references.bib

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@misc{RGI_Consortium_2023, title={Randolph Glacier Inventory - A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines, Version 7}, url={https://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0770/versions/7}, DOI={10.5067/F6JMOVY5NAVZ}, publisher={National Snow and Ice Data Center}, author={RGI Consortium, .}, year={2023} }

@misc{siegfried_unveiling_2023,
	title = {Unveiling the {Future} {Water} {Pulse} of {Central} {Asia}: {A} {Comprehensive} 21st {Century} {Hydrological} {Forecast} from {Stochastic} {Water} {Balance} {Modeling}},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3611140/v1},
	abstract = {Using a novel dataset, this study assesses the impact of 21st-century climate change on the hydrology of 221 high-mountain catchments in Central Asia. We employed a parsimonious, steady-state stochastic soil moisture water balance model to project changes in runoff and evaporation across three future timeframes: 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071– 2100, compared to the baseline period of 1979–2011. Baseline climate data were sourced from CHELSA V21 climatology, providing daily temperature and precipitation for each subcatchment. Future projections utilized bias-corrected CMIP6 outputs from four General Circulation Models under four scenarios. Global datasets informed the spatial soil parameter distribution, and glacier imbalance ablation data were integrated to refine discharge modeling, which was validated against long-term catchment norm data.
The results indicate an upward trend in precipitation (+4.5\%, +5.8\%, and +8.4\% for the three future periods) and median temperature increases of +1.3°C, +2.4°C, and +3.6°C, respectively. Modeling results predict an initial discharge increase of +4.1\% in the first period, tapering off to +1.4\% by the third, with glacier wastage in the Tien Shan impacting runoff zones and reducing discharge there. In contrast, the Gissar-Alay and Pamir ranges are projected to experience discharge increases throughout the century due to delayed peak water and enhanced glacier ablation. Shifts in precipitation patterns suggest potential alterations in hydrological extremes, a topic that warrants further investigation in the region. Our findings highlight the differentiated hydrological responses to climate change within Central Asian high-mountain catchments and underscore the critical role of glaciers in future water availability, with implications for local and regional water resource management.},
	author = {Siegfried, Tobias and Mujahid, Aziz Ul Haq and Marti, Beatrice and Molnar, Peter and Karger, Dirk Nikolaus and Yakovlev, Andrey},
	year = {2023},
} 

@article{marti_2023, 
year = {2023}, 
title = {{CA-discharge: Geo-Located Discharge Time Series for Mountainous Rivers in Central Asia}}, 
author = {Marti, Beatrice and Yakovlev, Andrey and Karger, Dirk Nikolaus and Ragettli, Silvan and Zhumabaev, Aidar and Wakil, Abdul Wakil and Siegfried, Tobias}, 
journal = {Scientific Data}, 
doi = {10.1038/s41597-023-02474-8}, 
pmid = {37666883}, 
pmcid = {PMC10477246}, 
abstract = {{We present a collection of 295 gauge locations in mountainous Central Asia with norm discharge as well as time series of river discharge from 135 of these locations collected from hydrological yearbooks in Central Asia. Time series have monthly, 10-day and daily temporal resolution and are available for different duration. A collection of third-party data allows basin characterization for all gauges. The time series data is validated using standard quality checks. Norm discharge is validated against literature values and by using a water balance approach. The novelty of the data consists in the combination of discharge time series and gauge locations for mountainous rivers in Central Asia which is not available anywhere else. The geo-located discharge time series can be used for water balance modelling and training of forecast models for river runoff in mountainous Central Asia.}}, 
pages = {579}, 
number = {1}, 
volume = {10}, 
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Documents/Papers%20Library/Marti-CA-discharge-%20Geo-Located%20Discharge%20Time%20Series%20for%20Mountainous%20Rivers%20in%20Central%20Asia-2023-Scientific%20Data.pdf}
}

@dataset{zanaga_2021_5571936,
  author       = {Zanaga, Daniele and
                  Van De Kerchove, Ruben and
                  De Keersmaecker, Wanda and
                  Souverijns, Niels and
                  Brockmann, Carsten and
                  Quast, Ralf and
                  Wevers, Jan and
                  Grosu, Alex and
                  Paccini, Audrey and
                  Vergnaud, Sylvain and
                  Cartus, Oliver and
                  Santoro, Maurizio and
                  Fritz, Steffen and
                  Georgieva, Ivelina and
                  Lesiv, Myroslava and
                  Carter, Sarah and
                  Herold, Martin and
                  Li, Linlin and
                  Tsendbazar, Nandin-Erdene and
                  Ramoino, Fabrizio and
                  Arino, Olivier},
  title        = {ESA WorldCover 10 m 2020 v100},
  month        = oct,
  year         = 2021,
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  version      = {v100},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.5571936},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5571936}
}

@misc{heberger_delineatorpy_2022,
	title = {delineator.py: fast, accurate global watershed delineation using hybrid vector- and raster-based methods.},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7314287},
	publisher = {Zenodo},
	author = {Heberger, Matthew},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7314287},
}

@article{riahi_shared_2017,
  title = {The {{Shared Socioeconomic Pathways}} and Their Energy, Land Use, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Implications: {{An}} Overview},
  shorttitle = {The {{Shared Socioeconomic Pathways}} and Their Energy, Land Use, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Implications},
  author = {Riahi, Keywan and {van Vuuren}, Detlef P. and Kriegler, Elmar and Edmonds, Jae and O'Neill, Brian C. and Fujimori, Shinichiro and Bauer, Nico and Calvin, Katherine and Dellink, Rob and Fricko, Oliver and Lutz, Wolfgang and Popp, Alexander and Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo and Kc, Samir and Leimbach, Marian and Jiang, Leiwen and Kram, Tom and Rao, Shilpa and Emmerling, Johannes and Ebi, Kristie and Hasegawa, Tomoko and Havlik, Petr and Humpen{\"o}der, Florian and Da Silva, Lara Aleluia and Smith, Steve and Stehfest, Elke and Bosetti, Valentina and Eom, Jiyong and Gernaat, David and Masui, Toshihiko and Rogelj, Joeri and Strefler, Jessica and Drouet, Laurent and Krey, Volker and Luderer, Gunnar and Harmsen, Mathijs and Takahashi, Kiyoshi and Baumstark, Lavinia and Doelman, Jonathan C. and Kainuma, Mikiko and Klimont, Zbigniew and Marangoni, Giacomo and {Lotze-Campen}, Hermann and Obersteiner, Michael and Tabeau, Andrzej and Tavoni, Massimo},
  year = {2017},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Global Environmental Change},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {153--168},
  issn = {09593780},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009},
}

@article{rounce_glacier_2020,
  title = {Glacier {{Mass Change}} in {{High Mountain Asia Through}} 2100 {{Using}} the {{Open-Source Python Glacier Evolution Model}} ({{PyGEM}})},
  author = {Rounce, David R. and Hock, Regine and Shean, David E.},
  year = {2020},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {331},
  issn = {2296-6463},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2019.00331},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Glacier runoff,glaciers,High Mountain Asia (HMA),mass balance,projections}
}

@misc{rounce_high_2020,
  type = {Data Set},
  title = {High {{Mountain Asia PyGEM Glacier Projections}} with {{RCP Scenarios}}},
  author = {Rounce, David R. and Hock, Regine and Shean, David E.},
  year = {2020},
  publisher = {{NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center}},
  doi = {10.5067/190Y84IGLIQH}
}

@article{obu_northern_2019,
  title = {Northern {{Hemisphere}} Permafrost Map Based on {{TTOP}} Modelling for 2000\textendash 2016 at 1 Km2 Scale},
  author = {Obu, Jaroslav and Westermann, Sebastian and Bartsch, Annett and Berdnikov, Nikolai and Christiansen, Hanne H. and Dashtseren, Avirmed and Delaloye, Reynald and Elberling, Bo and Etzelm{\"u}ller, Bernd and Kholodov, Alexander and Khomutov, Artem and K{\"a}{\"a}b, Andreas and Leibman, Marina O. and Lewkowicz, Antoni G. and Panda, Santosh K. and Romanovsky, Vladimir and Way, Robert G. and {Westergaard-Nielsen}, Andreas and Wu, Tonghua and Yamkhin, Jambaljav and Zou, Defu},
  year = {2019},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},
  volume = {193},
  pages = {299--316},
  issn = {00128252},
  doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.023},
  langid = {english}
}


@article{mountain_research_initiative_edw_working_group_elevationdependent_2015,
	title = {Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1758-678X, 1758-6798},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2563},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate2563},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2022-05-05},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	author = {{Mountain Research Initiative EDW Working Group}},
	month = may,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {424--430},
}


@article{tokarska_past_2020,
	title = {Past warming trend constrains future warming in {CMIP6} models},
	volume = {6},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aaz9549},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	journal = {SCIENCE ADVANCES},
	author = {Tokarska, Katarzyna B. and Stolpe, Martin B. and Sippel, Sebastian and Fischer, Erich M. and Smith, Christopher J. and Lehner, Flavio and Knutti, Reto},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {14},
}

@article{zelinka_causes_2020,
	title = {Causes of {Higher} {Climate} {Sensitivity} in {CMIP6} {Models}},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL085782},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GL085782},
	abstract = {Equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global surface temperature response to CO doubling, has been persistently uncertain. Recent consensus places it likely within 1.5–4.5 K. Global climate models (GCMs), which attempt to represent all relevant physical processes, provide the most direct means of estimating climate sensitivity via CO quadrupling experiments. Here we show that the closely related effective climate sensitivity has increased substantially in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), with values spanning 1.8–5.6 K across 27 GCMs and exceeding 4.5 K in 10 of them. This (statistically insignificant) increase is primarily due to stronger positive cloud feedbacks from decreasing extratropical low cloud coverage and albedo. Both of these are tied to the physical representation of clouds which in CMIP6 models lead to weaker responses of extratropical low cloud cover and water content to unforced variations in surface temperature. Establishing the plausibility of these higher sensitivity models is imperative given their implied societal ramifications.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-05-05},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	author = {Zelinka, Mark D. and Myers, Timothy A. and McCoy, Daniel T. and Po-Chedley, Stephen and Caldwell, Peter M. and Ceppi, Paulo and Klein, Stephen A. and Taylor, Karl E.},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019GL085782},
	pages = {e2019GL085782},
}


@article{hausfather_climate_2022,
	title = {Climate simulations: recognize the ‘hot model’ problem},
	volume = {605},
	issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
	shorttitle = {Climate simulations},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01192-2},
	doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-01192-2},
	language = {en},
	number = {7908},
	urldate = {2022-05-05},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Hausfather, Zeke and Marvel, Kate and Schmidt, Gavin A. and Nielsen-Gammon, John W. and Zelinka, Mark},
	month = may,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {26--29},
}


@article{huss_future_2010,
	abstract = {Global warming is expected to significantly affect the runoff regime of mountainous catchments. Simple methods for calculating future glacier change in hydrological models are required in order to reliably assess economic impacts of changes in the water cycle over the next decades. Models for temporal and spatial glacier evolution need to describe the climate forcing acting on the glacier, and ice flow dynamics. Flow models, however, demand considerable computational resources and field data input and are moreover not applicable on the regional scale. Here, we propose a simple parameterization for calculating the change in glacier surface elevation and area, which is mass conserving and suited for hydrological modelling. The h-parameterization is an empirical glacier-specific function derived from observations in the past that can easily be applied to large samples of glaciers. We compare the h-parameterization to results of a 3-D finite-element ice flow model. As case studies, the evolution of two Alpine glaciers of different size over the period 2008--2100 is investigated using regional climate scenarios. The parameterization closely reproduces the distributed ice thickness change, as well as glacier area and length predicted by the ice flow model. This indicates that for the purpose of transient runoff forecasts, future glacier geometry change can be approximated using a simple parameterization instead of complex ice flow modelling. Furthermore, we analyse alpine glacier response to 21st century climate change and consequent shifts in the runoff regime of a highly glacierized catchment using the proposed methods.},
	author = {Huss, M. and Jouvet, G. and Farinotti, D. and Bauder, A.},
	doi = {10.5194/hess-14-815-2010},
	issn = {1607-7938},
	journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
	language = {en},
	month = may,
	number = {5},
	pages = {815--829},
	shorttitle = {Future high-mountain hydrology},
	title = {Future high-mountain hydrology: a new parameterization of glacier retreat},
	url = {https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/14/815/2010/},
	urldate = {2021-07-27},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/14/815/2010/},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-815-2010}}

@article{pritchard_asias_2019,
	author = {Pritchard, Hamish D.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1240-1},
	issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
	journal = {Nature},
	language = {en},
	month = may,
	number = {7758},
	pages = {649--654},
	title = {Asia's shrinking glaciers protect large populations from drought stress},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1240-1},
	urldate = {2022-04-12},
	volume = {569},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1240-1},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1240-1}}

@article{hock_glacier_2005,
	abstract = {Modelling ice and snow melt is of large practical and scientific interest, including issues such as water resource management, avalanche forecasting, glacier dynamics, hydrology and hydrochemistry, as well as the response of glaciers to climate change. During the last few decades, a large variety of melt models have been developed, ranging from simple temperature-index to sophisticated energy-balance models. There is a recent trend towards modelling with both high temporal and spatial resolution, the latter accomplished by fully distributed models. This review discusses the relevant processes at the surface-atmosphere interface, and their representation in melt models. Despite considerable advances in distributed melt modelling there is still a need to refine and develop models with high spatial and temporal resolution based on moderate input data requirements. While modelling of incoming radiation in mountain terrain is relatively accurate, modelling of turbulent fluxes and spatial and temporal variability in albedo constitute major uncertainties in current energy-balance melt models, and thus need further research.},
	author = {Hock, Regine},
	doi = {10.1191/0309133305pp453ra},
	issn = {0309-1333},
	journal = {Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment},
	month = sep,
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	number = {3},
	pages = {362--391},
	shorttitle = {Glacier melt},
	title = {Glacier melt: a review of processes and their modelling},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133305pp453ra},
	urldate = {2021-06-25},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133305pp453ra}}

@book{benn_glaciers_2010,
	address = {London},
	author = {Benn, Douglas I. and Evans, David J. A.},
	edition = {2nd ed},
	isbn = {978-0-340-90579-1},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Hodder education},
	title = {Glaciers \& glaciation},
	year = {2010}}

@techreport{cogley_glossary_2011,
	address = {Paris},
	author = {Cogley, J. Graham and Hock, Regine and Rasmussen, B. and Arendt, A. and Bauder, A. and Braithwaite, Roger J. and Jansson, P. and Kaser, Georg and Moller, M. and Nicholson, L. and Zemp, M.},
	institution = {UNESCO-IHP},
	number = {86},
	pages = {124},
	title = {Glossary of {Glacier} {Mass} {Balance} and related terms},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000192525&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_48a3790e-914c-4dcd-9896-aa397ccc17e6%3F_%3D192525eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000192525/PDF/192525eng.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A165%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}

@article{oneel_reanalysis_2019,
	abstract = {Mountain glaciers integrate climate processes to provide an unmatched signal of regional climate forcing. However, extracting the climate signal via intercomparison of regional glacier mass-balance records can be problematic when methods for extrapolating and calibrating direct glaciological measurements are mixed or inconsistent. To address this problem, we reanalyzed and compared long-term mass-balance records from the US Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers. These five glaciers span maritime and continental climate regimes of the western United States and Alaska. Each glacier exhibits cumulative mass loss since the mid-20th century, with average rates ranging from −0.58 to −0.30 m w.e. a−1. We produced a set of solutions using different extrapolation and calibration methods to inform uncertainty estimates, which range from 0.22 to 0.44 m w.e. a−1. Mass losses are primarily driven by increasing summer warming. Continentality exerts a stronger control on mass loss than latitude. Similar to elevation, topographic shading, snow redistribution and glacier surface features often exert important mass-balance controls. The reanalysis underscores the value of geodetic calibration to resolve mass-balance magnitude, as well as the irreplaceable value of direct measurements in contributing to the process-based understanding of glacier mass balance.},
	author = {O'Neel, Shad and McNeil, Christopher and Sass, Louis C. and Florentine, Caitlyn and Baker, Emily H. and Peitzsch, Erich and McGrath, Daniel and Fountain, Andrew G. and Fagre, Daniel},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2019.66},
	issn = {0022-1430, 1727-5652},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	language = {en},
	month = oct,
	number = {253},
	pages = {850--866},
	shorttitle = {Reanalysis of the {US} {Geological} {Survey} {Benchmark} {Glaciers}},
	title = {Reanalysis of the {US} {Geological} {Survey} {Benchmark} {Glaciers}: long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143019000662/type/journal_article},
	urldate = {2022-04-08},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143019000662/type/journal_article},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.66}}

@article{bergstrom_principles_1991,
	abstract = {General principles in development and application of hydrological models are discussed and related to the confidence in the results. The presentation is mainly based on the experience from the work with the HBV and PULSE models at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute between 1971 and 1990 but has also been influenced by other modelling work. It covers a discussion on the optimal complexity of models, use of observations, calibration, control and sensitivity analysis. Special attention is given to the uncertainties encountered when using hydrological models for the simulation of extreme floods and long-term scenario simulations. Finally a few ethical problems in modelling are mentioned.},
	author = {Bergstr{\"o}m, Sten},
	doi = {10.2166/nh.1991.0009},
	issn = {0029-1277, 2224-7955},
	journal = {Hydrology Research},
	language = {en},
	month = apr,
	number = {2},
	pages = {123--136},
	title = {Principles and {Confidence} in {Hydrological} {Modelling}},
	url = {https://iwaponline.com/hr/article/22/2/123/86/Principles-and-Confidence-in-Hydrological},
	urldate = {2021-04-09},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1991},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://iwaponline.com/hr/article/22/2/123/86/Principles-and-Confidence-in-Hydrological},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1991.0009}}

@report{hock_ipccHMA_2019,
	author = {Hock, R. and G. Rasul and C. Adler and B. {C{\'a}ceres} and S. Gruber and Y. Hirabayashi and M. Jackson and A. {K{\"a}{\"a}b} and S. Kang and S. Kutuzov and A. Milner and U. Molau and S. Morin and B. Orlove and and H. Steltzer},
	editor = {H.-O. {P{\"o}rtner} and D.C. Roberts and V. Masson-Delmotte and P. Zhai and M. Tignor and E. Poloczanska and K. Mintenbeck and A. {Alegr{\'\i}a} and M. Nicolai and A. Okem and J. Petzold and B. Rama and N.M. Weyer},
	note = {In press.},
	title = {High Mountain Areas. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate},
	year = 2019}

@article{gruber_review_2017,
	abstract = {The cryosphere reacts sensitively to climate change, as evidenced by the widespread retreat of mountain glaciers. Subsurface ice contained in permafrost is similarly affected by climate change, causing persistent impacts on natural and human systems. In contrast to glaciers, permafrost is not observable spatially and therefore its presence and possible changes are frequently overlooked. Correspondingly, little is known about permafrost in the mountains of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, despite permafrost area exceeding that of glaciers in nearly all countries. Based on evidence and insight gained mostly in other permafrost areas globally, this review provides a synopsis on what is known or can be inferred about permafrost in the mountains of the HKH region. Given the extreme nature of the environment concerned, it is to be expected that the diversity of conditions and phenomena encountered in permafrost exceed what has previously been described and investigated. We further argue that climate change in concert with increasing development will bring about diverse permafrost-related impacts on vegetation, water quality, geohazards, and livelihoods. To better anticipate and mitigate these effects, a deepened understanding of high-elevation permafrost in subtropical latitudes as well as the pathways interconnecting environmental changes and human livelihoods are needed.},
	author = {Gruber, Stephan and Fleiner, Renate and Guegan, Emilie and Panday, Prajjwal and Schmid, Marc-Olivier and Stumm, Dorothea and Wester, Philippus and Zhang, Yinsheng and Zhao, Lin},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-11-81-2017},
	issn = {1994-0424},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	language = {en},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {81--99},
	shorttitle = {Review article},
	title = {Review article: {Inferring} permafrost and permafrost thaw in the mountains of the {Hindu} {Kush} {Himalaya} region},
	url = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/81/2017/},
	urldate = {2022-04-07},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/81/2017/},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-81-2017}}

@article{rasul_global_2019,
	abstract = {The mountain cryosphere provides fresh water and other ecosystem services to half of humanity. The loss of the mountain cryosphere due to global warming is already evident in many parts of the world and has direct implications to people living in mountain areas and indirect implications to those who live downstream of glaciated river basins. Despite the growing concerns, the relationship between cryosphere change and human society has yet to be assessed systematically. A better understanding of how cryosphere change affects human systems and human security would provide much needed support to the planning of global and regional actions to mitigate impacts and facilitate adaptation. This paper synthesizes the current evidence for and potential impacts of cryosphere change on water, energy, food, and the environment in different mountain regions in the world. The analysis reveals that the changes in the cryosphere and the associated environmental change have already impacted people living in high mountain areas and are likely to introduce new challenges for water, energy, and food security and to exacerbate ecosystem and environmental degradation in the future. The effects of cryospheric changes are also likely to extend to downstream river basins where glacier melt contributes significantly to dry season river flows and supports irrigation, fisheries, and navigation, as well as water supply to many big cities. Appropriate adaptive and mitigative measures are needed to prevent risks and uncertainties from being further compounded.},
	author = {Rasul, Golam and Molden, David},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2019.00091},
	issn = {2296-665X},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	language = {en},
	month = jun,
	pages = {91},
	title = {The {Global} {Social} and {Economic} {Consequences} of {Mountain} {Cryospheric} {Change}},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00091/full},
	urldate = {2022-04-07},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00091/full},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00091}}

@article{marzeion_partitioning_2020,
	abstract = {Glacier mass loss is recognized as a major contributor to current sea level rise. However, large uncertainties remain in projections of glacier mass loss on global and regional scales. We present an ensemble of 288 glacier mass and area change projections for the 21st century based on 11 glacier models using up to 10 general circulation models and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) as boundary conditions. We partition the total uncertainty into the individual contributions caused by glacier models, general circulation models, RCPs, and natural variability. We find that emission scenario uncertainty is growing throughout the 21st century and is the largest source of uncertainty by 2100. The relative importance of glacier model uncertainty decreases over time, but it is the greatest source of uncertainty until the middle of this century. The projection uncertainty associated with natural variability is small on the global scale but can be large on regional scales. The projected global mass loss by 2100 relative to 2015 (79 $\pm$ 56 mm sea level equivalent for RCP2.6, 159 $\pm$ 86 mm sea level equivalent for RCP8.5) is lower than, but well within, the uncertainty range of previous projections.},
	author = {Marzeion, Ben and Hock, Regine and Anderson, Brian and Bliss, Andrew and Champollion, Nicolas and Fujita, Koji and Huss, Matthias and Immerzeel, Walter W. and Kraaijenbrink, Philip and Malles, Jan‐Hendrik and Maussion, Fabien and Radi{\'c}, Valentina and Rounce, David R. and Sakai, Akiko and Shannon, Sarah and Wal, Roderik and Zekollari, Harry},
	doi = {10.1029/2019EF001470},
	issn = {2328-4277, 2328-4277},
	journal = {Earth's Future},
	language = {en},
	month = jul,
	number = {7},
	title = {Partitioning the {Uncertainty} of {Ensemble} {Projections} of {Global} {Glacier} {Mass} {Change}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019EF001470},
	urldate = {2022-04-07},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019EF001470},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001470}}

@techreport{feigenwinter_2018,
	author = {Feigenwinter, I. and Kotlarski, S. and Casanueva, A. and Fischer, A. M. and Schwierz, C. and Liniger, M. A.},
	date-added = {2022-03-02 14:01:33 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-03-02 14:04:27 +0100},
	institution = {Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss},
	number = {270},
	title = {Exploring quantile mapping as a tool to produce user-tailored climate scenarios for Switzerland},
	type = {Technical Report},
	year = {2018}}

@article{hydrolakes_2016,
	author = {Messager, M.L. and Lehner, B. and Grill G. and Nedeva, I. and Schmitt, O.},
	date-added = {2022-02-11 13:11:58 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-11 13:14:23 +0100},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	title = {Estimating the volume and age of water stored in global lakes using a geo-statistical approach.},
	volume = {13603},
	year = {2016}}

@article{ragettli_2018,
	abstract = {{Sound water resources planning and management requires adequate data with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. This is especially true in the context of irrigated agriculture, which is one of the main consumptive users of the world's freshwater resources. Existing remote sensing methods for the management of irrigated agricultural systems are often based on empirical cropland data that are difficult to obtain, and that put into question the transferability of mapping algorithms in space and time. Here we implement an automatic irrigation mapping procedure in Google Earth Engine that uses surface reflectance satellite imagery from different sensors. The method is based on unsupervised training of a pixel-by-pixel classification algorithm within image regions identified through unsupervised object-based segmentation, followed by multi-temporal image analysis to distinguish productive irrigated fields from non-productive and non-irrigated areas. Ground-based data are not required. The final output of the mapping algorithm are monthly and annual irrigation maps (30 m resolution). The novel method is applied to the Central Asian Chu and Talas River Basins that are shared between upstream Kyrgyzstan and downstream Kazakhstan. We calculate the development of irrigated areas from 2000 to 2017 and assess the classification results in terms of robustness and accuracy. Based on seven available validation scenes (in total more than 2.5 million pixels) the classification accuracy is 77--96\%. We show that on the Kyrgyz side of the Talas basin, the identified increasing trends over the years are highly significant (23\% area increase between 2000 and 2017). In the Kazakh parts of the basins the irrigated acreages are relatively stable over time, but the average irrigation frequency within Soviet-era irrigation perimeters is very low, which points to a poor physical condition of the irrigation infrastructure and inadequate water supply.}},
	author = {Ragettli, Silvan and Herberz, Timo and Siegfried, Tobias},
	date-added = {2022-02-11 11:00:47 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-11 11:00:47 +0100},
	doi = {10.3390/rs10111823},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1823},
	title = {{An Unsupervised Classification Algorithm for Multi- Temporal Irrigated Area Mapping in Central Asia}},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111823}}

@misc{grdc_2020,
	author = {{GRDC, Koblenz, Germany: Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG).}},
	date-added = {2022-02-11 10:40:59 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-11 10:43:16 +0100},
	howpublished = {Shape},
	title = {Major River Basins of the World / Global Runoff Data Centre, GRDC. 2nd, rev. ext. ed.},
	year = {2020}}

@article{barbarossa_2018,
	abstract = {Streamflow data is highly relevant for a variety of socio-economic as well as ecological analyses or applications, but a high-resolution global streamflow dataset is yet lacking. We created FLO1K, a consistent streamflow dataset at a resolution of 30 arc seconds (\~{}1 km) and global coverage. FLO1K comprises mean, maximum and minimum annual flow for each year in the period 1960--2015, provided as spatially continuous gridded layers. We mapped streamflow by means of artificial neural networks (ANNs) regression. An ensemble of ANNs were fitted on monthly streamflow observations from 6600 monitoring stations worldwide, i.e., minimum and maximum annual flows represent the lowest and highest mean monthly flows for a given year. As covariates we used the upstream-catchment physiography (area, surface slope, elevation) and year-specific climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, aridity index and seasonality indices). Confronting the maps with independent data indicated good agreement (R2 values up to 91{\%}). FLO1K delivers essential data for freshwater ecology and water resources analyses at a global scale and yet high spatial resolution.},
	author = {Barbarossa, Valerio and Huijbregts, Mark A. J. and Beusen, Arthur H. W. and Beck, Hylke E. and King, Henry and Schipper, Aafke M.},
	date = {2018/03/27},
	date-added = {2022-02-09 13:34:53 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-09 13:34:53 +0100},
	doi = {10.1038/sdata.2018.52},
	id = {Barbarossa2018},
	isbn = {2052-4463},
	journal = {Scientific Data},
	number = {1},
	pages = {180052},
	title = {FLO1K, global maps of mean, maximum and minimum annual streamflow at 1 km resolution from 1960 through 2015},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.52},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.52}}

@article{goodd_2020,
	abstract = {By presenting the most comprehensive GlObal geOreferenced Database of Dams to date containing more than 38,000 dams as well as their associated catchments, we enable new and improved global analyses of the impact of dams on society and environment and the impact of environmental change (for example land use and climate change) on the catchments of dams. This paper presents the development of the global database through systematic digitisation of satellite imagery globally by a small team and highlights the various approaches to bias estimation and to validation of the data. The following datasets are provided (a) raw digitised coordinates for the location of dam walls (that may be useful for example in machine learning approaches to dam identification from imagery), (b) a global vector file of the watershed for each dam.},
	author = {Mulligan, Mark and van Soesbergen, Arnout and S{\'a}enz, Leonardo},
	date = {2020/01/21},
	date-added = {2022-02-09 13:28:15 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-09 13:28:15 +0100},
	doi = {10.1038/s41597-020-0362-5},
	id = {Mulligan2020},
	isbn = {2052-4463},
	journal = {Scientific Data},
	number = {1},
	pages = {31},
	title = {GOODD, a global dataset of more than 38,000 georeferenced dams},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0362-5},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0362-5}}

@article{farinotti_consensus_2019,
	author = {Farinotti, Daniel and Huss, Matthias and F{\"u}rst, Johannes J. and Landmann, Johannes and Machguth, Horst and Maussion, Fabien and Pandit, Ankur},
	date-added = {2022-02-09 13:12:49 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-09 13:12:49 +0100},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-019-0300-3},
	issn = {1752-0894, 1752-0908},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	language = {en},
	month = mar,
	number = {3},
	pages = {168--173},
	title = {A consensus estimate for the ice thickness distribution of all glaciers on {Earth}},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-019-0300-3},
	urldate = {2021-06-03},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-019-0300-3},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0300-3}}

@article{hugonnet_accelerated_2021,
	abstract = {Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are shrinking rapidly, altering regional hydrology1, raising global sea level2 and elevating natural hazards3. Yet, owing to the scarcity of constrained mass loss observations, glacier evolution during the satellite era is known only partially, as a geographic and temporal patchwork4,5. Here we reveal the accelerated, albeit contrasting, patterns of glacier mass loss during the early twenty-first century. Using largely untapped satellite archives, we chart surface elevation changes at a high spatiotemporal resolution over all of Earth's glaciers. We extensively validate our estimates against independent, high-precision measurements and present a globally complete and consistent estimate of glacier mass change. We show that during 2000--2019, glaciers lost a mass of 267 $\pm$ 16 gigatonnes per year, equivalent to 21 $\pm$ 3 per cent of the observed sea-level rise6. We identify a mass loss acceleration of 48 $\pm$ 16 gigatonnes per year per decade, explaining 6 to 19 per cent of the observed acceleration of sea-level rise. Particularly, thinning rates of glaciers outside ice sheet peripheries doubled over the past two decades. Glaciers currently lose more mass, and at similar or larger acceleration rates, than the Greenland or Antarctic ice sheets taken separately7--9. By uncovering the patterns of mass change in many regions, we find contrasting glacier fluctuations that agree with the decadal variability in precipitation and temperature. These include a North Atlantic anomaly of decelerated mass loss, a strongly accelerated loss from northwestern American glaciers, and the apparent end of the Karakoram anomaly of mass gain10. We anticipate our highly resolved estimates to advance the understanding of drivers that govern the distribution of glacier change, and to extend our capabilities of predicting these changes at all scales. Predictions robustly benchmarked against observations are critically needed to design adaptive policies for the local- and regional-scale management of water resources and cryospheric risks, as well as for the global-scale mitigation of sea-level rise.},
	author = {Hugonnet, Romain and {McNabb}, Robert and Berthier, Etienne and Menounos, Brian and Nuth, Christopher and Girod, Luc and Farinotti, Daniel and Huss, Matthias and Dussaillant, Ines and Brun, Fanny and K{\"a}{\"a}b, Andreas},
	date = {2021-04},
	date-added = {2022-02-09 13:12:45 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-09 13:12:45 +0100},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	journaltitle = {Nature},
	langid = {english},
	note = {Bandiera\_abtest: a Cg\_type: Nature Research Journals Number: 7856 Primary\_atype: Research Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Subject\_term: Climate-change impacts;Cryospheric science;Hydrology Subject\_term\_id: climate-change-impacts;cryospheric-science;hydrology},
	number = {7856},
	pages = {726--731},
	rights = {2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},
	title = {Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03436-z},
	urldate = {2021-07-23},
	volume = {592},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03436-z},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z}}

@manual{whitebox_2014,
	author = {Lindsay, J. B.},
	date-added = {2022-02-09 12:35:08 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-09 12:36:15 +0100},
	month = {April},
	organization = {University of Glasgow},
	title = {The Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools project and open-access GIS},
	year = {2014}}

@article{hydro_basins_wwf,
	author = {Lehner, B. and Grill G.},
	date-added = {2022-02-09 12:20:48 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-09 12:22:12 +0100},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	number = {15},
	pages = {2171-2186},
	title = {Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world's large river systems.},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2013}}

@techreport{usgs_529_2010,
	author = {Olson, S. A. and Williams-Sether, T.},
	date-added = {2022-02-08 17:00:54 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-08 17:03:02 +0100},
	institution = {USGS},
	number = {529},
	title = {Streamflow characteristics at streamgages in northern Afghanistan and selected locations},
	type = {U.S. Geological Survey Data Series},
	year = {2010}}

@electronic{gadm_2012,
	author = {{Global Administrative Areas}},
	date-added = {2022-02-07 09:24:10 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-07 09:26:30 +0100},
	lastchecked = {07.02.2022},
	title = {GADM database of Global Administrative Areas, version 2.0},
	url = {https://gadm.org},
	urldate = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://gadm.org}}

@article{erasov_1968,
	author = {N.V. Erasov},
	date-added = {2022-02-06 10:13:34 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-06 10:13:34 +0100},
	journal = {MGI},
	number = {14},
	pages = {307 - 308},
	title = {Method for determining of volume of mountain glaciers.},
	year = {1968}}

@book{glims_global,
	author = {GLIMS and NSIDC},
	date-added = {2022-02-06 10:13:07 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-06 10:13:07 +0100},
	edition = {Compiled and made available by the international GLIMS community and the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder CO, U.S.A.},
	number = {DOI:10.7265/N5V98602},
	title = {Global Land Ice Measurements from Space glacier database},
	year = {2005, updated 2018}}

@misc{copernicus_landcover_2019,
	author = {M. Buchhorn and B. Smets and L. Bertels and B. De Roo and M. Lesiv and N.E. Tsendbazar and M. Herold and S. Fritz},
	date-added = {2022-02-06 10:12:27 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-02-09 13:37:28 +0100},
	keywords = {10.5281/zenodo.3939050},
	title = {Copernicus Global Land Service: Land Cover 100m: collection 3: epoch 2019: Globe},
	year = {2019}}

@article{liu_hmasr_2021,
	abstract = {Seasonal snowpack is an essential component in the hydrological cycle and plays a significant role in supplying water resources to downstream users. Yet the snow water equivalent ({SWE}) in seasonal snowpacks, and its space-time variation, remains highly uncertain, especially over mountainous areas with complex terrain and sparse observations, such as 10 in High-Mountain Asia ({HMA}). In this work, we assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal {SWE}, obtained from a new 18-year {HMA} Snow Reanalysis ({HMASR}) dataset, as part of the recent {NASA} High-Mountain Asia Team ({HiMAT}) effort. A Bayesian snow reanalysis scheme previously developed to assimilate satellite derived fractional snow-covered area ({fSCA}) products from Landsat and {MODIS} platforms has been applied to develop the {HMASR} dataset (at a spatial resolution of 16 arc-second ({\textasciitilde}500 m) and daily temporal resolution) over the joint Landsat-{MODIS} period covering Water 15 Years ({WYs}) 2000-2017. Based on the results, the {HMA}-wide total {SWE} volume is found to be around 163 km3 on average and ranges from 114 km3 ({WY}2001) to 227 km3 ({WY}2005) when assessed over 18 {WYs}. The most abundant snowpacks are found in the northwestern basins (e.g. Indus, Syr Darya and Amu Darya) that are mainly affected by the westerlies, accounting for around 66\% of total seasonal {SWE} volume. When examining the elevational distribution over the {HMA} domain, seasonal {SWE} volume peaks at mid-elevations (around 3500 m), with over 50\% of the volume stored above 3500 20 m. This work brings new insight into understanding the climatology and variability of seasonal snowpack over {HMA}, with the regional snow reanalysis constrained by remote sensing data, providing a new reference dataset for future studies of seasonal snow and how it contributes to the water cycle and climate over the {HMA} region.},
	author = {Liu, Yufei and Fang, Yiwen and Margulis, Steven A.},
	date = {2021},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-2021-139},
	journaltitle = {The Cryosphere},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {5261--5280},
	title = {Spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal snow water equivalent in High-Mountain Asia from an 18-year Landsat-{MODIS} era snow reanalysis dataset},
	url = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5261/2021/tc-15-5261-2021.html},
	urldate = {2021-03-02},
	volume = {15},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5261/2021/tc-15-5261-2021.html},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-139}}

@software{liu_hmasr_data_2021,
	author = {Liu, Y. and Fang, Y. and Margulis, S. A.},
	date = {2021},
	location = {Boulder, Colorado {USA}},
	publisher = {{NASA} National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center},
	title = {High Mountain Asia {UCLA} Daily Snow Reanalysis},
	url = {doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/HNAUGJQXSCVU},
	urldate = {2022-03-01},
	version = {Version 1},
	bdsk-url-1 = {doi:%20https://doi.org/10.5067/HNAUGJQXSCVU}}

@article{liu_spatiotemporal_2021,
	abstract = {Seasonal snowpack is an essential component in the hydrological cycle and plays a significant role in supplying water resources to downstream users. Yet the snow water equivalent ({SWE}) in seasonal snowpacks, and its space--time variation, remains highly uncertain, especially over mountainous areas with complex terrain and sparse observations, such as in High Mountain Asia ({HMA}). In this work, we assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal {SWE}, obtained from a new 18-year {HMA} Snow Reanalysis ({HMASR}) dataset, as part of the recent {NASA} High Mountain Asia Team ({HiMAT}) effort. A Bayesian snow reanalysis scheme previously developed to assimilate satellitederived fractional snow-covered area ({fSCA}) products from Landsat and {MODIS} platforms has been applied to develop the {HMASR} dataset (at a spatial resolution of 16 arcsec (∼ 500 m) and daily temporal resolution) over the joint Landsat--{MODIS} period covering water years ({WYs}) 2000--2017.},
	author = {Liu, Yufei and Fang, Yiwen and Margulis, Steven A.},
	date = {2021-11-26},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-15-5261-2021},
	issn = {1994-0424},
	journaltitle = {The Cryosphere},
	langid = {english},
	number = {11},
	pages = {5261--5280},
	shortjournal = {The Cryosphere},
	title = {Spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal snow water equivalent in High Mountain Asia from an 18-year Landsat--{MODIS} era snow reanalysis dataset},
	url = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5261/2021/},
	urldate = {2022-02-28},
	volume = {15},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5261/2021/},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5261-2021}}

@article{miles_health_2021,
	abstract = {Glaciers in High Mountain Asia generate meltwater that supports the water needs of 250
million people, but current knowledge of annual accumulation and ablation is limited to
sparse field measurements biased in location and glacier size. Here, we present altitudinallyresolved specific mass balances (surface, internal, and basal combined) for 5527 glaciers in
High Mountain Asia for 2000--2016, derived by correcting observed glacier thinning patterns
for mass redistribution due to ice flow. We find that 41\% of glaciers accumulated mass over
less than 20\% of their area, and only 60\% $\pm$ 10\% of regional annual ablation was compensated by accumulation. Even without 21st century warming, 21\% $\pm$ 1\% of ice volume will
be lost by 2100 due to current climatic-geometric imbalance, representing a reduction in
glacier ablation into rivers of 28\% $\pm$ 1\%. The ablation of glaciers in the Himalayas and Tien
Shan was mostly unsustainable and ice volume in these regions will reduce by at least 30\%
by 2100. The most important and vulnerable glacier-fed river basins (Amu Darya, Indus, Syr
Darya, Tarim Interior) were supplied with {\textgreater}50\% sustainable glacier ablation but will see longterm reductions in ice mass and glacier meltwater supply regardless of the Karakoram
Anomaly.},
	author = {Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Dehecq, Amaury and Kneib, Marin and Fugger, Stefan and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23073-4},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	language = {en},
	number = {2868},
	pages = {10},
	title = {Health and sustainability of glaciers in {High} {Mountain} {Asia}},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23073-4}}

@article{millan_ice_2022,
	author = {Millan, Romain and Mouginot, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Rabatel, Antoine and Morlighem, Mathieu},
	date = {2022-02},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-021-00885-z},
	issn = {1752-0894, 1752-0908},
	journaltitle = {Nature Geoscience},
	langid = {english},
	number = {2},
	pages = {124--129},
	shortjournal = {Nat. Geosci.},
	title = {Ice velocity and thickness of the world's glaciers},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00885-z},
	urldate = {2022-02-28},
	volume = {15},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00885-z},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00885-z}}

@misc{rgi60,
	author = {{RGI Consortium}},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.7265/N5-RGI-60},
	howpublished = {{Global Land Ice Measurements from Space, Colorado, USA. Digital Media}},
	title = {{Randolph} {Glacier} {Inventory} -- A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines: Version 6.0: Technical Report},
	year = 2017,
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.7265/N5-RGI-60}}

@article{kaser_contribution_2010,
	author = {Kaser, G. and Grosshauser, M. and Marzeion, B.},
	date = {2010-11-23},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1008162107},
	issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
	journaltitle = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	langid = {english},
	number = {47},
	pages = {20223--20227},
	shortjournal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	title = {Contribution potential of glaciers to water availability in different climate regimes},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1008162107},
	urldate = {2022-02-04},
	volume = {107},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1008162107},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008162107}}

@article{barandun_state_2020,
	author = {Barandun, Martina and Fiddes, Joel and Scherler, Martin and Mathys, Tamara and Saks, Tomas and Petrakov, Dimitry and Hoelzle, Martin},
	date = {2020},
	doi = {10.1016/j.wasec.2020.100072},
	journaltitle = {Water Security},
	langid = {english},
	title = {The state and future of the cryosphere in Central Asia},
	url = {https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2468312420300122?token=1FADF0A9F15CF50B9A8C395C80BB6C2474093C3E434E7B3501A65AD81A88260536190B6D959F62B6A142397B0A936904&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210719110336},
	urldate = {2021-07-19},
	volume = {11},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2468312420300122?token=1FADF0A9F15CF50B9A8C395C80BB6C2474093C3E434E7B3501A65AD81A88260536190B6D959F62B6A142397B0A936904&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210719110336},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2020.100072}}

@article{khanal_variable_2021,
	abstract = {The hydrological response to climate change in mountainous basins manifests itself at varying spatial and temporal scales, ranging from catchment to large river basin scale and from sub-daily to decade and century scale. To robustly assess the 21st century climate change impact for hydrology in entire High Mountain Asia ({HMA}) at a wide range of scales, we use a high resolution cryospherichydrological model covering 15 upstream {HMA} basins to quantify the compound effects of future changes in precipitation and temperature based on the range of climate change projections in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate model ensemble. Our analysis reveals contrasting responses for {HMA}'s rivers, dictated by their hydrological regimes. At the seasonal scale, the earlier onset of melting causes a shift in the magnitude and peak of water availability, to earlier in the year. At the decade to century scale, after an initial increase, the glacier melt declines by the mid or end of the century except for the Tarim river basin, where it continues to increase. Despite a large variability in hydrological regimes across {HMA}'s rivers, our results indicate relatively consistent climate change responses across {HMA} in terms of total water availability at decadal time scales. Although total water availability increases for the headwaters, changes in seasonality and magnitude may diverge widely between basins and need to be addressed while adapting to future changes in a region where food security, energy security as well as biodiversity, and the livelihoods of many depend on water from {HMA}.},
	author = {Khanal, S. and Lutz, A.F. and Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A. and van den Hurk, B. and Yao, T. and Immerzeel, W. W.},
	date = {2021-05},
	doi = {10.1029/2020WR029266},
	issn = {0043-1397, 1944-7973},
	journaltitle = {Water Resources Research},
	langid = {english},
	number = {5},
	shortjournal = {Water Res},
	title = {Variable 21st Century Climate Change Response for Rivers in High Mountain Asia at Seasonal to Decadal Time Scales},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020WR029266},
	urldate = {2022-02-28},
	volume = {57},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020WR029266},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029266}}

@article{dhaubanjar_systematic_2021,
	abstract = {Siloed-approaches may fuel the misguided development of hydropower and subsequent target-setting under the sustainable development goals ({SDGs}). While hydropower development in the Indus basin is vital to ensure energy security ({SDG}7), it needs to be balanced with water use for fulfilling food ({SDG}2) and water ({SDG}6) security. Existing methods to estimate hydropower potential generally focus on: only one class of potential, a methodological advance for either of hydropower siting, sizing, or costing of one site, or the ranking of a portfolio of projects. A majority of them fall short in addressing sustainability. Hence, we develop a systematic framework for the basin-scale assessment of the sustainable hydropower potential by integrating considerations of the water-energy-food nexus, disaster risk, climate change, environmental protection, and socio-economic preferences. Considering the case of the upper Indus, the framework is developed by combining advances in literature, insights from local hydropower practitioners and over 30 datasets to represent real-life challenges to sustainable hydropower development, while distinguishing between small and large plants for two run-of-river plant configurations. The framework first addresses theoretical potential and successively constrains this further by stepwise inclusion of technical, economical, and sustainability criteria to obtain the sustainable exploitable hydropower potential. We conclude that sustainable hydropower potential in complex basins such as the Indus goes far beyond the hydrological boundary conditions. Our framework enables the careful inclusion of factors beyond the status-quo technological and economic criterions to guide policymakers in hydropower development decisions in the Indus and beyond. Future work will implement the framework to quantify the different hydropower potential classes and explore adaptation pathways to balance {SDG}7 with the other interlinked {SDGs} in the Indus.},
	author = {Dhaubanjar, Sanita and Lutz, Arthur F. and Gernaat, David E. H. J. and Nepal, Santosh and Smolenaars, Wouter and Pradhananga, Saurav and Biemans, Hester and Ludwig, Fulco and Shrestha, Arun B. and Immerzeel, Walter W.},
	date = {2021},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147142},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	journaltitle = {Science of The Total Environment},
	keywords = {Hydropower development, Hydropower potential, Hydropower siting, Hydropower sizing, Sustainability, Sustainable development goals},
	pages = {147142},
	title = {A systematic framework for the assessment of sustainable hydropower potential in a river basin -- The case of the upper Indus},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721022129},
	volume = {786},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721022129},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147142}}

@article{armstrong_runoff_2019,
	abstract = {Across High Asia, the amount, timing, and spatial patterns of snow and ice melt play key roles in providing water for downstream irrigation, hydropower generation, and general consumption. The goal of this paper is to distinguish the specific contribution of seasonal snow versus glacier ice melt in the major basins of High Mountain Asia: Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, Amu Darya, and Syr Darya. Our methodology involves the application of MODIS-derived remote sensing products to separately calculate daily melt outputs from snow and glacier ice. Using an automated partitioning method, we generate daily maps of (1) snow over glacier ice, (2) exposed glacier ice, and (3) snow over land. These are inputs to a temperature index model that yields melt water volumes contributing to river flow. Results for the five major High Mountain Asia basins show that the western regions are heavily reliant on snow and ice melt sources for summer dry season flow when demand is at a peak, whereas monsoon rainfall dominates runoff during the summer period in the east. While uncertainty remains in the temperature index model applied here, our approach to partitioning melt from seasonal snow and glacier ice is both innovative and systematic and more constrained than previous efforts with similar goals.},
	author = {Armstrong, Richard L. and Rittger, Karl and Brodzik, Mary J. and Racoviteanu, Adina and Barrett, Andrew P. and Khalsa, Siri-Jodha Singh and Raup, Bruce and Hill, Alice F. and Khan, Alia L. and Wilson, Alana M. and Kayastha, Rijan Bhakta and Fetterer, Florence and Armstrong, Betsy},
	doi = {10.1007/s10113-018-1429-0},
	issn = {1436-3798, 1436-378X},
	journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
	language = {en},
	month = jun,
	number = {5},
	pages = {1249--1261},
	shorttitle = {Runoff from glacier ice and seasonal snow in {High} {Asia}},
	title = {Runoff from glacier ice and seasonal snow in {High} {Asia}: separating melt water sources in river flow},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10113-018-1429-0},
	urldate = {2021-05-12},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10113-018-1429-0},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1429-0}}

@article{knuth84,
	address = {USA},
	author = {Knuth, Donald E.},
	doi = {10.1093/comjnl/27.2.97},
	issn = {0010-4620},
	issue_date = {May 1984},
	journal = {Comput. J.},
	month = may,
	number = {2},
	numpages = {15},
	pages = {97--111},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press, Inc.},
	title = {Literate Programming},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/27.2.97},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/27.2.97}}

@manual{r_base,
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {{R Core Team}},
	organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
	title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
	url = {https://www.R-project.org/},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.R-project.org/}}

@book{shults_RiversOfMiddleAsia,
	author = {Victor Shults},
	date-added = {2020-06-03 20:37:32 +0200},
	date-modified = {2020-06-03 20:41:41 +0200},
	edition = {2nd Edition},
	publisher = {Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad},
	title = {Rivers of Middle Asia},
	year = {1965}}

@manual{RStudio-2022,
	address = {Boston, MA},
	author = {'RStudio Team'},
	date-added = {2020-11-01 13:47:35 +0100},
	date-modified = {2020-11-01 13:48:41 +0100},
	organization = {RStudio, PBC.},
	title = {RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R},
	year = {2022}}

@manual{QGIS_software,
	author = {{QGIS Development Team}},
	date-added = {2021-02-15 12:42:29 +0100},
	date-modified = {2021-02-15 12:44:49 +0100},
	keywords = {https://www.qgis.org},
	organization = {QGIS Association},
	title = {QGIS Geographic Information System},
	year = {2021}}

@techreport{rsminerve_tm,
	address = {Switzerland},
	author = {Garcia Hernandez, J. and Foehn, A. and Fluixa-Sanmartin, J. and Roquier, B. and Brauchli, T. and Paredes Arquiola, J. and De Cesare G.},
	date-added = {2020-06-03 09:48:45 +0200},
	date-modified = {2020-06-03 10:04:48 +0200},
	institution = {Ed. CREALP},
	number = {ISSN 2673-2661},
	title = {RS MINERVE - Technical manual, v2.25},
	year = {2020}}

@techreport{rsminerve_um,
	address = {Switzerland},
	author = {Foehn, A. and Garcia Hernandez, J. and Roquier, B. and Fluixa-Sanmartin, J. and Brauchli, T. and Paredes Arquiola, J. and De Cesare, G.},
	date-added = {2020-06-03 09:42:19 +0200},
	date-modified = {2020-06-03 10:04:05 +0200},
	institution = {Ed. CREALP},
	number = {ISSN 2673-2653},
	title = {RS MINERVE - User Manual, V2.15},
	year = {2020}}

@webpage{srtm_2020,
	date-modified = {2022-02-11 10:51:46 +0100},
	institution = {NASA},
	lastchecked = {2022-02-06},
	title = {NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)},
	url = {https://earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/nasa-shuttle-radar-topography-mission-srtm-version-3-0-global-1-arc-second-data-released-over-asia-and-australia},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/nasa-shuttle-radar-topography-mission-srtm-version-3-0-global-1-arc-second-data-released-over-asia-and-australia}}

@article{beck_2020,
	author = {{Beck}, {Hylke E.} and {Wood}, {Eric F.} and {McVicar}, {Tim R.} and {Zambrano-Bigiarini}, {Mauricio} and {Alvarez-Garreton}, {Camila} and {Baez-Villanueva}, {Oscar M.} and {Sheffield}, {Justin} and {Karger}, {Dirk N.}},
	date = {2020-01-01},
	doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0332.1},
	journal = {Journal of Climate},
	langid = {EN},
	month = {01},
	note = {Publisher: American Meteorological Society Section: Journal of Climate},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1299--1315},
	title = {Bias Correction of Global High-Resolution Precipitation Climatologies Using Streamflow Observations from 9372 Catchments},
	url = {https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/33/4/jcli-d-19-0332.1.xml},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/33/4/jcli-d-19-0332.1.xml},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0332.1}}

@article{karger_2021,
	abstract = {{High-resolution climatic data are essential to many questions and applications in environmental research and ecology. Here we develop and implement a new semi-mechanistic downscaling approach for daily precipitation estimate that incorporates high resolution (30 arcsec, ≈1 km) satellite-derived cloud frequency. The downscaling algorithm incorporates orographic predictors such as wind fields, valley exposition, and boundary layer height, with a subsequent bias correction. We apply the method to the ERA5 precipitation archive and MODIS monthly cloud cover frequency to develop a daily gridded precipitation time series in 1 km resolution for the years 2003 onward. Comparison of the predictions with existing gridded products and station data from the Global Historical Climate Network indicates an improvement in the spatio-temporal performance of the downscaled data in predicting precipitation. Regional scrutiny of the cloud cover correction from the continental United States further indicates that CHELSA-EarthEnv performs well in comparison to other precipitation products. The CHELSA-EarthEnv daily precipitation product improves the temporal accuracy compared with a large improvement in the spatial accuracy especially in complex terrain.}},
	author = {Karger, Dirk Nikolaus and Wilson, Adam M. and Mahony, Colin and Zimmermann, Niklaus E. and Jetz, Walter},
	doi = {10.1038/s41597-021-01084-6},
	journal = {Scientific Data},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Downloads/s41597-021-01084-6.pdf},
	number = {1},
	pages = {307},
	pmcid = {PMC8626457},
	pmid = {34836980},
	title = {{Global daily 1 km land surface precipitation based on cloud cover-informed downscaling}},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-file-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDSAQIDBFxyZWxhdGl2ZVBhdGhZYWxpYXNEYXRhXxA4Li4vLi4vLi4vLi4vLi4vLi4vLi4vLi4vRG93bmxvYWRzL3M0MTU5Ny0wMjEtMDEwODQtNi5wZGZPEQF6AAAAAAF6AAIAAAxNYWNpbnRvc2ggSEQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQkQAAf////8WczQxNTk3LTAyMS0wMTA4NC02LnBkZgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAIAAAogY3UAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACURvd25sb2FkcwAAAgA4LzpVc2Vyczp0b2JpYXNzaWVnZnJpZWQ6RG93bmxvYWRzOnM0MTU5Ny0wMjEtMDEwODQtNi5wZGYADgAuABYAcwA0ADEANQA5ADcALQAwADIAMQAtADAAMQAwADgANAAtADYALgBwAGQAZgAPABoADABNAGEAYwBpAG4AdABvAHMAaAAgAEgARAASADZVc2Vycy90b2JpYXNzaWVnZnJpZWQvRG93bmxvYWRzL3M0MTU5Ny0wMjEtMDEwODQtNi5wZGYAEwABLwAAFQACABb//wAAAAgADQAaACQAXwAAAAAAAAIBAAAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHd},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01084-6}}

@article{karger_2017,
	abstract = {{High-resolution information on climatic conditions is essential to many applications in environmental and ecological sciences. Here we present the CHELSA (Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas) data of downscaled model output temperature and precipitation estimates of the ERA-Interim climatic reanalysis to a high resolution of 30 arc sec. The temperature algorithm is based on statistical downscaling of atmospheric temperatures. The precipitation algorithm incorporates orographic predictors including wind fields, valley exposition, and boundary layer height, with a subsequent bias correction. The resulting data consist of a monthly temperature and precipitation climatology for the years 1979-2013. We compare the data derived from the CHELSA algorithm with other standard gridded products and station data from the Global Historical Climate Network. We compare the performance of the new climatologies in species distribution modelling and show that we can increase the accuracy of species range predictions. We further show that CHELSA climatological data has a similar accuracy as other products for temperature, but that its predictions of precipitation patterns are better.}},
	author = {Karger, Dirk Nikolaus and Conrad, Olaf and B{\"o}hner, J{\"u}rgen and Kawohl, Tobias and Kreft, Holger and Soria-Auza, Rodrigo Wilber and Zimmermann, Niklaus E. and Linder, H. Peter and Kessler, Michael},
	doi = {10.1038/sdata.2017.122},
	eprint = {1607.00217},
	journal = {Scientific Data},
	number = {1},
	pages = {170122},
	pmid = {28872642},
	title = {{Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas}},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122}}

@article{karger_2020,
	abstract = {{Abstract Predicting future climatic conditions at high spatial resolution is essential for many applications and impact studies in science. Here, we present monthly time series data on precipitation, minimum- and maximum temperature for four downscaled global circulation models. We used model output statistics in combination with mechanistic downscaling (the CHELSA algorithm) to calculate mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, as well as monthly precipitation at \textbackslashtextasciitilde5 km spatial resolution globally for the years 2006--2100. We validated the performance of the downscaling algorithm by comparing model output with the observed climate of the historical period 1950--1969.}},
	author = {Karger, Dirk Nikolaus and Schmatz, Dirk R. and Dettling, Gabriel and Zimmermann, Niklaus E.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41597-020-00587-y},
	eprint = {1912.06037},
	journal = {Scientific Data},
	number = {1},
	pages = {248},
	pmid = {32703947},
	title = {{High-resolution monthly precipitation and temperature time series from 2006 to 2100}},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00587-y}}

@article{trabucco_2019,
	author = {Antonio Trabucco and Robert Zomer},
	date-added = {2021-03-01 15:24:46 +0100},
	date-modified = {2021-03-01 15:24:46 +0100},
	doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.7504448.v3},
	month = {1},
	title = {{Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration (ET0) Climate Database v2}},
	url = {https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Global_Aridity_Index_and_Potential_Evapotranspiration_ET0_Climate_Database_v2/7504448},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Global_Aridity_Index_and_Potential_Evapotranspiration_ET0_Climate_Database_v2/7504448},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7504448.v3}}

@article{miralles_2020,
	author = {D. G. Miralles and W. Brutsaert and A. J. Dolman and J. H. Gash},
	date-added = {2021-04-18 19:29:22 +0200},
	date-modified = {2021-04-18 19:30:53 +0200},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	number = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028055},
	title = {On the Use of the Term "Evapotranspiration"},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2020}}

@article{ARORA2002164,
	abstract = {Available energy (often expressed in terms of potential evaporation) and precipitation largely determine annual evapotranspiration and runoff rates in a region. The ratio of annual potential evaporation to precipitation, referred to as the aridity index by Budyko, has been shown to describe the evaporation ratio (the ratio of annual evapotranspiration to precipitation) of catchments from a range of climatic regimes in a number of studies. It has been shown that aridity index alone can be used to obtain an estimate of ratio of standard deviation of annual evapotranspiration estimates to that of precipitation (the evaporation deviation ratio). At present, there are at least five functional forms available, which describe evaporation ratio as a function of aridity index. This study assesses data from Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis' (CCCma) third-generation atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) against these five functional forms. Evaporation ratio and evaporation deviation ratios from an AGCM simulation are compared against these five functional forms and it is shown that the primary control of available energy and precipitation over annual partitioning of precipitation, and interannual variability of evapotranspiration, is preserved well in the AGCM. The aridity index is further used to obtain an analytic equation, which can be used to estimate change in runoff given annual changes in precipitation and available energy. This equation is validated using data from control and climate change simulations of the CCCma coupled GCM (CGCM1) and shown to perform fairly well. The correlation between CGCM1 simulated annual change in runoff and the values obtained using aridity index is consistently around 0.95, and the average bias varies between 40.5 and 50.3mm/year, for the five functional forms. The successful validation of this equation against data from a GCM climate change simulation illustrates the continued relevance of aridity index, and the primary control of precipitation and available energy in determining annual evapotranspiration and runoff rates.},
	author = {Vivek K Arora},
	date-added = {2021-02-26 11:10:42 +0100},
	date-modified = {2021-02-26 11:10:42 +0100},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00101-4},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	keywords = {Climate change, Runoff, Aridity index, General circulation models},
	number = {1},
	pages = {164-177},
	title = {The use of the aridity index to assess climate change effect on annual runoff},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169402001014},
	volume = {265},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169402001014},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00101-4}}

@book{budyko_1974,
	author = {M. I. Budyko},
	date-added = {2021-04-18 19:54:48 +0200},
	date-modified = {2021-04-18 19:55:35 +0200},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	title = {Climate and Life},
	year = {1974}}

@article{berghuijs_2020,
	author = {W. R. Berghuijs and S. J. Gnann and R. A. Woods},
	date-added = {2021-04-18 20:47:48 +0200},
	date-modified = {2021-04-18 20:48:50 +0200},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	title = {Unanswered questions on the Budyko framework},
	year = {2020}}

@article{budyko_1951,
	author = {M. I. Budyko},
	date-added = {2021-04-19 09:53:14 +0200},
	date-modified = {2021-04-19 09:54:16 +0200},
	journal = {Problemy Fiz Geeografii},
	pages = {41-48},
	title = {On climatic factors of runof (in Russian)},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1951}}

@article{gentine_2012,
	author = {P. Gentine and P. D'Odorico B. R. Lintner and G. Sivandran and G. Salvucci},
	date-added = {2021-04-19 13:10:16 +0200},
	date-modified = {2021-04-19 13:11:38 +0200},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	number = {19},
	title = {Interdependence of climate, soil, and vegetation as constrained by the Budyko curve},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2012}}

@article{padron_2017,
	author = {R. S. Padron and L. Gudmundsson and P. Greve and S. Seneviratne},
	date-added = {2021-04-19 08:53:25 +0200},
	date-modified = {2021-04-19 08:54:23 +0200},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	title = {Largescale controls of the surface water balance over land: Insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis},
	year = {2017}}

@article{sposito_2017,
	abstract = {{The Budyko equation has achieved iconic status in hydrology for its concise and accurate representation of the relationship between annual evapotranspiration and long-term-average water and energy balance at catchment scales. Accelerating anthropogenic land-use and climate change have sparked a renewed interest in predictive applications of the Budyko equation to analyze future scenarios important to water resource management. These applications, in turn, have inspired a number of attempts to derive mathematical models of the Budyko equation from a variety of specific assumptions about the original Budyko hypothesis. Here, we show that the Budyko equation and all extant models of it can be derived rigorously from a single mathematical assumption concerning the Budyko hypothesis. The implications of this fact for parametric models of the Budyko equation also are explored.}},
	author = {Sposito, Garrison},
	date-added = {2021-02-15 10:59:37 +0100},
	date-modified = {2021-02-15 10:59:37 +0100},
	doi = {10.3390/w9040236},
	journal = {Water},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Documents/Papers%20Library/Sposito-Understanding%20the%20Budyko%20Equation-2017-Water.pdf},
	number = {4},
	pages = {236},
	title = {{Understanding the Budyko Equation}},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040236}}

@article{choudhury_1999,
	author = {B. J. Choudhury},
	date-added = {2021-04-18 20:30:24 +0200},
	date-modified = {2021-04-18 20:31:10 +0200},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	pages = {99-110},
	title = {Evaluation of an empirical equation for annual evaporation using field observations and results from a biophysical model},
	volume = {216},
	year = {1999}}

@article{Zhang2015,
	abstract = {{A warmer climate may lead to less precipitation falling as snow in cold seasons. Such a switch in the state of precipitation not only alters temporal distribution of intra-annual runoff but also tends to yield less total annual runoff. Long-term water balance for 282 catchments across China is investigated, showing that a decreasing snow ratio reduces annual runoff for a given total precipitation. Within the Budyko framework, we develop an equation to quantify the relationship between snow ratio and annual runoff from a water--energy balance viewpoint. Based on the proposed equation, attribution of runoff change during the past several decades and possible runoff change induced by projected snow ratio change using climate experiment outputs archived in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are analyzed. Results indicate that annual runoff in northwestern mountainous and northern high-latitude areas are sensitive to snow ratio change. The proposed model is applicable to other catchments easily and quantitatively for analyzing the effects of possible change in snow ratio on available water resources and evaluating the vulnerability of catchments to climate change.}},
	author = {Zhang, D. and Cong, Z. and Ni, G. and Yang, D. and Hu, S.},
	date-added = {2021-02-15 10:59:37 +0100},
	date-modified = {2021-02-26 12:54:57 +0100},
	doi = {10.5194/hess-19-1977-2015},
	journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Documents/Papers%20Library/Zhang-Effects%20of%20snow%20ratio%20on%20annual%20runoff%20within%20the%20Budyko%20framework-2015-Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences.pdf},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1977--1992},
	title = {{Effects of snow ratio on annual runoff within the Budyko framework}},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1977-2015}}

@misc{karger_2021_b,
	authors = {Dirk N. Karger and Stefan Lange and Chantal Hari and Christopher P. O. Reyer and Niklaus E. Zimmermann},
	doi = {10.48364/ISIMIP.836809.2},
	publisher = {ISIMIP Repository},
	title = {CHELSA-W5E5 v1.0: W5E5 v1.0 downscaled with CHELSA v2.0},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.836809.2},
	version = {1.0},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.836809.2}}

@article{Buis_n_2017,
	author = {Samuel T. Buis{\'{a}}n and Michael E. Earle and Jos{\'{e}} Lu{\'{\i}}s Collado and John Kochendorfer and Javier Alastru{\'{e}} and Mareile Wolff and Craig D. Smith and Juan I. L{\'{o}}pez-Moreno},
	journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques},
	month = {mar},
	number = {3},
	pages = {1079--1091},
	title = {Assessment of snowfall accumulation underestimation by tipping bucket gauges in the Spanish operational network},
	volume = {10},
	year = 2017}

@article{o_neill_2016,
	abstract = {{Projections of future climate change play a fundamental role in improving understanding of the climate system as well as characterizing societal risks and response options. The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) is the primary activity within Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) that will provide multi-model climate projections based on alternative scenarios of future emissions and land use changes produced with integrated assessment models. In this paper, we describe ScenarioMIP's objectives, experimental design, and its relation to other activities within CMIP6. The ScenarioMIP design is one component of a larger scenario process that aims to facilitate a wide range of integrated studies across the climate science, integrated assessment modeling, and impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability communities, and will form an important part of the evidence base in the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. At the same time, it will provide the basis for investigating a number of targeted science and policy questions that are especially relevant to scenario-based analysis, including the role of specific forcings such as land use and aerosols, the effect of a peak and decline in forcing, the consequences of scenarios that limit warming to below 2 ∘C, the relative contributions to uncertainty from scenarios, climate models, and internal variability, and long-term climate system outcomes beyond the 21st century. To serve this wide range of scientific communities and address these questions, a design has been identified consisting of eight alternative 21st century scenarios plus one large initial condition ensemble and a set of long-term extensions, divided into two tiers defined by relative priority. Some of these scenarios will also provide a basis for variants planned to be run in other CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs to investigate questions related to specific forcings. Harmonized, spatially explicit emissions and land use scenarios generated with integrated assessment models will be provided to participating climate modeling groups by late 2016, with the climate model simulations run within the 2017--2018 time frame, and output from the climate model projections made available and analyses performed over the 2018--2020 period.}},
	author = {O'Neill, Brian C. and Tebaldi, Claudia and Vuuren, Detlef P. van and Eyring, Veronika and Friedlingstein, Pierre and Hurtt, George and Knutti, Reto and Kriegler, Elmar and Lamarque, Jean-Francois and Lowe, Jason and Meehl, Gerald A. and Moss, Richard and Riahi, Keywan and Sanderson, Benjamin M.},
	doi = {10.5194/gmd-9-3461-2016},
	journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
	number = {9},
	pages = {3461--3482},
	title = {{The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6}},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3461-2016}}

@article{rihai_2017,
	abstract = {{ This paper presents the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework, established by the climate change research community in order to facilitate the integrated analysis of future climate impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation, and mitigation. The pathways were developed over the last years as a joint community effort and describe plausible major global developments that together would lead in the future to different challenges for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The SSPs are based on five narratives describing alternative socio-economic developments, including sustainable development, regional rivalry, inequality, fossil-fueled development, and middle-of-the-road development. The long-term demographic and economic projections of the SSPs depict a wide uncertainty range consistent with the scenario literature. A multi-model approach was used for the elaboration of the energy, land-use and the emissions trajectories of SSP-based scenarios. The baseline scenarios lead to global energy consumption of 400--1200 EJ in 2100, and feature vastly different land-use dynamics, ranging from a possible reduction in cropland area up to a massive expansion by more than 700 million hectares by 2100. The associated annual CO2 emissions of the baseline scenarios range from about 25 GtCO2 to more than 120 GtCO2 per year by 2100. With respect to mitigation, we find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socio-economic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target. The carbon price for reaching the target of 2.6W/m2 that is consistent with a temperature change limit of 2$\,^{\circ}$C, differs in our analysis thus by about a factor of three across the SSP marker scenarios. Moreover, many models could not reach this target from the SSPs with high mitigation challenges. While the SSPs were designed to represent different mitigation and adaptation challenges, the resulting narratives and quantifications span a wide range of different futures broadly representative of the current literature. This allows their subsequent use and development in new assessments and research projects. Critical next steps for the community scenario process will, among others, involve regional and sectoral extensions, further elaboration of the adaptation and impacts dimension, as well as employing the SSP scenarios with the new generation of earth system models as part of the 6th climate model intercomparison project (CMIP6).}},
	author = {Riahi, Keywan and Vuuren, Detlef P. van and Kriegler, Elmar and Edmonds, Jae and O'Neill, Brian C. and Fujimori, Shinichiro and Bauer, Nico and Calvin, Katherine and Dellink, Rob and Fricko, Oliver and Lutz, Wolfgang and Popp, Alexander and Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo and KC, Samir and Leimbach, Marian and Jiang, Leiwen and Kram, Tom and Rao, Shilpa and Emmerling, Johannes and Ebi, Kristie and Hasegawa, Tomoko and Havlik, Petr and Humpen{\"o}der, Florian and Silva, Lara Aleluia Da and Smith, Steve and Stehfest, Elke and Bosetti, Valentina and Eom, Jiyong and Gernaat, David and Masui, Toshihiko and Rogelj, Joeri and Strefler, Jessica and Drouet, Laurent and Krey, Volker and Luderer, Gunnar and Harmsen, Mathijs and Takahashi, Kiyoshi and Baumstark, Lavinia and Doelman, Jonathan C. and Kainuma, Mikiko and Klimont, Zbigniew and Marangoni, Giacomo and Lotze-Campen, Hermann and Obersteiner, Michael and Tabeau, Andrzej and Tavoni, Massimo},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009},
	issn = {0959-3780},
	journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	pages = {153--168},
	title = {{The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview}},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009}}

@article{kotlarski_2014,
	abstract = {{EURO-CORDEX is an international climate downscaling initiative that aims to provide high-resolution climate scenarios for Europe. Here an evaluation of the ERA-Interim-driven EURO-CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) ensemble is presented. The study documents the performance of the individual models in representing the basic spatiotemporal patterns of the European climate for the period 1989--2008. Model evaluation focuses on near-surface air temperature and precipitation, and uses the E-OBS data set as observational reference. The ensemble consists of 17 simulations carried out by seven different models at grid resolutions of 12 km (nine experiments) and 50 km (eight experiments). Several performance metrics computed from monthly and seasonal mean values are used to assess model performance over eight subdomains of the European continent. Results are compared to those for the ERA40-driven ENSEMBLES simulations.  The analysis confirms the ability of RCMs to capture the basic features of the European climate, including its variability in space and time. But it also identifies nonnegligible deficiencies of the simulations for selected metrics, regions and seasons. Seasonally and regionally averaged temperature biases are mostly smaller than 1.5 $\,^{\circ}$C, while precipitation biases are typically located in the $\pm$40\% range. Some bias characteristics, such as a predominant cold and wet bias in most seasons and over most parts of Europe and a warm and dry summer bias over southern and southeastern Europe reflect common model biases. For seasonal mean quantities averaged over large European subdomains, no clear benefit of an increased spatial resolution (12 vs. 50 km) can be identified. The bias ranges of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble mostly correspond to those of the ENSEMBLES simulations, but some improvements in model performance can be identified (e.g., a less pronounced southern European warm summer bias). The temperature bias spread across different configurations of one individual model can be of a similar magnitude as the spread across different models, demonstrating a strong influence of the specific choices in physical parameterizations and experimental setup on model performance. Based on a number of simply reproducible metrics, the present study quantifies the currently achievable accuracy of RCMs used for regional climate simulations over Europe and provides a quality standard for future model developments.}},
	author = {Kotlarski, S. and Keuler, K. and Christensen, O. B. and Colette, A. and D{\'e}qu{\'e}, M. and Gobiet, A. and Goergen, K. and Jacob, D. and L{\"u}thi, D. and Meijgaard, E. van and Nikulin, G. and Sch{\"a}r, C. and Teichmann, C. and Vautard, R. and Warrach-Sagi, K. and Wulfmeyer, V.},
	doi = {10.5194/gmd-7-1297-2014},
	journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1297--1333},
	title = {{Regional climate modeling on European scales: a joint standard evaluation of the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble}},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1297-2014}}

@inbook{cancelliere_2019,
	author = {Cancelliere A.},
	chapter = {6},
	date-added = {2020-12-04 10:54:37 +0100},
	date-modified = {2020-12-04 10:57:53 +0100},
	editor = {Teegavarapu R. S. V., Salas J. D., Stedinger, J. R.},
	pages = {203-229},
	publisher = {ASCE},
	title = {Statistical Analysis of Hydrologic Variables},
	year = {2019}}

@article{hock_temperature_2003,
	abstract = {{Temperature index or degree-day models rest upon a claimed relationship between snow or ice melt and air temperature usually expressed in the form of positive temperatures. Since air temperature generally is the most readily available data, such models have been the most widely used method of ice and snow melt computations for many purposes, such as hydrological modelling, ice dynamic modelling or climate sensitivity studies. Despite their simplicity, temperature-index models have proven to be powerful tools for melt modelling, often on a catchment scale outperforming energy balance models. However, two shortcomings are evident: (1) although working well over long time periods their accuracy decreases with increasing temporal resolution; (2) spatial variability cannot be modelled accurately as melt rates may vary substantially due to topographic effects such as shading, slope and aspect angles. These effects are particularly crucial in mountain areas. This paper provides an overview of temperature-index methods, including glacier environments, and discusses recent advances on distributed approaches attempting to account for topographic effects in complex terrain, while retaining scarcity of data input. In the light of an increasing demand for melt estimates with high spatial and temporal resolution, such approaches need further refinement and development.}},
	author = {Hock, Regine},
	doi = {10.1016/s0022-1694(03)00257-9},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {104--115},
	title = {{Temperature index melt modelling in mountain areas}},
	volume = {282},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(03)00257-9}}

@article{lindstrom_development_1997,
	abstract = {A comprehensive re-evaluation of the HBV hydrological model has been carried out. The objectives were to improve its potential for making use of spatially distributed data, to make it more physically sound and to improve the model performance. The new version, HBV-96, uses subbasin division with a typical resolution of 40 km 2, although any resolution can be used. In addition, each subbasin is divided into elevation bands, vegetation and snow classes. Automatic weighting of precipitation and temperature stations was introduced and a new automatic calibration scheme was developed. The modifications led to significant improvements in model performance. In seven test basins the average value of the efficiency criterion R z increased from 86 to 89\%, with improvements in both the calibration and verification periods. {\copyright} 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	author = {Lindstr{\"o}m, G{\"o}ran and Johansson, Barbro and Persson, Magnus and Gardelin, Marie and Bergstr{\"o}m, Sten},
	doi = {10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00041-3},
	issn = {00221694},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	language = {en},
	month = dec,
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {272--288},
	title = {Development and test of the distributed {HBV}-96 hydrological model},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169497000413},
	urldate = {2021-03-31},
	volume = {201},
	year = {1997},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169497000413},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00041-3}}

@techreport{bergstrom_development_1976,
	author = {Bergstr{\"o}m, Sten},
	institution = {Lund Institute of Technology/University of Lund},
	language = {en},
	number = {Nr Rho 7},
	pages = {134},
	title = {Development and application of a conceptual runoff model for {Scandinavian} catchments},
	type = {{SMHI} {Report}},
	year = {1980}}

@techreport{Pedersen1980,
	author = {John T. Pedersen and John C. Peters and Otto J. Helweg},
	institution = {US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute of Water Resources, Hydrologic Engineering Center},
	language = {en},
	number = {TP-74},
	pages = {24},
	title = {Hydrographs by Single Linear Reservoir Model},
	type = {{Technical Report}},
	year = {1980}}

@article{parajka_value_2008,
  title = {The Value of {{MODIS}} Snow Cover Data in Validating and Calibrating Conceptual Hydrologic Models},
  author = {Parajka, J. and Bl{\"o}schl, G.},
  year = {2008},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {358},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {240--258},
  issn = {00221694},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.006},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{bloschl_scale_1995,
	abstract = {A framework is provided for scaling and scale issues in hydrology. The first section gives some basic definitions. This is important as researchers do not seem to have agreed on the meaning of concepts such as scale or upscaling. `Process scale', `observation scale' and `modelling (working) scale' require different definitions. The second section discusses heterogeneity and variability in catchments and touches on the implications of randomness and organization for scaling. The third section addresses the linkages across scales from a modelling point of view. It is argued that upscaling typically consists of two steps: distributing and aggregating. Conversely, downscaling involves disaggregation and singling out. Different approaches are discussed for linking state variables, parameters, inputs and conceptualizations across scales. This section also deals with distributed parameter models, which are one way of linking conceptualizations across scales. The fourth section addresses the linkages across scales from a more holistic perspective dealing with dimensional analysis and similarity concepts. The main difference to the modelling point of view is that dimensional analysis and similarity concepts deal with complex processes in a much simpler fashion. Examples of dimensional analysis, similarity analysis and functional normalization in catchment hydrology are given. This section also briefly discusses fractals, which are a popular tool for quantifying variability across scales. The fifth section focuses on one particular aspect of this holistic view, discussing stream network analysis. The paper concludes with identifying key issues and gives some directions for future research.},
	author = {Bl{\"o}schl, G. and Sivapalan, M.},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360090305},
	issn = {1099-1085},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	keywords = {Aggregation, Dimensional analysis, Distributed modelling, Effective parameters, Fractals, Geomorphologic unit hydrograph, Scale, Scaling, Similarity, Stream network analysis},
	language = {en},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hyp.3360090305},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {251--290},
	shorttitle = {Scale issues in hydrological modelling},
	title = {Scale issues in hydrological modelling: {A} review},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hyp.3360090305},
	urldate = {2021-04-09},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hyp.3360090305},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360090305}}

@article{refsgaard_uncertainty_2007,
	abstract = {A terminology and typology of uncertainty is presented together with a framework for the modelling process, its interaction with the broader water management process and the role of uncertainty at different stages in the modelling processes. Brief reviews have been made of 14 different (partly complementary) methods commonly used in uncertainty assessment and characterisation: data uncertainty engine (DUE), error propagation equations, expert elicitation, extended peer review, inverse modelling (parameter estimation), inverse modelling (predictive uncertainty), Monte Carlo analysis, multiple model simulation, NUSAP, quality assurance, scenario analysis, sensitivity analysis, stakeholder involvement and uncertainty matrix. The applicability of these methods has been mapped according to purpose of application, stage of the modelling process and source and type of uncertainty addressed. It is concluded that uncertainty assessment is not just something to be added after the completion of the modelling work. Instead uncertainty should be seen as a red thread throughout the modelling study starting from the very beginning, where the identification and characterisation of all uncertainty sources should be performed jointly by the modeller, the water manager and the stakeholders. {\'O} 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	author = {Refsgaard, Jens Christian and van der Sluijs, Jeroen P. and H{\o}jberg, Anker Lajer and Vanrolleghem, Peter A.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.02.004},
	issn = {13648152},
	journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software},
	language = {en},
	month = nov,
	number = {11},
	pages = {1543--1556},
	title = {Uncertainty in the environmental modelling process -- {A} framework and guidance},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364815207000266},
	urldate = {2021-04-09},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364815207000266},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.02.004}}

@software{rsminerve_software,
	author = {CREALP},
	title = {RS MINERVE},
	url = {https://www.crealp.ch/fr/accueil/outils-services/logiciels/rs-minerve/telechargement-rsm.html},
	version = {2.9.1.0},
	year = 2021,
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.crealp.ch/fr/accueil/outils-services/logiciels/rs-minerve/telechargement-rsm.html}}

@webpage{cia_worldfactbook,
	author = {{Central Intelligence Agency}},
	date-added = {2020-06-18 10:38:25 +0200},
	date-modified = {2020-09-11 10:44:39 +0200},
	title = {The World Factbook 2020},
	url = {https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/index.html},
	urldate = {16/06/2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/index.html}}

@misc{gpw_v4,
	address = {Palisades, NY},
	author = {Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University},
	date-added = {2022-03-12 11:42:04 +0100},
	date-modified = {2022-03-12 11:42:40 +0100},
	month = {20220312},
	publisher = {NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)},
	title = {Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density Adjusted to Match 2015 Revision UN WPP Country Totals, Revision 11},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.7927/H4F47M65},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.7927/H4F47M65}}

@article{gerlitz_2018,
	abstract = {{In order to understand the atmospheric mechanisms resulting in a pronounced cold season climate variability in Central Asia, an objective weather type classification is conducted, utilizing a k-means based clustering-approach applied to 500hPa geopotential height (GPH) fields. Eight weather types (WT) are identified and analyzed with regard to characteristic pressure patterns and moisture fluxes over Eurasia and specific near surface climate conditions over Central Asia. In order to identify remote drivers of the Central Asian climate, WT frequencies are analyzed for their relationships with tropical and extratropical teleconnection modes. The results indicate an influence of northern hemispheric planetary wave tracks on westerly moisture fluxes with positive anomalies of precipitation associated with the formation of a Rossby trough over Central Asia. Particularly the propagation of the East-Atlantic/Western-Russia and the Scandinavian patterns are shown to modulate regional climate conditions. Variations of ENSO are shown to affect the frequency of particular WTs due to the formation of an anticyclonic anomaly over the Indian Ocean and an increase of tropical fluxes of moisture and heat into Central Asia during El Nino events. Further a WT-internal influence of ENSO is distinctly defined, with enhanced moisture supply during the ENSO warm phase. The analysis of climatic trends shows that 50\% of observed temperature changes can be assigned to variations of the WT composition, indicating that most likely changing regional circulation characteristics account for the enhanced warming rates in Central Asia. Trends of precipitation sums are likewise shown to be associated with changing WT frequencies, although the WT-precipitation relationships include large uncertainties.}},
	author = {Gerlitz, Lars and Steirou, Eva and Schneider, Christoph and Moron, Vincent and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Merz, Bruno},
	date-added = {2020-06-05 13:00:15 +0200},
	date-modified = {2020-06-05 13:00:33 +0200},
	doi = {10.1175/jcli-d-17-0715.1},
	issn = {0894-8755},
	journal = {Journal of Climate},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Documents/Papers%20Library/Journal%20of%20Climate-2018.pdf},
	number = {18},
	pages = {7185--7207},
	title = {{Variability of the Cold Season Climate in Central Asia. Part I: Weather Types and Their Tropical and Extratropical Drivers}},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0715.1}}

@article{mcvicar_2012,
	abstract = {Summary
In a globally warming climate, observed rates of atmospheric evaporative demand have declined over recent decades. Several recent studies have shown that declining rates of evaporative demand are primarily governed by trends in the aerodynamic component (primarily being the combination of the effects of wind speed (u) and atmospheric humidity) and secondarily by changes in the radiative component. A number of these studies also show that declining rates of observed near-surface u (termed `stilling') is the primary factor contributing to declining rates of evaporative demand. One objective of this paper was to review and synthesise the literature to assess whether stilling is a globally widespread phenomenon. We analysed 148 studies reporting terrestrial u trends from across the globe (with uneven and incomplete spatial distribution and differing periods of measurement) and found that the average trend was −0.014ms−1a−1 for studies with more than 30 sites observing data for more than 30years, which confirmed that stilling was widespread. Assuming a linear trend this constitutes a −0.7ms−1 change in u over 50years. A second objective was to confirm the declining rates of evaporative demand by reviewing papers reporting trends in measured pan evaporation (Epan) and estimated crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo); average trends were −3.19mma−2 (n=55) and −1.31mma−2 (n=26), respectively. A third objective was to assess the contribution to evaporative demand trends that the four primary meteorological variables (being u; atmospheric humidity; radiation; and air temperature) made. The results from 36 studies highlighted the importance of u trends. We also quantified the sensitivity of rates of evaporative demand to changes in u and how the relative contributions of the aerodynamic and radiative components change seasonally over the globe. Our review: (i) shows that terrestrial stilling is widespread across the globe; (ii) confirms declining rates of evaporative demand; and (iii) highlights the contribution u has made to these declining evaporative rates. Hence we advocate that assessing evaporative demand trends requires consideration of all four primary meteorological variables (being u, atmospheric humidity, radiation and air temperature). This is particularly relevant for long-term water resource assessment because changes in u exert greater influence on energy-limited water-yielding catchments than water-limited ones.},
	author = {Tim R. McVicar and Michael L. Roderick and Randall J. Donohue and Ling Tao Li and Thomas G. {Van Niel} and Axel Thomas and J{\"u}rgen Grieser and Deepak Jhajharia and Youcef Himri and Natalie M. Mahowald and Anna V. Mescherskaya and Andries C. Kruger and Shafiqur Rehman and Yagob Dinpashoh},
	date-modified = {2022-03-13 09:28:15 +0100},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.024},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	keywords = {Climate change, Stilling, Evaporation paradox, Pan evaporation, Reference evapotranspiration, Trends},
	pages = {182-205},
	title = {Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: Implications for evaporation},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169411007487},
	volume = {416-417},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169411007487},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.024}}

@book{peterson_2019,
	author = {Maya K. Peterson},
	date-added = {2021-04-18 15:29:34 +0200},
	date-modified = {2022-03-13 09:47:02 +0100},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Pipe Dreams: Water and Empire in Central Asia's Aral Sea Basin},
	year = {2019}}

@book{siegfried_2022,
	author = {{Siegfried}, {T.} and {Marti}, {B.}},
	date = {2022-03-13},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4666499},
	publisher = {GitHub Pages},
	title = {Modeling of Hydrological Systems in Semi-Arid Central Asia},
	url = {https://hydrosolutions.github.io/caham_book/},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://hydrosolutions.github.io/caham_book/},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4666499}}

@article{ponce_2000,
	abstract = {{A conceptual model of drought characterization across the climatic spectrum is formulated. The model is particularly suited to subtropical and midlatitudinal regions. Drought duration, intensity, and recurrence interval are expressed in terms of the ratio of mean annual precipitation to annual global terrestrial precipitation. The model is useful as a framework for the systematic analysis of droughts and the assessment of changes in drought characteristics due to climatic changes.}},
	author = {Ponce, Victor M. and Pandey, Rajendra P. and Ercan, Sezar},
	doi = {10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2000)5:2(222)},
	issn = {1084-0699},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrologic Engineering},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Downloads/droughtasce.pdf},
	number = {2},
	pages = {222--224},
	title = {{Characterization of Drought across Climatic Spectrum}},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2000)5:2(222)}}

@article{donohue_2012,
	abstract = {{Due to its role in intercepting and evaporating water, vegetation is a key medium through which catchment water yields can be manipulated and may prove to be an important tool available to managers for mitigating the effects of climatic changes on yields. Understanding of the effects of vegetation on long-term catchment flows is growing, yet incorporation of these effects into hydrological models has typically been empirical and qualitative, or deterministic and quantitative -- but at the cost of simplicity. Here we present a new ecohydrological model (the Budyko--Choudhury--Porporato, or BCP, model) that is the combination of two pre-existing models. It is simple, quantitative and process-based. As well as accounting for the well established roles played by average precipitation (P) and potential evaporation (Ep) on long-term catchment flows (R), the BCP model also provides estimates of n -- a catchment-specific model parameter that alters the partitioning of P between R and evaporation -- which is estimated as a function of plant-available soil water holding capacity (κ), mean storm depth (α) and effective rooting depth (Ze).After developing this model and testing results at several spatial scales across Australia, we used the model to analyse the sensitivity of R to changes in Ze and α (as well as P and Ep) in the high yield zones of the Murray-Darling Basin. The model performed well overall at both the coarse spatial scale (i.e., the Basin) and at the finer scales of sub-basin regions and of catchments, capturing ∼90\% of the observed variability in R. At the regional scale, BCP-modelled R was more or less the same as when a default (constant) value of n was used to model R (that is, n=1.8). This is due to the general aridity of these regions (under such conditions R is insensitive to small variations in n). However, at the catchment scale, use of the BCP model in `wet' catchments (i.e., R>500mmy−1) increased the accuracy of predictions by approximately 10\% compared to the default (n=1.8) model.Runoff was shown to be highly sensitive to changes in P in the highest yield zones of the Basin, followed by changes in Ze and then in α. In contrast, across the whole basin -- which is highly arid -- the sensitivity of R to changes in Ze and α, whilst small in absolute terms, are substantial relative to total basin flows. The incorporation of α, κ and -- most importantly from a management perspective -- Ze into the Budyko model provides a simple and transparent tool for aiding the understanding of the long-term ecohydrological behaviour of catchments and assessing the potential hydrological effects of different land management options under a variable climate.}},
	author = {Donohue, Randall J. and Roderick, Michael L. and McVicar, Tim R.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.033},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	pages = {35--50},
	title = {{Roots, storms and soil pores: Incorporating key ecohydrological processes into Budyko's hydrological model}},
	volume = {436},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.033}}

@article{porporato_2021,
	abstract = {{By rigorously accounting for dimensional homogeneity in physical laws, the Π theorem and the related self-similarity hypotheses allow us to achieve a dimensionless reformulation of scientific hypotheses in a lower-dimensional context. This paper presents applications of these concepts to the partitioning of water and soil on terrestrial landscapes. For such processes, their complexity and lack of first principle formulation make dimensional analysis an excellent tool to formulate theories that are amenable to empirical testing and analytical developments. The resulting scaling laws help reveal the dominant environmental controls for these partitionings. In particular, we discuss how the dryness index and the storage index affect the long-term rainfall partitioning, the key nonlinear control of the dryness index in global datasets of weathering rates, and the existence of new macroscopic relations among average variables in landscape evolution statistics. The scaling laws for the partitioning of sediments, the elevation profile, and the spectral scaling of self-similar topographies also unveil tantalizing analogies with turbulent flows.}},
	author = {Porporato, Amilcare},
	doi = {10.5194/hess-26-355-2022},
	journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
	number = {2},
	pages = {355--374},
	title = {{Hydrology without dimensions}},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-355-2022}}

@article{milly_2002,
	abstract = {{Controls on interannual variations in water and energy balances of large river basins (10,000 km2 and greater) are evaluated in the framework of the semiempirical relation / = [1 + (/)−ν]−1/ν in which and E, P, and R are basin mean values of annual evaporation, precipitation, and surface net radiation, respectively, expressed as equivalent evaporative water flux, overbars denote long-term means, and ν is a parameter. Precipitation is interpolated from gauges; evaporation is taken as the difference between precipitation and runoff, with the latter determined from basin discharge measurements and a simple storage-delay model; and radiation is based on a recent analysis in which 8 years of satellite observations were assimilated into radiative transfer models. Objective estimates of precipitation errors are considered; results suggest that past estimates of ν may have been biased by systematic errors in estimates of precipitation. Under the assumption that the semiempirical relation applies also to annual values, long-term mean observations are sufficient to predict the sensitivity of annual runoff to fluctuations in precipitation or net radiation. Additionally, an apparent sensitivity of runoff to precipitation can be inferred from the observations by linear regression. This apparent sensitivity is generally in good agreement with the predicted sensitivity. In particular, the apparent sensitivity increases with decreasing basin /; however, slightly excessive apparent sensitivity (relative to the prediction) is found in humid basins of the middle latitudes. This finding suggests a negative correlation between precipitation and net radiation: the increase in runoff caused by a positive precipitation anomaly is amplified by an accompanying decrease in surface net radiation, possibly induced by increased cloud cover. The inferred sensitivity of radiation (water flux equivalent) to precipitation is on the order of −0.1. Such a value is supported by independent direct analysis of annual precipitation and radiation data. The fraction of interannual variance in runoff explained by the annual precipitation anomaly (including any correlative influence of net radiation) varies systematically with climatic aridity, approaching unity in humid basins and falling to 40--80\% in very arid basins. We conclude that the influence of seasonality of the precipitation anomaly on annual runoff is negligible under humid conditions, though it may be significant under arid conditions.}},
	author = {Milly, P. C. D. and Dunne, K. A.},
	doi = {10.1029/2001wr000760},
	issn = {1944-7973},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	number = {10},
	pages = {24--1-24-9},
	title = {{Macroscale water fluxes 2. Water and energy supply control of their interannual variability}},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000760}}

@article{porporato_2004,
	abstract = {{Some essential features of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle and ecosystem response are singled out by confronting empirical observations of the soil water balance of different ecosystems with the results of a stochastic model of soil moisture dynamics. The simplified framework analytically describes how hydroclimatic variability (especially the frequency and amount of rainfall events) concurs with soil and plant characteristics in producing the soil moisture dynamics that in turn impact vegetation conditions. The results of the model extend and help interpret the classical curve of Budyko, which relates evapotranspiration losses to a dryness index, describing the partitioning of precipitation into evapotranspiration, runoff, and deep infiltration. They also provide a general classification of soil water balance of the world ecosystems based on two governing dimensionless groups summarizing the climate, soil, and vegetation conditions. The subsequent analysis of the links among soil moisture dynamics, plant water stress, and carbon assimilation offers an interpretation of recent manipulative field experiments on ecosystem response to shifts in the rainfall regime, showing that plant carbon assimilation crucially depends not only on the total rainfall during the growing season but also on the intermittency and magnitude of the rainfall events.}},
	author = {Porporato, Amilcare and Daly, Edoardo and Rodriguez‐Iturbe, Ignacio},
	doi = {10.1086/424970},
	issn = {0003-0147},
	journal = {The American Naturalist},
	number = {5},
	pages = {625--632},
	pmid = {15540152},
	title = {{Soil Water Balance and Ecosystem Response to Climate Change}},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/424970}}

@article{rodriguez_iturbe_1999,
	abstract = {{The soil moisture dynamics under seasonally fixed conditions are studied at a point. The water balance is described through the representation of rainfall as a marked Poisson process which in turn produces an infiltration into the soil dependent on the existing level of soil moisture. The losses from the soil are due to evapotranspiration and leakage which are also considered dependent on the existing soil moisture. The steadystate probability distributions for soil moisture are then analytically obtained. The analysis of the distribution allows for the assessment of the role of climate, soil and vegetation on soil moisture dynamics. Further hydrologic insight is obtained by studying the various components of an average water balance. The realistic representation of the processes acting at a site and the analytical tractability of the model make it well suited for further analyses which consider the spatial aspect of soil moisture dynamics.}},
	author = {Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. and Porporato, A. and Ridolfi, L. and Isham, V. and Coxi, D. R.},
	doi = {10.1098/rspa.1999.0477},
	issn = {1364-5021},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	number = {1990},
	pages = {3789--3805},
	title = {{Probabilistic modelling of water balance at a point: the role of climate, soil and vegetation}},
	volume = {455},
	year = {1999},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1999.0477}}

@article{milly_1994,
	abstract = {{This paper describes the development and testing of the hypothesis that the long‐term water balance is determined only by the local interaction of fluctuating water supply (precipitation) and demand (potential evapotranspiration), mediated by water storage in the soil. Adoption of this hypothesis, together with idealized representations of relevant input variabilities in time and space, yields a simple model of the water balance of a finite area having a uniform climate. The partitioning of average annual precipitation into evapotranspiration and runoff depends on seven dimensionless numbers: the ratio of average annual potential evapotranspiration to average annual precipitation (index of dryness); the ratio of the spatial average plant‐available water‐holding capacity of the soil to the annual average precipitation amount; the mean number of precipitation events per year; the shape parameter of the gamma distribution describing spatial variability of storage capacity; and simple measures of the seasonality of mean precipitation intensity, storm arrival rate, and potential evapotranspiration. The hypothesis is tested in an application of the model to the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, with no calibration. Study area averages of runoff and evapotranspiration, based on observations, are 263 mm and 728 mm, respectively; the model yields corresponding estimates of 250 mm and 741 mm, respectively, and explains 88\% of the geographical variance of observed runoff within the study region. The differences between modeled and observed runoff can be explained by uncertainties in the model inputs and in the observed runoff. In the humid (index of dryness <1) parts of the study area, the dominant factor producing runoff is the excess of annual precipitation over annual potential evapotranspiration, but runoff caused by variability of supply and demand over time is also significant; in the arid (index of dryness >1) parts, all of the runoff is caused by variability of forcing over time. Contributions to model runoff attributable to small‐scale spatial variability of storage capacity are insignificant throughout the study area. The consistency of the model with observational data is supportive of the supply‐demand‐storage hypothesis, which neglects infiltration excess runoff and other finite‐permeability effects on the soil water balance.}},
	author = {Milly, P. C. D.},
	doi = {10.1029/94wr00586},
	issn = {0043-1397},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	number = {7},
	pages = {2143--2156},
	title = {{Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance}},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1994},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1029/94wr00586}}

@article{feng_2015,
	abstract = {{The analysis of soil water partitioning in seasonally dry climates necessarily requires careful consideration of the periodic climatic forcing at the intra-annual timescale in addition to daily scale variabilities. Here, we introduce three new extensions to a stochastic soil moisture model which yields seasonal evolution of soil moisture and relevant hydrological fluxes. These approximations allow seasonal climatic forcings (e.g. rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) to be fully resolved, extending the analysis of soil water partitioning to account explicitly for the seasonal amplitude and the phase difference between the climatic forcings. The results provide accurate descriptions of probabilistic soil moisture dynamics under seasonal climates without requiring extensive numerical simulations. We also find that the transfer of soil moisture between the wet to the dry season is responsible for hysteresis in the hydrological response, showing asymmetrical trajectories in the mean soil moisture and in the transient Budyko's curves during the `dry-down` versus the `rewetting` phases of the year. Furthermore, in some dry climates where rainfall and potential evapotranspiration are in-phase, annual evapotranspiration can be shown to increase because of inter-seasonal soil moisture transfer, highlighting the importance of soil water storage in the seasonal context.}},
	author = {Feng, Xue and Porporato, Amilcare and Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio},
	doi = {10.1098/rspa.2014.0623},
	issn = {1364-5021},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	number = {2174},
	pages = {20140623},
	pmid = {25663808},
	title = {{Stochastic soil water balance under seasonal climates}},
	volume = {471},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0623}}

@article{reaver_2022,
	abstract = {{The Budyko framework posits that a catchment's long-term mean evapotranspiration (ET) is primarily governed by the availabilities of water and energy, represented by long-term mean precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET), respectively. This assertion is supported by the distinctive clustering pattern that catchments take in Budyko space. Several semi-empirical, nonparametric curves have been shown to generally represent this clustering pattern but cannot explain deviations from the central tendency. Parametric Budyko equations attempt to generalize the nonparametric framework, through the introduction of a catchment-specific parameter (n or w). Prevailing interpretations of Budyko curves suggest that the explicit functional forms represent trajectories through Budyko space for individual catchments undergoing changes in the aridity index, PETP, while the n and w values represent catchment biophysical features; however, neither of these interpretations arise from the derivation of the Budyko equations. In this study, we reexamine, reinterpret, and test these two key assumptions of the current Budyko framework both theoretically and empirically. In our theoretical test, we use a biophysical model for ET to demonstrate that n and w values can change without invoking changes in landscape biophysical features and that catchments are not required to follow Budyko curve trajectories. Our empirical test uses data from 728 reference catchments in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US) to illustrate that catchments rarely follow Budyko curve trajectories and that n and w are not transferable between catchments or across time for individual catchments. This nontransferability implies that n and w are proxy variables for ETP, rendering the parametric Budyko equations underdetermined and lacking predictive ability. Finally, we show that the parametric Budyko equations are nonunique, suggesting their physical interpretations are unfounded. Overall, we conclude that, while the shape of Budyko curves generally captures the global behavior of multiple catchments, their specific functional forms are arbitrary and not reflective of the dynamic behavior of individual catchments.}},
	author = {Reaver, Nathan G. F. and Kaplan, David A. and Klammler, Harald and Jawitz, James W.},
	doi = {10.5194/hess-26-1507-2022},
	journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Downloads/hess-26-1507-2022-supplement.pdf},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1507--1525},
	title = {{Theoretical and empirical evidence against the Budyko catchment trajectory conjecture}},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1507-2022}}

@article{daly_2019a,
	abstract = {{Land and water management often relies upon relationships describing the catchment‐scale water balance using only a few parameters. The classic Budyko and Turc frameworks are examples of these relationships applicable to large catchments, where the effect of climatic variables on the water balance overshadows that of catchment characteristics, including the catchment ability to store water to supply evapotranspiration. To account for the latter in the list of variables driving evapotranspiration, here we introduce a new framework that includes Budyko and Turc as particular cases. The four variables in this framework are combined to form dimensionless groups, the choice of which leads to the definition of hydrological spaces highlighting different features of the long‐term hydrological partitioning. In addition to the Budyko and Turc spaces, suitable for water‐ and energy‐limited catchments, respectively, a new space ensues; this is especially apt to describe catchments where evapotranspiration is mainly controlled by catchment characteristics. An existing stochastic model for the soil water balance is used to specify the relationship between the variables in these different hydrological spaces. This framework, successfully tested here against about 400 catchments in the continental United States, provides a concise yet realistic description of long‐term catchment‐scale water balance and overcomes some limitations of current models for the estimation of long‐term evapotranspiration and runoff in ungauged catchments. A framework for the long‐term catchment‐scale water balance accounting for climatic conditions and land cover is presented The framework leads to a hydrological space synthesizing how climate and land cover combined can explain evapotranspiration The framework describes the water balance using physically based quantities that can be estimated from measurable variables}},
	author = {Daly, Edoardo and Calabrese, Salvatore and Yin, Jun and Porporato, Amilcare},
	doi = {10.1029/2019wr025952},
	issn = {0043-1397},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	number = {12},
	pages = {10747--10764},
	title = {{Hydrological Spaces of Long‐Term Catchment Water Balance}},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr025952}}

@book{porporato_2022,
	author = {Porporato, Amilcare and Yin, Jun},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Ecohydrology: Dynamics of Life and Water in the Critical Zone},
	year = {2022}}

@article{daly_2019b,
	abstract = {{The Budyko and Turc frameworks have become very popular tools for the estimation of catchment-scale water balance. In their original definition, these frameworks and the resulting equations, which are considered equivalent, apply in the long-term to very large catchments, whose water balance is predominately driven by climatic factors. Several equations similar to Budyko's and Turc's have subsequently been proposed to account also for the effect of catchment characteristics, including parametric formulations as well as equations resulting from a simplified physical representation of the water balance. After highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, we show that models based on the water balance, which account for rainfall variability and feedback between water availability and evapotranspiration, are more versatile to describe catchment-scale rainfall partitioning. They include parameters that have clearer physical meaning and, therefore, can be estimated independently of streamflow and evapotranspiration, thereby making them more amenable to practical use in un-gaged catchments. They show that Budyko's and Turc's point of view are equivalent only for large catchments. Additionally, water balance models have limiting conditions for extremely dry and wet climates that differ from those of the Budyko equations and its parametric formulations, as expected in catchments with a finite water storage capacity; in these models, Budyko's and Turc's points of view become equivalent only for large catchments.}},
	author = {Daly, Edoardo and Calabrese, Salvatore and Yin, Jun and Porporato, Amilcare},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.103435},
	issn = {0309-1708},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Downloads/1-s2.0-S0309170819305688-main.pdf},
	pages = {103435},
	title = {{Linking parametric and water-balance models of the Budyko and Turc spaces}},
	volume = {134},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.103435}}

@article{greve_2019,
	abstract = {{Aridity is a complex concept that ideally requires a comprehensive assessment of hydroclimatological and hydroecological variables to fully understand anticipated changes. A widely used (offline) impact model to assess projected changes in aridity is the aridity index (AI) (defined as the ratio of potential evaporation to precipitation), summarizing the aridity concept into a single number. Based on the AI, it was shown that aridity will generally increase under conditions of increased CO2 and associated global warming. However, assessing the same climate model output directly suggests a more nuanced response of aridity to global warming, raising the question if the AI provides a good representation of the complex nature of anticipated aridity changes. By systematically comparing projections of the AI against projections for various hydroclimatological and ecohydrological variables, we show that the AI generally provides a rather poor proxy for projected aridity conditions. Direct climate model output is shown to contradict signals of increasing aridity obtained from the AI in at least half of the global land area with robust change. We further show that part of this discrepancy can be related to the parameterization of potential evaporation. Especially the most commonly used potential evaporation model likely leads to an overestimation of future aridity due to incorrect assumptions under increasing atmospheric CO2. Our results show that AI-based approaches do not correctly communicate changes projected by the fully coupled climate models. The solution is to directly analyse the model outputs rather than use a separate offline impact model. We thus urge for a direct and joint assessment of climate model output when assessing future aridity changes rather than using simple index-based impact models that use climate model output as input and are potentially subject to significant biases.}},
	author = {Greve, P and Roderick, M L and Ukkola, A M and Wada, Y},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab5046},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Documents/Papers%20Library/Greve-The%20aridity%20Index%20under%20global%20warming-2019-Environmental%20Research%20Letters.pdf},
	number = {12},
	pages = {124006},
	title = {{The aridity Index under global warming}},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-file-1 = {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},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5046}}

@article{roderick_2011, 
year = {2011}, 
title = {{A simple framework for relating variations in runoff to variations in climatic conditions and catchment properties}}, 
author = {Roderick, Michael L. and Farquhar, Graham D.}, 
journal = {Water Resources Research}, 
issn = {1944-7973}, 
doi = {10.1029/2010wr009826}, 
abstract = {{We use the Budyko framework to calculate catchment-scale evapotranspiration (E) and runoff (Q) as a function of two climatic factors, precipitation (P) and evaporative demand (Eo = 0.75 times the pan evaporation rate), and a third parameter that encodes the catchment properties (n) and modifies how P is partitioned between E and Q. This simple theory accurately predicted the long-term evapotranspiration (E) and runoff (Q) for the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in southeast Australia. We extend the theory by developing a simple and novel analytical expression for the effects on E and Q of small perturbations in P, Eo, and n. The theory predicts that a 10\% change in P, with all else constant, would result in a 26\% change in Q in the MDB. Future climate scenarios (2070–2099) derived using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4 climate model output highlight the diversity of projections for P (±30\%) with a correspondingly large range in projections for Q (±80\%) in the MDB. We conclude with a qualitative description about the impact of changes in catchment properties on water availability and focus on the interaction between vegetation change, increasing atmospheric [CO2], and fire frequency. We conclude that the modern version of the Budyko framework is a useful tool for making simple and transparent estimates of changes in water availability.}}, 
number = {12}, 
volume = {47}, 
keywords = {}, 
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/tobiassiegfried/Documents/Papers%20Library/Roderick-A%20simple%20framework%20for%20relating%20variations%20in%20runoff%20to%20variations%20in%20climatic%20conditions%20and%20catchment%20properties-2011-Water%20Resources%20Research.pdf}
}


@article{marti2023,
	title = {CA-discharge: Geo-Located Discharge Time Series for Mountainous Rivers in Central Asia},
	author = {Marti, Beatrice and Yakovlev, Andrey and Karger, Dirk Nikolaus and Ragettli, Silvan and Zhumabaev, Aidar and Wakil, Abdul Wakil and Siegfried, Tobias},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09},
	date = {2023-09-04},
	journal = {Scientific Data},
	pages = {579},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1038/s41597-023-02474-8},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02474-8}
}

@article{mcvicar2012,
	title = {Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: Implications for evaporation},
	author = {McVicar, Tim R. and Roderick, Michael L. and Donohue, Randall J. and Li, Ling Tao and Niel, Thomas G. Van and Thomas, Axel and Grieser, {Jürgen} and Jhajharia, Deepak and Himri, Youcef and Mahowald, Natalie M. and Mescherskaya, Anna V. and Kruger, Andries C. and Rehman, Shafiqur and Dinpashoh, Yagob},
	year = {2012},
	date = {2012},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	pages = {182--205},
	volume = {416-417},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.024},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169411007487}
}

@article{rounce2023,
	title = {Global glacier change in the 21st century: Every increase in temperature matters},
	author = {Rounce, David R. and Hock, Regine and Maussion, Fabien and Hugonnet, Romain and Kochtitzky, William and Huss, Matthias and Berthier, Etienne and Brinkerhoff, Douglas and Compagno, Loris and Copland, Luke and Farinotti, Daniel and Menounos, Brian and McNabb, Robert W.},
	year = {2023},
	date = {2023},
	journal = {Science},
	pages = {78{\textendash}83},
	volume = {379},
	number = {6627},
	doi = {10.1126/science.abo1324},
	note = {PMID: 36603094}
}