diff --git a/.changes/v1.14/BUG FIXES-20251031-144915.yaml b/.changes/v1.14/BUG FIXES-20251031-144915.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8bc6c766e30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changes/v1.14/BUG FIXES-20251031-144915.yaml	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+kind: BUG FIXES
+body: 'providers lock: include providers required by terraform test'
+time: 2025-10-31T14:49:15.121756+01:00
+custom:
+    Issue: "37851"
diff --git a/internal/command/providers_lock.go b/internal/command/providers_lock.go
index 970a92881b38..aba227122c87 100644
--- a/internal/command/providers_lock.go
+++ b/internal/command/providers_lock.go
@@ -44,10 +44,12 @@ func (c *ProvidersLockCommand) Run(args []string) int {
 	var optPlatforms arguments.FlagStringSlice
 	var fsMirrorDir string
 	var netMirrorURL string
+	var testDirectory string
 
 	cmdFlags.Var(&optPlatforms, "platform", "target platform")
 	cmdFlags.StringVar(&fsMirrorDir, "fs-mirror", "", "filesystem mirror directory")
 	cmdFlags.StringVar(&netMirrorURL, "net-mirror", "", "network mirror base URL")
+	cmdFlags.StringVar(&testDirectory, "test-directory", "tests", "test-directory")
 	pluginCache := cmdFlags.Bool("enable-plugin-cache", false, "")
 	cmdFlags.Usage = func() { c.Ui.Error(c.Help()) }
 	if err := cmdFlags.Parse(args); err != nil {
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ func (c *ProvidersLockCommand) Run(args []string) int {
 		source = getproviders.NewRegistrySource(c.Services)
 	}
 
-	config, confDiags := c.loadConfig(".")
+	config, confDiags := c.loadConfigWithTests(".", testDirectory)
 	diags = diags.Append(confDiags)
 	reqs, hclDiags := config.ProviderRequirements()
 	diags = diags.Append(hclDiags)
@@ -416,6 +418,8 @@ Options:
   -enable-plugin-cache   Enable the usage of the globally configured plugin cache.
                          This will speed up the locking process, but the providers
                          won't be loaded from an authoritative source.
+
+  -test-directory=path	 Set the Terraform test directory, defaults to "tests".
 `
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/command/providers_lock_test.go b/internal/command/providers_lock_test.go
index 6e2ace31db74..5125c92af8db 100644
--- a/internal/command/providers_lock_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/providers_lock_test.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/cli"
+
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/addrs"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/depsfile"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/getproviders"
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/test" {
   ]
 }
 `
-		runProviderLockGenericTest(t, testDirectory, expected)
+		runProviderLockGenericTest(t, testDirectory, expected, false)
 	})
 
 	// This test depends on the -fs-mirror argument, so we always know what results to expect
@@ -67,11 +68,27 @@ provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/test" {
   ]
 }
 `
-		runProviderLockGenericTest(t, testDirectory, expected)
+		runProviderLockGenericTest(t, testDirectory, expected, false)
+	})
+
+	// This test depends on the -fs-mirror argument, so we always know what results to expect
+	t.Run("tests", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testDirectory := "providers-lock/with-tests"
+		expected := `# This file is maintained automatically by "terraform init".
+# Manual edits may be lost in future updates.
+
+provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/test" {
+  version = "1.0.0"
+  hashes = [
+    "h1:7MjN4eFisdTv4tlhXH5hL4QQd39Jy4baPhFxwAd/EFE=",
+  ]
+}
+`
+		runProviderLockGenericTest(t, testDirectory, expected, true)
 	})
 }
 
-func runProviderLockGenericTest(t *testing.T, testDirectory, expected string) {
+func runProviderLockGenericTest(t *testing.T, testDirectory, expected string, init bool) {
 	td := t.TempDir()
 	testCopyDir(t, testFixturePath(testDirectory), td)
 	t.Chdir(td)
@@ -86,6 +103,20 @@ func runProviderLockGenericTest(t *testing.T, testDirectory, expected string) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 	}
 
+	if init {
+		// optionally execute the get command to fetch local modules if the
+		// test case needs them
+		c := &GetCommand{
+			Meta: Meta{
+				Ui: new(cli.MockUi),
+			},
+		}
+		code := c.Run(nil)
+		if code != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("failed get command")
+		}
+	}
+
 	p := testProvider()
 	ui := new(cli.MockUi)
 	c := &ProvidersLockCommand{
diff --git a/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/fs-mirror/registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/test/1.0.0/os_arch/terraform-provider-test b/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/fs-mirror/registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/test/1.0.0/os_arch/terraform-provider-test
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
diff --git a/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/main.tf b/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
diff --git a/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/main.tftest.hcl b/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/main.tftest.hcl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a7dab355fddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/main.tftest.hcl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+run "test" {
+  module {
+    source = "./testing"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/testing/main.tf b/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/testing/main.tf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e75a64c0ca0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/command/testdata/providers-lock/with-tests/testing/main.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+terraform {
+  required_providers {
+    test = {
+      source = "hashicorp/test"
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file