From 1002d51f4c93d8c3cb9ba50a2c9084329e745ca3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pierre Augier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2025 09:05:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] microbench: purepy

---
 microbench/conftest.py          | 23 +++++++++--
 microbench/src/purepy_simple.py | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 microbench/test_microbench.py   | 11 ++++-
 3 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 microbench/src/purepy_simple.py

diff --git a/microbench/conftest.py b/microbench/conftest.py
index 8e553ffe7..eecb1bb5c 100644
--- a/microbench/conftest.py
+++ b/microbench/conftest.py
@@ -73,15 +73,27 @@ def display_summary(self, tr):
         w = tr.write_line
         w('')
         tr.write_sep('=', 'BENCHMARKS', cyan=True)
-        w(' '*40 + '             cpy                    hpy')
-        w(' '*40 + '----------------    -------------------')
+        line = ' '*40 + '             cpy                    hpy'
+        if 'purepy' in self.apis:
+            line += '                 purepy'
+        w(line)
+        line = ' '*40 + '----------------    -------------------'
+        if 'purepy' in self.apis:
+            line += '    -------------------'
+        w(line)
         for shortid, timings in self.table.items():
             cpy = timings.get('cpy')
             hpy = timings.get('hpy')
+            purepy = timings.get('purepy')
             hpy_ratio = self.format_ratio(cpy, hpy)
+            purepy_ratio = self.format_ratio(cpy, purepy)
             cpy = cpy or ''
             hpy = hpy or ''
-            w(f'{shortid:<40} {cpy!s:>15} {hpy!s:>15} {hpy_ratio}')
+            purepy = purepy or ''
+            w(
+                f'{shortid:<40} {cpy!s:>15} {hpy!s:>15} {hpy_ratio} '
+                f'{purepy!s:>15} {purepy_ratio}'
+            )
         w('')
 
 
@@ -95,6 +107,7 @@ def pytest_configure(config):
     config._timersession = TimerSession()
     config.addinivalue_line("markers", "hpy: mark modules using the HPy API")
     config.addinivalue_line("markers", "cpy: mark modules using the old Python/C API")
+    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "purepy: mark modules using pure Python")
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser):
     parser.addoption(
@@ -103,7 +116,9 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser):
     parser.addoption(
         "--slow", action="store_true", default=False, help="run microbench slower"
     )
-
+    parser.addoption(
+        "--purepy", action="store_true", default=False, help="run pure Python microbenchmarks"
+    )
 
 VERBOSE_TEST_NAME_LENGTH = 90
 
diff --git a/microbench/src/purepy_simple.py b/microbench/src/purepy_simple.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a7e091ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/src/purepy_simple.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+class Foo:
+    """"""
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return 42
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return None
+
+    def noargs(
+        self,
+    ):
+        """"""
+
+    def onearg(self, arg):
+        """"""
+
+    def varargs(self, *args):
+        """"""
+
+    def call_with_tuple(self, func, *args):
+        """"""
+        if len(args) != 1:
+            raise TypeError("call_with_tuple requires two arguments")
+        return func(*args[0])
+
+    def call_with_tuple_and_dict(self, func, *args):
+        """"""
+        return func(args[0][0], args[1]["b"])
+
+    def allocate_int(
+        self,
+    ):
+        return 2048
+
+    def allocate_tuple(self):
+        return (2048, 2049)
+
+
+def noargs():
+    """"""
+
+
+def onearg(arg):
+    """"""
+
+
+def varargs(*args):
+    """"""
+
+
+def call_with_tuple(func, *args):
+    """"""
+    if len(args) != 1:
+        raise TypeError("call_with_tuple requires two arguments")
+    return func(*args[0])
+
+
+def call_with_tuple_and_dict(func, *args):
+    """"""
+    return func(args[0][0], args[1]["b"])
+
+
+def allocate_int():
+    return 2048
+
+
+def allocate_tuple():
+    return (2048, 2049)
+
+
+HTFoo = Foo
diff --git a/microbench/test_microbench.py b/microbench/test_microbench.py
index ddddad11a..16906474b 100644
--- a/microbench/test_microbench.py
+++ b/microbench/test_microbench.py
@@ -3,14 +3,20 @@
 timing and display the results is inside conftest.py
 """
 
+import sys
+
 import pytest
 import _valgrind
 
 API_PARAMS = [
     pytest.param('cpy', marks=pytest.mark.cpy),
-    pytest.param('hpy', marks=pytest.mark.hpy)
+    pytest.param('hpy', marks=pytest.mark.hpy),
     ]
 
+if any(arg.endswith("purepy") for arg in sys.argv):
+    API_PARAMS.append(pytest.param('purepy', marks=pytest.mark.purepy))
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(params=API_PARAMS)
 def api(request):
     return request.param
@@ -23,6 +29,9 @@ def simple(request, api):
     elif api == 'hpy':
         import hpy_simple
         return hpy_simple
+    elif api == 'purepy':
+        import purepy_simple
+        return purepy_simple
     else:
         assert False, 'Unkown param: %s' % request.param
 

From 2f3b794295fb02624d79477b7c47039388992793 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2025 10:07:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] microbench: print_other_vs_cpy.py, cpyext and hpy

---
 microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py b/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
index a303d6f4a..c563a9bac 100644
--- a/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
+++ b/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
@@ -21,39 +21,57 @@ def data_from_path(path):
     )
     lines = txt.splitlines()[3:-2]
 
-    if "cpy" in path.name:
-        index_time = 1
-    else:
-        parts = lines[0].split()
-        if len(parts) == 3:
-            index_time = 1
+    index_time_cpy = 1
+    index_time_hpy = 3
+
+    parts = lines[0].split()
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        if "cpy" in path.name:
+            index_time_hpy = None
         else:
-            index_time = 3
+            index_time_cpy = None
+            index_time_hpy = 1
 
     names = []
-    times = []
+    times_cpy = []
+    times_hpy = []
 
     for line in lines:
         parts = line.split()
         names.append(parts[0])
-        times.append(float(parts[index_time]))
+        if index_time_cpy is not None:
+            times_cpy.append(float(parts[index_time_cpy]))
+        if index_time_hpy is not None:
+            times_hpy.append(float(parts[index_time_hpy]))
 
-    return names, times
+    return names, times_cpy, times_hpy
 
 
-names, times_cpy = data_from_path(path_result_cpy)
-names, times_other = data_from_path(path_result_other)
+names, times_cpy_cpy, times_cpy_hpy = data_from_path(path_result_cpy)
+names, times_other_cpyext, times_other_hpy = data_from_path(path_result_other)
 
 max_length_name = 45
 fmt_name = f"{{:{max_length_name}s}}"
 
-out = f" {other} HPy univ / CPy native (time ratio, smaller is better) "
+out = f" {other} / CPy native (time ratio, smaller is better) "
 num_chars = 81
 num_equals = (num_chars - len(out)) // 2
 
 print("\n" + num_equals * "=" + out + num_equals * "=")
 
-for index, t_other in enumerate(times_other):
-    ratio = t_other / times_cpy[index]
+if times_other_cpyext:
+    print(max_length_name * " " + "cpyext    HPy univ")
+else:
+    print(max_length_name * " " + "HPy univ")
+
+for index, t_other_hpy in enumerate(times_other_hpy):
+    norm = times_cpy_cpy[index]
     name = fmt_name.format(names[index])
-    print(f"{name} {ratio:.2f}")
+
+    ratio = t_other_hpy / norm
+
+    if times_other_cpyext:
+        ratio_cpyext = times_other_cpyext[index] / norm
+        print(f"{name} {ratio_cpyext:5.2f}      {ratio:5.2f}")
+    else:
+        print(f"{name} {ratio:.2f}")

From 4c792efadf0b36ebc8333515fb051b4ff0813d50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2025 10:09:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] microbench: python3 -m pytest -v --purepy | tee
 tmp_results_cpython.txt also runs pure Python

---
 microbench/Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/microbench/Makefile b/microbench/Makefile
index 3044a8617..79585f93e 100644
--- a/microbench/Makefile
+++ b/microbench/Makefile
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ uninstall:
 	$(PYTHON) -m pip uninstall hpy.microbench --yes
 
 test:
-	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -v | tee tmp_results_$(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print(sys.implementation.name)").txt
+	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -v --purepy | tee tmp_results_$(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print(sys.implementation.name)").txt
 
 bench: test
 

From 78896b708e036fea2fc53c3d8d8682fae3c2d8c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2025 10:50:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] microbench: profile_alloc

---
 microbench/profile_alloc/README.md        | 71 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py | 32 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 103 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py

diff --git a/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md b/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4d5350c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Profile allocation
+
+```sh
+pip install vmprof
+sudo apt install libunwind-dev
+python -m vmprof -o tmp_output.log profile_alloc.py
+vmprofshow tmp_output.log tree
+```
+
+Example of (truncated) output (/path/to/pypy was /home/me/.local/share/uv/python/pypy-3.11.11-linux-x86_64-gnu):
+
+```text
+ 97.4% |. main  97.4%  profile_alloc.py:9
+  1.2% |.|. pypy_g_execute_frame  1.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.2% |.|.|. pypy_g_ll_portal_runner__Unsigned_Bool_pypy_interpreter  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_portal_12  86.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_handle_bytecode__AccessDirect_None  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_dispatch_bytecode__AccessDirect_None  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_opcode_impl_for_mul__AccessDirect_star_2  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_binop_mul_impl  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g__call_binop_impl____mul_____rmul__  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_get_and_call_function__star_1  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_funccall__star_2  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_BuiltinCode2_fastcall_2.part.0  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_fastfunc_descr_mul_2_6  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ObjectListStrategy_mul  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+ 87.4% |.|. pypy_g__finish_create_instance  89.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 49.1% |.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_malloc_fixed_or_varsize_no  56.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 47.7% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_external_malloc  97.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  2.1% |.|.|.|.|. malloc  4.4%  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6:0
+ 35.9% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_minor_collection_with_majo.part.0  75.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 35.2% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_major_collection_step  97.9%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 14.6% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_visit_all_objects_step  41.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  2.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__collect_ref_rec  15.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+  4.2% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ll_dict_setitem__DICTPtr_Address_Address  8.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+ 34.5% |.|.|. pypy_g_W_TupleObjectUserDictWeakrefable__hpy_set_raw_st  39.5%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 28.2% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_AbstractAttribute_write  81.9%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 26.7% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_Terminator__write_terminator  94.5%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 24.4% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g__reorder_and_add__v512___simple_call__function__  91.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  8.1% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_W_HPyObjectUserDictWeakrefable__set_mapdict_incr  33.1%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  8.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_and_reserve  99.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  8.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC__minor_collection  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  4.8% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_oldrefs_to_nursery  59.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  3.5% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  72.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+  2.5% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_cardrefs_to_nurser  31.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.7% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace_partial__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  66.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+ 14.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_AbstractAttribute__find_branch_to_move_into  58.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 11.3% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_and_reserve  79.9%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+ 11.3% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC__minor_collection  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  8.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_oldrefs_to_nursery  72.1%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  6.3% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  77.4%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ArenaCollection_malloc  18.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+  1.6% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_cardrefs_to_nurser  14.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.1% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace_partial__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  66.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+  2.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ll_dict_get__dicttablePtr_tuple2Ptr_GCREFPtr  15.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+  4.4% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_and_reserve  12.8%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  4.4% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC__minor_collection  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  3.4% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_oldrefs_to_nursery  77.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  2.5% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  75.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+[...]
+  2.2% |.|.|. pypy_g_W_TupleObjectUserDictWeakrefable__hpy_get_raw_st  2.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+  1.5% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_AbstractAttribute_read  69.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
+```
diff --git a/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py b/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24aaaf157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+import gc
+import sys
+
+from time import perf_counter as time
+
+if "purepy" in sys.argv:
+    import purepy_simple as simple
+else:
+    if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
+        import cpy_simple as simple
+    else:
+        import hpy_simple as simple
+
+print(simple)
+
+Foo = simple.Foo
+N = 10000000
+if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
+    N *= 10
+
+def main():
+    objs = [None] * N
+    for i in range(N):
+        objs[i] = Foo()
+    return objs
+
+gc.collect()
+
+t_start = time()
+main()
+print(f"time per allocation: {(time() - t_start)/N:.2g} s")

From 4d0e1130a0c9c22340715746c652ed4082500d63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2025 06:47:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] microbench: fix print targets

---
 microbench/Makefile | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/microbench/Makefile b/microbench/Makefile
index 79585f93e..7148704bf 100644
--- a/microbench/Makefile
+++ b/microbench/Makefile
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ create_venv_graalpy:
 
 print_cpy:
 	@echo =================================== CPython ====================================
-	@tail tmp_results_cpython.txt -n 29
+	@tail tmp_results_cpython.txt -n 30
 
 print_pypy:
 	@echo ==================================== PyPy ======================================
-	@tail tmp_results_pypy.txt -n 29
+	@tail tmp_results_pypy.txt -n 30
 
 print_graalpy:
 	@echo =================================== GraalPy ====================================
-	@tail tmp_results_graalpy.txt -n 29
+	@tail tmp_results_graalpy.txt -n 30
 
 print_pypy_vs_cpy:
 	@$(PYTHON) print_other_vs_cpy.py PyPy

From 3b232413e0dd21a851e8c39196d533773d2f78d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2025 07:32:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] microbench: rename test_allocate_obj_and_survive as
 test_allocate_and_collect

---
 microbench/test_microbench.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/microbench/test_microbench.py b/microbench/test_microbench.py
index 16906474b..6f178b3c7 100644
--- a/microbench/test_microbench.py
+++ b/microbench/test_microbench.py
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class TestHeapType:
         The type is named `simple.HTFoo` and is a heap type in all cases.
     """
 
-    def test_allocate_obj_and_survive(self, simple, timer, N):
+    def test_allocate_and_collect(self, simple, timer, N):
         import gc
         HTFoo = simple.HTFoo
         objs = [None] * N

From 2fe5f2dc3440a3f61c96d2465bcb88c729da1b79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2025 14:16:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] microbench: refactor tests (same tests for Type and
 HeapType)

---
 microbench/test_microbench.py | 147 ++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+), 95 deletions(-)

diff --git a/microbench/test_microbench.py b/microbench/test_microbench.py
index 6f178b3c7..0f7ef9807 100644
--- a/microbench/test_microbench.py
+++ b/microbench/test_microbench.py
@@ -9,31 +9,36 @@
 import _valgrind
 
 API_PARAMS = [
-    pytest.param('cpy', marks=pytest.mark.cpy),
-    pytest.param('hpy', marks=pytest.mark.hpy),
-    ]
+    pytest.param("cpy", marks=pytest.mark.cpy),
+    pytest.param("hpy", marks=pytest.mark.hpy),
+]
 
 if any(arg.endswith("purepy") for arg in sys.argv):
-    API_PARAMS.append(pytest.param('purepy', marks=pytest.mark.purepy))
+    API_PARAMS.append(pytest.param("purepy", marks=pytest.mark.purepy))
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(params=API_PARAMS)
 def api(request):
     return request.param
 
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def simple(request, api):
-    if api == 'cpy':
+    if api == "cpy":
         import cpy_simple
+
         return cpy_simple
-    elif api == 'hpy':
+    elif api == "hpy":
         import hpy_simple
+
         return hpy_simple
-    elif api == 'purepy':
+    elif api == "purepy":
         import purepy_simple
+
         return purepy_simple
     else:
-        assert False, 'Unkown param: %s' % request.param
+        assert False, f"Unkown param: {request.param}"
+
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def N(request):
@@ -97,150 +102,102 @@ def test_allocate_tuple(self, api, simple, timer, N):
 
 
 class TestType:
-    """ Compares the performance of operations on types.
+    """Compares the performance of operations on types.
 
-        The kinds of type used are:
+    The kinds of type used are:
 
-        * cpy: a static type
-        * hpy: a heap type (HPy only has heap types)
+    * cpy: a static type
+    * hpy: a heap type (HPy only has heap types)
 
-        The type is named `simple.Foo` in both cases.
+    The type is named `simple.Foo` in both cases.
     """
 
+    name_cls = "Foo"
+
     def test_allocate_and_collect(self, simple, timer, N):
         import gc
-        Foo = simple.Foo
+
+        cls = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)
         objs = [None] * N
         gc.collect()
         with timer:
             for i in range(N):
-                objs[i] = Foo()
+                objs[i] = cls()
             del objs
             gc.collect()
 
     def test_allocate_obj(self, simple, timer, N):
         import gc
-        Foo = simple.Foo
+
+        cls = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)
         objs = [None] * N
         gc.collect()
         with timer:
             for i in range(N):
-                objs[i] = Foo()
+                objs[i] = cls()
         del objs
         gc.collect()
 
-    def test_method_lookup(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.Foo()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                # note: here we are NOT calling it, we want to measure just
-                # the lookup
-                obj.noargs
-
-    def test_noargs(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.Foo()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                obj.noargs()
-
-    def test_onearg_None(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.Foo()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                obj.onearg(None)
-
-    def test_onearg_int(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.Foo()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                obj.onearg(i)
-
-    def test_varargs(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.Foo()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                obj.varargs(None, None)
-
-    def test_len(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.Foo()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                len(obj)
-
-    def test_getitem(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.Foo()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                obj[0]
-
-
-class TestHeapType:
-    """ Compares the performance of operations on heap types.
-
-        The type is named `simple.HTFoo` and is a heap type in all cases.
-    """
-
-    def test_allocate_and_collect(self, simple, timer, N):
-        import gc
-        HTFoo = simple.HTFoo
-        objs = [None] * N
-        gc.collect()
-        with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                objs[i] = HTFoo()
-            del objs
-            gc.collect()
-
     def test_allocate_obj_and_die(self, simple, timer, N):
         import gc
-        HTFoo = simple.HTFoo
+
+        cls = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)
         gc.collect()
         with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
-                obj = HTFoo()
+            for _ in range(N):
+                obj = cls()
                 obj.onearg(None)
             gc.collect()
 
     def test_method_lookup(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.HTFoo()
+        obj = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)()
         with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
+            for _ in range(N):
                 # note: here we are NOT calling it, we want to measure just
                 # the lookup
                 obj.noargs
 
     def test_noargs(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.HTFoo()
+        obj = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)()
         with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
+            for _ in range(N):
                 obj.noargs()
 
     def test_onearg_None(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.HTFoo()
+        obj = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)()
         with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
+            for _ in range(N):
                 obj.onearg(None)
 
     def test_onearg_int(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.HTFoo()
+        obj = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)()
         with timer:
             for i in range(N):
                 obj.onearg(i)
 
     def test_varargs(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.HTFoo()
+        obj = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)()
         with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
+            for _ in range(N):
                 obj.varargs(None, None)
 
     def test_len(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.HTFoo()
+        obj = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)()
         with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
+            for _ in range(N):
                 len(obj)
 
     def test_getitem(self, simple, timer, N):
-        obj = simple.HTFoo()
+        obj = getattr(simple, self.name_cls)()
         with timer:
-            for i in range(N):
+            for _ in range(N):
                 obj[0]
+
+
+class TestHeapType(TestType):
+    """Compares the performance of operations on heap types.
+
+    The type is named `simple.HTFoo` and is a heap type in all cases.
+    """
+
+    name_cls = "HTFoo"

From d41024f6446b134e70c4c3c0cf088b1744c79186 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2025 14:19:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] microbench: fix print targets

---
 microbench/Makefile              | 6 +++---
 microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/microbench/Makefile b/microbench/Makefile
index 7148704bf..80e663d04 100644
--- a/microbench/Makefile
+++ b/microbench/Makefile
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ create_venv_graalpy:
 
 print_cpy:
 	@echo =================================== CPython ====================================
-	@tail tmp_results_cpython.txt -n 30
+	@tail tmp_results_cpython.txt -n 32
 
 print_pypy:
 	@echo ==================================== PyPy ======================================
-	@tail tmp_results_pypy.txt -n 30
+	@tail tmp_results_pypy.txt -n 32
 
 print_graalpy:
 	@echo =================================== GraalPy ====================================
-	@tail tmp_results_graalpy.txt -n 30
+	@tail tmp_results_graalpy.txt -n 32
 
 print_pypy_vs_cpy:
 	@$(PYTHON) print_other_vs_cpy.py PyPy
diff --git a/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py b/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
index c563a9bac..9a31bbc0e 100644
--- a/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
+++ b/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def data_from_path(path):
 num_chars = 81
 num_equals = (num_chars - len(out)) // 2
 
-print("\n" + num_equals * "=" + out + num_equals * "=")
+print(num_equals * "=" + out + num_equals * "=")
 
 if times_other_cpyext:
     print(max_length_name * " " + "cpyext    HPy univ")

From c31603eb77ca109b084230b9e4976e903c463481 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2025 15:49:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] microbench/profile_alloc: heap type + cpy for PyPy

---
 microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py b/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py
index 24aaaf157..38e2c2ac6 100644
--- a/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py
+++ b/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 if "purepy" in sys.argv:
     import purepy_simple as simple
+elif "cpy" in sys.argv:
+    import cpy_simple as simple
 else:
     if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
         import cpy_simple as simple
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@
 
 print(simple)
 
-Foo = simple.Foo
+cls = simple.HTFoo
 N = 10000000
 if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
     N *= 10
@@ -22,11 +24,11 @@
 def main():
     objs = [None] * N
     for i in range(N):
-        objs[i] = Foo()
+        objs[i] = cls()
     return objs
 
 gc.collect()
 
 t_start = time()
 main()
-print(f"time per allocation: {(time() - t_start)/N:.2g} s")
+print(f"time per allocation: {(time() - t_start)/N:.1e} s")

From 0e24b86dd92552d74bbfdb6e62cf0f8dbc6ea643 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2025 23:37:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] microbench/profile_alloc: vmprof-firefox-converter

---
 microbench/profile_alloc/README.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md b/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
index b4d5350c1..827630565 100644
--- a/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
+++ b/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ pip install vmprof
 sudo apt install libunwind-dev
 python -m vmprof -o tmp_output.log profile_alloc.py
 vmprofshow tmp_output.log tree
+# for PyPy
+pip install vmprof-firefox-converter@git+https://github.com/paugier/vmprof-firefox-converter@packaging
+vmprofconvert -run profile_alloc.py cpy
+# or
+vmprofconvert -run profile_alloc.py
 ```
 
 Example of (truncated) output (/path/to/pypy was /home/me/.local/share/uv/python/pypy-3.11.11-linux-x86_64-gnu):

From dca6faecf51b5fa00e6382854e4832a6d4a22e0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2025 08:44:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] microbench: refactor printing results

---
 .gitignore                       |  2 ++
 microbench/Makefile              | 17 +++++------
 microbench/conftest.py           |  6 ++++
 microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py | 32 ++++++++++++++------
 microbench/print_tmp_results.py  | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++
 microbench/util.py               | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
 mode change 100644 => 100755 microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
 create mode 100755 microbench/print_tmp_results.py
 create mode 100644 microbench/util.py

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index dc3f00389..2f79da79c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -94,3 +94,5 @@ docs/_build/
 microbench/pixi.lock
 microbench/.venv_*
 microbench/tmp_*
+microbench/profile_alloc/log
+microbench/profile_alloc/*.prof*
diff --git a/microbench/Makefile b/microbench/Makefile
index 80e663d04..2cc149d15 100644
--- a/microbench/Makefile
+++ b/microbench/Makefile
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ uninstall:
 	$(PYTHON) -m pip uninstall hpy.microbench --yes
 
 test:
-	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -v --purepy | tee tmp_results_$(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print(sys.implementation.name)").txt
+	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -v --purepy | tee $(shell $(PYTHON) -c 'import util as u; u.print_file_name_results()')
 
 bench: test
 
 bench_hpy:
-	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -v -m hpy | tee tmp_results_$(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print(sys.implementation.name)").txt
+	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -v -m hpy | tee $(shell $(PYTHON) get_file_name_results.py)
 
 clean:
 	rm -f src/*.so src/hpy_simple.py
@@ -39,19 +39,16 @@ create_venv_graalpy:
 	$(shell uv python find graalpy) -m venv .venv_graalpy
 
 print_cpy:
-	@echo =================================== CPython ====================================
-	@tail tmp_results_cpython.txt -n 32
+	@$(PYTHON) print_tmp_results.py cpy
 
 print_pypy:
-	@echo ==================================== PyPy ======================================
-	@tail tmp_results_pypy.txt -n 32
+	@$(PYTHON) print_tmp_results.py pypy
 
 print_graalpy:
-	@echo =================================== GraalPy ====================================
-	@tail tmp_results_graalpy.txt -n 32
+	@$(PYTHON) print_tmp_results.py graalpy
 
 print_pypy_vs_cpy:
-	@$(PYTHON) print_other_vs_cpy.py PyPy
+	@$(PYTHON) print_other_vs_cpy.py pypy
 
 print_graalpy_vs_cpy:
-	@$(PYTHON) print_other_vs_cpy.py GraalPy
+	@$(PYTHON) print_other_vs_cpy.py graalpy
diff --git a/microbench/conftest.py b/microbench/conftest.py
index eecb1bb5c..4a43844c1 100644
--- a/microbench/conftest.py
+++ b/microbench/conftest.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import re
 import time
+import sys
 from collections import defaultdict
 import pytest
 import _valgrind
 
+from util import get_short_prefix
+
 class Timer:
 
     def __init__(self, nodeid):
@@ -72,6 +75,9 @@ def format_ratio(self, reference, value):
     def display_summary(self, tr):
         w = tr.write_line
         w('')
+        tr.write_sep('=', "INFO", cyan=True)
+        w(f"implementation: {sys.implementation.name}")
+        w(f"short prefix: {get_short_prefix()}")
         tr.write_sep('=', 'BENCHMARKS', cyan=True)
         line = ' '*40 + '             cpy                    hpy'
         if 'purepy' in self.apis:
diff --git a/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py b/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 9a31bbc0e..d1bd72115
--- a/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
+++ b/microbench/print_other_vs_cpy.py
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import sys
 
 from pathlib import Path
 
+from util import capitalize_implementation, info_from_path, print_sep
+
 try:
-    other = sys.argv[1]
+    arg = sys.argv[1]
 except IndexError:
-    other = "PyPy"
+    arg = "pypy"
+
+path_result_cpy = Path("tmp_results_cpy.txt")
+
+path_result_other = Path(arg)
 
-path_result_cpy = Path("tmp_results_cpython.txt")
-path_result_other = Path(f"tmp_results_{other.lower()}.txt")
+if not path_result_other.exists():
+    path_result_other = Path(f"tmp_results_{arg}.txt")
 
 assert path_result_cpy.exists()
 assert path_result_other.exists()
@@ -47,17 +54,24 @@ def data_from_path(path):
     return names, times_cpy, times_hpy
 
 
-names, times_cpy_cpy, times_cpy_hpy = data_from_path(path_result_cpy)
+info = info_from_path(path_result_other)
+
+implementation = info["implementation"]
+
+names_cpy, times_cpy_cpy, times_cpy_hpy = data_from_path(path_result_cpy)
 names, times_other_cpyext, times_other_hpy = data_from_path(path_result_other)
 
+assert names_cpy == names
+
 max_length_name = 45
 fmt_name = f"{{:{max_length_name}s}}"
 
-out = f" {other} / CPy native (time ratio, smaller is better) "
-num_chars = 81
-num_equals = (num_chars - len(out)) // 2
+print_sep(
+    f"{capitalize_implementation(implementation)} / CPy native (time ratio, smaller is better)"
+)
 
-print(num_equals * "=" + out + num_equals * "=")
+if info["short prefix"] != implementation:
+    print(f"short prefix: {info['short prefix']}")
 
 if times_other_cpyext:
     print(max_length_name * " " + "cpyext    HPy univ")
diff --git a/microbench/print_tmp_results.py b/microbench/print_tmp_results.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..806a9f28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/print_tmp_results.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import sys
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import util
+
+try:
+    arg = sys.argv[1]
+except IndexError:
+    arg = "pypy"
+
+path_result = Path(arg)
+
+if not path_result.exists():
+    path_result = Path(f"tmp_results_{arg}.txt")
+
+assert path_result.exists()
+
+info = util.info_from_path(path_result)
+implementation = info["implementation"]
+
+util.print_sep(util.capitalize_implementation(implementation))
+if info["short prefix"] != implementation and info[
+    "short prefix"
+] != util.short_implementation(implementation):
+    print(f"short prefix: {info['short prefix']}")
+
+txt = path_result.read_text()
+_, txt = txt.split(
+    "================================== BENCHMARKS ==================================\n"
+)
+
+print(txt.rstrip())
diff --git a/microbench/util.py b/microbench/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f5b9c760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import sys
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def get_short_prefix():
+    prefix = Path(sys.prefix)
+    name = prefix.name
+    parts = [".", "venv", "_", "-"]
+    for part in parts:
+        if name.startswith(part):
+            name = name[len(part) :]
+    return name
+
+
+def info_from_path(path):
+    txt = path.read_text()
+    _, txt = txt.split(
+        "===================================== INFO ====================================="
+    )
+    txt, _ = txt.split(
+        "================================== BENCHMARKS =================================="
+    )
+    result = {}
+    for line in txt.splitlines():
+        if not line:
+            continue
+        left, right = line.split(":")
+        result[left] = right.strip()
+    return result
+
+
+def capitalize_implementation(implementation):
+    return implementation.capitalize().replace("py", "Py")
+
+
+def short_implementation(implementation):
+    if implementation == "cpython":
+        return "cpy"
+    return implementation
+
+
+def print_sep(out, sep_char="=", num_chars=81):
+    out = f" {out} "
+    num_sep_chars = (num_chars - len(out)) // 2
+    print(num_sep_chars * "=" + out + num_sep_chars * "=")
+
+
+def print_file_name_results():
+    name = f"tmp_results_{get_short_prefix()}.txt"
+    print(name)

From e87b7a7c49701e49a544abc1fe363f3854764b16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paugier <pierre.augier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr>
Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2025 10:03:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] microbench/profile: rename and few other scripts

---
 .gitignore                                    |  6 +-
 microbench/pixi.toml                          |  1 +
 microbench/profile/Makefile                   |  3 +
 microbench/profile/README.md                  | 40 ++++++++++
 microbench/profile/profile_alloc.py           | 19 +++++
 microbench/profile/profile_alloc_and_die.py   | 18 +++++
 .../profile/profile_allocate_and_collect.py   | 21 +++++
 microbench/profile/profile_allocate_tuple.py  | 16 ++++
 microbench/profile/profile_method_lookup.py   | 21 +++++
 .../profile_alloc.py => profile/util.py}      | 20 ++---
 microbench/profile_alloc/README.md            | 76 -------------------
 11 files changed, 148 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile/Makefile
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile/README.md
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile/profile_alloc.py
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile/profile_alloc_and_die.py
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile/profile_allocate_and_collect.py
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile/profile_allocate_tuple.py
 create mode 100644 microbench/profile/profile_method_lookup.py
 rename microbench/{profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py => profile/util.py} (59%)
 delete mode 100644 microbench/profile_alloc/README.md

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2f79da79c..8a932b213 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -94,5 +94,7 @@ docs/_build/
 microbench/pixi.lock
 microbench/.venv_*
 microbench/tmp_*
-microbench/profile_alloc/log
-microbench/profile_alloc/*.prof*
+microbench/profile/log*
+microbench/profile/*.prof*
+microbench/profile/*.log
+microbench/profile/callgrind.out.*
diff --git a/microbench/pixi.toml b/microbench/pixi.toml
index 6c4267458..a27876608 100644
--- a/microbench/pixi.toml
+++ b/microbench/pixi.toml
@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ gcc = ">=15.1.0,<15.2"
 valgrind = ">=3.25.0,<4"
 libffi = ">=3.4.6,<4"
 libxcrypt = ">=4.4.36,<5"
+qcachegrind = ">=0.7.4,<0.8"
diff --git a/microbench/profile/Makefile b/microbench/profile/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cff2a01b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.prof* logfile* callgrind.out.* tmp*
diff --git a/microbench/profile/README.md b/microbench/profile/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02aabcf1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Profile
+
+## Disable the JIT
+
+```sh
+python --jit off profile_alloc.py
+```
+
+## With vmprof
+
+```sh
+pip install vmprof
+sudo apt install libunwind-dev
+python -m vmprof -o tmp_output.log profile_alloc.py
+vmprofshow tmp_output.log tree
+```
+
+## with vmprof-firefox-converter
+
+```sh
+pip install vmprof-firefox-converter
+vmprofconvert -run profile_alloc.py cpy
+# or
+vmprofconvert -run profile_alloc.py
+```
+
+## With `PYPYLOG`
+
+```sh
+PYPYLOG=jit-log-opt,jit-backend:logfile python profile_alloc_and_die.py
+```
+
+## With Valgrind / Callgrind
+
+```sh
+valgrind --tool=callgrind --dump-instr=yes --simulate-cache=yes --collect-jumps=yes python profile_alloc_and_die.py --short
+```
+
+The Valgrind output (a file starting with "callgrind.out.") can for example be
+opened with `qcachegrind`.
diff --git a/microbench/profile/profile_alloc.py b/microbench/profile/profile_alloc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23183994d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile/profile_alloc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import gc
+
+from time import perf_counter as time
+
+from util import cls, N
+
+
+def main():
+    objs = [None] * N
+    for i in range(N):
+        objs[i] = cls()
+    return objs
+
+
+gc.collect()
+
+t_start = time()
+main()
+print(f"time per allocation: {(time() - t_start)/N:.1e} s")
diff --git a/microbench/profile/profile_alloc_and_die.py b/microbench/profile/profile_alloc_and_die.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d55dbcbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile/profile_alloc_and_die.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import gc
+
+from time import perf_counter as time
+
+from util import cls, N
+
+
+def main():
+    for _ in range(N):
+        obj = cls()
+        obj.onearg(None)
+
+
+gc.collect()
+
+t_start = time()
+main()
+print(f"time per allocation: {(time() - t_start)/N:.1e} s")
diff --git a/microbench/profile/profile_allocate_and_collect.py b/microbench/profile/profile_allocate_and_collect.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32c8c9b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile/profile_allocate_and_collect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import gc
+
+from time import perf_counter as time
+
+from util import cls, N
+
+
+def main():
+    objs = [None] * N
+    for i in range(N):
+        objs[i] = cls()
+    return objs
+
+
+gc.collect()
+
+t_start = time()
+_objs = main()
+del _objs
+gc.collect()
+print(f"time per object: {(time() - t_start)/N:.1e} s")
diff --git a/microbench/profile/profile_allocate_tuple.py b/microbench/profile/profile_allocate_tuple.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07fd1b292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile/profile_allocate_tuple.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import gc
+
+from time import perf_counter as time
+
+from util import simple, N
+
+
+def main():
+    for _ in range(N):
+        simple.allocate_tuple()
+
+gc.collect()
+
+t_start = time()
+main()
+print(f"time per allocation: {(time() - t_start)/N:.1e} s")
diff --git a/microbench/profile/profile_method_lookup.py b/microbench/profile/profile_method_lookup.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b3150971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microbench/profile/profile_method_lookup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import gc
+
+from time import perf_counter as time
+
+from util import cls, N
+
+N *= 40
+
+def main():
+    obj = cls()
+    for _ in range(N):
+        # note: here we are NOT calling it, we want to measure just
+        # the lookup
+        obj.noargs  # pylint: disable=W0104
+
+
+gc.collect()
+
+t_start = time()
+main()
+print(f"time per lookup: {(time() - t_start)/N:.1e} s")
diff --git a/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py b/microbench/profile/util.py
similarity index 59%
rename from microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py
rename to microbench/profile/util.py
index 38e2c2ac6..45ce00027 100644
--- a/microbench/profile_alloc/profile_alloc.py
+++ b/microbench/profile/util.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
-
-import gc
 import sys
 
-from time import perf_counter as time
-
 if "purepy" in sys.argv:
     import purepy_simple as simple
 elif "cpy" in sys.argv:
@@ -17,18 +13,12 @@
 print(simple)
 
 cls = simple.HTFoo
+
 N = 10000000
 if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
     N *= 10
+elif sys.implementation.name == "pypy" and "cpy" in sys.argv:
+    N *= 4
 
-def main():
-    objs = [None] * N
-    for i in range(N):
-        objs[i] = cls()
-    return objs
-
-gc.collect()
-
-t_start = time()
-main()
-print(f"time per allocation: {(time() - t_start)/N:.1e} s")
+if "--short" in sys.argv:
+    N //= 100
diff --git a/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md b/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 827630565..000000000
--- a/microbench/profile_alloc/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-# Profile allocation
-
-```sh
-pip install vmprof
-sudo apt install libunwind-dev
-python -m vmprof -o tmp_output.log profile_alloc.py
-vmprofshow tmp_output.log tree
-# for PyPy
-pip install vmprof-firefox-converter@git+https://github.com/paugier/vmprof-firefox-converter@packaging
-vmprofconvert -run profile_alloc.py cpy
-# or
-vmprofconvert -run profile_alloc.py
-```
-
-Example of (truncated) output (/path/to/pypy was /home/me/.local/share/uv/python/pypy-3.11.11-linux-x86_64-gnu):
-
-```text
- 97.4% |. main  97.4%  profile_alloc.py:9
-  1.2% |.|. pypy_g_execute_frame  1.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.2% |.|.|. pypy_g_ll_portal_runner__Unsigned_Bool_pypy_interpreter  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_portal_12  86.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_handle_bytecode__AccessDirect_None  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_dispatch_bytecode__AccessDirect_None  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_opcode_impl_for_mul__AccessDirect_star_2  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_binop_mul_impl  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g__call_binop_impl____mul_____rmul__  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_get_and_call_function__star_1  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_funccall__star_2  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_BuiltinCode2_fastcall_2.part.0  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_fastfunc_descr_mul_2_6  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ObjectListStrategy_mul  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
- 87.4% |.|. pypy_g__finish_create_instance  89.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 49.1% |.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_malloc_fixed_or_varsize_no  56.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 47.7% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_external_malloc  97.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  2.1% |.|.|.|.|. malloc  4.4%  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6:0
- 35.9% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_minor_collection_with_majo.part.0  75.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 35.2% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_major_collection_step  97.9%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 14.6% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_visit_all_objects_step  41.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  2.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__collect_ref_rec  15.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
-  4.2% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ll_dict_setitem__DICTPtr_Address_Address  8.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
- 34.5% |.|.|. pypy_g_W_TupleObjectUserDictWeakrefable__hpy_set_raw_st  39.5%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 28.2% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_AbstractAttribute_write  81.9%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 26.7% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_Terminator__write_terminator  94.5%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 24.4% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g__reorder_and_add__v512___simple_call__function__  91.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  8.1% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_W_HPyObjectUserDictWeakrefable__set_mapdict_incr  33.1%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  8.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_and_reserve  99.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  8.0% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC__minor_collection  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  4.8% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_oldrefs_to_nursery  59.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  3.5% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  72.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
-  2.5% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_cardrefs_to_nurser  31.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.7% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace_partial__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  66.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
- 14.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_AbstractAttribute__find_branch_to_move_into  58.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 11.3% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_and_reserve  79.9%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
- 11.3% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC__minor_collection  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  8.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_oldrefs_to_nursery  72.1%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  6.3% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  77.4%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ArenaCollection_malloc  18.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
-  1.6% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_cardrefs_to_nurser  14.3%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.1% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace_partial__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  66.7%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
-  2.2% |.|.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_ll_dict_get__dicttablePtr_tuple2Ptr_GCREFPtr  15.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
-  4.4% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_and_reserve  12.8%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  4.4% |.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC__minor_collection  100.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  3.4% |.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_IncrementalMiniMarkGC_collect_oldrefs_to_nursery  77.2%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  2.5% |.|.|.|.|.|.|. pypy_g_trace__gc_callback__trace_drag_out  75.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-[...]
-  2.2% |.|.|. pypy_g_W_TupleObjectUserDictWeakrefable__hpy_get_raw_st  2.6%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-  1.5% |.|.|.|. pypy_g_AbstractAttribute_read  69.0%  /path/to/pypy/bin/libpypy3.11-c.so.debug:0
-```