transport by boat or aircraftfertile: rich; fruitful; inventive; creative; intellectually productive +fertilizer: any substance used to make soil more fertile +fervent: extremely hot; sincerely or intensely felt +festival: a day or period of time for feasting and celebration +fetch: take away or remove; reduce; go or come after and bring or take back +feud: bitter quarrel between two parties +fiber: slender, elongated, threadlike object or structure; material to make paper or cloth +fiction: story; imaginative creation; literary work whose content is produced by imagination +fictional: imaginary; invented, as opposed to real +fierce: ferocious; savage; extremely severe or violent; terrible +fig: small fruit tree with large leaves, known from the remotest antiquity +figurative: not literal, but metaphorical; using figure of speech +figure: model of a bodily form; impression produced by a person; written or printed symbol representing a number +file: line; proceed in line +filter: strain; pass liquid or gas through device that blocks some matter by particular criterion +filth: foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt; corruption; pollution +filthy: nasty; dirty; polluted; foul; impure +final: forming or occurring at the end; terminating; ultimate; conclusive +finance: management of money and credit and banking and investments; subsidizing; fund +financial: monetary; pertaining or relating to money matters +financing: subsidy; transaction that provides funds for a business +finite: having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity; bounded +fir: any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies +firm: hard; solid; resolute; determined +fishery: business or practice of catching fish; fishing; a place for catching fish; the right to take fish at a certain place +fist: hand with the fingers doubled into the palm; closed hand +fit: be the right size or shape; conform to some shape or size 0 +fitness: health; vigor; state or condition of being fit; suitability or appropriateness +fitting: small accessory to a larger system; small detachable part for a machine or apparatus; act of trying on clothes +fixed: firmly in position; stationary +fixture: commonplace object; object firmly fixed in place +flag: become less intense; sink, or settle from pressure +flake: flat thin piece or layer; chip; small piece; small crystalline bit of snow +flame: stream of burning vapor or gas, emitting light and heat; passion of love +flap: flat, usually thin piece attached at only one side; act of waving or fluttering; blow given with something flat; slap +flare: sudden outburst of emotion; glare; shine; shine with sudden light +flash: emit a brief burst of light; appear briefly; sudden intense burst of radiant energy +flask: a small bottle-shaped vessel for holding fluids; narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass +flatter: compliment someone, often insincerely and sometimes to win favor; enhance someone's vanity by praising them +flavor: distinctive taste; quality produced by the sensation of taste +flaw: crack or breach; gap or fissure; defect; fault; sudden burst of noise and disorder +flee: run away, as from danger or evil; avoid in alarmed or cowardly manner +fleece: rob; strip of money or other property unjustly, especially by trickery or fraud; ask unreasonable price +fleet: a group of steamships under the same ownership; a group of vessels or vehicles +flesh: soft tissue of body, mainly muscle and fat; substance; reality; surface or skin of human body; meat of animals +flexibility: quality of being adaptable or variable +flexible: pliant; elastic; capable of being bent or flexed; pliable +flicker: flutter; flap the wings without flying; waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air +fling: throw with force or recklessness; throw or cast away; move in an abrupt +float: drift along; make the surface of level or smooth; move lightly +flock: group; herd; crowd; gather; crowd; throng +flour: fine powdery foodstuff; soft, fine powderflourish: grow well; decorate with ornaments; be in a period of productivity +fluctuate: rise and fall in or as if in waves; shift; vary irregularly +fluctuation: a wave motion +fluency: quality of smoothness of flow; quality of being fluent in language +fluent: easy and graceful in shape; graceful; smooth and unconstrained in movement +flush: turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong emotion; glow, especially with a reddish color; flow suddenly +flutter: vibrate or move quickly; drive in disorder; throw into confusion +flux: flowing; series of changes; state of being liquid through heat +foam: white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids +focus: most important thing; a fixed reference point; center of interest or activity +fodder: coarse food for cattle or horses +foe: enemy; one who entertains hatred, grudge; adversary +fog: droplets of water vapor suspended in air near ground ; haze +foggy: obscured by fog; indistinct or hazy in outline +fold: make something double; bend or lay so that one part covers the other +foliage: masses of leaves; a cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches +foolish: marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect; without judgment +forbid: not allow; prohibit; prevent +forecast: prediction about how something will develop, as for weather +forefather: ancestor; forebear +foremost: leading; main; primary; first in time or place +foresee: anticipate; predict +foretell: tell of or indicate beforehand; predict +forge: workplace where metal is worked by heating and hammering +forgery: act of forging, especially the illegal production of something counterfeit +forgive: give wholly; cease to feel resentment against; excuse for a fault or an offense; give up; +resignformal: official; executed, carried out, or done in proper or regular form +formality: quality or condition of being formal; something done just for form's sake +format: pattern; design; set into a specific pattern +formation: configuration; pattern +former: preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier +formerly: previously;at an earlier time; once +formidable: arousing fear; threatening; difficult to undertake or defeat +formula: plan; directions for making something; a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement +formulate: decide upon and express in words +forsake: leave someone who needs or counts on you +fort: a fortified defensive structure; permanent army post +forthcoming: ready or about to appear; making appearance +fortitude: bravery; force; power to attack or to resist attack +fortnight: a period of fourteen consecutive days +fortress: fort; castle; fortified place, especially a large military stronghold, often includes a town +fortunate: lucky; bringing something good and unforeseen +fortune: arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance; accident; luck +forum: place to discuss public concerns; meeting or medium for open discussion +forward: at or to or toward the front; toward the future +fossil: remnant; remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age +foster: rear; promote the growth of; help develop +foul: act that violates of the rules of a sport +found: establish or set up, especially with provision for continuing existence; melt metal and pour into a mold +foundation: basis on which something is grounded +founder: person who establishes an organization, business +fountain: spring of water issuing from the earth; artificially produced jet or stream of waterfraction: segment; fragment; a small proportion of +fracture: break into pieces; crack; destroy; violate or abuse +fragile: easy to destroy, delicate, not strong +fragment: small part broken off or detached; fraction +fragrance: scent; aroma; distinctive odor that is pleasant +fragrant: pleasant-smelling; odorous +frail: physically weak; easily broken +frame: structure that gives shape or support; closed, often rectangular border of drawn or printed lines +framework: fundamental structure, as for a written work; skeleton +franchise: right granted by authority; right to vote; business licensed to sell a product in particular area +frank: honest; sincere; open and sincere in expression; straightforward +freight: transport commercially as cargo; load with goods; goods carried by a large vehicle +fret: cause to be uneasy; wear away +friction: clash in opinion; rubbing against; conflict +frightening: inspiring with fear; causing fear; of capable of causing fear; scary +fringe: margin; periphery; decorative border of hanging threads, cords, or strips, often attached to a separate band +frontier: part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; border, confine, or extreme part of a country +frost: ice crystal; weather cold enough to cause freezing; provide with a rough surface or appearance +frown: look angry; wrinkle one's forehead; regard something with disapproval or distaste +frugal: sparing; economical; costing little; inexpensive +fruitful: productive; fertile; producing results; profitable +frustrate: make null; bring to nothing; prevent from taking effect or attaining fulfillment +frustration: disappointment; failure; act of frustrating +fuel: substance that can be consumed to produce energy +fulfil: fill full; fill to the utmost capacity, as a vessel, a room +full: filled to satisfaction with food or drink; containing as much or as many as is possible or normalfumble: feel or grope about; make awkward attempts to do or find something; play childishly; \turn over and over +function: act of executing or performing any duty; assigned duty or activity +functional: useful; in good working order +fund: money; capital; a reserve of money set aside for some purpose; finance; subsidize +fundamental: relating to foundation or base; elementary; primary; essential +funeral: ceremony held in connection with burial; burial procession accompanying body to grave; end of existence +furious: extreme anger; raging; full of activity; energetic or rapid +furnace: enclosed place in which heat is produced; place or time of punishment or great trial +furnish: provide; supply; equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for +furniture: movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working +furrow: trench in the earth made by a plow; any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; wrinkle on the face +further: get greater distance; make more in advance +furthermore: in addition; moreover +fury: violent anger; rage; uncontrolled action; turbulence +fuse: combine; blend; become plastic or fluid or liquefied from heat +fuss: angry disturbance; excited state of agitation; needlessly nervous or useless activity; protest; quarrel +fussy: easily upset; given to bouts of ill temper; full of superfluous details G +gale: very strong wind; gust of wind; emotional outburst as laughter or tears +gallery: long usually narrow room ; covered corridor +gallop: move or run rapidly or carelessly, as by a quadruped, particularly by a horse lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds +gamble: play or game for money or other stake; lose or squander by gaming +gang: group of criminals who band together for mutual protection and profit; herd of buffalo or elk +gaol: place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment +gap: opening through mountains; pass; conspicuous difference or imbalance +garbage: trash; worthless or nonsensical matter; food wastes +garment: any article of clothing, as coat or gown +gasoline: petrol; flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons +gauge: measuring instrument; measure; judge +gaze: fix the eyes in a steady and earnest look; look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment +gear: toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, to transmit motion or to change speed or direction +gem: precious stone; jewel; pearl or mineral that has been cut and polished for use as an ornament +generalization: an idea having general application; reasoning from detailed facts to general principles +generalize: reach conclusion; become systemic and spread throughout the body +generate: bring into being; give rise to; produce +generation: all offspring at same stage from common ancestor; interval of time between the birth of parents and their offspring +generator: one that generates, especially converts mechanical energy into electrical energy; apparatus that generates vapor +generosity: noble birth; quality of being noble; noble-mindedness; liberality in giving +generous: more than adequate; willing to give and share unstintinglygenius: exceptional creative ability; unusual mental ability; someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field +gentle: well-born; of a good family or respectable birth; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender +genuine: authentic; real; true +geology: science which treats the structure and mineral constitution of the globe +geometry: mathematics of the properties, measurement, and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids +germ: bacteria; earliest form of an organism; seed +gesture: motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling +giant: person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual +gigantic: exceedingly large; huge; very large or extensive +giggle: laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; laugh in light, affected, or silly manner +ginger: plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies +glare: light; brightness; fierce or angry stare +glassware: an article of tableware made of glass +gleam: cause to emit a flash of light +glide: slide; move in a smooth, effortless manner +glimpse: glance; a quick look ; see briefly; a brief or incomplete view +glisten: sparkle or shine, especially shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; emit a soft, scintillating light; gleam +glitter: bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy +global: worldwide; international; having the shape of a globe +globe: body with the shape of a sphere, especially a representation of the earth in the form of a hollow ball +gloom: partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove; cloudiness or heaviness of mind +gloomy: imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim; clouded +glorify: cause to seem more splendid; beautify +glorious: having or deserving glory; famous; characterized by great beauty and splendor; +magnificent; wonderfulglossary: brief explanation of words, often placed at back of book +glow: shine with an intense or white heat; give forth vivid light and heat; exhibit a strong, bright color +glue: be fixed as if by sticky substance; join or attach with or as if sticky substance +glut: fill beyond capacity, especially with food; swallow greedlly +gnaw: bite or chew on with the teeth +goal: end; objective; final purpose or aim +goat: any of various ruminant mammals, of the genus Capra, related to the sheep; scapegoat +gorge: stuff oneself; overeat; make a pig of oneself +gorgeous: dazzlingly beautiful; magnificent +gossip: rumor; malicious report about other people; light informal conversation for social occasions +govern: make and administer the public policy and affairs of +governor: head of a state government +gown: loose, flowing upper garment; ordinary outer dress of woman; official robe of certain professional men +grab: take or grasp suddenly; snatch; capture +grace: elegance and beauty of movement or expression; short prayer of thanks before a meal +graceful: elegant; showing grace of movement, form, or proportion +gracious: beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor +grade: step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing +gradual: proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive +graduate: one who has received an academicals or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study +grand: large and impressive in size, scope, or extent +granite: common, coarse-grained, light-colored, hard igneous rock consisting chiefly of quartz; unyielding endurance +grant: allow to have; give on the basis of merit; be willing to concede +graph: chart; a drawing illustrating the relations +grasp: grip; take hold of or seize firmly with or as if with the hand +grasshopper: terrestrial plant-eating insect; young student in initial stages of traininggrateful: thankful; appreciative of benefits received +gratify: give pleasure to; satisfy; indulge; make happy +gratis: free, without charge; costing nothing +gratitude: state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; thankfulness +grave: place for the burial; death or extinction +gravel: small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand +gravity: seriousness; solemn and dignified feeling; natural force between two massive bodies +graze: scrape gently; feed on growing grasses and herbage +grease: oil; fat; state of being covered with unclean things +greedy: wanting to get more than one can reasonably get +greenhouse: house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather +grief: pain of mind; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends; sorrow; sadness +grieve: cause to be sorrowful; distress +grim: unrelenting; rigid; dismal and gloomy; cold and forbidding +grin: act of withdrawing lips and showing teeth; broad smile +grind: crush; scrape; reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading +grip: hold fast or firmly; seize as in a wrestling match +groan: give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing +groove: long narrow furrow or channel; settled routine; very pleasurable experience +grope: search blindly or uncertainly; reach about uncertainly; feel one's way +gross: of huge size; excessively large; coarse; rough; not fine or delicate +ground: solid surface of the earth; bottom; lowest part +grove: group of trees smaller than a forest; orchard +growl: utter a deep guttural sound, as angry dog; give forth an angry, grumbling sound; emit low guttural sound +grudge: be unwilling or reluctant to give or admit; be envious; show discontent +grumble: utter or emit low dull rumbling soundsguarantee: pledge that something will happen or that something is true +guardian: one who guards, preserves, or secures; one who has, or is entitled to custody of person or property +guess: form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; judge of at random +guilt: state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right +guilty: deserving of blame; adjudged to have committed crime +gulf: an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay +gulp: swallow; utter or make a noise, as when swallowing too quickly +gust: blast; outburst +gutter: channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; eaves channel; eaves trough +gymnasium: place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics +gymnastics: sport that involves exercises intended to display strength and balance and agility 0 H +habit: established disposition of the mind or character; distinctive dress, especially of a religious order +haggard: wasted away; showing wearing effects of overwork or suffering +haggle: argue about prices; bargain, as over the price of something +hail: call for; salute; greet; praise vociferously +hairy: bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair +hallmark: sign; feature; mark indicating quality or excellence +halt: stop; stand in doubt; hesitate +ham: meat cut from the thigh of a hog, usually smoked +hamburger: a fried bread of minced beef served on a bun +hamper: put at disadvantage; prevent progress or free movement of +handbook: concise reference book providing specific information +handful: a small number +handicap: disadvantage; physical disability; cripple; hinder; impede +handle: touch; feel with the hand; use or hold with the hand; manage in using; deal with +handsome: skillful; handy; agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance; attractive +handy: convenient; close +hang: suspend; fasten to some elevated point without support from below; hold for support +hanger: one who hangs, or causes to be hanged; loop or strap by which something is hung +haphazard: not thorough, constant or consistent; by chance +harbor: provide a refuge for; hide; give shelter to +harden: become hard or harder +hardware: mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer +systemhardy: in robust and good health; able to survive under unfavorable conditions +harmful: damaging; noxious; detrimental; dangerous +harmless: unlikely to harm or disturb anyone +harmonious: concordant; accordant; suitable and fitting +harmony: compatibility in opinion and action; an agreeable sound property +harness: stable gear consisting of an arrangement to an animal so that it can be attached to and pull a cart +harsh: rough; coarse; severe; unpleasantly stern +harvest: gather; yield from plants in a single growing season +haste: hurry; rapidity of action or motion +hasten: accelerate; quicken +hasty: easily angered; irritable; made too quickly to be accurate or wise +hatch: breed; emerge from the egg +haughty: high; lofty; bold; arrogant; overbearing +haul: draw slowly or heavily; pull or drag forcibly; shift direction +haunt: be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place; bother; disturb +hawk: bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail +hay: grass or other plants, cut and dried for fodder +hazard: danger; risk +heading: course or direction in which a ship or aircraft is moving; title, subtitle, or topic that stands at the top or beginning +headlong: uncontrollably forceful or fast; done with head leading; headfirst +heal: cure; make or get healthy again +heap: crowd or throng; a great number of persons; pile or mass +hearing: opportunity to be heard; capacity to hear; judicial investigation of a suit at law +heave: cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; lift; raise; hoist; throw +heaven: expanse of space surrounding the earth; sky; place where the sun, moon, and stars appear +hedge: thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes +hedgehog: small European insectivore, and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines +heed: pay attention to; listen to and consider +heel: back part of the human foot; lower end of a ship's mast +heighten: enhance; hoist; raise or increase the quantity or degree of; intensify +heir: person who inherits some title or office +heiress: woman who is an heir, especially to great wealth +helicopter: aircraft without wings that obtains its lift from the rotation of overhead blades +hell: place of the dead, or of souls after death where sinners suffer eternal punishment; any place of pain and turmoil +helmet: defensive covering for head; hat, made of cork, felt, or metal, worn as uniform of soldiers, firemen +helpful: giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary +helpless: unable to help oneself; powerless or incompetent; powerless; weak +hemisphere: halves; half of a sphere bounded by a great circle +hence: from this place; from this time; from this reason; as an inference or deduction +henceforth: from this time forward; henceforward +herald: proclaim; announces important news; messenger +herb: plant lacking a permanent woody stem, some having medicinal properties +herd: flock; crowd; group of cattle or other domestic animals +hesitant: reluctant, irresolute; tending to wait, or proceed with caution or reservation +hesitate: pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness +hide: prevent from being seen or discovered +hideous: frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; offensive to moral sensibilities; despicable +hijack: stop and rob a vehicle in transit; seize control of by use of force +hike: long walk usually for exercise or pleasure +hinder: put at a disadvantage; tie up; hamper; prevent the progress +hindrance: something that holds back or causes problems with something else; obstacle +hinge: a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other +hint: allusion; clue; brief or indirect suggestionhinterland: region; remote and undeveloped area +hiss: prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth +historian: one who is an authority on history +historic: having importance or significance in history; belonging to the past; historical +hitchhike: travel by getting free rides from passing vehicles; be carried along with something else +hitherto: to this place; to a prescribed limit; up to this time; as yet; until now +hoarse: having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound +hobby: auxiliary activity; activity or interest pursued outside one's regular occupation +hoe: weed, cultivate, or dig up with a tool, which has flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle +hoist: raise; lift; elevate +hold: keep from departing; take and maintain control over; stop dealing with +hollow: sound as if echoing in a empty space; void; vain; not solid; having a space or gap or cavity +homely: of home; domestic; familiar; intimate; plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished +homesick: unhappy at being away and longing for familiar things or persons +hook: a piece of metal, or other hard material, bent into curve or at angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything +hop: move by successive leaps, as toads do; spring or jump on one foot +horizon: line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet; range of one's knowledge, experience, or interest +horizontal: flat; level; parallel to or in a base line +horn: one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates +horrible: exciting, or tending to horror or fear; hideous +horror: terror; fear; intense dislike +hose: a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas +hospitable: disposed to treat guests with warmth and generosity; receptive +hospitality: act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward +host: great number; person entertaining guestshostage: prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms +hostile: unfriendly; showing the disposition of an enemy +hound: a variety of domestic dog, having large, drooping ears; side bar used to strengthen portions of gear of a vehicle +house: provide living quarters for; lodge; contain; harbor +hover: hang about; wait nearby; remain floating +howl: utter a loud, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do; utter a sound expressive of distress; cry aloud and mournfully +hug: crowd together; keep close to; tight or amorous embrace +hull: outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; outer skin of a kernel; husk +hum: low, prolonged sound; humming noise; singing with shut mouth +humane: marked by kindness, mercy, or compassion +humanitarian: philanthropic; one devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reforms +humanity: kindness; virtue; all of the inhabitants of the earth +humble: low or inferior in station or quality; modest +humid: containing a high amount of water or water vapor +humidity: dampness; moisture +humiliate: cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of +humorous: employing or showing humor; funny; amusing +hunger: strong desire for something; feel the need to eat +hurl: throw with great force; cast; toss +husband: use economically; conserve; save +hush: make silent or quiet; keep from public knowledge; suppress mention of +hustle: bustle; cause to move furtively and hurriedly +hydrogen: a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas +hygiene: cleanliness; sanitation +hymn: song of praise or adoration, especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric +hypocrisy: act or practice of a hypocritehypothesis: assumption; theory +hypothetical: based on assumptions; supposed +hysteria: behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotion, such as fear or panic; mental disorder I +ideal: existing in idea or thought; conception; intellectual; mental; imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless +identical: duplicate; alike; being the exact same one +identification: act of designating or identifying something; condition of having your identity established +identify: detect; find out; discover +identity: exact sameness; distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity +idiom: expression whose meaning differs from meanings of its individual words; distinctive style +idiomatic: having the nature of an idiom; characteristic of a given language +idiot: foolish or stupid person; unlearned, ignorant, or simple person +idle: useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; given rest and ease; avoiding work or employment; lazy +idol: image used for worship; image of divinity; representation or symbol; false notion or conception +ignite: kindle; cause to start burning; set fire to +ignorance: lack of knowledge or education +ignorant: lacking education or knowledge; unaware +ignore: refuse to pay attention to; disregard; overlook; neglect +illegible: incapable of being read; unclear; not legible +illiterate: uncultured; uneducated; not able to read or write +illuminate: provide or brighten with light; clear up or make understandable; enlighten +illusion: misleading vision; being deceived by a false perception or belief +illusive: deceptive; misleading; based on or having the nature of an illusion +illustrate: represent; demonstrate; depict; clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons +illustration: picture; drawing; showing by example +image: visual representation; representation of a personimaginary: having existence only in the imagination; fanciful; visionary +imitate: copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic; use or follow as a model +imitation: emulation; copying the actions of someone else +immediate: not deferred by an interval of time; present; occurring at once; instant +immediately: proximately; directly; without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once +immense: enormous; boundless; so great as to be beyond measurement +immerse: plunge into anything, especially a fluid; sink; dip +immigrant: one who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there; non-native +immigrate: move into another country to stay there permanently +immigration: migration into a place; moving into a place +imminent: near at hand; close in time; about to occur +immoral: not moral; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest +immortal: not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever +impact: forceful consequence; strong effect; influencing strongly +impart: reveal or tell; grant a share of; bestow +impartial: not biased; fair; showing lack of favoritism +imperative: having power command or control; critically importance; some duty that is essential and urgent +implement: put into effect; supply with tools +implication: something hinted at or suggested; act of implying; condition of being implied +implore: beg for urgently; make an earnest appeal +imply: express or indicate indirectly; signify +import: bring in from another country +impose: demand; force; compel to behave in a certain way +impractical: unwise to implement or maintain in practice; theoretical +impressive: making a strong or vivid impression; producing a strong effect +imprisonment: confinement; putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment +impulse: act of applying force suddenly; an impelling force or strengthinability: lack of ability, especially mental ability, to do something +inaccessible: unreachable; not available; unattainable +inadequate: not sufficient to meet a need; insufficient; poor +inaugurate: start; initiate; induct into office by formal ceremony +incense: enrage; infuriate; cause to be extremely angry +incentive: something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward +incident: usually minor event or condition that is subordinate to another; event; happening +incidentally: by chance; accidentally +inclination: preference; tendency; inclined surface; slope +incline: cause to lean, slant, or slope; deviate from the horizontal or vertical +inclined: tending or leaning toward; bent; having preference or tendency +inclusive: tending to include all; taking a great deal or everything within its scope +income: gain from labor, business, property, or capital +incompatible: inharmonious; impossible to coexist; not easy to combine harmoniously +inconsistency: state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness +inconvenient: not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs +incorporate: combine something into a larger whole; unite +incredible: unbelievable; beyond belief or understanding +incredulous: difficult to believe; incredible; skeptical +increment: process of increasing in number, size, quantity, or extent +incur: bring upon oneself; become liable to; acquire or come into +indebted: morally, socially, or legally obligated to another; under a legal obligation to someone +indefinite: unclear; vague; lacking precise limits +indefinitely: endlessly; incessantly; for a long time, no end defined; forever +indent: nick; set in from margin; impress or stamp +independent: not dependent; free; not subject to control by others; not relying on others +index: anything which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses; prologue indicating what follows; +second digitindicate: point out; direct to a knowledge of +indicative: suggestive; implying; serving to indicate +indifference: unconcern; disinterest; lack of enthusiasm +indifferent: having no particular interest or concern; being neither good nor bad +indigestion: a disorder of digestive function; difficulty in digesting +indignant: affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath by unworthy or unjust treatment +indignation: anger aroused by something unjust +indispensable: essential; requisite; impossible to be omitted or remitted +individual: single person or thing; human regarded as a unique personality +induce: persuade; bring about; reason or establish by induction +inducement: act of inducing, or the state of being induced; a motive or consideration that leads one to action or induces one to act +indulge: be complacent toward; give way to; not to oppose or restrain; yield to the desire of +industrial: of or relating to or resulting from industry; having highly developed industries +industrialization: development of industry on an extensive scale +industrialized: made industrial; converted to industrialism +industrious: diligent; hard-working; busy and laborious +inertia: property of matter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and when in motion to continue in motion, and in the same straight line or direction +inevitable: unavoidable; incapable of being avoided or prevented +inevitably: unavoidably; in a manner that is impossible to avoid or prevent +infant: child in the first period of life; young babe +infantry: body of children; a body of soldiers serving on foot; foot soldiers +infect: bring into contact with a substance that can cause illness +infection: moral corruption or contamination; invasion of body which can lead to tissue damage and disease +infectious: contagious; contaminating +infer: deduce; conclude from evidence or premises; lead to as a consequence or conclusion 0 +inference: inferring by deduction or induction; truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; conclusion; deduction +inferior: poor; lower than a given reference point; low or lower in order, degree, or rank +inferiority: state of being lower than or not as good as +infinite: unlimited or boundless, in time or space; without limit in power, capacity, knowledge, or excellence +infinity: unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity; eternity; boundlessness; immensity +inflation: general increase in the prices of goods and services in a country +inflict: impose something unpleasant; cause +influence: power affecting person or thing; effect of one thing on another; flowing in or upon; influx +influential: important; powerful; having or exercising influence or power +influenza: an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease +inform: impart information to; make aware of something; be a pervasive presence in; animate +informal: absence of ceremony; casual +informative: instructive; illustrative; providing or conveying information +infringe: act contrary to, as a law, right, or obligation; annul or hinder +ingenious: clever; having inventive or cunning mind +ingenuity: quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in forming new combinations +inhabit: live in; occupy; reside in +inhabitant: resident; someone or thing who lives in a place +inherent: firmly established by nature or habit +inherit: receive from an ancestor by legal succession or will; receive by bequest or as a legacy +initial: early; preliminary; occurring at the beginning +initially: in the beginning; at first +initiate: begin; originate; admit into membership +initiative: serving to initiate; introductory step or movement; act which originates or begins +inject: put in; infuse ; force or drive fluid into something +injure: do harm to; inflict damage; do injustice to +injury: any physical damage to body caused by violence or accident or fractureinjustice: unjust act; practice of being unjust or unfair +inland: within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior +innocent: naive; lacking sense or awareness; free from evil or guilt +innovate: change or alter by bringing in something new +innovation: introduction of something new +innumerable: countless; numerous +inquire: ask a question; seek for truth or information by putting queries +inquiry: investigation; search for knowledge +insane: exhibiting disordered of mind; deranged in mind; very foolish +insert: input; enter; put or set into, between, or among +insider: an accepted member of a group; one who has special knowledge or access to confidential information +insight: understanding; grasping the inner nature of things intuitively +insignificant: not large enough to consider or notice; lacking in importance; trivial +insist: stand or rest; find support; take a stand and refuse to give way; be persistent +insolvent: bankrupt; unable to repay one's debts +inspect: look over; examine carefully and critically, especially for flaws +inspection: formal or official examination +inspector: high ranking police officer; investigator who observes carefully +inspiration: sudden intuition as part of solving a problem; arousing to a particular emotion or action +inspire: encourage; inspirit; fire the imagination of +install: set up; connect or set in position and prepare for use +installation: act of installing or giving possession of an office, rank, or order, with the usual rites or ceremonies; the whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories +installment: monthly payment; a part of a published serial +instance: example that is cited to prove a contention or illustrate a point; case or occurrence +instinct: inborn pattern of behavior ; nature +instinctive: unthinking; prompted by instinct; spontaneousinstitute: advance or set forth in court; association organized to promote art or science or education +institution: institute; organization; introducing something new +instruct: teach; make aware of +instruction: direction; teaching; activities of educating or instructing +instructive: serving to instruct of enlighten or inform; enlightening +instrument: tool; one used by another to accomplish a purpose; device used to produce music; legal document +instrumental: serving or acting as a means or aid; helpful; relating to musical instruments +insufficient: of a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement +insulate: make an island of; place in a detached situation, or in a state having no communication with surrounding objects; isolate; separate +insulation: act of insulating; separation; state of being detached, from other objects +insult: offend; affront; treat, mention, or speak to rudely +insurance: protection against future loss; act, business, or system of insuring +insure: make sure or secure, specifically against loss by a contingent event; give or take insurance on +intangible: not able to be perceived by senses, as touch; vague +integral: essential or necessary for completeness; entire +integrate: make whole; combine; make into one unit +integrity: quality or condition of being whole or undivided; completeness +intellect: ability to learn and reason; ability to think abstractly or profoundly +intellectual: of intellect; showing intellect; requiring the use of the mind, rather than emotions or instinct +intelligence: ability to comprehend; understand and profit from experience; intellect; power of cognition +intelligent: ingenious; wise; bright; having a high degree of intelligence; mentally acute +intense: extreme; acute; in an extreme degree +intensive: thorough; concentrated; tending to give force or emphasis +intent: something that is intended; aim or purpose +intention: motive; with respect to marriage; aim that guides actioninteract: interplay; act together or towards others or with +interaction: communication; a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting +interest: attention; curiosity; dividend; yield +interfere: disrupt; hinder; be or create a hindrance or obstacle +interference: obstruction; prevention; act or an instance of hindering, obstructing, or impeding +interior: inside; inner part; internal; inner +intermediate: middle; lying between two extremes +internal: inside; interior; located within the limits or surface +interpret: explain or tell the meaning of; translate orally; decipher +interpretation: explanation; performer's distinctive personal version of a song, dance, piece of music +interrupt: terminate; make a break in +interval: pause; break; space between two objects, points, or units +intervene: get involved; come, appear, or lie between two things +intimate: give to understand; imply as a possibility; make known subtly and indirectly +intrude: trespass; enter as an uninvited person +inundate: overwhelm; cover with water, especially floodwaters +invade: move into; intrude; enter by force in order to conquer or pillage +invader: one who invades; assailant; encroacher; intruder +invalid: of no force or weight; not valid; weak; void; null +invalidate: make invalid; nullify; destroy +invaluable: valuable under estimation; inestimable; priceless +invariably: constantly; always +invasion: raid; attack; act of invading, especially the entrance of an armed force into a territory to conquer +inverse: opposite; reversed in order, nature, or effect; turned upside down +invest: put clothe on, as with office or authority; place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; endow; lay out money or capital in business +investigate: explore; observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically +investigation: detailed inquiry or systematic examination; inquiryinvisible: incapable of being seen; impossible or nearly impossible to see +invoice: bill; commercial document issued by seller to buyer indicating the products, quantities and prices +involve: wind round; connect with something; include necessarily; engage thoroughly +irony: expression by deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning; witty language used to insult +irregular: contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice; inconstant +irresistible: overwhelming; tempting; charming +irrespective: without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent +irrevocable: unalterable; irreversible; impossible to retract or revoke +irrigate: supply land with water artificially; clean a wound with a fluid +irrigation: supplying water to the land to help crops grow +irritate: rouse to impatience or anger; annoy; provoke +isolate: seclude; set apart or cut off from others +isolation: separation; detachment; quality or condition of being isolated +issue: subject; topic; problem; edition; publication; release; publish +item: a whole individual unit; a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group +ivory: teeth of elephant J +jail: building for confinement of persons held in lawful custody +jam: crush or bruise; get stuck; press tightly together +jar: pitcher; vase; small, cylindrical container for food, normally made of glass or clay +jealous: resentful or bitter in rivalry; envious +jealousy: envy; jealous attitude or disposition +jelly: substance having the consistency of semi-solid foods +jeopardize: endanger; imperil; put at risk +jerk: pull, or move with a sudden movement; move with abrupt, seemingly uncontrolled motions +jettison: throw overboard; eject from boat, submarine, aircraft, or spaceship +jewel: gemstone; costly ornament of precious metal or gem +jewelry: adornment made of precious metals, as a bracelet or ring or necklace +jog: run or ride at a steady slow trot; give a push or shake to +journal: magazine; periodical; log; diary; a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they occurred +journalism: profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media +journalist: writer for newspapers and magazines +judgement: decision; appraisal +juice: liquid; liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue +juicy: full of juice; lucrative; richly interesting +jumble: assemble without order or sense; confused multitude of things; chaos; mess; mixture +junction: connection; joint; intersection; crossing +jungle: land densely overgrown with tropical vegetation; dense, confused mass +junior: less advanced in age than another; younger; lower in standing or in rank +jury: committee appointed to judge a casejustice: quality of being just; practical conformity to human or divine law; equity; uprightness +justifiable: capable of being justified, or shown to be just +justification: good or just reason; condition or fact of being justified +justify: adjust the spaces between words; show to be reasonable; explain, clear away +juvenile: youth; adolescent; not fully grown or developed K +kangaroo: animal that having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail +keen: acute; incisive; sharp ; express grief verbally +kernel: central or vital part; most material and central part; grain or seed as of corn +kerosene: flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters +keyboard: device consisting of a set of keys on a piano or organ or typewriter or typesetting machine or computer +kidnap: take by force or fear, and against one's will; seize and detain unlawfully and usually for ransom +kidney: glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products from the animal body +kindle: build or fuel a fire; cause to glow; light up; inspire +kingdom: rank, quality, state, or attributes of a king; royal authority; sovereign power; rule; dominion; monarchy +kneel: bend the knee; fall or rest on the knees +knit: contract into wrinkles; grow together; form into fabric by intertwining +knob: hard protuberance; hard swelling or rising; bunch; lump +knot: fastening together of one or more threads, cords, ropes; lump or loop formed in thread; ornamental tieL +label: paper affixed to anything by inscription; slip of ribbon, parchment; writing annexed by way of addition +laborer: worker; someone who works with their hands +lace: delicate decorative fabric woven in an open web of symmetrical patterns; rope; cord that is drawn through eyelets +lag: delay; drag; the act of slowing down or falling behind +lamb: the young of the sheep; simple, unsophisticated person +lame: moving with pain or difficulty because of injury; disabled so that movement is difficult or impossible +landing: touchdown; act of coming down to the earth +landscape: scenery; expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view +lane: passageway between fences which is not traveled as a highroad; narrow country road +lap: take in food or drink with one's tongue; splash gently +lapse: gliding, slipping, or gradual falling; unobserved or imperceptible progress; slip or error; failing in duty +largely: in a large manner; for the most part; mainly +lark: any of various small, singing passerine birds of the family Alaudidae; one who wakes early; one who is up with the larks +laser: optical device that produces an intense monochromatic beam of coherent light +lasting: continuing or remaining for a long time; enduring; durable +latent: present or potential but not evident or active; dormant; hidden +lateral: coming from side; situated at or extending to the side +latitude: freedom from normal restraints; angular distance north or south of the earth's equator +launch: begin; originate; initiate; send off; take off +laundry: washing; workplace where clothes are washed and ironedlawn: landscape; grassland, usually tended or mowed; meadow +lay: put into a certain place; cause to lie down; spread over a surface +layer: tier; a relatively thin sheet like expanse or region lying over or under another +layout: overall design of a page; plan or design of something that is laid out +leadership: guidance; direction; authority; position or office of a leader +leading: chief; principal; having a position in the lead; foremost +leaflet: small leaf; leaf like organ or part +league: association; union +leak: escape fluid from container through a hole or crack; tell anonymously; reveal +lean: bend or slant away from the vertical; rely for assistance or support +leap: jump; hop; place jumped over or from +lease: rent; charter; engage for service under a term of contract +lecture: teaching by giving a discourse on some subject; speech that is open to the public +legal: created by, permitted by law; according to the law of works +legend: explanatory list of symbols on a map; unverified story handed down from earlier times +legendary: mythical; fabled; extremely well known; famous or renowned +legislation: lawmaking; the act of making or enacting laws ; law enacted by a legislative body +legitimate: accordant with law; lawful; based on logical reasoning; reasonable +leisure: convenience; vacancy; freedom to choose a pastime or enjoyable activity +lengthen: extend; make or become longer +leopard: large feline of African and Asian forests usually having a tawny coat with black spots +lever: bar, applied to a rotator piece to turn it +levy: impose fine or tax; collect payment +liability: something that holds one back; state of being legally obliged and responsible +liable: bound or obliged in law or equity +liberal: open-minded; tolerant; broad-mindedness; having political views favoring reform and progress +liberate: set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign control; discharge; release 00 +liberty: state of free person; exemption from subjection to the will of another; freedom +license: official or legal permission to do or own a specified thing +lick: draw or pass the tongue over; pass or lap quickly and rapidly; beat thoroughly in a competition or fight +lift: direct or carry from a lower to a higher position; raise; transport by air +light: brightness; something that admits illumination; source of fire; particular aspect of a situation +likelihood: possibility, strong probability +likewise: similarly; as well; too +limb: arm; leg; any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree +limestone: rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime +limousine: any of various large passenger vehicles, especially a luxurious automobile; van or small bus on regular route +limp: walk lamely, especially with irregularity, as if favoring one leg; move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily +line: thin continuous mark, as that made by a pen, pencil, or brush applied to a surface; border or boundary +linear: having form of a line; straight; consisting of lines; lineal. +linen: fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant; thread made from fibers of the flax plant +liner: vessel belonging to a regular line of packets, as ship or plane +linger: be slow in leaving; continue or persist; stay +linguistics: humanistic study of language and literature +link: be or become joined or united; connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces +liquid: fluid; juice; substance in fluid state +liquor: any liquid, as water, milk, blood, sap, juice; alcoholic or spirituous fluid +list: lean or cause to lean to the side; lean over; itemize +literacy: reading and writing; ability to read and write +literal: according to the letter or verbal expression; exactly as stated +literally: with meaning; word for word; letter by letter +literary: knowledgeable about literature; of or relating to or characteristic of literature +literate: educated; schooled; one who can read and write 0 +literature: imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value; art or occupation of a literary writer +litter: make untidy by discarding rubbish carelessly; scatter about +livelihood: subsistence; financial means whereby one lives +lively: busy; energetic; vigorous +liver: large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in upper right chest +livestock: any animals kept for use or profit +load: burden; something which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way +loaf: any thick lump, mass, or cake, especially, a large regularly shaped or molded mass, as of bread +loan: give temporarily; temporary provision of money +lobby: a group of people who try to influence legislation; hall; room; a large entrance or reception room or area +lobster: any large macrurous crustacean used as food +locality: place; district; surrounding or nearby region; particular neighborhood +locate: find; monitor; settle; determine or specify the position or limits o +location: scene; site; place where something is or could be located +lock: strand or cluster of hair; fastening together; a closing of one thing upon another; device operated by a key +locomotive: of or relating to locomotion; a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine +locust: any one of numerous species of long-winged, migratory insects, of the family Acrididae +lodge: small house on the grounds of an estate or a park, used by a caretaker or gatekeeper +lodging: accommodation; lodging +lofty: high, tall, having great height; idealistic, implying over-optimism +log: record of a voyage or flight; record of day to day activities +logic: reasoned and reasonable judgment; a system of reasoning +logical: reasonable; based on known statements or events or conditions +longevity: long life; great duration of life; long duration or continuance, as in an occupation +longitude: an imaginary great circle on the surface of the earth passing through the north and south poles 0 +loom: appear or take shape, usually in enlarged or distorted form +loop: circle; ring; move in loops; make a loop in; join with a loop +loose: unbound; untied; not attached, fastened, fixed, or confined +loosen: make loose or looser; make less severe or strict +lose: fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have; be deprived of; fail to win +lottery: scheme for distribution of prizes by chance; gaming in which tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes +lounge: public room with seating where people can wait; living room; lobby +low: utter sound made by cattle; make a low noise +loyal: steadfast in allegiance or duty; faithful to a person, ideal, custom, cause, or duty +lubricate: make smooth or slippery +lumber: move heavily or clumsily; cut down timber of +luminous: shining; emitting light, especially emitting self-generated light +lump: a small mass of matter of irregular shape; irregular or shapeless mass; small cube of sugar +lunar: pertaining to the moon; affecting the moon +luxurious: rich and superior in quality; lavish +luxury: something that is an indulgence rather than necessity; excessively expensive 0 M +mackintosh: waterproof long coat made of rubberized cloth +magic: any art that invokes supernatural powers +magician: one who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience; sorcerer; wizard +magistrate: civil officer with power to administer and enforce law +magnetic: having the properties of attracting iron or steel; captivating; attractive; being to draw or pull +magnetism: attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets +magnificent: grand or noble in thought or deed; outstanding of its kind +magnify: intensify; increase; make greater in size; enlarge +magnitude: extent; greatness of rank, size, or position +maintain: keep in any particular state or condition; keep up or carry on; continue +maintenance: preservation; support; continuance; court-ordered support paid by one spouse to another +maize: tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears +majesty: nobility; greatness and dignity of a sovereign; royal personage +major: greater in number, quantity, or extent; more important +majority: greater number or part; a number more than half of the total +malady: disease, disorder, or ailment; unwholesome condition +malaise: general sense of depression or unease; vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at beginning of illness +malice: enmity of heart; malevolence; ill will; spirit delighting in harm or misfortune to another +malicious: deliberately harmful; spiteful; proceeding from extreme hatred +manifest: clearly apparent to understanding; obvious +manifestation: revelation; indication of the existence, reality, or presence of something +manifesto: public declaration of principles; statement of policy 0 +manipulate: operate with one's hands; control or play upon people, forces artfully +mansion: dwelling-house of the better class; a large or stately residence +manual: guide book; hand-operated +manufacture: make products by hand or machinery; make from raw materials +manuscript: written with or by the hand; not printed; literary or musical composition written with the hand +map: depict as if on a map; plan or delineate, especially in detail; arrange +maple: tree of the genus Acer, including about fifty species +marble: hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish +march: walking with regular steps; a procession of people walking together; steady advance +margin: border; rim; room +marginal: of or pertaining to a margin; written or printed in the margin +marine: sea-dwelling; maritime; naval +mariner: one whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships; seaman or sailor +marked: noticeable or pronounced; having one or more distinguishing marks +marsh: swamp; bog; low lying wet land with grassy vegetation +marshal: put in order; arrange or place something in line +martyr: one who makes great sacrifices or suffers to further belief or principle; one who endures great suffering +marvel: wonder; strong surprise; astonishment +masculine: of the male sex; not female; having the qualities of a man +mask: try to conceal something; disguise; hide under a false appearance +massacre: killing of a considerable number of human beings under circumstances of atrocity or cruelty +massive: enormous; colossal; consisting of great mass; containing a great quantity of matter +mast: fruit of the oak and beech, or other forest trees; nuts; acorns; a pole, or long, strong, round piece of timber, or spar, set upright in a boat or vessel, to sustain the sails, yards, rigging +masterpiece: chief excellence or great talent; outstanding work of art or craft +match: something that resembles or harmonizes with +mate: a fellow member of a team 0 +material: of, relating to, or composed of matter; concerned with physical, not from intellectual or spiritual +materialism: philosophical theory that matter is the only reality +mathematics: science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape +mattress: quilted bed; bed stuffed with hair, moss, or other suitable material, and quilted or otherwise fastened +mature: develop and reach maturity; grow old or older +maturity: state or quality of being mature; ripeness; full development; arrival of the time fixed for payment +maximum: the largest possible quantity +meadow: tract of low or level land producing grass; any field on which grass is grown for hay +measure: determine the size of something; mark, lay out, or establish dimensions; estimate by evaluation or comparison +mechanical: automatic; monotonous; relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics +mechanics: branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies +mechanism: device; machine; the technical aspects of doing something +medal: a piece of metal in form of coin, and intended to preserve remembrance of notable event or person, or to serve as a reward +medieval: very old-fashioned; as if belonging to the Middle Ages +meditate: dwell on anything in thought; think seriously; keep the mind fixed upon; purpose; intend +meditation: lengthy intent consideration; long and thoughtful observation; contemplation of spiritual matters +medium: state that is intermediate between extremes +meek: quiet and obedient; showing patience and humility +melancholy: gloomy; feeling of thoughtful sadness; affected by depression +melody: tune; pleasing succession or arrangement of sounds; poem suitable for setting to music or singing +melon: juicy fruit of certain cucurbitaceous plants, as the muskmelon, watermelon; plant that produces the fruit juicy +melt: changed from a solid to a liquid state especially by the application of heat +memo: short note; memorandum; written proposal or reminder 0 +memorial: monument; short note or abstract, intended for registry, exhibiting the particulars of a deed +memorize: commemorate; commit to memory; learn by heart +memory: faculty of mind by which it retains the knowledge of previous thoughts, impressions, or events +menace: danger; a threat or the act of threatening; something that is a source of danger; threaten; intimidate +mend: make repairs or restoration to; fix; improve +mental: involving mind or intellectual process; affected by disorder of mind +mentality: mental action or power; intellectual activity; intellectuality +mention: speak or notice of anything, usually in a brief or cursory manner +menu: an agenda of things to do +mercantile: trading; commercial; of or relating to trade or traders +merchandise: objects for sale; goods +merchant: one who traffics on a large scale, especially with foreign countries; trafficker; trader +mercy: compassionate treatment of unfortunate and helpless; willingness to spare or to help; disposition to be kind +mere: being nothing more than what is specified; considered apart from anything else; small; slight +merge: combine; unite +merit: virtue; admirable quality or attribute; credit +mermaid: legendary sea creature having the head and upper body of a woman and the tail of a fish +mesh: opening or space inclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot; network or net +mess: soft semi liquid food; a quantity of food set on a table at one time; provision of food for one meal +metallic: of or pertaining to metal; of metal nature; resembling metal +method: orderly procedure or process; regular manner of doing anything +methodology: system of methods followed in a particular discipline +meticulous: excessively careful; marked by extreme care in treatment of details +metric: relating to measurement; involving, or proceeding by measurement. +metropolitan: city center; one who lives in a city center +microscope: magnifier of the image of small objects 0 +microwave: a short electromagnetic wave; cook or heat in a microwave oven +mighty: having or showing great strength or force or intensity +migrant: habitually moving from place to place especially in search of seasonal work; wandering +migrate: move from one country or region to another and settle there +migration: movement of persons from one country or locality to another +milestone: landmark; significant development +military: pertaining to soldiers, to arms, or to war; of whole body of soldiers +milk: white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young +miller: one who keeps or attends a flour mill or gristmill; milling machine +millionaire: one whose material wealth is valued at more than a million dollars +mince: cut into very small pieces; chop fine; suppress or weaken the force of +mingle: be all mixed up or jumbled together; +miniature: very small; model that represents something in a greatly reduced size +minimize: diminish; belittle; make small or insignificant +minimum: the smallest possible quantity +minister: one who performs service for another; officer of justice; executive head of a government department +ministry: act of serving; government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister +minor: of lesser importance or stature or rank; not of legal age; limited in size or scope +minority: a group of people who differ racially or politically from a larger group +minus: less; requiring to be subtracted; negative +minute: extremely small; short note +miracle: wonderful thing; something that excites admiration or astonishment +miraculous: astonishing; amazing +miscarriage: failure of administration or management; failure to attain a desired result or reach a destination +mischief: behavior that causes discomfiture or annoyance in another; tendency to play pranks or cause embarrassment 0 +miserable: very unhappy; full of misery; wretched +misery: great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind +misfortune: bad fortune or ill luck; bad luck +misgiving: feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension +mishap: unfortunate accident; bad luck +mislead: deceive; misguide +missile: weapon that is thrown or projected; rocket carrying instruments or warhead +mission: assignment that is given to a person or group; operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters; job; task +mist: visible watery vapor suspended in atmosphere, at or near the surface of the earth; fog +moan: a low prolonged sound of grief or pain, whether articulate or not; groan softly and continuously +mobile: movable; not fixed; fluid; unstable +mobilize: assemble, prepare, or put into operation for or as if for war; make mobile or capable of movement +mock: treat with ridicule or contempt; mimic; frustrate hopes of +mode: prevailing style; manner; way of doing something; fashion or style +moderate: temperate; gentle; mild; make less fast or intense ; preside over +modest: humble; less ambitious; moderate +modification: act of modifying, or state of being modified; modified form or condition; a change +modify: alter; change +modulate: tone down in intensity; regulate; change from one key to another +module: standard or unit of measurement; self-contained component of a system; unit of education covering a single topic +moist: slightly wet; damp or humid +moisture: wetness caused by water +molecular: of molecules; relating to simple or basic structure or form +molecule: the smallest particle of substance, having all the properties of that substance +momentary: done in a moment; continuing only a moment; lasting a very short time +momentous: very important; of outstanding significance or consequence 0 +monarch: king; sole and absolute ruler; sovereign, such as a king or empress +monastery: house of religious retirement, or of seclusion from ordinary temporal concerns, especially for monks +monetary: of or relating to money; nation's currency; financial +monitor: observe; watch; keep an eye on +monopolize: dominate; occupy; have and control fully and exclusively +monopoly: exclusive control or possession of something; domination +monotonous: boring; dull; tediously repetitious or lacking in variety +monotony: uniformity or lack of variation; continual increase, or continual decrease; tedium as a result of repetition +monster: beast; ugly creature; someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful +monstrous: marvelous; strange; extraordinary on account of ugliness, viciousness, or wickedness +monument: structure erected to commemorate persons or events; memorial +monumental: massive; taking a great amount of time and effort to complete; in manner of a monument +moor: dark-colored person generally; broad area of open land, often high but poorly drained +morale: confidence; mood or spirit of a group that makes the members wants the group to succeed +morality: set of social rules, customs, traditions, beliefs, or practices which specify proper, acceptable forms of conduct +moreover: beyond what has been said; further; besides; in addition; furthermore; also; likewise +mortal: man, human being; liable or subject to death; accompanying death +motel: motor hotel; lodging rooms adjacent to a parking lot +motion: movement; act of changing location; ability or power to move +motionless: at rest, stationary, immobile, not moving +motivate: stimulate; impel; provide with an incentive; move to action +motivation: incentive; psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal +motive: emotion, desire, physiological need; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior +motto: short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle; maxim +mould: crumbling, soft, friable earth; soil 0 +mount: go up or advance; fix onto a backing; put up or launch +mourn: express or to feel grief or sorrow; grieve; be sorrowful +mournful: feeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sad; gloomy +mourning: expression of deep sorrow because someone has died +moustache: hair growing on the human upper lip, especially when cultivated and groomed +mouth: opening through which an animal receives food; aperture between jaws or between lips +movement: act of moving; change of place or posture; transference, by any means, from one situation to another +muffle: bare end of nose between nostrils +muffler: heavy scarf worn around the neck for warmth; anything used in muffling; part of the exhaust pipe of a car that dampens the noise +multiple: having, or consisting of more than one part; many +multiply: proliferate; increase; combine by multiplication +multitude: a great number; many +municipal: metropolitan; civic; having local self-government +murmur: make low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water +muscular: having or suggesting great physical power; of or relating to or consisting of muscle +muse: be absorbed in one's thoughts; consider or say thoughtfully +mushroom: multiply, grow, or expand rapidly +mute: refraining from producing speech or vocal sound; unable to speak; expressed without speech; unspoken +mutton: sheep; flesh of a sheep; loose woman; prostitute +mutual: common to or shared by two or more parties; shared +myriad: of very large or indefinite number; of ten thousand +mysterious: beyond ordinary understanding +myth: legend; fable; a traditional story accepted as history +mythology: study of myths; collection of myth N +naked: bare and pure; completely unclothed +namely: by name; by particular mention; expressly; that is to say +nap: a period of time spent sleeping +narrator: someone who tells a story +nasty: very dirty, foul; disgusting; nauseous +native: being as origin; as found in nature in the elemental form +nausea: feeling of sickness in stomach by an urge to vomit; strong aversion; disgust +naval: relating to, or adjacent to the sea; relating to marine shipping or navigation +navigable: wide and deep enough to allow ships to pass through; able to be steered +navigation: guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place +neat: clean or orderly +necessitate: make necessary or indispensable; render unavoidable +needle: long, thin, sharp implement usually for piercing such as sewing, or knitting +needy: poor; indigent; being in need; impoverished +negate: cancel out; make ineffective or invalid; deny +negation: act of denying; assertion of the nonrealistic or untruthfulness of anything +negative: adverse; involving disadvantage or harm; pessimistic +neglect: disregard; ignore; pay little or no attention to +negligence: neglect; failure to take reasonable care; state or quality of being negligent +negligent: careless; inattentive +negligible: so small, trifling, or unimportant that it may be easily disregarded +negotiable: capable of being negotiated; transferable by assignment or endorsement to another person +negotiation: discussion intended to produce an agreementnervous: agitated; anxious +network: any system of lines or channels crossing like the fabric of a net; complex, interconnected group or system +neutral: impartial; not supporting one side over another +neutron: elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton +nevertheless: not the less; notwithstanding; in spite of that; yet +nickel: coin worth one twentieth of a dollar +nightmare: dream arousing feelings of intense fear, horror, and distress; event or experience that is intensely distressing +nitrogen: colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume +nobility: quality or state of being noble; superiority of mind or of character; commanding excellence; eminence +noisy: full of loud and nonmusical sounds; clamorous +nominal: in name only; insignificantly small +nominate: designate; appoint +nomination: act of naming or nominating; designation of a person as a candidate for office +nonsense: silliness; words or signs having no intelligible meaning +norm: convention; standard; rule +normally: usually; as a rule; regularly; according to a rule +notable: worthy of note or notice; remarkable; important +notably: especially; in a notable manner; remarkably; particularly +note: observe carefully; notice; show; indicate +notify: make known; give notice to; inform by notice +notion: general or universal conception; belief or opinion +notorious: disreputable; known widely and usually unfavorably; infamous +notwithstanding: nevertheless; in spite of +nought: nonexistence; nothingness; zero +nourish: provide with nourishment; provide with food or other substances necessary for life and +growthnourishment: a source of materials to nourish the body +novel: previously unknown; strikingly new, unusual, or different; young +novelty: quality of being novel; newness; something new and unusual +nowadays: during current time; presently +nowhere: not anywhere; not in any place or state +nuclear: of, relating to, or forming a nucleus of an atom; pertaining to, or using nuclear weapons +nucleus: central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; core +nuisance: something that annoys or gives trouble and vexation; something that is offensive or noxious +null: invalid; void; nullified; having no legal force; invalid +nullify: make invalid; make null; invalidate; counteract force or effectiveness of +numerical: belonging to number; denoting number; consisting in numbers; expressed by numbers, and not letters +numerous: many; various; amounting to a large indefinite number +nursery: room for baby; area in a household set apart for the use of children +nylon: any of a family of high-strength, resilient synthetic polymersO +oak: any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus; durable wood of any of these trees or shrubs +oar: long, thin, usually wooden pole with a blade at one end, used to row or steer a boat +oath: solemn promise; commitment to tell the truth +obedient: subject in will or act to authority; willing to obey; submissive to restraint, control, or command +object: be averse to or express disapproval of +objection: act of expressing earnest opposition or protest +objective: not influenced by emotions; having actual existence or reality +obligation: act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie; written promise to repay a debt +oblige: force; bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted; do a service or favor for +obliterate: destroy completely; do away with completely so as to leave no trace +oblong: having greater length than breadth, especially when rectangular +obscure: darken; make dim or indistinct; conceal in obscurity +observance: act or practice of observing or noticing with attention; an act, ceremony, or rite, as of worship or respect +observe: be on the watch respecting; pay attention to; notice with care; see; perceive +obstacle: one that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress +obstinate: stubbornly adhering to an attitude or opinion; hard to control or treat +obstruction: act of obstructing; any structure that makes progress difficult +obtain: get hold of; gain possession of; acquire, in any way +obtainable: available; capable of being obtained +obvious: exposed; easily discovered; plain +occasion: significant event that occurs at a critical time; opportunity to do something; event or +happeningoccasional: random; occurring from time to time; infrequent +occasionally: now and then; from time to time; infrequently; irregularly +occupation: act of occupying or taking possession; control of a country by military forces of a foreign power +occupy: inhabit; live in a certain place; be present in; be inside of +occur: take place; be found to exist ; come to one's mind +occurrence: an event that happens +odd: not easily explained; beyond from the usual or expected; not divisible by two +odour: any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume +offence: act of causing anger, resentment, displeasure, or affront; violation or infraction of moral or social code +offend: strike against; attack; assail; make angry; affront +offensive: causing anger, displeasure, resentment, or affront +offer: act of presenting; something, such as a suggestion, proposal, bid, or recommendation +offset: counterbalance, counteract, or compensate for; balance +offspring: descendant +omen: any indication or action regarded as a foreshowing; phenomenon supposed to portend good or evil +ominous: threatening; foreshadowing evil or tragic developments +omission: act of omitting; neglect or failure to do something required by propriety or duty +omit: leave undone or leave out ; bypass; neglect; fail to include or mention +onset: beginning or early stages; offensive against enemy +opaque: impenetrable by light; not transparent; not reflecting light; having no luster +opera: a drama set to music and consists of singing +operative: having power of acting; exerting force, physical or moral; active in the production of effects +opinion: notion or conviction founded on probable evidence; belief stronger than impression; favorable estimation +opponent: contestant; someone who offers opposition ; adverse; hostile; opposing +opportune: timely; just in time; suited or right for a particular purpose +opportunity: favorable or advantageous circumstance; chance for progress or advancementoppose: place in front of, or over against; set opposite; exhibit; confront; resist; withstand +opposite: two words that express opposing concepts; contrariwise; directly facing each other +opposition: condition of being in conflict; act of opposing something +optical: of or relating to or involving light or optics +optimal: most advantageous; optimum; ideal +optimism: tendency to expect the best possible outcome; belief that the universe is improving and good will win over evil +optimistic: hopeful; positive; expecting the best in all possible ways +optimum: most favorable or advantageous +option: act of choosing; power or freedom to choose +optional: not obligatory; left to choice; not compulsory or automatic +oral: spoken; unwritten; relating to the mouth +orbit: path; circle; move in an orbit; encircle +orchard: garden; area of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit or nut trees +orchestra: band +orderly: conformed to order; in order; regular; well-regulated +ore: mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined +organ: natural part or structure in animal or plant, capable of performing some special action +organic: simple and healthful and close to nature +organism: living being; system considered analogous in structure or function to a living body +orient: focus toward; determine position with reference to another point; locate to face the east +oriental: of or relating to the countries of the orient or their peoples or cultures; eastern +orientation: act of finding oneself position; position or alignment relative to points of directions; course introducing new situation +origin: the first existence or beginning of anything; birth; fountain +original: not second hand; not copied or translated from something else +originality: novelty; creativity; capacity to act or think independently +originate: initiate; invent; bring into being; createornament: decoration; something used to beautify +ornamental: decorative; any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value +ounce: unit of weight equal to one sixteenth of a pound +outbreak: beginning; eruption; explosion +outcome: result; end or consequence; result of a random trial +outdoors: out of house; out of doors +outermost: far most; utmost; outmost; most distant from the center or inside +outlandish: unconventional; strikingly unfamiliar; located far from civilized areas +outlaw: person excluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its protection; fugitive from the law; habitual criminal +outlet: an opening that permits escape or release; activity that releases creative energy or emotion +outline: line that appears to bound an object +outlook: prospect; view; belief about the future ; act of looking out +output: act or process of producing; production; amount produced during a certain time +outrage: act of extreme violence or viciousness; offense +outrageous: of the nature of an outrage; exceeding the limits of right, reason +outright: altogether; entirely; without reservation or exception +outset: beginning; start; origin; time at which something is supposed to begin +outstanding: distinguished from others in excellence +oval: elliptic; rounded like an egg +overall: general; comprehensive; from one end to the other; including everything +overcast: covered or obscured, as with clouds or mist; gloomy; melancholy +overcharge: overprice; a price that is too high +overcome: defeat another in competition or conflict; conquer; prevail over +overestimate: make too high an estimate of +overflow: flow over; cover with, or as with, water or other fluid; spread over; flow over the brim of +overhear: hear more of anything than was intended to be heard; hear again +overlap: representation of common ground between two things; extend over and cover a part ofoverlapping: covering with a design in which one element covers a part of another +overload: place too much a load on +overlook: ignore; disregard; fail to notice ; watch over +overseas: beyond or across the sea; abroad +oversight: unintentional omission or mistake; watchful care or management; supervision +overtake: come up with in a course, pursuit, progress, or motion; catch up with; come upon from behind; capture; overcome +overthrow: throw over; overturn; upset; turn upside down; cause to fall or to fail +overtime: beyond the regular time +overwhelm: defeat; cover completely or make imperceptible; overcome by superior force ; charge someone with too many tasks +overwhelming: overpowering in effect or strength; very great or intense; extreme +owe: be in debt; be obliged to pay or repay +owl: any species of raptorial birds of the family Strigidae +own: belonging to oneself or itself; not foreign; domestic +ownership: having and controlling property +oxide: binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary +oxygen: a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas +oyster: marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell P +pace: single movement from one foot to the other in walking; slow gait; step +pack: pact or bundle made up and prepared to be carried; a number of similar things; a full set of playing cards +packaging: putting something into boxes +pad: soft or small cushion; a kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting +painting: drawing; picture or design in paint; action of applying paint to a surface +pair: two people or things considered as a unit; two items of the same kind; couple +pale: not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; not bright or brilliant +palm: inner surface of the hand between bases of fingers and wrist; tropical evergreen trees of the family Palmae +pamphlet: brochure; leaflet; a small book usually having a paper cover +pan: criticize harshly; wash in pan; cook in pan +pane: framed section of window or door that is filled with a sheet of glass or others; panel in a wall or door +panel: a group of people gathered for a special purpose; small board or pad +panic: sudden mass fear and anxiety +panorama: complete view in every direction. +panoramic: related to unobstructed and comprehensive view; with a wide view +pant: breathe quickly or in a labored manner; respire with heaving of the breast; sigh +pantry: apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are kept +pants: trousers; underwear; garment extending from waist to knee or ankle +par: amount or level considered to be average; standard; equality of status, level, or value +parachute: rescue equipment consisting of a device that fills with air and retards your fall +parade: march in a procession; ceremonial procession; visible display 0 +paradise: garden of Eden; any place of complete delight and peace +paragraph: distinct division of written or printed matter that begins on a new, usually indented line +parallel: make or place something to another's side; of or relating to multiple operations at same time; not intersecting +paralyse: make unable to move or act; impair the progress or functioning of +parameter: characteristic or feature that distinguishes something from others +parasite: animal or plant living on another +parliament: discussion; formal conference on public affairs; general council, especially an assembly of representatives of a nation +partial: incomplete; fragmentary; favoring one person or side over another or others +participant: people who take part in +participate: take part in something; share in something +particle: a tiny piece of anything +partition: divide into parts, pieces, or sections +partner: person who is a member of a partnership; associate who works with others toward a common goal +passion: strong feeling or emotion ; fervor +passionate: zealous; enthusiastic; filled with or motivated by zeal +passive: lacking in energy or will; peacefully resistant in response to injustice +passport: legal document identifying the bearer as citizen of a country and allowing to travel abroad +pastime: something which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement +pasture: field covered with grass; meadow +patch: a piece of cloth; small area of ground covered by specific vegetation +patent: open for the public to read; obvious; plain +path: way; footway; course or track; route; passage +pathetic: causing sadness, compassion, or pity +patriot: one who loves and defends his or her country +patriotic: inspired by love for one's country +patriotism: love of country; devotion to welfare of one's country; virtues and actions of patriotpatrol: activity of going on an area at regular intervals for security purposes +patron: benefactor; regular customer +patronage: sponsorship; support; state of being a sponsor +pave: coat; cover +pavement: floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make hard and convenient surface for travel +pawn: something given as security for loan; pledge or guaranty; article deposited as security +peach: small tree in Prunus persica widely cultivated at temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit +peak: summit; apex; maximum; prime +pebble: small smooth rounded rock +peck: pick; hit lightly with a picking motion; eat like a bird +peculiar: special; characteristic; unusual; odd; bizarre +peculiarity: eccentricity; oddness; an odd or unusual characteristic; private ownership; proprietorship +pedal: foot-operated lever used for actuating or controlling a mechanism +pedestrian: lacking wit or imagination; ordinary +peel: come off in flakes or thin small pieces; strip the skin off; get undressed +peer: gaze; stare; look searchingly; company with +penalty: punishment established by law or authority for a crime or offense; fine +pending: not yet decided or settled; awaiting conclusion or confirmation +penetrate: pierce; go through; permeate +penetration: act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering +pension: something paid or given; payment to a person in consideration of past services +perceive: become aware of through the senses; detect +percent: out of each hundred; per hundred; one part in a hundred +perception: understanding; feeling; effect or product of perceiving +perch: a place high up; an elevated place serving as a seat +perfect: completed; not defective nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities; without flaw, +fault, or blemish; without errorperfection: flawlessness; excellence; state of being without flaw or defect +perform: carry through; bring to completion; achieve; accomplish; execute +performance: act of performing; dramatic or musical entertainment; process or manner +performer: entertainer; who performs or takes part in a play or performance of any kind +perfume: pleasing, agreeable scent or odor +peril: danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property to injury, loss, or destruction +perimeter: outer boundary length; closed curve bounding a plane area +period: duration, continuance, term; end of something +periodic: repeated; recurring at intervals of time +periodical: publication that appears at fixed intervals +peripheral: located in outer boundary; unimportant; auxiliary +perish: be destroyed; pass away; become nothing +permanent: remaining without essential change +permission: consent; approval to do something +permissive: approving; tolerant; granting; not strict in discipline +permit: consent to; give permission +perpendicular: vertical; upright; intersecting at or forming right angles; extremely steep +perpetual: everlasting; continuing without interruption +perplex: baffle; confuse +persecute: pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; beset with cruelty or malignity; harass; annoy +persecution: act or practice of persecuting on the basis of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or beliefs that differ from those of the persecutor +perseverance: endurance; steady persistence in adhering to a course of action +persevere: endure; be persistent, refuse to stop +persist: continue; insist; persevere +persistence: endurance; tenacity; state or quality of being persistent; persistency +personal: particular to a given individual; concerning or affecting a particular person +personality: complex of all the attributes of a person; totality of qualities and traits of a personpersonnel: group of people willing to obey orders +perspective: appearance of things; view, outlook, or vista +persuade: advise; counsel; urge the acceptance or practice of; convince +pertain: belong; have connection with, or dependence on +pertinent: having precise or logical relevance; pertaining or relating +perturb: disturb greatly; make uneasy or anxious; throw into great confusion +peruse: read or examine, typically with great care +pest: persistently annoying person; organism that injures livestock or crops +pet: animal kept for amusement or companionship +petition: plea; formal message requesting something +petroleum: dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons +petty: trivial; of small importance; very small +phase: any distinct time period in a sequence of events; stage +phenomenon: appearance; anything visible, in matter or spirit; extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence +philosophy: body of highest truth; investigation of nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning +phonetics: branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis +photograph: picture or likeness obtained by photography +phrase: brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression +physical: relating to the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit +physician: person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty authorized to treat diseases; doctor of medicine +piano: stringed instrument that is played by depressing keys +pick: remove something with the fingers, or with the teeth; separate as choice or desirable +picnic: eat in the open air; have informal meal eaten outside or on an excursion +picturesque: scenic; striking or interesting in an unusual way +pier: landing place; platform built out from shore into water and supported by piles; provides access to ships +pigment: substance used as coloring; dry coloring matter +pile: large timber or post; heap; hair; fiber of wool, cotton; head of an arrow or spear +pilgrim: traveler; one who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place or shrine as a devotee +pill: a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet; something that is unpleasant or offensive +pillar: column; post +pillow: a cushion to support the head of a sleeping person +pilot: one who guides a course of action for others; one who operates or is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight +pin: a piece of wood, metal, generally cylindrical, used for fastening separate articles together +pinch: clutch; squeeze between the thumb and a finger, the jaws of a tool, or other edges +pine: have desire for something or someone; yearn; grieve or mourn for +pineapple: large sweet fleshy tropical fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves +pioneer: originator; explorer +pioneering: initial; groundbreaking; originating; serving to pioneer +pious: devout; religious; exhibiting strict, traditional sense of virtue and morality +pirate: robber on seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on seas +pistol: the smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one hand +piston: sliding piece which either is moved by, or moves against +pit: confront; set into opposition or rivalry +pitch: action or manner of throwing something +pitcher: container for liquids, having a handle and a lip or spout for pouring; player who throws the ball from the mound to the batter +plague: epidemic disease with a high death rate; annoyance +plain: without elevations or depressions; flat; smooth; not rich; simple; without beauty; not handsome +plane: flat or level surface; level of development, existence, or achievement +planet: celestial bodies that revolve around the sun +plantation: farm; an area under cultivation; a group of cultivated trees or plantsplaster: cover conspicuously, as by pasting something on; adhesive tape used in dressing wounds; a hardened surface as on a wall or ceiling +plastic: capable of being molded; capable of being shaped or formed; easily influenced +plate: flat piece of metal; thick sheet of metal; small, usually circular, vessel of metal or wood for food table +plateau: highland; upland; relatively flat highland +platform: stage; a raised horizontal surface +playwright: someone who writes plays +plea: request for help; excuse or pretext +plead: appeal or request earnestly; enter a plea; offer as an excuse +pleasure: agreeable sensations or emotions; excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or satisfying +pledge: promise solemnly and formally; binding commitment to do something +plight: condition or state, especially a bad state or condition +plot: small extent of ground; secret scheme or strategy +plough: plow +pluck: pull or draw, especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or out from something +plug: something, such as a cork or a wad of cloth, used to fill a hole tightly; stopper +plumb: checking perpendicularity; exactly vertical +plumber: craftsman who installs and repairs pipes and fixtures and appliances +plume: feather, especially a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or handsome feather; an ornamental tuft of feathers; token of honor or achievement +plump: sound of a sudden heavy fall; well-rounded and full in form +plunder: take goods of by force, or without right; spoil; sack; strip; rob +plunge: dive; submerge; become suddenly lower; decrease dramatically; throw oneself into a substance or place +plus: involving advantage or good; on the positive side or higher end of a scale +ply: bend; lay on closely, or in folds; work upon steadily, or with repeated acts; press upon +pneumonia: inflammation of the lungs +poke: push at, as with a finger or an arm; search or look curiously; proceed in slow or lazy manner; +thrust forwardpolar: pertaining to one of the poles of the earth; of the poles +pole: a long rod; one of two divergent or mutually exclusive opinions +policy: settled method of government to administer; system of public or official administration +polish: remove flaws from; perfect or complete +politics: profession devoted to governing and political affairs; study of government of states and other political units +poll: voting; survey; number of votes cast or recorded +pollute: make impure; make unfit for or harmful to living things, especially by the addition of waste matter +pollution: contamination; undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated +ponder: weigh; weigh in the mind; view with deliberation; examine carefully; consider attentively +pony: small horse; small glass of beer; word for word translation of a foreign language text +popcorn: small kernels of corn exploded by heat +popular: of common people; suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse; familiar; plain +popularity: quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after +porcelain: ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic +porch: covered and enclosed entrance to building; covered passage +pore: gaze intently; stare; scrutinize; read or study carefully and attentively +port: place on waterway with facilities for loading and unloading ships +portable: mobile; easily or conveniently transported +portion: section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a whole +portrait: portraiture; picture; likeness of a person, especially one showing the face +portray: depict; describe; draw +pose: pretend to be someone you are not; assume a posture as for artistic purposes +positive: involving advantage or good ; greater than zero; very sure; confident +possess: occupy in person; hold or actually have in one's own keeping; have and hold; have the legal title to +possession: act of having and controlling property; belongingspost: display announcement in a place of public view; publish on a list +postage: token that postal fee has been paid; charge for mailing something +postal: of or relating to the system for delivering mail +postcard: card for sending messages by post without an envelope +posterity: descendants; future generations +postpone: hold back to a later time; delay; defer +postulate: essential premise; underlying assumption +pot: metallic or earthen vessel for boiling meat or vegetables, for holding liquids, or for plant +potent: powerful; having power to influence or convince; having great control or authority +potential: existing in possibility; expected to become or be +potentiality: inherent capacity for coming into being; an aptitude that may be developed +poultry: domestic fowls reared for eating, or for their eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, ducks, and geese +pound: unit of weight equal to ounces +pour: flow in a spurt; rain heavily; supply in large amounts +poverty: lack of money; state of being poor; lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts +practicable: feasible; capable of being effected, done, or put into practice +practical: based on experience; useful +practically: virtually; actually; for all practical purpose +prairie: treeless grassy plain; extensive area of flat or rolling +preach: advocate; speak, plead; argue in favor of +precaution: prevention; measure taken beforehand; act of foresight +precede: come before; antecede +precedence: fact, state, or right of preceding; priority; previous occurrence, or existence before; preceding act or speech +precedent: act or instance that may be used as example in subsequent similar cases +preceding: ahead; prior to +precious: of high worth or costprecise: exact; clearly expressed; accurate or correct +precision: exactness; accuracy; number of significant digits to which a value has been reliably measured +predecessor: former occupant of post; ancestor or forefather +predict: state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge +prediction: something foretold or predicted; prophecy +predominant: most frequent or common; having superior power and influence +preface: something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay +preferable: favored; better; more desirable or worthy than another; preferred +preference: a strong liking; favorite +pregnancy: condition of being pregnant; fruitfulness; fertility +pregnant: expecting a baby; carrying within the body or being about to produce new life +prejudice: opinion formed without due examination; leaning toward one side of a question +preliminary: prior to or preparing for the main matter; introductory +prelude: introduction; forerunner; preliminary or preface +premature: too soon; too early; occurring before a state of readiness +premium: having or reflecting superior quality or value +prescribe: dictate; guide; advise the use of; assert a right; claim +prescribed: set down as a rule or guide; certain; stated +prescription: written instructions from doctor; written order; act of establishing official rules, laws, or directions +presence: state of being present; current existence +present: being in existence; something presented as a gift; period of time that is happening now +presentation: show or display; act of presenting something to sight or view +preservation: conservation; protection +preserve: uphold; retain; maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm +preside: be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director; direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer +press: machines or devices that apply pressure or print; collecting and publishing of news; journalism in general +pressure: stress; tension; condition of being pressed +prestige: impression produced by achievements or reputation; recognized distinction or importance +presumably: assumedly; supposedly +presume: take for granted as true in absence of proof; venture without authority +pretense: act of giving a false appearance; imaginative intellectual play +pretentious: intended to attract notice and impress others; making unjustified claims; overly ambitious +prevail: induce; be greater in strength or influence; triumph; win out +prevailing: most frequent; widespread; predominant +prevalent: widespread; widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted +previous: existing or occurring before something else +prey: target of a hunt; animal hunted or caught for food +prick: penetrate or puncture by a sharp and slender thing +primary: of first rank or importance or value; essential or basic +prime: first in excellence, quality, or value; at the best stage; peak; first in degree or rank; chief +primitive: belonging to an early stage; simple or naive in style; primeval +principal: highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree +principle: basic truth or law or assumption; rule or law of nature; rule of personal conduct +prior: preceding in the order of time; former; previous +priority: preceding in time, importance, or urgency +privacy: quality of being secluded from view of others; condition of being hidden +privilege: special advantage or benefit not enjoyed by all; right reserved exclusively +probe: explore with tools; investigate; search +problematic: open to doubt; unsettled; questionable; difficult to solve +procedure: act or manner of moving forward; act performed; steps taken in an action +proceed: follow a certain course; move ahead; travel onward +proceeding: a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked 0 +proceeds: profit, money made from selling something; income arising from land or other property +process: act of proceeding; continued forward movement; a series of actions +procession: act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular, orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course +proclaim: declare; announce +procure: bring into possession; cause to accrue to, or to come into possession of; cause to come; bring +produce: bring forward; lead forth; offer to view or notice; exhibit; cause to be or to happen +productive: having quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing results; causing to exist +productivity: quality or state of being productive; productiveness. +profession: occupation requiring special education +professional: engaged in, or suitable for a profession +proficiency: skillfulness in command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity; expertise +proficient: skilled; expert; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude +profile: outline; biographical sketch +profit: advantageous gain or return; income received from investments or property +profound: deep; not superficial; far-reaching +progress: moving or going forward; proceeding onward; advance +progressive: forward-looking; advancing; incremental +prohibit: ban; taboo; forbid +prohibitive: tending to discourage; prohibiting; forbidding +project: any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; program; plan; scheme +projection: plan for anticipated course of action; thing that extends outward beyond a prevailing line or surface +projector: optical device for projecting a beam of light +proletarian: member of working class; blue collar person +prolong: make longer; draw out; lengthen +prominence: relative importance; property of being prominent; a standing out from the surface of something +prominent: conspicuous; immediately noticeable; sticking out; widely knownpromise: declaration assuring that one will or will not do something; indication of something favorable to come +promising: likely to develop in a desirable manner; affording hope +promote: help to flourish; advance in rank; publicize +prompt: move to act; incite; give rise to; assist with a reminder +prone: inclined; lying face downward; having a tendency +proof: evidence; demonstration; statement or argument used in such a validation +propaganda: organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine or a system of principles +propagate: cause something to multiply or breed; cause to extend to broader area or larger number +propel: drive forward; cause to move forward or onward; push +propeller: machine for propelling an aircraft or boat; one who propels +proper: belonging to one; one's own; individual; belonging to natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not common; particular +property: any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone +prophet: one who speaks by divine inspiration or as the interpreter through whom the will of a god is expressed +proportion: percentage; quotient obtained when a part is divided by the whole; part considered in relation to the whole +proposal: something proposed; act of making a proposal; an offer of marriage +propose: make a proposal, declare a plan for something +proposition: plan suggested for acceptance; a matter to be dealt with; subject for discussion or analysis +proprietor: one who has legal title to something; owner +proprietorship: an unincorporated business owned by a single person who is responsible for its liabilities and entitled to its profits +prose: essay; ordinary speech or writing; commonplace expression or quality +prosecute: seek to obtain or enforce by legal action; carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in +prosecutor: one who carries out legal action, especially criminal proceedings; one who prosecutes any purpose, plan, or business +prospect: possibility of future success; belief about futureprosperity: good fortune; financial success; physical well-being +prosperous: successful; thriving; having or characterized by financial success or good fortune +protein: any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells +protest: expression of disagreement and disapproval; complain against +protocol: code of correct conduct ; rules governing socially acceptable behavior; record of transaction +prototype: original work used as a model; original type +provincial: relating to a province; limited in outlook; unsophisticated +provision: stipulated condition; act of supplying or fitting out; something provided +provisional: temporary; provided for present need only +provocation: unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment; aggravation +provoke: stir to anger; give rise to; stir to action or feeling +prudence: quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of caution and provision; good judgment +prudent: cautious; careful in regard to one's own interests +psychology: science that deals with mental processes and behavior +publication: act or process of publishing printed matter; communication of information to public +publicity: state of being public; information to attract public notice +publish: make public; make known to mankind, or to people in general +pull: steer or move into a certain direction; take away; remove from a fixed position; extract +pulse: beat; rhythm; rate at which heart beats; +pump: draw fluid or gas by pressure or suction; supply in great quantities +pumpkin: usually large pulpy deep-yellow round fruit of the squash family +punch: blow; drive forcibly; pierce; hit with a sharp blow of the fist +punctual: consisting in a point; limited to a point; unexpended; precise +pupil: a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution +puppy: young dog; pup; doll; puppet +purchase: act or an instance of buying; something boughtpurify: refine; make pure or free from sin or guilt; become clean +purity: condition of being pure; freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; cleanness +purple: chromatic color between red and blue; belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler +purse: gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; contract one's lips into a rounded shape +pursue: follow in; go in search of or hunt for +pursuit: follow after; follow with a view to obtain; endeavor to attain +puzzle: difficult question or problem +pyramid: a massive memorial with a square base and four triangular sides; built as royal tombs in ancient Egypt Q +qualification: an attribute that must be met +qualified: restricted; having the appropriate qualifications for an office, position, or task +qualify: make such as is required; give added or requisite qualities to; make legally capable +qualitative: relating to quality; having the character of quality +quantitative: expressed or expressible as a quantity; relating to measurement of quantity +quarter: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion +quarterly: every three months; in three month intervals +quartz: a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form +quay: dock; landing place; reinforced bank where ships are loaded or unloaded +queer: odd or unconventional, as in behavior; eccentric; mysterious; suspicious; questionable +quench: put out a fire; extinguish; put an end to; destroy +query: inquiry; doubt in the mind; mental reservation +quest: act of searching for something +questionnaire: form containing a set of questions; submitted to people to gain statistical information +quilt: bedding made of two layers of cloth filled with stuffing +quiver: shake with slight, rapid, tremulous movement +quota: limitation on imports; ration; prescribed number +quotation: passage or expression that is quoted or cited; practice of quoting from books +quote: cite or repeat a passage from; repeat or copy the words of anotherR +rack: framework for holding objects +racket: thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together, forming elliptical hoop, across which a network of catgut or cord is stretched; broad wooden shoe or pattern for a man or horse, to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground +radar: measuring instrument to detect distant objects by microwave +radiant: brilliant; delighted +radiate: spread out; effuse; issue or emerge in rays or waves +radiation: very small particles of a radioactive substance that can cause illness or death +radical: drastic; extreme; arising from or going to a root or source; basic +radius: right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the periphery +rage: something that is desired intensely; state of extreme anger +raid: search without warning; surprise attack by a small armed force +rail: scold; express objections or criticisms in bitter, harsh, or abusive language +rainbow: arc of colored light in sky caused by refraction of the sun's rays by rain +rally: call up or summon; call together for a common purpose +ramble: wander aimlessly; move about aimlessly; walk about casually or for pleasure +ranch: farm consisting of a large tract of land +random: without definite purpose, plan, or aim; having no specific pattern +range: limits within which something can be effective; variety of different things or activities +rank: hold a particular position in a social hierarchy; form or stand in a row or rows +rapture: seizing by violence; hurrying along; rapidity with violence; state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's self by agreeable excitement +rare: scarce; infrequently occurring; uncommon +rarely: not often; in an unusual degree; exceptionallyrat: any of various long tailed rodents, similar to but larger than mouse +ratify: approve formally; confirm; verify +ratio: relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind; rate; proportion +ration: allotment; allowance; portion; allot; distribute in rations +rational: consistent with; based on; using reason +rattle: a rapid series of short loud sounds; loosely connected horny sections +ravage: bring heavy destruction on; devastate +raw: in the natural unprocessed condition; cruel and unfair; uncooked; untrained and inexperienced +ray: one of a number of lines diverging from a point; a line of light or heat proceeding from a point +razor: sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or other body parts +react: act against or in opposition to; show a response or a reaction +reactionary: opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely conservative +readily: easily; quickly; in a prompt, timely manner; promptly +realization: fulfillment; awareness; coming to understand something clearly and distinctly +realm: kingdom; domain ruled by a king or queen +reap: gain; harvest a crop from; get or derive; obtain as a result of effort +rear: side of an object that is opposite its front; hind part; point or area farthest from the front +reasonable: showing reason or sound judgment; capable of reasoning; rational; being within bounds of common sense +reassure: give or restore confidence in; cause to feel sure or certain +rebel: one who takes part in an armed group against the constituted authority; revolt; +rebellion: organized opposition to authority +rebuke: scold harshly; criticize severely +recall: remember; call back; cause to be returned +recede: move back; retreat; withdraw a claim or pretension +receipt: act of receiving; acknowledgment of goods delivered or money paid +reception: act of receiving; manner in which something is greeted +receptionist: secretary whose main duty is to answer the telephone and receive visitorsrecession: withdrawal; retreat; time of low economic activity +recipe: medical prescription; a set of directions for making or preparing something, especially food +recipient: receiver; one that receives or is receptive +reciprocal: concerning each of two or more persons or things; exchangeable; interacting +recite: repeat, as something already prepared, written down, committed to memory; rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor +reckless: headstrong; rash; indifferent to or disregardful of consequences +reckon: compute; take account of; have faith or confidence in +reclaim: bring into or return to a suitable condition for use; claim back; make useful again +recognition: acceptance ; appreciation; approval +recognize: perceive the identity of; consent or admit with a formal acknowledgment; show appreciation of +recollection: memory; remembrance; power of recalling ideas to the mind +recommend: suggest; bestow commendation on; represent favorably +recommendation: making attractive or acceptable; pushing for something +recompense: render an equivalent to, for service, loss; requite; remunerate; compensate; give in return; pay back +reconcile: correct inconsistencies; become friendly after a quarrel; become compatible or consistent +reconnaissance: gain information about enemy; inspection or exploration of an area +recourse: one that is turned or applied to for aid or security; resort for help or protection; access or admittance +recover: get or find back; regain a former condition +recreation: amusement; entertainment +recruit: enlist; register formally as a participant; engage for military service +rectangle: a parallelogram with four right angles +rectify: set right; correct by calculation or adjustment +recur: reappear; happen or occur again +recurrence: act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return +redeem: purchase back; regain possession of by payment; ransom or rescue from captivity; pay +penalty; make amends forreed: tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems +reef: chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water +reel: frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on axis, on which threads or lines are wound +referee: someone to investigate and report on a case or to ensure fair play +reference: act of referring or consulting; remark that calls attention to something or someone +refine: purify; make more precise; improve +refined: cultured; purified; made pure +refinement: result of improving something; process of removing impurities +reflect: throw or bend back light from a surface; give back or show an image of; mirror +reflection: image of something as reflected by mirror; remark expressing careful consideration +refrain: abstain from; resist; hold oneself back +refreshment: activity that refreshes and recreates; snacks and drinks served as a light meal +refrigerator: machines in which food can be stored at low temperatures +refugee: one who flees to shelter, or place of safety +refund: repayment of fund; an amount repaid +refusal: act of refusing; denial of anything demanded +refute: disprove; prove to be false or incorrect +regarding: with respect to; by concerning +regardless: without consideration; in spite of everything; anyway +regime: form of government; government in power; administration; prevailing social system or pattern +regiment: government; mode of ruling; rule; authority +region: province; district; tract; neighborhood; the upper air; sky or heavens; inhabitants of a district +register: give outward signs of; express; record in writing; enroll as a student +regulate: bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations; fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of +regulation: act of controlling or directing according to rule; prescribed by or according to rule +rehearsal: act of rehearsing; exercise or practice to prepare for a public performance +rehearse: practice; drill; engage in preparation for a public performancereign: sovereignty; rule; dominance or widespread influence +reimburse: pay back for some expense incurred +rein: strap or rope attached to the bridle or bit, used to control a horse or other animal; instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing +reinforce: give more force or effectiveness to; strengthen; enhance +reiterate: say, state, or perform again or repeatedly +reject: turn down; refuse to accept; dismiss from consideration +rejection: act of rejecting something +rejoice: feel joy; experience gladness in a high degree; have pleasurable satisfaction; be delighted; enjoy +relax: make less severe or strict; become less tense +relaxation: state of refreshing tranquility; act of making less strict +relay: act of passing something along from one person, group, or station to another +release: give off; liberate; grant freedom to; make something available +relevant: pertinent; having connection with matter at hand +reliability: trait of being dependable or reliable +reliable: worthy of being depended on; trustworthy +reliance: dependence; certainty based on past experience +relief: easing of burden or distress, such as pain or anxiety; release from post or duty; pleasant or amusing change +relieve: free from a burden; alleviate; save from ruin +religion: belief in supernatural power regarded as creator and governor of the universe +religious: of religion; concerned with religion; having or showing belief in and reverence for God or a deity +relinquish: give up something with reluctance; retire from; give up or abandon +relish: take keen or zestful pleasure in; enjoy the flavor of; give spice or flavor to +reluctance: state of being reluctant; unwillingness; hesitancy in taking some action +reluctant: not wanting to take some action; averse +rely: rest with confidence; have confidence; depend +remainder: remnant; something left after other parts have been taken away 0 +remains: all that is left after other parts have been taken away, used up, or destroyed; corpse; ancient ruins or fossils +remark: expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed +remarkable: worthy of notice; extraordinary +remedy: a medicine or therapy; ; cure; fix; repair; provide relief for +remind: recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection +reminiscence: recollection; process of remembering +remit: send back; give up; surrender; resign; restore; transmit or send, especially as money in payment of a demand +remittance: transmitting money, bills, especially to a distant place, as in satisfaction of a demand, or in discharge of an obligation +remnant: remainder; small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists +remove: move away from the position occupied; cause to change place; take away +renaissance: revival; renewal; revival of learning and culture +render: deliver;give or make available; provide; represent in a drawing or painting +renew: renovate; make new or as if new again; restore +renewable: capable of being renewed or extended +renewal: act of renewing; filling again by supplying what has been used up +rent: payment, usually of an amount fixed by contract +rental: amount paid or collected as rent; act of renting +repeal: revoke or annul, especially by official or formal act +repel: force or drive back; disgust; offer resistance to; fight against +repent: cause to feel remorse or regret; feel regret or self-reproach for +repetition: act of doing or performing again +replace: substitute; put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items +replacement: act of replacing; substitution; person or thing that takes the place of another +replenish: fill or make complete again; add a new stock or supply to +represent: stand for; describe or present; play a role or part +representation: act of representing; standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf +representative: one that represents anything; that which exhibits a likeness or similitude; agent +reproach: express disapproval or disappointment; bring shame upon; disgrace +reproduce: have offspring or young; duplicate; make a copy +reproduction: act of making copies +reptile: cold-blooded vertebrate including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles +repudiate: disown; refuse to acknowledge; reject validity or authority of +reputable: having a good reputation; honorable +reputation: state of being held in high esteem; general estimation in which a person is held by the public +repute: ascribe a particular fact or characteristic to; consider; suppose +request: express the need or desire for; ask for +require: insist upon having; request and expect +requisite: necessary requirement; indispensable item +rescind: cancel; make void; repeal or annul +rescue: free from harm or evil; take from legal custody by force +research: inquire into; attempt to find out in scientific manner +resemblance: likeness; similarity in appearance or external or superficial details +resemble: be similar to; take after; look like +resent: feel bitter; consider as injury or affront; be in angry +resentment: indignation; deep sense of injury; strong displeasure +reserve: lack of enthusiasm; skeptical caution; something saved for future use; self-restraint in expression +reservoir: tank used for collecting and storing a liquid; holding pond; lake used to store water for community use +reside: dwell; live in a place permanently or for an extended period +residence: official house; large house; act of dwelling in a place +resident: one who resides in a place permanently or for an extended period; dweller +residual: remaining as a residue; surplusresign: sign back; return by a formal act; yield to another; abandon +resignation: act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession, or office; surrender +resist: stand up or offer resistance; refuse to comply; withstand the force of something +resistance: action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with +resistant: unaffected; incapable of being affected +resolute: firm, unyielding, or determined; having decided purpose +resolution: determination; resolving to do something; formal statement of a decision +resolve: determination; formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote +resort: vacation spot; act of turning to for assistance +resource: materials; abilities; available source +respect: honor or esteem; admire; aspect; detail or point +respective: individual; relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; respectful; regardful +respectively: separately; individually; in the order given +respond: show a reaction to something favorably or as hoped +responsibility: duties; obligation; state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable +responsible: accountable; held accountable +restless: never resting; unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; eager for change; discontented +restore: give or bring back; return to its original condition +restrain: keep under control; hold back ; place limits on +restraint: moderation or limitation; controlling force; loss of freedom; control of feelings +restrict: keep or confine within limits +restriction: act of keeping something within specified bounds; a principle that limits the extent of something +restrictive: tending or serving to restrict; limiting; confining +resume: give a summary; return to a previous location or condition +retail: selling of goods to consumers +retailer: company which sells goods +retain: keep; maintain possession of; hire by payment of a fee; keep in mind; rememberretire: move back and away from; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position +retirement: period of your life after you have stopped work at a certain age +retort: reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner +retreat: receding; pull back or move away or backward; withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position +retroactive: extending in scope or effect to a prior time or to prior conditions +reveal: make known; disclose or show +revenge: do punishment in return for injury or insult; avenge +revenue: money which returns from an investment; annual income; reward +reverence: profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or place; disposition to revere; act of revering +reverse: overturn; turn inside out or upside down; turning in the opposite direction +revert: return to a former condition, practice, subject, or belief; backslide; turn back to +review: summary of a longer discussion; formal examination; practice to refresh memory +revise: amend; change +revision: modification; correction; act of altering +revival: bringing again into activity and prominence +revive: restore from a depressed; renew +revoke: void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing; cancel; retract +revolt: organize opposition to authority; make revolution +revolution: act of revolving; motion of body round a fixed point or line; rotation; total or radical change; fundamental change in political organization +revolutionary: marked by new or introducing radical change +revolve: turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel; rotate; move in curved path round a center; pass in cycles +reward: satisfying return or result; profit, return for performance of a desired behavior; positive reinforcement. +rhythm: pattern; beat; recurring at regular intervals +rib: one of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the +thoraxribbon: fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk; narrow strip of fine material used for trimming +riddle: pierce with numerous holes; perforate; permeate or spread throughout +ridge: long, narrow upper section or crest; chain of hills or mountains +ridicule: words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter; make fun of +ridiculous: completely lacking of wisdom or good sense +rifle: shoulder firearm with a long barrel +righteous: morally justified; equitable; free from wrong, guilt, or sin +rigid: stiff and unyielding; strict; hard and unbending; not flexible +rigidity: stiffness; physical property of being stiff and resisting bending +rigor: strictness or severity, as in temperament, action, or judgment; something hard to endure +rigorous: full of rigors; harsh; rigidly accurate; precise +rim: border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving +rinse: cleanse with water; flush; wash lightly without soap +riot: state of disorder involving group violence; rebellion +rip: tear or be torn violently; criticize or abuse strongly and violently +ripe: ready; fully developed; mature +ripen: grow ripe; cause to ripen or develop fully +ripple: form or display little undulations or waves on the surface, as disturbed water does +rise: move from a lower position to a higher; mount up; move upward; reach a higher level +risky: involving risk or danger; hazardous +rival: compete; be equal to in quality or ability; match +rivalry: competition; the act of competing as for profit or a prize +roam: wander; ramble; stroll +roar: bellow; rumble; make a loud noise +roast: cook with dry heat, usually in an oven; subject to laughter or ridicule +robe: outer garment; dress of rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; dress of state, rank, office +robust: vigorous; full of health and strength; vigorous +rod: stick; a long thin implement made of metal or woodrole: normal activity of a person in particular social setting; part played by a performer +roll: a list of names +rooster: adult male chicken +rot: become decomposed by a natural process; perish slowly; become corrupt +rotary: turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis +rotate: plant or grow in a fixed cyclic order of succession; swirl; revolve; turn on or around an axis or a center +rotation: revolution; act of rotating as if on an axis +rough: not perfected; having or caused by an irregular surface +roughly: approximately; more or less +round: by moving in or forming a circle; from beginning to end; throughout; to a specific place or person +roundabout: circuitous; going round; indirect; encircling; enveloping; comprehensive +rouse: pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances +route: way for travel or transportation +routine: unvarying or habitual method of procedure; occurring at fixed times or predictable intervals +royalty: being royal; quality of royal person; kingship; sovereignty; share of product, as a percentage paid to owner of copyright +rub: move over the surface with pressure and friction; spread a substance thinly over +ruin: fall or tumble down; destroy; devastate; exterminate +ruinous: causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious +rule: governing direction for a specific purpose; regulation; systematic method +rural: country; relating to rural areas +rust: become destroyed by water, air, or an etching chemical such as an acid +ruthless: pitiless; cruel; having no compassion or pity; me S +sack: bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases; enclosed space +sacred: concerned with religion; worthy of respect or dedication +sacrifice: offering of something to god; victim offered to god; surrender or loss of profit for higher object +saddle: load or burden; put harness onto animal's back to ride +sag: sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line or plane +sake: purpose; reason for wanting something done +salmon: several species of fish of the Salmonidae family; reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon +salute: give a sign of good will; compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow; honor +sample: small part of something intended as representative of the whole +sandy: loose and large-grained in consistency +sanitary: relating to health or the protection of health +sarcasm: cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound; stinging rebuke; form of humor by mocking with irony +sarcastic: ironic; expressing or expressive of ridicule that wounds +satellite: small body revolving around a larger one; subordinate +satire: form of literature in which irony and ridicule are used to attack human vice and folly +satisfaction: fulfillment or gratification of a desire, need, or appetite; source or means of gratification +satisfactory: acceptable; passable +sauce: stewed fruit served with other foods; appetizing ingredients for meat, fish or puddings +saucer: dish; small shallow dish having a slight circular depression in the center for holding a cup +savage: in a state of nature; wild; untamed; uncultivated; inhuman; brutal; not civilized; lacking polish; rude +save: rescue; preserve; make unnecessary; set aside for future usesavings: resources; money saved +scale: climb up or over; alter according to a standard; estimate or measure; remove in layers +scan: make a wide, sweeping search of; examine +scandal: publicized incident that brings about disgrace; damage to reputation by disclosure of improper behavior +scar: mark of damage; mark left on the skin after injury +scarce: hard to find; absent or rare; limited +scarcely: hardly; barely; only just +scare: frighten; alarm; strike with sudden fear +scarf: long piece of cloth worn about the head, neck, or shoulders +scarlet: bright red +scatter: sprinkle; disseminate; cause to separate and go in different directions +scene: structure on which something is shown; part of theater where the acting is done; place, time, or circumstance in which anything occurs +scenery: landscape; view; view or views of natural features, especially in open country +scenic: constituting or affording pleasing views of natural features; beautiful +scent: distinctive odor that is pleasant; fragrance; perfume +schedule: plan for an activity or event; arrange +scheme: elaborate and systematic plan of action; chart or outline of a system or object +scholar: professor; a learned person +scholarship: knowledge resulting from study and research; grant of financial aid awarded to student +scissors: edge tool having two crossed pivoting blades +scoff: mock; ridicule; show or express scorn; eat quickly and greedily +scold: find fault or rail with rude clamor; utter harsh, rude, boisterous rebuke +scope: range of one's perceptions, thoughts, or actions; extent; bound +scorch: burn superficially; parch, or shrivel, the surface of, by heat; affect painfully with heat; burn +score: act of getting point in a game or sport; facts about an actual situation +scorn: extreme and lofty contempt; haughty disregard +scotch: put an abrupt end to; block to prevent rolling or slippingscout: find paths through unexplored territory +scramble: unceremonious and disorganized struggle; rushing about hastily in an undignified way +scrap: small piece or bit; fragment; fragment; leftover bits of food; remnant +scrape: gather something together over time; scratch repeatedly +scratch: cut the surface of; cause friction +screen: surface where pictures can be projected for viewing ; examine; test +screw: cause to penetrate with a circular motion; fastener with shank and slotted head +screwdriver: a hand tool for driving screws +script: prepare text for filming or broadcasting +scrub: rub hard; wash with rubbing +scrutiny: close examination; minute inspection; critical observation. +sculptor: artist who creates sculptures +sculpture: statue; creating figures or designs in three dimensions +seal: middle size aquatic mammal; stamp used for authentication or security +seam: line of junction formed by sewing together two pieces; line across a surface, as a crack; scar +seaport: sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo +seashore: coast; beach; the shore of a sea or ocean +seasonal: occurring at or dependent on a particular season +secondary: not of major importance; of second rank or importance or value; not direct or immediate +secret: something studiously concealed; a thing kept from general knowledge +section: one of several parts; pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object +sector: particular aspect of life or activity; body of people who form part of society or economy +secure: free from fear, care, or anxiety; not have reason to doubt +security: freedom from risk or danger; safety +seek: make an effort to; try to get; try to discover +seemingly: apparently; supposedly +segment: sector; portion; any of the parts into which something can be dividedselect: taken from a number by preference; picked out as more valuable or excellent than others; of special value or excellence +selection: choice; variety; collection +senator: a member of a senate; a member of the king's council; a king's councilor +sensation: feeling; perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition +sensational: arousing or intended to arouse strong curiosity, interest, or reaction +sense: faculty through which to know external world; feeling produced by stimulus +sensible: able to feel or perceive; perceivable; wise; showing reason or sound judgment +sensitive: able to feel; responsive to external conditions; susceptible to attitudes of others +sensitivity: sense; acuteness; capacity of an organ or organism to respond to stimulation +sentence: final judgment of guilty in criminal case and punishment that is imposed +sentiment: thought prompted by passion or feeling; feeling toward or respecting some person or thing; disposition prompting to action or expression +sentimental: emotional; Resulting from emotion rather than reason or realism +separate: set or keep apart; disunite; divide; disconnect +sequence: serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern +serene: completely clear and fine +serenity: calmness of mind; quietness; stillness; peace +series: a number of things or events standing or succeeding in order; sequence +serious: grave in manner or disposition; earnest; thoughtful; solemn; really intending what is said +seriously: in a serious or literal manner; gravely; solemnly; in earnest; without levity +session: meeting devoted to a particular activity; time for school to hold classes +setting: context and environment in which something is set +settle: take up residence; form a community; come to rest; bring to an end; fix firmly +severe: serious in feeling or manner; not light, lively, or cheerful +shabby: torn or worn to rage; poor; mean; ragged +shade: a slight amount or degree of difference; shadow; protective covering that protects something from direct sunlight +shaft: axes; vertical passage into a mine; long narrow stem or body of a spear or arrow 0 +shallow: lacking physical depth; not deep or strong +sham: pretend; put on false appearance of; feign +sharpen: make pointed; make sharp or sharper +sharply: steeply; changing suddenly in direction and degree; acutely +shatter: destroy; break up; break into many pieces +shave: act of removing hair with a razor; thin slice or scraping +shear: cut or clip hair; strip of something; remove by cutting or clipping +shed: get rid of ; cast off; cause to pour forth +sheer: very thin or transparent; very steep; absolute or pure +sheet: bed linen consisting of a large rectangular piece; any broad thin surface +shell: ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge; usually hard outer covering that encases certain organism +shelter: structure that provides privacy and protection from danger +shepherd: a herder of sheep; someone who keeps the sheep together in a flock +sheriff: chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is entrusted the execution of the laws +shield: protective covering or structure; protect; guard +shift: moving from one setting or context to another; moving very slightly +shine: emit rays of light; give light; beam with steady radiance; exhibit brightness or splendor +shiny: reflecting light; radiant; bright from reflected light +shipment: sending of cargo; act of sending off something +shipwreck: destruction of a ship, as by storm or collision; complete failure or ruin +shiver: shake with or as if with cold; tremble; break into fragments or splinters +shock: unpleasant or disappointing surprise; surprise greatly; effect of such a collision or blow +short: not long; unwilling to endure; inadequate or insufficient; most direct; lasting a brief time +shortcut: a direct route; a route shorter than the usual one +shot: photographic view or exposure +shove: drive along by the direct and continuous application of strength; push along, aside, or away, in +a careless mannershovel: tool consisting of a broad scoop, or hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and throwing loose substances +shower: one who shows or exhibits; brief fall of precipitation, such as rain, hail; bath in which the water is sprayed +shrewd: clever; characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence +shriek: sharp, shrill outcry or scream; shrill wild cry such as is caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like +shrill: acute; sharp; piercing; having or emitting a sharp, piercing tone or sound +shrine: case or box, especially one in which are deposited sacred relics, as the bones of a saint; sacred place, as altar or tomb +shrink: become smaller or draw together; compress +shroud: hide from view; wrap for burial; shut off from sight; shelter +shrub: bush +shrug: draw up or contract the shoulders, especially by way of expressing dislike, dread, doubt, or the like +shuffle: disorder; move back and forth; mix so as to make a random order or arrangement +shun: avoid deliberately; keep away from +shutter: a hinged blind for a window +shuttle: public transport that consists of a bus or train or airplane that run between two points; spacecraft +shy: timid; bashful; easily startled; distrustful +sick: affected with disease of any kind; ill; indisposed; not in health +sickness: state that precedes vomiting; disease +sideways: with the side forward; to or from a side +siege: seat, especially a royal seat; throne; rank; grade; sitting before a fortified place; surrounding or investing of a place by army +sieve: a utensil for separating the finer and coarser parts; a kind of coarse basket +sift: separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the course; examine critically or minutely; scrutinize +sigh: inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and immediately expel it; make a deep single audible respiration, especially to express fatigue, exhaustion, grief, or sorrow +sightseeing: act or pastime of visiting sights of interest +sign: public display of message; visible mark or indicationsignal: a sign made for the purpose of giving notice to a person +signature: name written in own handwriting +significance: message that is intended or expressed or signified; meaning +significant: fairly large; important in effect or meaning +signify: denote; mean; indicate +silly: exhibiting a lack of wisdom or good sense; foolish; stupid +similar: nearly corresponding; somewhat like; having a general likeness +simplicity: easiness; plainness; absence of luxury or showiness; lack of good sense or intelligence; foolishness +simplify: make simple; make less complex; make clear by giving the explanation for +simulate: make a pretence of; reproduce someone's behavior or looks +simultaneous: existing, happening, or done at the same time +sincere: open and genuine; not deceitful; pure; unmixed +single: one only; consisting of one alone; alone; having no companion +singular: unique; extraordinary; being only one +sink: fall by, force of gravity; descend lower; decline gradually; enter deeply +siren: electronic device producing a similar sound as a signal or warning; something insidious or deceptive; mermaid +site: physical position in relation to the surroundings; position; location +skeleton: framework; internal supporting structure that gives an artifact its shape +sketch: draw or describe briefly; give the main points; summary of +skim: pass near surface of; brush surface of; glide swiftly along surface of; read or examine superficially and rapidly, in order to cull the principal facts or thoughts +skip: jump lightly; hop; bypass +skirmish: minor battle in war; minor or preliminary conflict or dispute +skull: bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates +skyrocket: increase rapidly; rise quickly; soar +skyscraper: very tall building with many stories +slack: area of still water; lack of tension; cord, rope, or cable that is hanging loosely; unused capacity; casual trousers +slam: shut with force and a loud noise; strike with force +slander: defamation; false and malicious statement or report about someone +slap: sharp blow from a flat object as an open hand; smack; sharp insult +slaughter: act of killing; extensive, violent, bloody, or wanton destruction of life; carnage +slay: put to death with a weapon, or by violence; kill; put an end to; destroy; overwhelm, as with laughter or love +slender: having little width in proportion to height or length; long and thin +slice: a serving that has been cut from a larger portion; piece; a share of something +slide: slip; move usually in an uncontrolled manner; move smoothly along a surface +slight: almost no; very little; deliberate discourtesy +slightly: a little; a bit +slim: small in quantity; being of delicate or slender build +slip: move smoothly and easily; move out of position; move stealthily +slipper: low footwear that can be on and off easily; one who slips or slides because of loss of traction +slippery: smooth; being such as to cause things to slip or slide +slit: long, straight, narrow cut or opening; slot; pocket +slogan: phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion +slope: be at an angle; incline; gradient +slum: a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions +slumber: sleep; state of inactivity or dormancy +slump: sudden falling off or decline, as in activity, prices, or business; gross amount; mass +smart: clever; intelligent; showing mental alertness and calculation +smash: break in pieces by violence; dash to pieces; crush +smog: air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog +smooth: free from obstructions; make surface shine +smoothly: in a smooth manner; successfully; easily +smuggle: import or export without paying customs dutiessnack: eat light informal meal; eat lightly +snap: make a sharp sound; break suddenly as under tension; utter in angry or sharp tone +snatch: grasp or seize hastily, eagerly, or suddenly +sneak: creep or steal privately; come or go meanly, as a person afraid or ashamed to be seen +sneer: show contempt by turning up the nose, or by a particular facial expression; speak derisively; show mirth awkwardly +snob: vulgar person who affects to be better, richer, or more fashionable, than he really is; one who apes his superiors. +snobbish: of or pertaining to a snob; vulgarly pretentious +soak: cause or suffer to lie in a fluid; absorb; drain; drink intemperately or gluttonously +soar: fly aloft, as a bird; mount upward on wings; rise in thought, spirits, or imagination +sober: not extreme; marked by seriousness or gravity; not affected by use of drugs; self-restraint +sociable: gregarious; friendly; inclined to or conducive to companionship with others +sociology: branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution, phenomena, and development of human society; social science +sock: plowshare; short stocking reaching a point between ankle and knee; hard blow or punch; comic drama +soil: material in the surface of the earth +solar: of or relating to the sun +soldier: one who is engaged in military service as an officer or a private; one who serves in an army +sole: bottom; underside of foot or shoe or boot; bottom surface of a plow +solely: alone; only; without another +solemn: serious; somber; deeply earnest, serious, and sober +solicitor: petitioner who seeks contributions or trade or votes; chief law officer of a city, town, or government department +solidarity: union of interests, purposes, or sympathies among members of a group; accord +solitary: isolated; existing, living, or going without others; alone; unaccompanied +solitude: state of being alone; seclusion; lonely or secluded place +solo: composed or performed by a single voice or instrument; unaccompanied; single +solution: method for solving a problem; successful action of solving a problemsolvent: able to pay all debts; capable of meeting financial obligations +somehow: in one way or another; in some way not yet known; by some means +somewhat: to some extent or degree; rather; a bit; slightly +soothe: cause to feel better; give moral or emotional strength to +sophisticated: wide-ranging knowledge; complex; intellectually appealing +sophistication: being expert or having knowledge of some technical subject +sore: skin infection; hurting; inflamed and painful; source of pain, distress, or irritation +sort: kind or species; a class of; +sound: sensation perceived by the ear; distinctive noise; long narrow inlet +sour: taste experience when vinegar or lemon juice; showing ill humor +source: point of origin, such as spring, of stream or river; one that causes, creates, or initiates +souvenir: token of remembrance; memento; something of sentimental value +sovereign: having supreme rank or power; self governing; excellent; independent +sovereignty: autonomy; independence +sow: plant; place seeds in or on +soy: soybean; most highly protein vegetable +spacecraft: a vehicle for travelling in space +spaceship: spacecraft designed to carry a crew into interstellar space +spacious: wide; generous or large in area or extent; sizable +span: duration; distance; cover; extent or measure of space between two points +spare: give up what is not strictly needed; hold back from; withhold or avoid; save or relieve from action +spark: flash; sparkle; emit or produce sparks +sparkle: be brilliant in performance; give off or reflect flashes of light; glitter +sparrow: any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects +spatial: relating to space; existing in or connected with space +spear: a long, pointed weapon, used in war and hunting, by thrusting or throwing +specialize: mention specially; particularize; apply to some specialty or limited objectspecialized: developed or designed for a special activity or function +species: a specific kind of something +specific: stated explicitly or in detail; definite +specification: instruction; description; act of specifying, or making a detailed statement +specify: detail; designate +specimen: model; sample; an example regarded as typical of its class +spectacle: demonstration; show +spectacular: impressive or sensational; lavishly produced performance; grand +spectator: observer; audience; one who looks on +spectrum: colored band produced when beam of light passes through a prism; a range of values +speculate: assume to be true without conclusive evidence; engage in buying or selling of a commodity for profit +speculation: speculating; examination by eye; intellectual check; business venture in unusual risks, with a chance for large profits +speedy: fast; rapid; accomplished or arrived at without delay; prompt +spell: name or write in order the letters constituting; add up to; signify +sphere: ball; globe; a particular aspect of life or activity +spill: pour; sudden drop from an upright position; flow or run out +spin: turn round rapidly; move round rapidly; move swiftly +spiral: rotary; curled; moving in a zigzag course; moving in shape of a coil +spiritual: not tangible or material; belonging to religion; sacred; supernatural +spit: expel or eject from the mouth; rain gently +spite: ill-will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the disposition to irritate, annoy, or thwart +splash: cause fluid to scatter in flying masses; strike and dash about, as water, mud +splendid: shining; very bright; magnificent; brilliant +split: break apart; cut; devide +spoil: go bad; rot; decay; become unfit for consumption or use +spokesman: one who speaks for another +sponge: soaking up; small absorbent contraceptive pad, used for bathing or cleaningsponsor: one who binds himself to answer for another, and is responsible for his default; godfather or godmother +spontaneous: arising without external cause; growing without cultivation or human labor +spoon: a piece of cutlery with a shallow bowl-shaped container and a handle +sport: activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively +spot: location; place; site; pinpoint; mark to allow easy recognition +sprain: violent wrenching of the soft parts surrounding a joint; injury caused by pushing or pressing; painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments +spray: a quantity of small objects flying through air +spring: develop suddenly; jump; move forward by leaps and bounds +sprout: have new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud; shoot up +spur: urge a horse; incite or stimulate; ride quickly by spurring a horse; proceed in haste +square: be compatible with; cause to match; cut to rectangular shape; bring into agreement or balance; settle +squash: a game played in an enclosed court by two or four players who strike the ball with longhandled rackets; crush; press; depress +squat: stocky; short and thick; low and broad +squeeze: force something into or through a restricted space; compress with violence +squirrel: a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail +stab: pierce with a pointed weapon; wound or kill by pointed instrument +stability: balance; constancy +stable: not easily moved or disturbed +stack: an orderly pile; heap; a large number ; arrange in pile +stadium: large, usually open structure for sports events with tiered seating for spectators +staff: personnel who assist superior to carry out assigned task +stagger: sway; walk as if unable to control one's movements +stain: soiled or discolored; symbol of disgrace or infamy; natural spot of a color different from the gound +staircase: a way of access consisting of a set of steps +stake: money risked on gamble; pole set up to mark something; right or legal share of somethingstale: having lost freshness; lacking originality or spontaneity +stalk: go through an area in search of prey; pursue; walk with a stiff or angry gait; move threateningly +stall: small area set off by walls for special use; booth +stammer: make involuntary stops in uttering syllables or words; hesitate or falter in speaking; speak with stops and difficulty +standard: criteria; basis for comparison +standardize: normalize; cause to conform to a standard +standing: high reputation; esteem; maintaining an erect position +standpoint: a mental position from which things are viewed +staple: necessary foods or commodities; basic elements; secure or fasten; a short U-shaped wire nail for securing cables +stapler: one who deals in staple goods or staple fibers; device used to bind material together by means of staples +startle: move suddenly, or be excited; excite by sudden alarm, surprise +starvation: act of depriving of food or subjecting to famine +starve: hunger; deprive of food +statesman: one occupied with the affairs of government, and influential in shaping policy +static: having no motion; being at rest; fixed; stationary +stationary: fixed; immobile; static; not capable of being moved +stationery: paper cut to right size for writing letters; writing materials and office supplies +statistics: a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data +statue: sculpture representing a human or animal +status: position relative to others; standing +statute: law enacted by legislature; decree or edict, as of a ruler +steady: securely in position; not shaky; not easily excited +steak: slice of meat, typically beef, usually cut thick +steamer: vessel propelled by steam; steamship or steamboat; road locomotive for use on common roads +steep: soak; make thoroughly wetsteer: drive; direct; guide by means of a device such as a rudder, paddle, or wheel +stem: stop flow of a liquid; make headway against +stereo: stereophonic sound-reproduction system +sterling: any English coin of standard value; coined money +stern: hard, harsh, or severe in manner or character; firm or unyielding +steward: man employed in a large family, a large estate, a hotel, a club, or on board a ship to manage service +stick: fasten into place by fixing an end; be a follower or supporter +sticky: glutinous; adhesive; covered with an adhesive agent; humid; stiff +stiff: not moving or operating freely; lacking ease in bending; resistant +stimulate: encourage; motivate; arouse; spur; excite or invigorate with a stimulant +stimulation: arousing an organism to action +sting: pierce painfully with sharp pointed structure or organ; cause to suffer keenly in the mind or feelings +stink: strong, offensive smell; disgusting odor; stench +stipulate: specify or arrange in agreement; express demand in agreement; promise in agreement +stipulation: provision; an agreement made by parties in a judicial proceeding +stitch: sew; knit; fasten or join with or as if with thread +stock: certificate for shareholder of corporation; total amount of goods in a shop +stomach: principal organ of digestion; abdomen or belly; appetite for food; desire, especially for something difficult +stoop: bend forward and down from the waist or the middle of the back +storey: story +stout: dependable; stocky; euphemisms for fat +straightforward: proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating; honest; frank. +strain: group of organisms within a species; tension; pressure +strait: difficult; stressful; narrow; not broad; tight; close; closely fitting +strand: complex of fibers that twisted together to form a cable, rope, thread; land bordering a body of water; single filament 0 +strap: belt; band that goes over the shoulder and supports a garment or bag +strategic: important or essential in relation to a plan of action; essential to the effective conduct of war; highly important to an intended objective +strategy: elaborate and systematic plan; plan of action intended to accomplish a specific goal +streak: a line or long mark of a different color from the ground; stripe; vein +strengthen: reinforce; fortify; make strong or increase the strength of +stress: put special emphasis on; utter with an accent; state of extreme difficulty, pressure, or strain +stretch: extend; pull in opposite directions; lie down comfortably +stride: step; pace; significant progress +strife: act of striving; earnest endeavor; exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts +strike: a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions +striking: dramatic; outstanding; arresting attention and producing a vivid impression +string: lightweight cord; a collection of objects threaded on a single strand; plant fiber +strip: remove the surface from +stripe: a kind or category; band; ribbon +strive: endeavor; struggle or fight forcefully; exert much effort or energy +stroke: blow; light touch; sudden loss of consciousness for brain blood vessel lacking oxygen +stroll: wander on foot; ramble idly or leisurely +structural: of structure; affecting structure; constructional +structure: complex construction or entity; complex composition of knowledge +stubborn: unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; persistent; difficult to treat +studio: workplace for the teaching or practice of an art +stuff: unspecified objects; tangible substance +stuffy: stout; lacking sufficient ventilation; close; dull and boring +stumble: miss a step and fall or nearly fall; walk unsteadily +sturdy: robust; strong; substantially made or constructed +style: particular kind; a way of expressing something +subdue: quiet or bring under control by physical force or persuasion; make less intense; tone downsubject: something to be treated; course or area of study +subjective: occurring or taking place in person's mind rather than external world; unreal +submarine: submersible warship; move forward or under in a sliding motion; underwater +submerge: sink; immerse; put under water +submit: refer for judgment or consideration; hand in; present +subordinate: occupying lower rank; inferior; submissive +subscribe: write underneath, as one's name; sign to a document; give consent to; promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount +subsequent: following in time or order; succeeding; later +subsequently: in a subsequent manner; at a later time; accordingly; therefore +subsidiary: subordinate; secondary; serving to assist or supplement +substantial: fairly large; in essentials; material; true or real; not imaginary; solidly built +substantiate: establish by evidence; make firm or solid; support +substitute: exchange; put in the place of another +subtle: slight; be difficult to detect or grasp by the mind +subtract: remove a part from the whole +subtraction: reduction; deduction; removing a part from the whole +suburb: outskirts; usually residential area or community outlying a city +succession: act of succeeding, or following after; following of things in order of time or place, or a series of things so following; sequence +successive: consecutive +successor: one who or that which succeeds or follows; one who takes the place which another has left +suck: draw liquid into mouth; take in; draw something by vacuum +suffice: be enough, or sufficient; meet the need; be equal to the end proposed; be adequate; satisfy +sufficient: adequate; enough; being as much as is needed +suit: meet the requirements of; fit; please; satisfy +suitable: appropriate to a purpose or an occasion +suitcase: portable rectangular traveling bag for carrying clothessuite: apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms; a matching set of furniture +sullen: lonely; solitary; desolate; gloomy; dismal; affected with ill humor +sultry: burning hot; extremely and unpleasantly hot +sum: mount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; principal points or thoughts when viewed together; amount +summary: brief statement that presents the main points +summit: utmost height; highest point of a mountain +summon: call, bid, or cite; notify to come to appear; call upon to surrender +sunburn: redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun +sunflower: plant having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays +sunlight: rays of the sun +sunrise: daily event of the sun rising above the horizon +sunset: daily event of the sun sinking below the horizon +sunshine: moderate weather; suitable for outdoor activities; the rays of the sun +superb: of unusually high quality; excellent; wonderful +superficial: trivial; of little substance; involving a surface only +superintendent: director; person who has the authority to supervise or direct; janitor or custodian in a building +superior: greater rank or station or quality; excellent +supersede: be placed in or take the room of; replace; make obsolete; make void or useless by superior power +supersonic: having, caused by, or relating to speed greater than the speed of sound +superstition: excessive reverence for, or fear of, that which is unknown or mysterious; worship of a false god; false religion +supervise: administer; direct +supervision: management by overseeing the performance +supervisor: director; overseer; one who is in charge of a particular unit, as in government or school system +supplement: add as something seems insufficient; complement; extension; addition +supplementary: added to complete or make up a deficiencysuppose: imagine or admit to exist; assume to be true; believe; receive as true +suppress: put down by force or authority; overwhelm; keep from being revealed +supreme: most outstanding; highest; superior +surcharge: an additional charge; charge an extra fee +surface: exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; outside; outward or external appearance +surge: outburst; roll or be tossed about on waves, as a boat +surgeon: one who performs manual operations on a patient +surgery: medical treatment that involves cutting open a person's body +surmise: guess; infer something without sufficiently conclusive evidence +surpass: be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed +surplus: remainder; more than is needed; quantity much larger than is needed; remaining +surrender: hand over, give up, give something into another's control +survey: poll; detailed critical inspection +survival: existence; remaining alive +survive: continue to live; endure or last +survivor: one who outlives another; one who lives through affliction +suspect: have doubts about; distrust +suspend: hang freely; postpone; delay +suspense: uncertain cognitive state; uncertainty +suspicion: mistrust; act of suspecting something, especially something wrong, on little evidence or without proof +suspicious: openly distrustful and unwilling to confide; questionable +sustain: admit as valid; keep in existence; lengthen or extend in duration or space +swallow: take back what one has said ; enclose or envelop completely +swamp: low land that is seasonally flooded; low land region saturated with water +swarm: dense moving crowd; large group of honeybees +sway: swing; move back and forth or sideways; win approval or support for; convinceswear: affirm or utter a solemn declaration; make promise or resolve on oath +sweater: knitted garment covering the upper part of the body +sweep: movement in an arc; clean with a broom; wide scope; winning all +swell: bulge; expand abnormally; increase in size; become filled with pride or anger +swift: quick; moving or capable of moving with great speed +swing: sway or move from one side to another; turn round by wind or tide; be hanged +syllable: a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme +symbol: sign; something visible to represent something else invisible +symbolize: represent; signify; stand for +symmetry: arrangement of parts so that balance is obtained; congruity +sympathetic: expressing compassion or friendly fellow feelings; approving; having similar disposition and tastes +sympathize: be understanding of; feel or express sympathy or compassion +sympathy: compassion; pity; concern +symphony: large orchestra; harmony, especially of sound or color +symposium: collection of writings on a particular topic, as in a magazine; meeting or conference for discussion of a topic; drinking together; merry feast +symptom: sign; indication; any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient +synonym: two words that can be interchanged in a context +synthesis: combining parts into a coherent whole; putting of two or more things togethe +synthetic: artificial; involving or of the nature of synthesis as opposed to analysis +system: organized structure for arranging or classifying +systematic: ordered; methodical; carried on using step-by-step procedures T +table: set resolution or proposal for future consideration; hold back to a later time +tablet: a small flat compressed cake of some substance; a dose of medicine +tack: small, short, sharp-pointed nail, usually having a broad, flat head +tackle: apparatus for raising or lowering heavy weights, consisting of a rope and pulley blocks; act of stopping an opposing player carrying the ball +tact: sense of touch; feeling; stroke in beating time; sensitive mental touch; peculiar skill or faculty +tactics: strategy; policy; plan for attaining a particular goal +tag: attach; append; provide with a name or nickname; label +tailor: one whose occupation is making garments; create clothes with cloth +talent: skill; gift; marked innate ability, as for artistic accomplishment +tally: record by making a mark; reckon or count; keep score +tame: domesticated; very restrained or quiet; make less strong or intense; soften +tan: yellowish-brown color; brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun +tangle: uniting or knitting together confusedly; knot of threads, or other thing, united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged +tap: draw upon; strike lightly; make good use of +tape: long thin piece of cloth or paper; measuring instrument for length by narrow strip +tar: sailor or seaman; thick, black, viscous liquid obtained by the distillation of wood, coal +target: reference point to shoot at; goal intended to be attained +tariff: tax on goods coming into a country +task: labor or study imposed by another; undertake; labor +taste: have experience or enjoyment; take a sample of; have flavor +taxation: laying a tax, or imposing taxes, as on the subjects of a state, by authority; raising of revenue +team: a number of persons associated together in any work; a flock of wild ducksteapot: pot for brewing tea; usually has a spout and handle +tear: separate or be separated by force; divide or disrupt; fill with tears or shed tears +tease: tear into pieces; raise the fibers of +technical: having special skill or knowledge; according to principle; formal rather than practical; relating to technique +technician: one skilled particularly in the technical details of work +technique: practical method or art applied to some particular task; skillfulness +technology: application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives +tedious: tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; progressing very slowly +telegraph: apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire +telescope: a magnifier of images of distant objects +telex: communications system consisting of teletypewriters connected to a telephonic network to send and receive signals +temper: moderate; tone down or restrain; bring to a desired consistency; adjust finely +temperature: degree of any quality; condition with respect to heat or cold; degree of heat or cold +temple: church; place of worship +temporary: not permanent; not lasting +tempt: give rise to a desire by being attractive +temptation: act of tempting, or enticing to evil; seduction +tenant: occupant; one that pays rent to use land or building +tend: make a tender of; be disposed or inclined; move or extend in a certain direction +tendency: trend; a general direction in which something tends to move +tender: offer formally; extend; propose a payment +tenor: general, usual, or prevailing course or direction; settled or prevailing or habitual course of a person's life +tense: stretch or force to the limit; tight +tension: action of stretching something tight; anxiety; feelings of hostility +tentative: hesitant; not fully worked out or developed; experimental; not definite or positive +term: limited period of time; point in time at which something ends; termination; deadlineterminal: causing or ending in or approaching death; station +terminate: stop; bring to an end or halt +termination: end of something in time or space; result or outcome; conclusion +terminology: vocabulary of technical terms used in a particular field, subject, science, or art +terrace: row of houses built in a similar style; level shelf of land with steep slopes +terribly: dreadfully; frightfully; to a great extent; very much +terrific: causing extreme terror; very great; extraordinarily good +terrify: frighten; fill with terror +territory: large extent of land; organized portion of country +terror: extreme fear; violent dread; fright +testify: give testimony in a court of law; provide evidence for +testimony: solemn declaration or affirmation; something that serves as evidence +text: written words; book prepared for use in schools or colleges +textile: cloth; fabric +theatrical: of or pertaining to theater, or to scenic representations; resembling manner of dramatic performers; histrionic; artificial +theft: act of taking something from someone unlawfully; stealing +theme: subject of conversation or discussion; topic; essay +theoretical: not practical or applied; hypothetical; of or based on theory +theory: doctrine or scheme of things; general or abstract principles of any science +thereby: thus; accordingly; by that means; because of that +therefore: consequently; hence +thermometer: instrument for measuring temperature +thesis: paper; dissertation; an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument +thigh: part of the leg between the hip and the knee +thirst: sensation of dryness in the throat +thorn: something that causes irritation; a sharp-pointed tip on a stem or leaf +thorough: accurate or careful; completethoughtful: considerate; having intellectual depth; giving close attention +thrash: beat severely; discuss or examine repeatedly; use a machine or flail to separate grain or seeds from straw +thread: a very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous substance; filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance +threaten: pose a threat to; present a danger to +threshold: entrance; starting point for a new state or experience +thrifty: careful about money; economical +thrill: feel sudden intense sensation or emotion; tremble as from fear or excitement +thrive: make steady progress; prosper; flourish +throat: part of neck in front of; passage to stomach and lung +throng: large group of people gathered or crowded closely together +throughout: in every part; in or through all parts; everywhere; during the entire time or extent +thrust: push; force used in pushing ; activity or idea is the main or essential thing it expresses +thumb: short, thick first digit of human hand +thunder: sound which follows flash of lightning; discharge of electricity; loud noise +thunderstorm: storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning +tick: emit recurring clicking sounds; do well or as designed +tide: periodic rise and fall of the sea level +tidy: being in proper time; timely; arranged in good order; orderly; appropriate; neat; kept in proper +tighten: draw tighter; straiten; make closer in any manner. +tile: flat thin rectangular slab used to cover surfaces; short length of pipe made of clay or concrete, used in sewers and drains +tilt: slight but noticeable partiality; line or surface that departs from the vertical +timber: wood; lumber; trees or wooded land considered as a source of wood +timely: being or occurring in good time; sufficiently early; seasonable +timid: shy; craven; lacking self-confidence; shy +tip: piece or attachment; end of a pointed or projecting object; a V shape ; indication of potential +opportunitytissue: groups of cells that make particular parts of the body; soft thin paper +title: right or claim to possession; mark of rank; name of a book or film +toast: dry and brown by heat of fire; warm thoroughly; drink to the health or in honor +toe: one of digits of the foot; forepart of a foot or hoof +toil: exhausting labor or effort; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey +token: something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; sign or symbol; memorial of friendship +tolerable: capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. +tolerance: capacity for or the practice of recognizing and respecting the beliefs or practices of others; capacity to endure hardship or pain +tolerant: showing respect for the rights of others; open-minded; showing capacity for endurance +tolerate: endure; withstand; allow without prohibiting or opposing; permit +toll: take away; vacate; annul; entice; allure; cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; call, summon, or notify +tongue: organ situated in floor of mouth; speech; language; clapper of bell +topic: subject of a speech, essay, thesis, discussion, or conversation +torch: large candle or lamp giving flaring flame; flashlight +torrent: rushing stream; flood; heavy downpour +torture: extreme pain; anguish of body or mind +toss: throw carelessly; throw to see which side comes up; move or stir about violently +tough: hard; difficult; feeling physical discomfort or pain; hard to bear +tourism: practice of traveling for pleasure; business of providing tours and services for tourists +tow: draw or pull behind by a chain or line +towel: rectangular cloth or paper for drying or wiping +tower: building or part of a building that is exceptionally high in proportion to its width and length; tall, slender structure used for observation, signaling, or pumping +trace: follow, discover; make a mark or lines on a surface +track: road or path affording passage; line or route along which something moves +tractor: a truck that has a cab but no body 0 +tradition: thought or behavior followed from generation to generation; heritage +tragedy: disaster; event resulting in great loss and misfortune +trail: path or track roughly through wild or hilly country; overland route +traitor: one who violates his allegiance and betrays his country +tramp: travel or wander through; cleanse clothes in water +trample: destroy; step on +tranquil: free from disturbance; pacific +transaction: deal; communication involving two or more people that affects all those involved +transfer: shifting; conveyance or removal of something from one place, person, or thing to another +transform: change in outward structure or looks; convert +transformation: change in form , appearance, nature, disposition, condition, or the like +transistor: small electronic device containing a semiconductor and having at least three electrical contacts +transit: act of passing; passage through or over; line or route of passage +transition: going from one state of action to another +transmission: act of transmitting; automotive assembly of gears; sending of a signal +transmit: forward; send from one person or place to another +transparent: easily detected; permitting light to pass through freely +transplant: act of uprooting and moving a plant to a new location +transport: carry from one place to another; carry away; deport +trap: catch; hold or catch as if in a hole +traverse: go through or across, often under difficult conditions +tray: an open receptacle for holding or displaying or serving articles or food +tread: step on; mate with; place the foot +treason: disloyalty; betrayal of trust or confidence +treatment: handling; care that are intended to relieve illness or injury +treaty: act of treating for the adjustment of differences; negotiation +tremble: shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness; quake; quiver; shiver; shuddertremendous: huge; capable of making one tremble; terrible +trench: canal; deep furrow or ditch; long, steep-sided valley on the ocean floor +trend: popular taste; general direction in which something tends to move +trial: experiment; act of testing; examination of evidence to determine the charges or claims +tribe: family, race, or series of generations, descending from the same direct ancestor, and kept distinct +tribute: payment in money made by one ruler or nation; tax; mark of respect; praiseworthy quality +trick: cunning or deceitful activity; attempt to get others to do something foolish +trickle: flow in drops; run or flow slowly; drip +trifle: a thing of very little value or importance +trigger: cause something happen; set off +trim: clip; cut down to the desired size or shape +triple: consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; three times repeated +triumph: victory; win; expressing great joy +trivial: unimportant; of little significance or value; ordinary; commonplace +tropic: one of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated on each side of the equator, and parallel to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north or south; region lying between these parallels of latitude +tropical: relating to region on either side of the equator; hot and humid +troublesome: annoying; bothersome +trumpet: brass musical instrument with brilliant tone +trunk: stem, or body, of a tree; main stem, without the branches; body of animal apart from the head and limbs +tub: a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids +tube: hollow cylindrical shape; underground railway +tuck: make one or more folds in; store in a safe spot; put in a snug spot +tug: pull or draw with great effort; draw along with continued exertion; haul along; tow +tuition: teaching pupils individually; fee for instruction, especially at a formal institution of learning +tumble: fall down, as if collapsing +tumult: noise, as made by a crowd; riot or uprisingtunnel: passageway through or under something, usually underground +turbulent: characterized by unrest or disorder +turnover: act or result of turning over; upset; abrupt change; number of workers hired by an establishment to replace those who have left in a given period of time +tutor: guide; give individual instruction +twig: small branch or division of a branch +twilight: light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of the sun; faint light; dubious or uncertain medium through which anything is viewed +twinkle: open and shut the eye rapidly; blink; wink +twist: turn in the opposite direction; form into a spiral shape +typhoon: tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific; violent whirlwind +typical: conforming to a type; representative +tyranny: oppression; cruel government; office or authority of an absolute ruler; absolute power +tyrant: absolute ruler; sovereign unrestrained by law or constitution +tyre: tire; covering for a wheel, usually made of rubber reinforced with cords of nylon U +ugly: offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; disagreeable aspect; unsightly +ultimate: final; being the last or concluding; fundamental; elemental; extreme +ultimately: as final consequence; at last; in the end +ultrasonic: supersonic; higher in frequency than the range of sound perceptible to the human ear +ultraviolet: wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X rays +unanimous: uniform; in complete agreement +unbearable: unendurable; so unpleasant, distasteful, or painful as to be intolerable +unconscious: lacking awareness; senseless; unaware +uncover: remove the cover from; expose; disclose +underestimate: make too low an estimate of the quantity; undervalue +undergo: experience; suffer; pass through +undergraduate: university student who has not yet received a first degree +underground: under the level of the ground; buried +underline: mark a line below, as words; underscore. +underlying: lying under or beneath something; basic; implicit; taking precedence; prior +undermine: weaken by wearing away base or foundation; injure or impair; dig a mine or tunnel beneath +underneath: under or below an object or a surface; lower down on the page +undertake: take on; embark on; assume +undertaking: task or assignment undertaken; career +undo: release; cause the ruin or downfall of; cancel or reverse an action +undoubtedly: unquestionably; without doubt; certainly +undue: not due; not yet owing; not just, proper, or legal; ; excessive +uneasy: not easy; difficult; restless; disturbed by pain, anxiety +unfair: unjust; contrary to laws or conventions, especially in commerce +unfold: extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length; happen +unfortunately: unluckily; by bad luck +uniform: consistent; standardized; clothing of a particular group +unique: without an equal; being the only one of its kind +unity: cohesion; harmony; quality of being united into one +universal: affecting all; general; present everywhere; relating to the entire world or all within the world; worldwide +universe: cosmos; everything that exists anywhere +unlikely: improbable; has little chance of being the case or coming about +unload: take something off a container +unprecedented: having no previous example; novel; unparalleled +unsatisfactory: not giving satisfaction; inadequate +unstable: inconstant; variable; lacking control of one's emotions; constantly changing +unwarranted: having no justification; groundless; not guaranteed to be good, sound, or of a certain quality +uphold: support; preserve; hold aloft; raise +upright: in an erect position or posture; perpendicular; vertical, or nearly vertical; pointing upward +upset: concerned by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief +urban: metropolitan; of, relating to, or located in a city +urge: force in an indicated direction; stimulate; excite +urgent: pressing; compelling immediate action or attention +utensil: instrument, implement, or container for practical use, especially in kitchen or laboratory +utility: something useful; public service +utilization: state of having been made use of; the act of using +utilize: put into service; take advantage of +utmost: farthest point or extremity; most distant; extreme +utter: speak; express; send forth with the voice +utterance: vocal expression; power of speaking; last or utmost extremity +vacancy: absence; emptiness +vacant: void of thought or knowledge; without an occupant or incumbent +vacation: leisure time away from work; act of making something legally void +vaccinate: perform or produce immunity +vacuum: empty area or space; electrical home appliance that cleans by suction +vague: imprecise; indistinct; not clearly expressed; inexplicit +vain: having no real substance, value, or importance; empty; void; worthless; unsatisfying +valid: logically convincing; sound; legally acceptable; well grounded +validity: quality of having legal force or effectiveness +valley: space between ranges of mountains; area drained or irrigated by a river system; internal angle formed by intersection +valve: device or structure for controlling the flow of a fluid +vanish: disappear; pass out of sight, especially quickly; die out +vanity: quality or state of being vain; emptiness; feelings of excessive pride; conceit +vapor: gas; steam; barely visible or cloudy diffused matter, such as mist or smoke +variable: factor; something that is likely to vary; changeable; inconstant +variance: an event that departs from expectations; the expected value of the square of the deviations of a random variable from its mean value +variant: varying in from, character, or the like; variable; different; diverse. +variation: act of changing or altering +varied: differed; diversified; various +variety: diversity; quality or condition of being various or varied +various: different; diverse; several; manifold; changeable; uncertain +varnish: deceptively attractive external appearance; paint to coat a surface with a hard, glossy, transparent film +vary: change aspect of; alter in form, appearance, substance, position; make different by a partial change; modify +vast: large; broad; extensive; very great in size, number, amount, or quantity +vault: arched brick or stone ceiling or roof; burial chamber usually underground +vegetable: any of numerous herbaceous plants to eat in meal +vehicle: automobile; means of conveying; medium +veil: a length of cloth worn by women over the head, shoulders, and often the face; cover; hide +vein: blood vessel that carries blood +velocity: rapidity or speed of motion; swiftness +vengeance: punishment inflicted in return for an injury or an offense; retribution +ventilate: freshen; circulate through and freshen +ventilation: act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air +venture: put at risk; adventure +verbal: expressed in spoken rather than written words; consisting of words alone without action +verge: extreme edge or margin; border; enclosing boundary; space enclosed by such a boundary +verify: confirm; prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or testimony +versatile: having many talents; capable of working in many fields +verse: a piece of poetry +version: written work in a new form; edition; interpretation of a particular viewpoint +vertical: upright in position or posture; oriented vertically +vessel: craft; ship; container for liquids +veteran: someone who has given long service +veto: rejection; vote that blocks a decision; deny; prohibit; command against +vex: annoy; disturb, especially by minor irritations; be a mystery or bewildering to +via: by the way of +vibrate: shake, quiver; move or swing from side to side regularly +vibration: act of vibrating; a shaky motion +vice: moral fault or failing; evil, degrading, or immoral practice or habit; physical defect or weakness +vicinity: state of being near in space or relationship; proximity +vicious: by vice or defects; defective; imperfect; having the nature of vice; evil, immoral, or depraved +victorious: successful; being the winner in a contest or struggle +victory: successful ending of struggle or contest; defeat of an enemy or opponent +vigor: active strength of body or mind; imaginative lively style, especially style of writing; exertion of force +vigorous: robust; strong; energetic, and active in mind or body +vine: weak-stemmed plant that derives support from climbing +violate: treat in a violent manner; abuse; do violence to; disturb; interrupt +violence: physical force exerted for the purpose of violating, damaging, or abusing +violent: turbulent; intensely vivid or loud; by violence or bloodshed +violin: small instrument with four strings, played with a bow; a fiddle +virtual: existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact; existing in mind, especially as a product of imagination +virtually: almost completely; practically; essentially +virtue: goodness, moral excellence; good quality +virus: disease communicator; something that poisons one's soul or mind; program for unwanted actions in computer +viscous: sticky; gluey; having high resistance to flow +visible: being often in public eye; obvious to the eye +vision: ability to see; sight; vivid mental image +visual: seen or able to be seen by the eye; visible; optical +vital: full of life; animated; necessary to continued existence; living or breathing +vivid: bright; lively; graphic; having striking color +vocation: career; profession +vogue: popular fashion; current state or style of general acceptance and use +void: emptiness; containing nothing; clear or empty a place +volcano: fissure in the earth's crust through which molten lava and gases erupt +volley: flight of missiles; round of gunshots; tennis return made by hitting the ball before it bounces +voltage: difference in electrical charge between two points +volume: capacity; amount of space occupied by an object +voluntary: done or undertaken of one's own free will; unforced +volunteer: person who performs or offers to perform a service voluntarily +vote: formal expression of preference for a candidate; number of cast in election; result of election or referendum +voter: a citizen who has a legal right to vote +voucher: a piece of substantiating evidence; proof; written authorization or certificate +vow: solemn promise made to God; promise of fidelity; pledge of love or affection +vowel: speech sound made with the vocal tract open +voyage: long journey to a foreign or distant place, especially by sea; aviation +vulgar: common; low; coarse; belonging or relating to the common people, as distinguished from the cultivated or educated; lacking cultivation or refinement +vulnerable: susceptible to wounds; capable of being wounded or hurt +wade: paddle; walk through relatively shallow water +wag: move one way and the other with quick turns; shake to and fro; move in vibrating; cause to vibrate +wage: hazard on the event of a contest; stake; engage in, as a contest; adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; hire; employ +wagon: any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by a horse or tractor +waist: narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips +waive: give up temporarily; yield; give up voluntarily; defer +wake: trail of ship or other object through water; path of something that has gone before +walnut: tree with 0 - 0 meters tall; hard, dark brown wood of any of these trees +wander: move about without a definite destination or purpose; range about; stroll; go away; depart +ward: guard; defender; protector; state under guard; division of a county; division of a hospital +wardrobe: tall cabinet, closet, or small room built to hold clothes +ware: articles of merchandise; style or class of manufactures; especially, in the plural, goods; commodities; merchandise +warehouse: depot; storehouse for goods and merchandise +warfare: military service; military life; contest carried on by enemies +warrant: guarantee; assurance by seller; authorization or certification +warrior: fighter; combatant; one who is engaged in or experienced in battle +waterproof: tight; unaffected by water; made of or covered with material that doesn't allow water in +waver: play or move to and fro; move one way and the other; swing; be unsettled in opinion +wax: increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity; show a progressively larger illuminated area +weapon: arms +weary: tired; exhausted; physically or mentally fatiguedweather: endure the effects of weather or other forces; come through safely; survive +weave: pattern or structure by weaving ; knit; interlace +weaver: craftsman who weaves cloth +web: textile fabric; complex, interconnected structure or arrangement; the World Wide Web; radio or television network +wedding: marriage ceremony; act of marrying; anniversary of a marriage +wedge: a piece of metal, or other hard material, thick at one end, and tapering to a thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks +weed: undesirable or troublesome plant, especially growing where it is not wanted as in a garden. +weld: unite closely or intimately; join together by heating +welfare: benefit; something that aids health or happiness +whereas: considering that; it being the case that; since +whereby: by which; by what; how +whilst: while +whip: overlay with other cords going round and round it; take or move by a sudden motion; clean completely +whirl: act of rotating or revolving rapidly; state of confusion; tumult +whisper: speaking in a quiet voice; soft speech produced without full voice; secretly expressed belief, rumor, or hint +whistle: make a kind of musical sound by lips; emit a similar sound from mouth as birds +wholesale: selling or related to selling goods in large quantities; large-scale; on a large scale without careful discrimination +wholesaler: someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants +wholesome: conducive to sound health or well-being; beneficial +wicked: evil in principle or practice; contrary to moral or divine law; addicted to vice or sin +widespread: spread or scattered over a considerable extent; occurring or accepted widely +width: extent of something from side to side +wield: handle (a weapon or tool, for example) with skill and ease. exercise effectively; handle; have power over; rule; manage +wilderness: a tract of land, or a region, uncultivated and uninhabited by human beings, whether a forest or a wide, barren plain; wild or desertwillow: trees having usually narrow leaves +winding: twisting or turning; spiral +wisdom: quality of being wise; knowledge ; results of wise judgments +wit: intellect; mental ability; natural ability to perceive and understand +withdraw: remove from; pull back; break from gathering; retreat; depart +withdrawal: secession; retreat or retirement +wither: shrivel; decay; lose freshness, vigor, or vitality; loss of moisture +withhold: refuse to give; refrain from giving, granting, or permitting; deduct from employee's salary +withstand: stand up against; successfully resist; oppose with force or resolution +witness: someone who sees an event and reports what happened; observe; watch +woe: deep, inconsolable grief; affliction; suffering; deep distress or misery, as from grief +woods: small forest; woodland; dense collection of trees covering a relatively small area +wool: dense, soft, often curly hair forming the coat of sheep and certain other mammals +wording: act or style of expressing in words; expression, or power of expression +worldwide: global; universal; throughout the world +worst: be better than; defeat; gain the advantage over +worthwhile: sufficiently valuable +wrap: enclose; arrange or fold as a cover or protection +wrath: forceful, often vindictive anger; fury; just punishment of an offense or crime +wreck: destruction; destroy; smash or break forcefully +wrench: twist or turn suddenly and forcibly; move, extract, or force free by pulling violently +wrestle: contend by grappling with, and striving to trip or throw down an opponent; struggle or strive earnestly +wretched: very miserable; sunk in, or accompanied by deep affliction or distress; calamitous; woeful; worthless +wring: twist; squeeze; compress, especially so as to extract liquid +wrinkle: a minor difficulty; a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface +wrist: joint between the hand and the forearmY +yacht: light ship used for private pleasure trips +yard: rod; stick; branch; long piece of timber; measure of length, equaling three feet +yawn: open the mouth wide with a deep inhalation, usually involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue, or boredom +yearn: pain; grieve; vex; be pained or distressed; feel deep pity, sympathy, or tenderness +yeast: foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation +yield: give in; surrender; give forth a natural product; be productive +yoke: join together, unite; harness a draft animal to; join securely; force into heavy labor +yolk: nutritive material; greasy substance found in unprocessed sheep's wool; yellow part of an eggZ +zeal: intense interest; eagerness to accomplish some object +zealous: enthusiastic; filled with or motivated by zeal +zone: region; portion of the surface of a sphere; +zoology: part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom