notes.txt

1. Statically Typed (Type must be defined at compile time)
2. Strong Typed (Type of a var cannot change)
3. GO is compiled
4. Fast compile time (Code -> Binary)
5. Built in concurrency (Goroutine)
6. Simple (Garbage Collection)

packages - Folder with go files
modules - Collection of packages


Commands:

cd tutorials
go mod init tutorials
go build -o main main.go
./main

go run main.go  (Compile and Run) - No exe generated (To just run this file)

go run *.go -> To run all the files

array - fixed length, same type, indexable, contiguous in memory
slice - array + additional funtionality - more general, powerful and convenient interface
// initiallizing slice with initial capacity has better performance


strings
- array of utf-8 encoded bytes
- immutable

utf-8 encoding = strings in go
ascii = 7 bits = 128 chars
utf-32 = 32 bits = lots of unused bits
utf-8 = variable length encoding

ascii = 1 byte = 0xxx...
é = 233 unicode point number = 2 bytes = 11000011 10101001


struct - user-defined type, define methods that link with struct
anonymous struct - define and initialize, not reusable


interface - general template for any object


pointers - store memory location
pass by value; pass by reference

goroutines
- Launch multiple functions and run them concurrently
- concurrency != parallel execution
- concurrency = multiple tasks in-progress at the same time
- if multi-core CPU -> parallel execution

channels (pipe that connects gorotines)
- enables goroutine to pass around infomation
- hold data (int, slice, etc)
- thread safe (avoid race condtion during r&w)
- listen for data
- unbuffered channel and buffered channel (store multiple values)
- select stmt = if stmt for channels -> Used to wait on multiple channels



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http
go mod init http
go run main.go



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IMPORTANT TOPICS IN GO
1. slice, map
2. fns - multiple returns, variable num of args, closure (anonymous functions)
3. pointers
4. strings and rune
5. structs, methods and interfaces
6. Generics
7. Errors
8. Goroutines, Channels and Select
Continue from timers - https://gobyexample.com/timers