diff --git a/src/adapter/lambda-edge/handler.ts b/src/adapter/lambda-edge/handler.ts
index 12e58ccdf..3f512d7b8 100644
--- a/src/adapter/lambda-edge/handler.ts
+++ b/src/adapter/lambda-edge/handler.ts
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ const createResult = async (res: Response): Promise<CloudFrontResult> => {
     status: res.status.toString(),
     headers: convertHeaders(res.headers),
     body,
-    ...(isBase64Encoded ? { bodyEncoding: 'base64' } : {}),
+    ...(isBase64Encoded && { bodyEncoding: 'base64' }),
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/client/client.ts b/src/client/client.ts
index 2d5edeff5..ec8eb24fe 100644
--- a/src/client/client.ts
+++ b/src/client/client.ts
@@ -80,12 +80,8 @@ class ClientRequestImpl {
     let methodUpperCase = this.method.toUpperCase()
 
     const headerValues: Record<string, string> = {
-      ...(args?.header ?? {}),
-      ...(typeof opt?.headers === 'function'
-        ? await opt.headers()
-        : opt?.headers
-        ? opt.headers
-        : {}),
+      ...args?.header,
+      ...(typeof opt?.headers === 'function' ? await opt.headers() : opt?.headers),
     }
 
     if (args?.cookie) {
@@ -201,7 +197,7 @@ export const hc = <T extends Hono<any, any, any>>(
     const req = new ClientRequestImpl(url, method)
     if (method) {
       options ??= {}
-      const args = deepMerge<ClientRequestOptions>(options, { ...(opts.args[1] ?? {}) })
+      const args = deepMerge<ClientRequestOptions>(options, { ...opts.args[1] })
       return req.fetch(opts.args[0], args)
     }
     return req
diff --git a/src/middleware/jsx-renderer/index.ts b/src/middleware/jsx-renderer/index.ts
index 195a02293..bda5ce976 100644
--- a/src/middleware/jsx-renderer/index.ts
+++ b/src/middleware/jsx-renderer/index.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ const createRenderer =
       ? jsx(
           (props: any) => component(props, c),
           {
-            ...{ Layout, ...(props as any) },
+            Layout,
+            ...(props as any),
           },
           children as any
         )