From ba88d107a075bdceaa75922ccce32db32fccb8c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andreas Scherer Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 18:58:59 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Major overhaul to fix fundamental problems. (1) Fix the broken table of contents with updated labels and use of \hyperref instead of \hyperlink. (2) Purge no less that 2,390 warnings about undefined 'Hfootnote' references. These came from the fact that 'hyperref' was not loaded as the last package in 'include.tex'. (3) After moving 'hyperref' to the end of 'include.tex', the TeX-compilation broke completely, because of '\verb+atim+' stuff in '\footnote{s}'. Fixing this required making the use of verbatim material in footnotes 'robust' by using '\SaveVerb/\UseVerb' from 'fancyvrb'. This added file 'saveverb.tex' with verbatim labels. --- src/appendix/appendix-b.tex | 2 +- src/common/includes.tex | 20 ++-- src/complete/appendices.tex | 5 +- src/complete/chapter-1.tex | 5 +- src/complete/chapter-2.tex | 5 +- src/complete/main.tex | 1 + src/complete/saveverb.tex | 84 ++++++++++++++ src/complete/table-of-contents.tex | 2 + src/complete/title.tex | 8 +- src/volume-1/active-measures.tex | 91 +++++++-------- src/volume-1/decisions.tex | 2 +- src/volume-1/executive-summary.tex | 6 +- src/volume-1/hacking-dumping.tex | 121 ++++++++++---------- src/volume-1/introduction.tex | 6 +- src/volume-1/russian-links-to-trump.tex | 40 +++---- src/volume-2/factual-results.tex | 140 ++++++++++++------------ 16 files changed, 316 insertions(+), 222 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/complete/saveverb.tex diff --git a/src/appendix/appendix-b.tex b/src/appendix/appendix-b.tex index d4dc533..5f05ddb 100644 --- a/src/appendix/appendix-b.tex +++ b/src/appendix/appendix-b.tex @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ \subsection{Referenced Persons} \textbf{Fabrizio, Anthony (Tony)} & Partner at the research and consulting firm Fabrizio, Lee \& Associates. He was a pollster for the Trump Campaign and worked with Paul Manafort on Ukraine-related polling after the election. \\ - \textbf{Fishbein, Jason} & Attorney who performed worked for Julian Assange and also sent WikiLeaks a password for an unlaunched website \verb+PutinTrump.org+ on September~20, 2016. \\ + \textbf{Fishbein, Jason} & Attorney who performed worked for Julian Assange and also sent WikiLeaks a password for an unlaunched website \UseVerb{PutinTrumporg} on September~20, 2016. \\ \textbf{Flynn, Michael G. (a/k/a Michael Flynn Jr.)} & Son of Michael T. Flynn, National Security Advisor (Jan.~20, 2017--Feb.~13, 2017). \\ diff --git a/src/common/includes.tex b/src/common/includes.tex index 857ff5b..70faef1 100644 --- a/src/common/includes.tex +++ b/src/common/includes.tex @@ -45,14 +45,6 @@ % table of contents is clickable \usepackage[hyphens]{url} -\usepackage{hyperref} -\hypersetup{ - colorlinks, - citecolor=black, - filecolor=black, - linkcolor=black, - urlcolor=black -} % table of contents items are dotted \usepackage{tocloft} @@ -103,11 +95,21 @@ % verbatim stuff in footnotes \usepackage{fancyvrb} -\VerbatimFootnotes +\DefineShortVerb{\|} % try alternative font \usepackage{kpfonts} \usepackage{microtype} +% always load hyperref last +\usepackage{hyperref} +\hypersetup{ + colorlinks, + citecolor=black, + filecolor=black, + linkcolor=black, + urlcolor=black +} + % a little help for unusual names \hyphenation{Anti-trust Counter-intelligence Counter-terrorism Mana-fort Wiki-Leaks} diff --git a/src/complete/appendices.tex b/src/complete/appendices.tex index 45f7ee1..ed3b400 100644 --- a/src/complete/appendices.tex +++ b/src/complete/appendices.tex @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ \chapter*{Appendices} -\label{chapter.3} -\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\nameref{chapter.3}} +\label{chap:appendices} +\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\nameref{chap:appendices}} +\setcounter{chapter}{3} \setcounter{section}{0} \etocsetnexttocdepth{subparagraph} % local TOC goes down to subparagraphs \vspace{-1cm} % adjust for empty header diff --git a/src/complete/chapter-1.tex b/src/complete/chapter-1.tex index 41cb8a8..0c24bce 100644 --- a/src/complete/chapter-1.tex +++ b/src/complete/chapter-1.tex @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ \chapter*{Volume I} -\label{chapter.1} -\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\nameref{chapter.1}} +\label{chap:volume-1} +\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\nameref{chap:volume-1}} +\setcounter{chapter}{1} \setcounter{section}{0} \etocsetnexttocdepth{subparagraph} % local TOC goes down to subparagraphs \vspace{-1cm} % adjust for empty header diff --git a/src/complete/chapter-2.tex b/src/complete/chapter-2.tex index 6843e0c..e8c25b5 100644 --- a/src/complete/chapter-2.tex +++ b/src/complete/chapter-2.tex @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ \chapter*{Volume II} -\label{chapter.2} -\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\nameref{chapter.2}} +\label{chap:volume-2} +\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\nameref{chap:volume-2}} +\setcounter{chapter}{2} \setcounter{section}{0} \etocsetnexttocdepth{subparagraph} % local TOC goes down to subparagraphs \vspace{-1cm} % adjust for empty header diff --git a/src/complete/main.tex b/src/complete/main.tex index cd34ffa..28a9bd2 100644 --- a/src/complete/main.tex +++ b/src/complete/main.tex @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ \documentclass[12pt]{book} \include{includes} +\include{saveverb} \title{Open Source Edition of the Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election Volume: Complete Report} \author{Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller,~III} diff --git a/src/complete/saveverb.tex b/src/complete/saveverb.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..faa0914 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/complete/saveverb.tex @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +% active measures +\SaveVerb{TENGOP}|@TEN_GOP| +\SaveVerb{DJT}|@realDonaldTrump| +\SaveVerb{MAGA}|#makeAmericagreatagain| +\SaveVerb{TNGOP}|#tngop| +\SaveVerb{TENNESSEE}|#tennessee| +\SaveVerb{GOP}|#g0p| +\SaveVerb{HCFP}|#HillaryClintonForPrison2016| +\SaveVerb{NOHILL}|#nohillary2016| +\SaveVerb{MNUS}|@MissouriNewsUS| +\SaveVerb{MFT}|@march_for_trump| +\SaveVerb{JENNABRAMS}|@Jenn_Abrams| +\SaveVerb{jennabrams}|@jenn_abrams| +\SaveVerb{PAMELA}|@Pamela_Moore13| +\SaveVerb{NYV}|#NewYorkValues| +\SaveVerb{MCFAUL}|@McFaul| +\SaveVerb{ROGER}|@RogerJStoneJr| +\SaveVerb{HANNITY}|@seanhannity| +\SaveVerb{MFJ}|@mflynnJR| +\SaveVerb{JOSHMILTON}|joshmilton024@gmail.com| +\SaveVerb{BEINGPATRIOTIC}|beingpatriotic@gmail.com| +\SaveVerb{ROBOTCL}|robot@craigslist.org| +\SaveVerb{DJTJ}|@DonaldJTrumpJr| +\SaveVerb{VOTERFRAUD}|#VoterFraud| +\SaveVerb{DRAINTS}|#DrainTheSwamp| +\SaveVerb{MAGAhat}|#MAGAhat| +\SaveVerb{voted}|#voted| +\SaveVerb{ElectionDay}|#ElectionDay| +\SaveVerb{ERICTRUMP}|@EricTrump| +\SaveVerb{debatenight}|#debatenight| +\SaveVerb{TrumpB}|#TrumpB| +\SaveVerb{KellyannePolls}|@KellyannePolls| +\SaveVerb{hillarysemail}|#hillarysemail| +\SaveVerb{hillaryemail}|#hillary[s]email| +\SaveVerb{WeinerGate}|#WeinerGate| +\SaveVerb{parscale}|@parscale| +\SaveVerb{FridayFeeling}|#FridayFeeling| +\SaveVerb{GenFlynn}|@GenFlynn| +\SaveVerb{mikepence}|@mike_pence| +\SaveVerb{10gop}|@10_gop| +\SaveVerb{dtcom}|@donaldtrump.com| +\SaveVerb{K4T}|#KIDS4TRUMP| +\SaveVerb{America1st}|@America_1st_| + +% hacking and dumping +\SaveVerb{CEX}|CEX.io| +\SaveVerb{DCLeaks}|DCLeaks.com| +\SaveVerb{dcleaks}|dcleaks.com| +\SaveVerb{atdcleaks}|@dcleaks_| +\SaveVerb{electionleaks}|electionleaks.com| +\SaveVerb{tco}|https://t.co/QTVKUjQcOx| +\SaveVerb{pass}|KvFsg%*14@gPgu&| +\SaveVerb{smiley}|;)| +\SaveVerb{democratsorg}|democrats.org| +\SaveVerb{hillaryclintoncom}|hillaryclinton.com| +\SaveVerb{dncorg}|dnc.org| +\SaveVerb{dcccorg}|dccc.org| +\SaveVerb{rarexe}|rar.exe| +\SaveVerb{dcleaksproject}|dcleaksproject@gmail.com| +\SaveVerb{guccifer20}|guccifer20@aol.fr| +\SaveVerb{atWikiLeaks}|@WikiLeaks| +\SaveVerb{guccifer2}|@guccifer_2| +\SaveVerb{Guccifer2}|@Guccifer_2| +\SaveVerb{guccifer20mailcom}|guccifer20@mail.com| +\SaveVerb{wkdnclink1}|wk dnc link1.txt.gpg| +\SaveVerb{wikimail}|wiki_mail.txt.gpg| +\SaveVerb{PutinTrumporg}|PutinTrump.org| +\SaveVerb{putintrumporg}|putintrump.org| +\SaveVerb{atJasonFishbein}|@JasonFishbein| +\SaveVerb{atjabber}|@jabber.cryptoparty.is| +\SaveVerb{wlsearchtk}|wlsearch.tk| + +% russian links +\SaveVerb{politicocom}|politico.com| +\SaveVerb{russianembassyorg}|embassy@russianembassy.org| +\SaveVerb{katrinyana}|katrin@yana.kiev.ua| +\SaveVerb{Trump2016ru}|Trump2016.ru| +\SaveVerb{DonaldTrump2016ru}|DonaldTrump2016.ru| +\SaveVerb{PrpeskovaATprpressgofru}|Pr_peskova@prpress.gof.ru| +\SaveVerb{PrpeskovaATprpressgovru}|Pr_peskova@prpress.gov.ru| +\SaveVerb{prpeskovaATprpressgofru}|pr_peskova@prpress.gof.ru| +\SaveVerb{prpeskovaATprpressgovru}|pr_peskova@prpress.gov.ru| +\SaveVerb{infoATprpressgovru}|info@prpress.gov.ru| +\SaveVerb{atFoxNews}|@FoxNews| diff --git a/src/complete/table-of-contents.tex b/src/complete/table-of-contents.tex index 664d6f1..27437a8 100644 --- a/src/complete/table-of-contents.tex +++ b/src/complete/table-of-contents.tex @@ -16,3 +16,5 @@ % redefine the headings of the TOCs to use \section* rather than \chapter* \etocarticlestyle + +\hypersetup{pageanchor=true} diff --git a/src/complete/title.tex b/src/complete/title.tex index a443483..e5e1443 100644 --- a/src/complete/title.tex +++ b/src/complete/title.tex @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +\hypersetup{pageanchor=false} + \thispagestyle{empty} \begin{center} @@ -12,9 +14,9 @@ \large Complete Report:\\ -\hyperlink{chapter.1}{Volume I}\\ -\hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume II}\\ -\hyperlink{chapter.3}{Appendices} +\hyperref[chap:volume-1]{Volume I}\\ +\hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume II}\\ +\hyperref[chap:appendices]{Appendices} \vspace{10 mm} diff --git a/src/volume-1/active-measures.tex b/src/volume-1/active-measures.tex index 5761085..4ce80ba 100644 --- a/src/volume-1/active-measures.tex +++ b/src/volume-1/active-measures.tex @@ -194,9 +194,9 @@ \subsubsection{U.S. Operations Through IRA-Controlled Social Media Accounts} Facebook ID 100013640043337 (Lakisha Richardson).} By early 2015, the IRA began to create larger social media groups or public social media pages that claimed (falsely) to be affiliated with U.S. political and grassroots organizations. In certain cases, the IRA created accounts that mimicked real U.S. organizations. -For example, one IRA-controlled Twitter account, \verb+@TEN_GOP+, purported to be connected to the Tennessee Republican Party.% 46 +For example, one IRA-controlled Twitter account, \UseVerb{TENGOP}, purported to be connected to the Tennessee Republican Party.% 46 \footnote{The account claimed to be the ``Unofficial Twitter of Tennessee Republicans'' and made posts that appeared to be endorsements of the state political party. -\textit{See, e.g.}, \verb+@TEN_GOP+, 4/3/16 Tweet (``Tennessee GOP backs \verb+@realDonaldTrump+ period \verb+#makeAmericagreatagain+ \verb+#tngop+ \verb+#tennessee+ \verb+#g0p+'').} +\textit{See, e.g.}, \UseVerb{TENGOP}, 4/3/16 Tweet (``Tennessee GOP backs \UseVerb{DJT} period \UseVerb{MAGA} \UseVerb{TNGOP} \UseVerb{TENNESSEE} \UseVerb{GOP}'').} More commonly, the IRA created accounts in the names of fictitious U.S. organizations and grassroots groups and used these accounts to pose as anti-immigration groups, Tea Party activists, Black Lives Matter protesters, and other U.S. social and political activists. The IRA closely monitored the activity of its social media accounts. @@ -259,14 +259,14 @@ \subsubsection{U.S. Operations Through Facebook} As early as March 2016, the IRA purchased advertisements that overtly opposed the Clinton Campaign. For example, on March~18, 2016, the IRA purchased an advertisement depicting candidate Clinton and a caption that read in part, ``If one day God lets this liar enter the White House as a president -- that day would be a real national tragedy.''% 57 \footnote{3/18/16 Facebook Advertisement ID 6045505152575.} -Similarly, on April~6, 2016, the IRA purchased advertisements for its account ``Black Matters'' calling for a ``flashmob'' of U.S. persons to ``take a photo with \verb+#HillaryClintonForPrison2016+ or \verb+#nohillary2016+.''% 58 +Similarly, on April~6, 2016, the IRA purchased advertisements for its account ``Black Matters'' calling for a ``flashmob'' of U.S. persons to ``take a photo with \UseVerb{HCFP} or \UseVerb{NOHILL}.''% 58 \footnote{4/6/16 Facebook Advertisement ID 6043740225319.} IRA-purchased advertisements featuring Clinton were, with very few exceptions, negative.% 59 \footnote{\textit{See} SM-2230634, serial 213 (documenting politically-oriented advertisements from the larger set provided by Facebook).} IRA-purchased advertisements referencing candidate Trump largely supported his campaign. The first known IRA advertisement explicitly endorsing the Trump Campaign was purchased on April~19, 2016. -The IRA bought an advertisement for its Instagram account ``Tea Party News'' asking U.S. persons to help them ``make a patriotic team of young Trump supporters'' by uploading photos with the hashtag ``\verb+#KIDS4TRUMP+.''% 60 +The IRA bought an advertisement for its Instagram account ``Tea Party News'' asking U.S. persons to help them ``make a patriotic team of young Trump supporters'' by uploading photos with the hashtag `` \UseVerb{K4T}.''% 60 \footnote{4/19/16 Facebook Advertisement ID 6045151094235.} In subsequent months, the IRA purchased dozens of advertisements supporting the Trump Campaign, predominantly through the Facebook groups ``Being Patriotic,'' ``Stop All Invaders,'' and ``Secured Borders.'' @@ -305,10 +305,10 @@ \subsubsection{U.S. Operations Through Twitter} The IRA operated individualized Twitter accounts similar to the operation of its Facebook accounts, by continuously posting original content to the accounts while also communicating with U.S. Twitter users directly (through public tweeting or Twitter's private messaging). The IRA used many of these accounts to attempt to influence U.S. audiences on the election. -Individualized accounts used to influence the U.S. presidential election included \verb+@TEN_GOP+ (described above); \verb+@jenn_abrams+ (claiming to be a Virginian Trump supporter with 70,000 followers); \verb+@Pamela_Moore13+ (claiming to be a Texan Trump supporter with 70,000 followers); and \verb+@America_1st_+ (an anti-immigration persona with 24,000 followers).% 67 -\footnote{Other individualized accounts included \verb+@MissouriNewsUS+ (an account with 3,800 followers that posted pro-Sanders and anti-Clinton material).} -In May~2016, the IRA created the Twitter account \verb+@march_for_trump+, which promoted IRA-organized rallies in support of the Trump Campaign (described below).% 68 -\footnote{\textit{See} \verb+@march_for_trump+, 5/30/16 Tweet (first post from account).} +Individualized accounts used to influence the U.S. presidential election included \UseVerb{TENGOP} (described above); \UseVerb{jennabrams} (claiming to be a Virginian Trump supporter with 70,000 followers); \UseVerb{PAMELA} (claiming to be a Texan Trump supporter with 70,000 followers); and \UseVerb{America1st} (an anti-immigration persona with 24,000 followers).% 67 +\footnote{Other individualized accounts included \UseVerb{MNUS} (an account with 3,800 followers that posted pro-Sanders and anti-Clinton material).} +In May~2016, the IRA created the Twitter account \UseVerb{MFT}, which promoted IRA-organized rallies in support of the Trump Campaign (described below).% 68 +\footnote{\textit{See} \UseVerb{MFT}, 5/30/16 Tweet (first post from account).} \blackout{Harm to Ongoing Matter: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.} @@ -322,19 +322,19 @@ \subsubsection{U.S. Operations Through Twitter} \footnote{For example, one IRA account tweeted, ``To those people, who hate the Confederate flag. Did you know that the flag and the war wasn't about slavery, it was all about money.'' The tweet received over 40,000 responses. -\verb+@Jenn_Abrams+ 4/24/17 (2:37~p.m.) Tweet.} +\UseVerb{JENNABRAMS} 4/24/17 (2:37~p.m.) Tweet.} U.S. media outlets also quoted tweets from IRA-controlled accounts and attributed them to the reactions of real U.S. persons.% 71 \footnote{Josephine Lukito \& Chris Wells, \textit{Most Major Outlets Have Used Russian Tweets as Sources for Partisan Opinion: Study}, Columbia Journalism Review (Mar.~8, 2018); -\textit{see also Twitter Steps Up to Explain} \verb+#NewYorkValues+ \textit{to Ted Cruz}, Washington Post (Jan.~15, 2016) (citing IRA tweet); +\textit{see also Twitter Steps Up to Explain} \UseVerb{NYV} \textit{to Ted Cruz}, Washington Post (Jan.~15, 2016) (citing IRA tweet); \textit{People Are Slamming the CIA for Claiming Russia Tried to Help Donald Trump}, U.S. News \& World Report (Dec.~12, 2016).} Similarly, numerous high-profile U.S. persons, including former Ambassador Michael McFaul,% 72 -\footnote{\verb+@McFaul+ 4/30/16 Tweet (responding to tweet by \verb+@Jenn_Abrams+).} Roger Stone,% 73 -\footnote{\verb+@RogerJStoneJr+ 5/30/16 Tweet (retweeting \verb+@Pamela_Moore13+); -\verb+@RogerJStoneJr+ 4/26/16 Tweet (same).} +\footnote{\UseVerb{MCFAUL} 4/30/16 Tweet (responding to tweet by \UseVerb{JENNABRAMS}).} Roger Stone,% 73 +\footnote{\UseVerb{ROGER} 5/30/16 Tweet (retweeting \UseVerb{PAMELA}); +\UseVerb{ROGER} 4/26/16 Tweet (same).} Sean Hannity,% 74 -\footnote{\verb+@seanhannity+ 6/21/17 Tweet (retweeting \verb+@Pamela_Moore13+).} +\footnote{\UseVerb{HANNITY} 6/21/17 Tweet (retweeting \UseVerb{PAMELA}).} and Michael Flynn~Jr.,% 75 -\footnote{\verb+@mflynnJR+ 6/22/17 Tweet (``RT \verb+@Jenn_Abrams+: This is what happens when you add the voice over of an old documentary about mental illness onto video of SJWs\dots'').} +\footnote{\UseVerb{MFJ} 6/22/17 Tweet (``RT \UseVerb{JENNABRAMS}: This is what happens when you add the voice over of an old documentary about mental illness onto video of SJWs\dots'').} retweeted or responded to tweets posted to these IRA-controlled accounts. Multiple individuals affiliated with the Trump Campaign also promoted IRA tweets (discussed below). @@ -372,10 +372,10 @@ \subsubsection{U.S. Operations Involving Political Rallies} In most cases, the IRA account operator would tell the U.S. person that they personally could not attend the event due to some preexisting conflict or because they were somewhere else in the United States.% 82 \footnote{8/20/16 Facebook Message, ID 100009922908461 (Matt Skiber) to \blackout{Personal Privacy}} The IRA then further promoted the event by contacting U.S. media about the event and directing them to speak with the coordinator.% 83 -\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 7/21/16 Email, \verb+joshmilton024@gmail.com+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy}; -7/21/16 Email, \verb+joshmilton024@gmail.com+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy}} +\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 7/21/16 Email, \UseVerb{JOSHMILTON} to \blackout{Personal Privacy}; +7/21/16 Email, \UseVerb{JOSHMILTON} to \blackout{Personal Privacy}} After the event, the IRA posted videos and photographs of the event to the IRA's social media accounts.% 84 -\footnote{\verb+@march_for_trump+ 6/25/16 Tweet (posting photos from rally outside Trump Tower).} +\footnote{\UseVerb{MFT} 6/25/16 Tweet (posting photos from rally outside Trump Tower).} The Office identified dozens of U.S. rallies organized by the IRA\null. The earliest evidence of a rally was a ``confederate rally'' in November 2015.% 85 \footnote{Instagram ID 2228012168 (Stand For Freedom) 11/3/15 Post (``Good evening buds! @@ -404,8 +404,8 @@ \subsubsection{U.S. Operations Involving Political Rallies} \footnote{The pro-Trump rallies were organized through multiple Facebook, Twitter, and email accounts. \textit{See, e.g.}, Facebook ID 100009922908461 (Matt Skiber); Facebook ID 1601685693432389 (Being Patriotic); -Twitter Account \verb+@march_for_trump+; -\verb+beingpatriotic@gmail.com+. +Twitter Account \UseVerb{MFT}; +\UseVerb{BEINGPATRIOTIC}. (Rallies were organized in New York on June~25, 2016; Florida on August~20, 2016; and Pennsylvania on October~2, 2016.)} Many of the same IRA employees who oversaw the IRA's social media accounts also conducted the day-to-day recruiting for political rallies inside the United States. @@ -432,16 +432,16 @@ \subsubsection{Targeting and Recruitment of U.S. Persons} The IRA also recruited moderators of conservative social media groups to promote IRA-generated content,% 90 \footnote{8/19/16 Facebook Message, ID 100009922908461 (Matt Skiber) to \blackout{Personal Privacy}} as well as recruited individuals to perform political acts (such as walking around New York City dressed up as Santa Claus with a Trump mask).% 91 -\footnote{12/8/16 Email, \verb+robot@craigslist.org+ to \verb+beingpatriotic@gmail.com+ (confirming Craigslist advertisement).} +\footnote{12/8/16 Email, \UseVerb{ROBOTCL} to \UseVerb{BEINGPATRIOTIC} (confirming Craigslist advertisement).} \blackout{Harm to Ongoing Matter: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.}% 92 -\footnote{8/18--19/16 Twitter DMs, \verb+@march_for_trump+ \& \blackout{Personal Privacy}} +\footnote{8/18--19/16 Twitter DMs, \UseVerb{MFT} \& \blackout{Personal Privacy}} \blackout{Harm to Ongoing Matter: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}% 93 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 11/11--27/16 Facebook Messages, ID 100011698576461 (Taylor Brooks) \& ID \blackout{Personal Privacy} (arranging to pay for plane tickets and for a bull horn). } \blackout{Harm to Ongoing Matter: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}% 94 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 9/10/16 Facebook Message, ID 100009922908461 (Matt Skiber) \& ID \blackout{Personal Privacy} (discussing payment for rally supplies); -8/18/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@march_for_trump+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (discussing payment for construction materials).} +8/18/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{MFT} to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (discussing payment for construction materials).} \blackout{Harm to Ongoing Matter} as the IRA's online audience became larger, the IRA tracked U.S. persons with whom they communicated and had successfully tasked (with tasks ranging from organizing rallies to taking pictures with certain political messages). \blackout{Harm to Ongoing Matter: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.}% 95 @@ -462,29 +462,30 @@ \subsubsection{Interactions and Contacts with the Trump Campaign} In total, Trump Campaign affiliates promoted dozens of tweets, posts, and other political content created by the IRA\null. \begin{itemize} - \item Posts from the IRA-controlled Twitter account \verb+@TEN_GOP+ were cited or retweeted by multiple Trump Campaign officials and surrogates, including Donald J. Trump~Jr.,% 96 - \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, \verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 10/26/16 Tweet (``RT \verb+@TEN_GOP+: BREAKING Thousands of names changed on voter rolls in Indiana. - Police investigating \verb+#VoterFraud+. \verb+#DrainTheSwamp+.''); - \verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 11/2/16 Tweet (``RT \verb+@TEN_GOP+: BREAKING: \verb+#VoterFraud+ by counting tens of thousands of ineligible mail in Hillary votes being reported in Broward County, Florida.''); - \verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 11/8/16 Tweet (``RT \verb+@TEN_GOP+:This vet passed away last month before he could vote for Trump. - Here he is in his \verb+#MAGAhat+. - \verb+#voted+ \verb+#ElectionDay+.''). Trump~Jr.\ retweeted additional \verb+@TEN_GOP+ content subsequent to the election.} + \item Posts from the IRA-controlled Twitter account \UseVerb{TENGOP} were cited or retweeted by multiple Trump Campaign officials and surrogates, including Donald J. Trump~Jr.,% 96 + \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, \UseVerb{DJTJ} 10/26/16 Tweet (``RT \UseVerb{TENGOP}: BREAKING Thousands of names changed on voter rolls in Indiana. + Police investigating \UseVerb{VOTERFRAUD}. \UseVerb{DRAINTS}.''); + \UseVerb{DJTJ} 11/2/16 Tweet (``RT \UseVerb{TENGOP}: BREAKING: \UseVerb{VOTERFRAUD} by counting tens of thousands of ineligible mail in Hillary votes being reported in Broward County, Florida.''); + \UseVerb{DJTJ} 11/8/16 Tweet (``RT \UseVerb{TENGOP}:This vet passed away last month before he could vote for Trump. + Here he is in his \UseVerb{MAGAhat}. + \UseVerb{voted} \UseVerb{ElectionDay}.''). + Trump~Jr.\ retweeted additional \UseVerb{TENGOP} content subsequent to the election.} Eric Trump,% 97 - \footnote{\verb+@EricTrump+ 10/20/16 Tweet (``RT \verb+@TEN_GOP+: BREAKING Hillary shuts down press conference when asked about DNC Operatives corruption \& \verb+#VoterFraud+ \verb+#debatenight+ \verb+#TrumpB+'').} + \footnote{\UseVerb{ERICTRUMP} 10/20/16 Tweet (``RT \UseVerb{TENGOP}: BREAKING Hillary shuts down press conference when asked about DNC Operatives corruption \& \UseVerb{VOTERFRAUD} \UseVerb{debatenight} \UseVerb{TrumpB}'').} Kellyanne Conway,% 98 - \footnote{\verb+@KellyannePolls+ 11/6/16 Tweet (``RT \verb+@TEN_GOP+: Mother of jailed sailor: `Hold Hillary to same standards as my son on Classified info' \verb+#hillarysemail+ \verb+#WeinerGate+.'').} + \footnote{\UseVerb{KellyannePolls} 11/6/16 Tweet (``RT \UseVerb{TENGOP}: Mother of jailed sailor: `Hold Hillary to same standards as my son on Classified info' \UseVerb{hillarysemail} \UseVerb{WeinerGate}.'').} Brad Parscale,% 99 - \footnote{\verb+@parscale+ 10/15/16 Tweet (``Thousands of deplorables chanting to the media: `TellTheTruth!' RT if you are also done w/biased Media! \verb+#FridayFeeling+'').} + \footnote{\UseVerb{parscale} 10/15/16 Tweet (``Thousands of deplorables chanting to the media: `TellTheTruth!' RT if you are also done w/biased Media! \UseVerb{FridayFeeling}'').} and Michael T. Flynn.% 100 - \footnote{\verb+@GenFlynn+ 11/7/16 (retweeting \verb+@TEN_GOP+ post that included in part ``\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ \& \verb+@mike_pence+ will be our next POTUS \& VPOTUS.'').} + \footnote{\UseVerb{GenFlynn} 11/7/16 (retweeting \UseVerb{TENGOP} post that included in part ``\UseVerb{DJT} \& \UseVerb{mikepence} will be our next POTUS \& VPOTUS.'').} These posts included allegations of voter fraud,% 101 - \footnote{\verb+@TEN_GOP+ 10/11/16 Tweet (``North Carolina finds 2,214 voters over the age of 110!!'').} + \footnote{\UseVerb{TENGOP} 10/11/16 Tweet (``North Carolina finds 2,214 voters over the age of 110!!'').} as well as allegations that Secretary Clinton had mishandled classified information.% 102 - \footnote{\verb+@TEN_GOP+ 11/6/16 Tweet (``Mother of jailed sailor: `Hold Hillary to same standards as my son on classified info \verb+#hillaryemail+ \verb+#WeinerGate+.'\thinspace'').} - \item A November~7, 2016 post from the IRA-controlled Twitter account \verb+@Pamela_Moore13+ was retweeted by Donald J. Trump~Jr.% 103 - \footnote{\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 11/7/16 Tweet (``RT \verb+@Pamela_Moore13+: Detroit residents speak out against the failed policies of Obama, Hillary \& democrats\dots.'').} - \item On September~19, 2017, President Trump's personal account \verb+@realDonaldTrump+ responded to a tweet from the IRA-controlled account \verb+@10_gop+ (the backup account of \verb+@TEN_GOP+, which had already been deactivated by Twitter). The tweet read: ``We love you, Mr.~President!''% 104 - \footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 9/19/17 (7:33~p.m.) Tweet (``THANK YOU for your support Miami! My team just shared photos from your TRUMP SIGN WAVING DAY, yesterday! I love you -- and there is no question -- TOGETHER, WE WILL MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!''} + \footnote{\UseVerb{TENGOP} 11/6/16 Tweet (``Mother of jailed sailor: `Hold Hillary to same standards as my son on classified info['] \UseVerb{hillaryemail} \UseVerb{WeinerGate}.'\thinspace'').} + \item A November~7, 2016 post from the IRA-controlled Twitter account \UseVerb{PAMELA} was retweeted by Donald J. Trump~Jr.% 103 + \footnote{\UseVerb{DJTJ} 11/7/16 Tweet (``RT \UseVerb{PAMELA}: Detroit residents speak out against the failed policies of Obama, Hillary \& democrats\dots.'').} + \item On September~19, 2017, President Trump's personal account \UseVerb{DJT} responded to a tweet from the IRA-controlled account \UseVerb{10gop} (the backup account of \UseVerb{TENGOP}, which had already been deactivated by Twitter). The tweet read: ``We love you, Mr.~President!''% 104 + \footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 9/19/17 (7:33~p.m.) Tweet (``THANK YOU for your support Miami! My team just shared photos from your TRUMP SIGN WAVING DAY, yesterday! I love you -- and there is no question -- TOGETHER, WE WILL MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!''} \end{itemize} IRA employees monitored the reaction of the Trump Campaign and, later, Trump Administration officials to their tweets. @@ -511,13 +512,13 @@ \subsubsection{Interactions and Contacts with the Trump Campaign} Starting in June 2016, the IRA contacted different U.S. persons affiliated with the Trump Campaign in an effort to coordinate pro-Trump IRA-organized rallies inside the United States. In all cases, the IRA contacted the Campaign while claiming to be U.S. political activists working on behalf of a conservative grassroots organization. The IRA's contacts included requests for signs and other materials to use at rallies,% 107 -\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 8/16/16 Email, \verb+joshmilton024@gmail.com+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy}\verb+@donaldtrump.com+ (asking for Trump/Pence signs for Florida rally); -8/18/16 Email, \verb+joshmilton024@gmail.com+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy}\verb+@donaldtrump.com+ (asking for Trump/Pence signs for Florida rally); -8/12/16 Email, \verb+joshmilton024@gmail.com+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy}\verb+@donaldtrump.com+ (asking for ``contact phone numbers for Trump Campaign affiliates'' in various Florida cities and signs). +\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 8/16/16 Email, \UseVerb{JOSHMILTON} to \blackout{Personal Privacy}\UseVerb{dtcom} (asking for Trump/Pence signs for Florida rally); +8/18/16 Email, \UseVerb{JOSHMILTON} to \blackout{Personal Privacy}\UseVerb{dtcom} (asking for Trump/Pence signs for Florida rally); +8/12/16 Email, \UseVerb{JOSHMILTON} to \blackout{Personal Privacy}\UseVerb{dtcom} (asking for ``contact phone numbers for Trump Campaign affiliates'' in various Florida cities and signs). } as well as requests to promote the rallies and help coordinate logistics.% 108 -\footnote{8/15/16 Email, \blackout{Personal Privacy} to \verb+joshmilton024@gmail.com+ (asking to add to locations to the ``Florida Goes Trump,'' list); -8/16/16 Email, to \blackout{Personal Privacy} to \verb+joshmilton024@gmail.com+ (volunteering to send an email blast to followers).} +\footnote{8/15/16 Email, \blackout{Personal Privacy} to \UseVerb{JOSHMILTON} (asking to add to locations to the ``Florida Goes Trump,'' list); +8/16/16 Email, to \blackout{Personal Privacy} to \UseVerb{JOSHMILTON} (volunteering to send an email blast to followers).} While certain campaign volunteers agreed to provide the requested support (for example, agreeing to set aside a number of signs), the investigation has not identified evidence that any Trump Campaign official understood the requests were coming from foreign nationals. \hr diff --git a/src/volume-1/decisions.tex b/src/volume-1/decisions.tex index 9779e3b..ca2af48 100644 --- a/src/volume-1/decisions.tex +++ b/src/volume-1/decisions.tex @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ \subsubsection{False Statements and Obstruction of the Investigation} \textit{Obstruction of Justice}. Three basic elements are common to the obstruction statutes pertinent to this Office's charging decisions: an obstructive act; some form of nexus between the obstructive act and an official proceeding; and criminal (\textit{i.e.}, corrupt) intent. -A detailed discussion of those elements, and the law governing obstruction of justice more generally, is included in \hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume~II} of the report. +A detailed discussion of those elements, and the law governing obstruction of justice more generally, is included in \hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume~II} of the report. \paragraph{Application to Certain Individuals} diff --git a/src/volume-1/executive-summary.tex b/src/volume-1/executive-summary.tex index 01893af..e89ec24 100644 --- a/src/volume-1/executive-summary.tex +++ b/src/volume-1/executive-summary.tex @@ -121,19 +121,19 @@ \subsection*{Russian Contacts with the Campaign} As with any counterintelligence investigation, this will also include an assessment of whether any crimes were committed. \end{quote} -The investigation continued under then-Director Comey for the next seven weeks until May~9, 2017, when President Trump fired Comey as FBI Director---an action which is analyzed in \hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume~II} of the report. +The investigation continued under then-Director Comey for the next seven weeks until May~9, 2017, when President Trump fired Comey as FBI Director---an action which is analyzed in \hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume~II} of the report. On May~17, 2017, Acting Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed the Special Counsel and authorized him to conduct the investigation that Comey had confirmed in his congressional testimony, as well as matters arising directly from the investigation, and any other matters within the scope of 28~C.F.R. \S~600.4(a), which generally covers efforts to interfere with or obstruct the investigation. President Trump reacted negatively to the Special Counsel's appointment. He told advisors that it was the end of his presidency, sought to have Attorney General Jefferson (Jeff) Sessions unrecuse from the Russia investigation and to have the Special Counsel removed, and engaged in efforts to curtail the Special Counsel's investigation and prevent the disclosure of evidence to it, including through public and private contacts with potential witnesses. -Those and related actions are described and analyzed in \hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume~II} of the report. +Those and related actions are described and analyzed in \hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume~II} of the report. \hr \subsection*{The Special Counsel's Charging Decisions} -In reaching the charging decisions described in \hyperlink{chapter.1}{Volume~I} of the report, the Office determined whether the conduct it found amounted to a violation of federal criminal law chargeable under the Principles of Federal Prosecution. +In reaching the charging decisions described in \hyperref[chap:volume-1]{Volume~I} of the report, the Office determined whether the conduct it found amounted to a violation of federal criminal law chargeable under the Principles of Federal Prosecution. \textit{See} Justice Manual \S~9-27.000 \textit{et seq.}~(2018). The standard set forth in the Justice Manual is whether the conduct constitutes a crime; if so, whether admissible evidence would probably be sufficient to obtain and sustain a conviction; and whether prosecution would serve a substantial federal interest that could not be adequately served by prosecution elsewhere or through non-criminal alternatives. \textit{See} Justice Manual \S~9-27.220. diff --git a/src/volume-1/hacking-dumping.tex b/src/volume-1/hacking-dumping.tex index f985243..3fd2245 100644 --- a/src/volume-1/hacking-dumping.tex +++ b/src/volume-1/hacking-dumping.tex @@ -32,9 +32,8 @@ \subsubsection{GRU Units Target the Clinton Campaign} \textit{Netyksho} Indictment \P~10.} \blackout{Investigative Technique} a bitcoin mining operation to secure bitcoins used to purchase computer infrastructure used in hacking operations.% 113 \footnote{Bitcoin mining consists of unlocking new bitcoins by solving computational problems. -\blackout{Investigative Technique} kept its newly mined coins in an account on the bitcoin exchange platform \verb+CEX.io+. -To make purchases, the GRU routed funds into other accounts through transactions designed to obscure the source -of funds. +\blackout{Investigative Technique} kept its newly mined coins in an account on the bitcoin exchange platform \UseVerb{CEX}. +To make purchases, the GRU routed funds into other accounts through transactions designed to obscure the source of funds. \textit{Netyksho} Indictment \P~62.} Military Unit 74455 is a related GRU unit with multiple departments that engaged in cyber operations. @@ -46,12 +45,12 @@ \subsubsection{GRU Units Target the Clinton Campaign} \footnote{\textit{Netyksho} Indictment \P~9.} \begin{itemize} - \item Unit 26165 used \blackout{Investigative Technique} to learn about \blackout{Investigative Technique} different Democratic websites, including \verb+democrats.org+, \verb+hillaryclinton.com+, \verb+dnc.org+, and \verb+dccc.org+. + \item Unit 26165 used \blackout{Investigative Technique} to learn about \blackout{Investigative Technique} different Democratic websites, including \UseVerb{democratsorg}, \UseVerb{hillaryclintoncom}, \UseVerb{dncorg}, and \UseVerb{dcccorg}. \blackout{Investigative Technique: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.} began before the GRU had obtained any credentials or gained access to these networks, indicating that the later DCCC and DNC intrusions were not crimes of opportunity but rather the result of targeting.% 116 \footnote{\textit{See} SM-2589105, serials 144 \& 495.} \item GRU officers also sent hundreds of spearphishing emails to the work and personal email accounts of Clinton Campaign employees and volunteers. - Between March~10, 2016 and March~15, 2016, Unit 26165 appears to have sent approximately 90 spearphishing emails to email accounts at \verb+hillaryclinton.com+. - Starting on March~15, 2016, the GRU began targeting Google email accounts used by Clinton Campaign employees, along with a smaller number of \verb+dnc.org+ email accounts.% 117 + Between March~10, 2016 and March~15, 2016, Unit 26165 appears to have sent approximately 90 spearphishing emails to email accounts at \UseVerb{hillaryclintoncom}. + Starting on March~15, 2016, the GRU began targeting Google email accounts used by Clinton Campaign employees, along with a smaller number of \UseVerb{dncorg} email accounts.% 117 \footnote{\blackout{Investigative Technique}} \end{itemize} @@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ \subsubsection{Intrusions into the DCCC and DNC Networks} Unit 26165 implanted on the DCCC and DNC networks two types of customized malware,% 123 \footnote{``Malware'' is short for malicious software, and here refers to software designed to allow a third party to infiltrate a computer without the consent or knowledge of the computer's user or operator.} -known as ``X-Agent'' and ``X-Tunnel''; Mimikatz, a credential-harvesting tool; and \verb+rar.exe+, a tool used in these intrusions to compile and compress materials for exfiltration. +known as ``X-Agent'' and ``X-Tunnel''; Mimikatz, a credential-harvesting tool; and \UseVerb{rarexe}, a tool used in these intrusions to compile and compress materials for exfiltration. X-Agent was a multi-function hacking tool that allowed Unit 26165 to log keystrokes, take screenshots, and gather other data about the infected computers (\textit{e.g.}, file directories, operating systems).% 124 \footnote{\blackout{Investigative Technique}} X-Tunnel was a hacking tool that created an encrypted connection between the victim DCCC/DNC computers and GRU-controlled computers outside the DCCC and DNC networks that was capable of large-scale data transfers.% 125 @@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ \subsubsection{Intrusions into the DCCC and DNC Networks} \footnote{\textit{Netyksho} Indictment \P~27--29; \blackout{Investigative Technique}} The GRU began stealing DCCC data shortly after it gained access to the network. -On April~14, 2016 (approximately three days after the initial intrusion) GRU officers downloaded \verb+rar.exe+ onto the DCCC's document server. +On April~14, 2016 (approximately three days after the initial intrusion) GRU officers downloaded \UseVerb{rarexe} onto the DCCC's document server. The following day, the GRU searched one compromised DCCC computer for files containing search terms that included ``Hillary,'' ``DNC,'' ``Cruz,'' and ``Trump.''% 131 \footnote{\blackout{Investigative Technique}} On April~25, 2016, the GRU collected and compressed PDF and Microsoft documents from folders on the DCCC's shared file server that pertained to the 2016 election.% 132 @@ -144,22 +143,22 @@ \subsection{Dissemination of the Hacked Materials} \subsubsection{DCLeaks} -The GRU began planning the releases at least as early as April~19, 2016, when Unit 26165 registered the domain \verb+dcleaks.com+ through a service that anonymized the registrant.% 137 +The GRU began planning the releases at least as early as April~19, 2016, when Unit 26165 registered the domain \UseVerb{dcleaks} through a service that anonymized the registrant.% 137 \footnote{\textit{Netyksho} Indictment \P~35. -Approximately a week before the registration of \verb+dcleaks.com+, the same actors attempted to register the website \verb+electionleaks.com+ using the same domain registration service. +Approximately a week before the registration of \UseVerb{dcleaks}, the same actors attempted to register the website \UseVerb{electionleaks} using the same domain registration service. \blackout{Investigative Technique}} Unit 26165 paid for the registration using a pool of bitcoin that it had mined.% 138 \footnote{\textit{See} SM-2589105, serial 181; \textit{Netyksho} Indictment \P~21(a).} -The \verb+dcleaks.com+ landing page pointed to different tranches of stolen documents, arranged by victim or subject matter. -Other \verb+dcleaks.com+ pages contained indexes of the stolen emails that were being released (bearing the sender, recipient, and date of the email). +The \UseVerb{dcleaks} landing page pointed to different tranches of stolen documents, arranged by victim or subject matter. +Other \UseVerb{dcleaks} pages contained indexes of the stolen emails that were being released (bearing the sender, recipient, and date of the email). To control access and the timing of releases, pages were sometimes password-protected for a period of time and later made unrestricted to the public. -Starting in June 2016, the GRU posted stolen documents onto the website \verb+dcleaks.com+, including documents stolen from a number of individuals associated with the Clinton Campaign. +Starting in June 2016, the GRU posted stolen documents onto the website \UseVerb{dcleaks}, including documents stolen from a number of individuals associated with the Clinton Campaign. These documents appeared to have originated from personal email accounts (in particular, Google and Microsoft accounts), rather than the DNC and DCCC computer networks. DCLeaks victims included an advisor to the Clinton Campaign, a former DNC employee and Clinton Campaign employee, and four other campaign volunteers.% 139 \footnote{\blackout{Investigative Technique}} -The GRU released through \verb+dcleaks.com+ thousands of documents, including personal identifying and financial information, internal correspondence related to the Clinton Campaign and prior political jobs, and fundraising files and information.% 140 +The GRU released through \UseVerb{dcleaks} thousands of documents, including personal identifying and financial information, internal correspondence related to the Clinton Campaign and prior political jobs, and fundraising files and information.% 140 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, Internet Archive, ``\url{https://dcleaks.com/}'' (archive date Nov.~10, 2016). Additionally, DCLeaks released documents relating to \blackout{Personal Privacy}, emails belonging to \blackout{Personal Privacy}, and emails from 2015 relating to Republican Party employees (under the portfolio name ``The United States Republican Party''). ``The United States Republican Party'' portfolio contained approximately 300 emails from a variety of GOP members, PACs, campaigns, state parties, and businesses dated between May and October 2015. @@ -171,16 +170,16 @@ \subsubsection{DCLeaks} The Facebook page was administered through a small number of preexisting GRU-controlled Facebook accounts.% 142 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, Facebook Account 100008825623541 (Alice Donovan).} -GRU officers also used the DCLeaks Facebook account, the Twitter account \verb+@dcleaks_+, and the email account \verb+dcleaksproject@gmail.com+ to communicate privately with reporters and other U.S. persons. -GRU officers using the DCLeaks persona gave certain reporters early access to archives of leaked files by sending them links and passwords to pages on the \verb+dcleaks.com+ website that had not yet become public. +GRU officers also used the DCLeaks Facebook account, the Twitter account \UseVerb{atdcleaks}, and the email account \UseVerb{dcleaksproject} to communicate privately with reporters and other U.S. persons. +GRU officers using the DCLeaks persona gave certain reporters early access to archives of leaked files by sending them links and passwords to pages on the \UseVerb{dcleaks} website that had not yet become public. For example, on July~14, 2016, GRU officers operating under the DCLeaks persona sent a link and password for a non-public DCLeaks webpage to a U.S. reporter via the Facebook account.% 143 \footnote{7/14/16 Facebook Message, ID 793058100795341 (DC Leaks) to ID\blackout{Personal Privacyr}} -Similarly, on September~14, 2016, GRU officers sent reporters Twitter direct messages from \verb+@dcleaks_+, with a password to another non-public part of the \verb+dcleaks.com+ website.% 144 -\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 9/14/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@dcleaks_+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy}; -9/14/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@dcleaks_+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy}. -The messages read: ``Hi \verb+https://t.co/QTVKUjQcOx+ pass: \verb+KvFsg%*14@gPgu&+ enjoy \verb+;)+.''} +Similarly, on September~14, 2016, GRU officers sent reporters Twitter direct messages from \UseVerb{atdcleaks}, with a password to another non-public part of the \UseVerb{dcleaks} website.% 144 +\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, 9/14/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atdcleaks} to \blackout{Personal Privacy}; +9/14/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atdcleaks} to \blackout{Personal Privacy}. +The messages read: ``Hi \UseVerb{tco} pass: \UseVerb{pass} enjoy \UseVerb{smiley}.''} -The \verb+DCLeaks.com+ website remained operational and public until March~2017. +The \UseVerb{DCLeaks} website remained operational and public until March~2017. \subsubsection{Guccifer 2.0} @@ -213,10 +212,10 @@ \subsubsection{Guccifer 2.0} Beginning in late June 2016, the GRU also used the Guccifer~2.0 persona to release documents directly to reporters and other interested individuals. Specifically, on June~27, 2016, Guccifer~2.0 sent an email to the news outlet The Smoking Gun offering to provide ``exclusive access to some leaked emails linked [to] Hillary Clinton's staff.''% 148 -\footnote{6/27/16 Email, \verb+guccifer20@aol.fr+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (subject ``leaked emails''); \blackout{Investigative Technique}} -The GRU later sent the reporter a password and link to a locked portion of the \verb+dcleaks.com+ website that contained an archive of emails stolen by Unit 26165 from a Clinton Campaign volunteer in March 2016.% 149 -\footnote{6/27/16 Email, \verb+guccifer20@aol.fr+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (subject ``leaked emails''); \blackout{Investigative Technique}; -\textit{see also} 6/27/16 Email, \verb+guccifer20@aol.fr+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (subject ``leaked emails''); \blackout{Investigative Technique} (claiming DCLeaks was a ``Wikileaks sub project'').} +\footnote{6/27/16 Email, \UseVerb{guccifer20} to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (subject ``leaked emails''); \blackout{Investigative Technique}} +The GRU later sent the reporter a password and link to a locked portion of the \UseVerb{dcleaks} website that contained an archive of emails stolen by Unit 26165 from a Clinton Campaign volunteer in March 2016.% 149 +\footnote{6/27/16 Email, \UseVerb{guccifer20} to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (subject ``leaked emails''); \blackout{Investigative Technique}; +\textit{see also} 6/27/16 Email, \UseVerb{guccifer20} to \blackout{Personal Privacy} (subject ``leaked emails''); \blackout{Investigative Technique} (claiming DCLeaks was a ``Wikileaks sub project'').} That the Guccifer~2.0 persona provided reporters access to a restricted portion of the DCLeaks website tends to indicate that both personas were operated by the same or a closely-related group of people.% 150 \footnote{Before sending the reporter the link and password to the closed DCLeaks website, and in an apparent effort to deflect attention from the fact that DCLeaks and Guccifer~2.0 were operated by the same organization, the Guccifer~2.0 persona sent the reporter an email stating that DCLeaks was a ``Wikileaks sub project'' and that Guccifer~2.0 had asked DCLeaks to release the leaked emails with ``closed access'' to give reporters a preview of them. } @@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ \subsubsection{Use of WikiLeaks} Dems+Media+liberals woudl [sic] then form a block to reign in their worst qualities\dots. With Hillary in charge, GOP will be pushing for her worst qualities., dems+media+neoliberals will be mute\dots. She's a bright, well connected, sadisitic [sic] sociopath.''% 156 -\footnote{11/19/15 Twitter Group Chat, Group ID 594242937858486276, \verb+@WikiLeaks+ et~al. +\footnote{11/19/15 Twitter Group Chat, Group ID 594242937858486276, \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} et~al. Assange also wrote that, ``GOP will generate a lot oposition [sic], including through dumb moves. Hillary will do the same thing, but co-opt the liberal opposition and the GOP opposition. Hence hillary has greater freedom to start wars than the GOP and has the will to do so.'' \textit{Id.}} @@ -263,20 +262,20 @@ \subsubsection{Use of WikiLeaks} \begin{quote} [W]e want this repository to become ``the place'' to search for background on hillary's plotting at the state department during 2009--2013\dots. Firstly because its useful and will annoy Hillary, but secondly because we want to be seen to be a resource/player in the US election, because eit [sic] may en[]courage people to send us even more important leaks.% 158 -\footnote{3/14/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@WikiLeaks+ to \blackout{Personal Privacy} -Less than two weeks earlier, the same account had been used to send a private message opposing the idea of Clinton ``in whitehouse with her bloodlutt and amitions [sic] of empire with hawkish liberal-interventionist appointees.'' 11/19/15 Twitter Group Chat, Group ID 594242937858486276, \verb+@WikiLeaks+ et~al.} +\footnote{3/14/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} to \blackout{Personal Privacy} +Less than two weeks earlier, the same account had been used to send a private message opposing the idea of Clinton ``in whitehouse with her bloodlutt and amitions [sic] of empire with hawkish liberal-interventionist appointees.'' 11/19/15 Twitter Group Chat, Group ID 594242937858486276, \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} et~al.} \end{quote} \paragraph{WikiLeaks's First Contact with Guccifer 2.0 and DCLeaks} -Shortly after the GRU's first release of stolen documents through \verb+dcleaks.com+ in June 2016, GRU officers also used the DCLeaks persona to contact WikiLeaks about possible coordination in the future release of stolen emails. -On June~14, 2016, \verb+@dcleaks_+ sent a direct message to \verb+@WikiLeaks+, noting, ``You announced your organization was preparing to publish more Hillary's emails. +Shortly after the GRU's first release of stolen documents through \UseVerb{dcleaks} in June 2016, GRU officers also used the DCLeaks persona to contact WikiLeaks about possible coordination in the future release of stolen emails. +On June~14, 2016, \UseVerb{atdcleaks} sent a direct message to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}, noting, ``You announced your organization was preparing to publish more Hillary's emails. We are ready to support you. We have some sensitive information too, in particular, her financial documents. Let's do it together. What do you think about publishing our info at the same moment? Thank you.''% 159 -\footnote{6/14/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@dcleaks_+ to \verb+@WikiLeaks+.} +\footnote{6/14/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atdcleaks} to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}.} \blackout{Investigative Technique: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.} Around the same time, WikiLeaks initiated communications with the GRU persona Guccifer~2.0 shortly after it was used to release documents stolen from the DNC\null. @@ -286,7 +285,7 @@ \subsubsection{Use of WikiLeaks} On July~6, 2016, WikiLeaks again contacted Guccifer~2.0 through Twitter's private messaging function, writing, ``if you have anything hillary related we want it in the next tweo [sic] days prefable [sic] because the DNC is approaching and she will solidify bernie supporters behind her after.'' The Guccifer~2.0 persona responded, ``ok \dots\ i see.'' WikiLeaks also explained, ``we think trump has only a 25\% chance of winning against hillary \dots\ so conflict between bernie and hillary is interesting.''% 161 -\footnote{7/6/16 Twitter DMs, \verb+@WikiLeaks+ \& \verb+@guccifer_2+.} +\footnote{7/6/16 Twitter DMs, \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} \& \UseVerb{guccifer2}.} \paragraph{The GRU's Transfer of Stolen Materials to WikiLeaks} @@ -301,35 +300,35 @@ \subsubsection{Use of WikiLeaks} On July~14, 2016, GRU officers used a Guccifer~2.0 email account to send WikiLeaks an email bearing the subject ``big archive'' and the message ``a new attempt.''% 163 \footnote{This was not the GRU's first attempt at transferring data to WikiLeaks. On June~29, 2016, the GRU used a Guccifer~2.0 email account to send a large encrypted file to a WikiLeaks email account. -6/29/16 Email, \verb+guccifer20@mail.com+ +6/29/16 Email, \UseVerb{guccifer20mailcom} \blackout{Investigative Technique} (The email appears to have been undelivered.)} -The email contained an encrypted attachment with the name ``\verb+wk dnc link1.txt.gpg+.''% 164 +The email contained an encrypted attachment with the name ``\UseVerb{wkdnclink1}.''% 164 \footnote{\textit{See} SM-2589105-DCLEAKS, serial 28 (analysis).} Using the Guccifer~2.0 Twitter account, GRU officers sent WikiLeaks an encrypted file and instructions on how to open it.% 165 -\footnote{6/27/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@Guccifer_2+ to \verb+@WikiLeaks+.} +\footnote{6/27/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{Guccifer2} to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}.} On July~18, 2016, WikiLeaks confirmed in a direct message to the Guccifer~2.0 account that it had ``the 1 Gb or so archive'' and would make a release of the stolen documents ``this week.''% 166 -\footnote{7/18/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@Guccifer_2+ \& \verb+@WikiLeaks+.} +\footnote{7/18/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{Guccifer2} \& \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}.} On July~22, 2016, WikiLeaks released over 20,000 emails and other documents stolen from the DNC computer networks.% 167 \footnote{``DNC Email Archive,'' WikiLeaks (Jul.~22, 2016), \textit{available at} \url{https://wikileaks.org/dnc-emails}.} The Democratic National Convention began three days later. Similar communications occurred between WikiLeaks and the GRU-operated persona DCLeaks. -On September~15, 2016, \verb+@dcleaks_+ wrote to \verb+@WikiLeaks+, ``hi there! +On September~15, 2016, \UseVerb{atdcleaks} wrote to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}, ``hi there! I'm from DC Leaks. How could we discuss some submission-related issues? Am trying to reach out to you via your secured chat but getting no response. I've got something that might interest you. You won't be disappointed, I promise.''% 168 -\footnote{9/15/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@dcleaks_+ to \verb+@WikiLeaks+.} +\footnote{9/15/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atdcleaks} to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}.} The WikiLeaks account responded, ``Hi there,'' without further elaboration. -The \verb+@dcleaks_+ account did not respond immediately. +The \UseVerb{atdcleaks} account did not respond immediately. -The same day, the Twitter account \verb+@guccifer_2+ sent \verb+@dcleaks_+ a direct message, which is the first known contact between the personas.% 169 -\footnote{9/15/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@guccifer_2+ to \verb+@dcleaks_+.} +The same day, the Twitter account \UseVerb{guccifer2} sent \UseVerb{atdcleaks} a direct message, which is the first known contact between the personas.% 169 +\footnote{9/15/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{guccifer2} to \UseVerb{atdcleaks}.} During subsequent communications, the Guccifer~2.0 persona informed DCLeaks that WikiLeaks was trying to contact DCLeaks and arrange for a way to speak through encrypted emails.% 170 \footnote{\textit{See} SM-2589105-DCLEAKS, serial 28; -9/15/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@Guccifer_2+ \& \verb+@WikiLeaks+.} +9/15/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{Guccifer2} \& \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}.} An analysis of the metadata collected from the WikiLeaks site revealed that the stolen Podesta emails show a creation date of September~19, 2016.% 171 \footnote{\textit{See} SM-2284941, serials 63 \& 64 \blackout{Investigative Technique}} @@ -342,12 +341,12 @@ \subsubsection{Use of WikiLeaks} \textit{See} SM-2284941, serials 63 \& 64.} Beginning on September~20, 2016, WikiLeaks and DCLeaks resumed communications in a brief exchange. -On September~22, 2016, a DCLeaks email account \verb+dcleaksproject@gmail.com+ sent an email to a WikiLeaks account with the subject ``Submission'' and the message ``Hi from DCLeaks.'' -The email contained a PGP-encrypted message with the filename ``\verb+wiki_mail.txt.gpg+.''% 174 -\footnote{\textit{See} 9/22/16 Email, \verb+dcleaksproject@gmail.com+ \blackout{Investigative Technique}} +On September~22, 2016, a DCLeaks email account \UseVerb{dcleaksproject} sent an email to a WikiLeaks account with the subject ``Submission'' and the message ``Hi from DCLeaks.'' +The email contained a PGP-encrypted message with the filename ``\UseVerb{wikimail}.''% 174 +\footnote{\textit{See} 9/22/16 Email, \UseVerb{dcleaksproject} \blackout{Investigative Technique}} \blackout{Investigative Technique} The email, however, bears a number of similarities to the July~14, 2016 email in which GRU officers used the Guccifer~2.0 persona to give WikiLeaks access to the archive of DNC files. -On September~22, 2016 (the same day of DCLeaks' email to WikiLeaks), the Twitter account \verb+@dcleaks_+ sent a single message to \verb+@WikiLeaks+ with the string of characters \blackout{Investigative Technique: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.} +On September~22, 2016 (the same day of DCLeaks' email to WikiLeaks), the Twitter account \UseVerb{atdcleaks} sent a single message to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} with the string of characters \blackout{Investigative Technique: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.} The Office cannot rule out that stolen documents were transferred to WikiLeaks through intermediaries who visited during the summer of 2016. For example, public reporting identified Andrew M{\"u}ller-Maguhn as a WikiLeaks associate who may have assisted with the transfer of these stolen documents to WikiLeaks.% 175 @@ -373,8 +372,8 @@ \subsubsection{Use of WikiLeaks} Beginning in the summer of 2016, Assange and WikiLeaks made a number of statements about Seth Rich, a former DNC staff member who was killed in July 2016. The statements about Rich implied falsely that he had been the source of the stolen DNC emails. -On August~9, 2016, the \verb+@WikiLeaks+ Twitter account posted: ``ANNOUNCE: WikiLeaks has decided to issue a US\$20k reward for information leading to conviction for the murder of DNC staffer Seth Rich.''% 180 -\footnote{\verb+@WikiLeaks+ 8/9/16 Tweet.} +On August~9, 2016, the \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} Twitter account posted: ``ANNOUNCE: WikiLeaks has decided to issue a US\$20k reward for information leading to conviction for the murder of DNC staffer Seth Rich.''% 180 +\footnote{\UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} 8/9/16 Tweet.} Likewise, on August~25, 2016, Assange was asked in an interview, ``Why are you so interested in Seth Rich's killer?'' and responded, ``We're very interested in anything that might be a threat to alleged Wikileaks sources.'' The interviewer responded to Assange's statement by commenting, ``I know you don't want to reveal your source, but it certainly sounds like you're suggesting a man who leaked information to WikiLeaks was then murdered.'' Assange replied, ``If there's someone who's potentially connected to our publication, and that person has been murdered in suspicious circumstances, it doesn't necessarily mean that the two are connected. @@ -646,21 +645,21 @@ \subsubsection{[\protect\censor{Harm to Ongoing Matter}]} \paragraph{Donald Trump~Jr.\ Interaction with WikiLeaks} Donald Trump~Jr.\ had direct electronic communications with WikiLeaks during the campaign period. -On September~20, 2016, an individual named Jason Fishbein sent WikiLeaks the password for an unlaunched website focused on Trump's ``unprecedented and dangerous'' ties to Russia, \verb+PutinTrump.org+.% 252 -\footnote{9/20/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@JasonFishbein+ to \verb+@WikiLeaks+; -see JFO0587 (9/21/16 Messages, \blackout{Personal Privacy}\verb+@jabber.cryptoparty.is+ \& \blackout{Personal Privacy}\verb+@jabber.cryptoparty.is+; +On September~20, 2016, an individual named Jason Fishbein sent WikiLeaks the password for an unlaunched website focused on Trump's ``unprecedented and dangerous'' ties to Russia, \UseVerb{PutinTrumporg}.% 252 +\footnote{9/20/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atJasonFishbein} to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}; +see JFO0587 (9/21/16 Messages, \blackout{Personal Privacy}\UseVerb{atjabber} \& \blackout{Personal Privacy}\UseVerb{atjabber}; Fishbein 9/5/18 302, at~4. When interviewed by our Office, Fishbein produced what he claimed to be logs from a chatroom in which the participants discussed U.S. politics; one of the other participants had posted the website and password that Fishbein sent to WikiLeaks.} WikiLeaks publicly tweeted: ``\thinspace`Let's bomb Iraq' -Progress for America PAC to launch `\verb+PutinTrump.org+' at 9:30am. Oops pw is `putintrump' \verb+putintrump.org+.'' -Several hours later, WikiLeaks sent a Twitter direct message to Donald Trump~Jr., ``A PAC run anti-Trump site \verb+putintrump.org+ is about to launch. +Progress for America PAC to launch `\UseVerb{PutinTrumporg}' at 9:30am. Oops pw is `putintrump' \UseVerb{putintrumporg}.'' +Several hours later, WikiLeaks sent a Twitter direct message to Donald Trump~Jr., ``A PAC run anti-Trump site \UseVerb{putintrumporg} is about to launch. The PAC is a recycled pro-Iraq war PAC\null. We have guessed the password. It is `putintrump.' See `About' for who is behind it. Any comments?''% 253 -\footnote{9/20/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@WikiLeaks+ to \verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+.} +\footnote{9/20/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} to \UseVerb{DJTJ}.} Several hours later, Trump~Jr.\ emailed a variety of senior campaign staff: @@ -674,23 +673,23 @@ \subsubsection{[\protect\censor{Harm to Ongoing Matter}]} \footnote{TRUMPORG\_28\_000629--33 (9/21/16 Email, Trump~Jr.\ to Conway et~al.\ (subject ``Wikileaks'')).} \end{quote} -Trump~Jr.\ attached a screenshot of the ``About'' page for the unlaunched site \verb+PutinTrump.org+. +Trump~Jr.\ attached a screenshot of the ``About'' page for the unlaunched site \UseVerb{PutinTrumporg}. The next day (after the website had launched publicly), Trump~Jr.\ sent a direct message to WikiLeaks: ``Off the record, I don't know who that is but I'll ask around. Thanks.''% 255 -\footnote{9/21/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ to \verb+@WikiLeaks+.} +\footnote{9/21/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{DJTJ} to \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}.} On October~3, 2016, WikiLeaks sent another direct message to Trump~Jr., asking ``you guys'' to help disseminate a link alleging candidate Clinton had advocated using a drone to target Julian Assange. Trump~Jr.\ responded that he already ``had done so,'' and asked, ``what's behind this Wednesday leak I keep reading about?''% 256 -\footnote{10/3/16 Twitter DMs, \verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ \& \verb+@WikiLeaks+.} +\footnote{10/3/16 Twitter DMs, \UseVerb{DJTJ} \& \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks}.} WikiLeaks did not respond. On October~12, 2016, WikiLeaks wrote again that it was ``great to see you and your dad talking about our publications. -Strongly suggest your dad tweets this link if he mentions us \verb+wlsearch.tk+.''% 257 +Strongly suggest your dad tweets this link if he mentions us \UseVerb{wlsearchtk}.''% 257 \footnote{At the time, the link took users to a WikiLeaks archive of stolen Clinton Campaign documents.} WikiLeaks wrote that the link would help Trump in ``digging through'' leaked emails and stated, ``we just released Podesta emails Part~4.''% 258 -\footnote{10/12/16 Twitter DM, \verb+@WikiLeaks+ to \verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+.} -Two days later, Trump~Jr.\ publicly tweeted the \verb+wlsearch.tk+ link.% 259 -\footnote{\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 10/14/16 (6:34~a.m.) Tweet.} +\footnote{10/12/16 Twitter DM, \UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} to \UseVerb{DJTJ}.} +Two days later, Trump~Jr.\ publicly tweeted the \UseVerb{wlsearchtk} link.% 259 +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJTJ} 10/14/16 (6:34~a.m.) Tweet.} \subsubsection{Other Potential Campaign Interest in Russian Hacked Materials} diff --git a/src/volume-1/introduction.tex b/src/volume-1/introduction.tex index 7f4e1fd..3f32154 100644 --- a/src/volume-1/introduction.tex +++ b/src/volume-1/introduction.tex @@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ \section*{Introduction to Volume I} The report on our investigation consists of two volumes: -\hyperlink{chapter.1}{\textit{Volume~I}} describes the factual results of the Special Counsel's investigation of Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election and its interactions with the Trump Campaign. +\hyperref[chap:volume-1]{\textit{Volume~I}} describes the factual results of the Special Counsel's investigation of Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election and its interactions with the Trump Campaign. \hyperlink{section.1.1}{Section~I} describes the scope of the investigation. \hyperlink{section.1.2}{Sections~II} and~\hyperlink{section.1.3}{III} describe the principal ways Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election. \hyperlink{section.1.4}{Section~IV} describes links between the Russian government and individuals associated with the Trump Campaign. \hyperlink{section.1.5}{Section~V} sets forth the Special Counsel's charging decisions. -\hyperlink{chapter.2}{\textit{Volume~II}} addresses the President's actions towards the FBI's investigation into Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election and related matters, and his actions towards the Special Counsel's investigation. -\hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume~II} separately states its framework and the considerations that guided that investigation. +\hyperref[chap:volume-2]{\textit{Volume~II}} addresses the President's actions towards the FBI's investigation into Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election and related matters, and his actions towards the Special Counsel's investigation. +\hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume~II} separately states its framework and the considerations that guided that investigation. diff --git a/src/volume-1/russian-links-to-trump.tex b/src/volume-1/russian-links-to-trump.tex index ae17a6b..2e61705 100644 --- a/src/volume-1/russian-links-to-trump.tex +++ b/src/volume-1/russian-links-to-trump.tex @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ \subsection{Campaign Period (September 2015--November~8, 2016)} Russian-government-connected individuals and media entities began showing interest in Trump's campaign in the months after he announced his candidacy in June 2015.% 288 \footnote{For example, on August~18, 2015, on behalf of the editor-in-chief of the internet newspaper \textit{Vzglyad}, Georgi Asatryan emailed campaign press secretary Hope Hicks asking for a phone or in-person candidate interview. 8/18/15 Email, Asatryan to Hicks. -One day earlier, the publication's founder (and former Russian parliamentarian) Konstantin Rykov had registered two Russian websites---\verb+Trump2016.ru+ and \verb+DonaldTrump2016.ru+. +One day earlier, the publication's founder (and former Russian parliamentarian) Konstantin Rykov had registered two Russian websites---\UseVerb{Trump2016ru} and \UseVerb{DonaldTrump2016ru}. No interview took place.} Because Trump's status as a public figure at the time was attributable in large part to his prior business and entertainment dealings, this Office investigated whether a business contact with Russia-linked individuals and entities during the campaign period---the Trump Tower Moscow project, \textit{see} \hyperlink{subsubsection.1.4.1.1}{Volume~I, Section~IV.A.1}, \textit{infra}---led to or involved coordination of election assistance. @@ -245,9 +245,9 @@ \subsubsection{Trump Tower Moscow Project} Cohen told Sater that he was ``setting up the meeting myself.''% 345 \footnote{FS00004 (12/30/15 Text Message, Cohen to Sater (6:17~p.m.)).} On January~11, 2016, Cohen emailed the office of Dmitry Peskov, the Russian government's press secretary, indicating that he desired contact with Sergei Ivanov, Putin's chief of staff. -Cohen erroneously used the email address ``\verb+Pr_peskova@prpress.gof.ru+'' instead of ``\verb+Pr_peskova@prpress.gov.ru+,'' so the email apparently did not go through.% 346 -\footnote{1/11/16 Email, Cohen to \verb+pr_peskova@prpress.gof.ru+ (9:12~a.m.).} -On January~14, 2016, Cohen emailed a different address (\verb+info@prpress.gov.ru+) with the following message: +Cohen erroneously used the email address ``\UseVerb{PrpeskovaATprpressgofru}'' instead of ``\UseVerb{PrpeskovaATprpressgovru},'' so the email apparently did not go through.% 346 +\footnote{1/11/16 Email, Cohen to \UseVerb{prpeskovaATprpressgofru} (9:12~a.m.).} +On January~14, 2016, Cohen emailed a different address (\UseVerb{infoATprpressgovru}) with the following message: \begin{quote} Dear Mr.~Peskov, @@ -257,17 +257,17 @@ \subsubsection{Trump Tower Moscow Project} As this project is too important, I am hereby requesting your assistance. I respectfully request someone, preferably you; contact me so that I might discuss the specifics as well as arranging meetings with the appropriate individuals. I thank you in advance for your assistance and look forward to hearing from you soon.% 347 -\footnote{1/14/16 Email, Cohen to \verb+info@prpress.gov.ru+ (9:21~a.m.).} +\footnote{1/14/16 Email, Cohen to \UseVerb{infoATprpressgovru} (9:21~a.m.).} \end{quote} -Two days later, Cohen sent an email to \verb+Pr_peskova@prpress.gov.ru+, repeating his request to speak with Sergei Ivanov.% 348 -\footnote{1/16/16 Email, Cohen to \verb+pr_peskova@prpress.gov.ru+ (10:28~a.m.).} +Two days later, Cohen sent an email to \UseVerb{PrpeskovaATprpressgovru}, repeating his request to speak with Sergei Ivanov.% 348 +\footnote{1/16/16 Email, Cohen to \UseVerb{prpeskovaATprpressgovru} (10:28~a.m.).} Cohen testified to Congress, and initially told the Office, that he did not recall receiving a response to this email inquiry and that he decided to terminate any further work on the Trump Moscow project as of January 2016. Cohen later admitted that these statements were false. In fact, Cohen had received (and recalled receiving) a response to his inquiry, and he continued to work on and update candidate Trump on the project through as late as June 2016.% 349 \footnote{\textit{Cohen} Information \P\P~4,~7. -Cohen's interactions with President Trump and the President's lawyers when preparing his congressional testimony are discussed further in \hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume~II}\null. +Cohen's interactions with President Trump and the President's lawyers when preparing his congressional testimony are discussed further in \hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume~II}\null. \textit{See} \hyperlink{subsubsection.2.2.11.3}{Vol.~II, Section~II.K.3}, \textit{infra}.} On January~20, 2016, Cohen received an email from Elena Poliakova, Peskov's personal assistant. @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ \subsubsection{Trump Tower Moscow Project} It does not appear that Graff prepared that note immediately. According to written answers from President Trump,% 380 -\footnote{As explained in \hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume~II} and \hyperlink{section.3.3}{Appendix~C}, on September~17, 2018, the Office sent written questions to the President's counsel. +\footnote{As explained in \hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume~II} and \hyperlink{section.3.3}{Appendix~C}, on September~17, 2018, the Office sent written questions to the President's counsel. On November~20, 2018, the President provided written answers to those questions through counsel.} Graff received an email from Deputy Prime Minister Prikhodko on March~17, 2016, again inviting Trump to participate in the 2016 Forum in St.~Petersburg.% 381 \footnote{Written Responses of Donald J. Trump (Nov.~20, 2018), at~17 (Response to Question~IV, Part~(e)) (``[D]ocuments show that Ms.~Graff prepared for my signature a brief response declining the invitation.'').} @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ \subsubsection{George Papadopoulos} Although Carson remained in the presidential race until early March 2016, Papadopoulos had stopped actively working for his campaign by early February 2016.% 398 \footnote{Papadopoulos 8/10/17 302, at~2; 2/4/16 Email, Papadopoulos to Idris.} At that time, Papadopoulos reached out to a contact at the London Centre of International Law Practice (LCILP), which billed itself as a ``unique institution \dots\ comprising high-level professional international law practitioners, dedicated to the advancement of global legal knowledge and the practice of international law.''% 399 -\footnote{London Centre of International Law Practice, at \url{https://www.lcilp.org/} (via \verb+web.archive.org+).} +\footnote{London Centre of International Law Practice, at \url{https://www.lcilp.org/} (via \url{web.archive.org}).} Papadopoulos said that he had finished his role with the Carson campaign and asked if LCILP was hiring.% 400 \footnote{2/4/16 Email, Papadopoulos to Idris.} In early February, Papadopoulos agreed to join LCILP and arrived in London to begin work.% 401 @@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@ \subsubsection{June~9, 2016 Meeting at Trump Tower} Shortly after his June~3 call with Emin Agalarov, Goldstone emailed Trump~Jr.% 684 \footnote{RG000061 (6/3/16 Email, Goldstone to Trump~Jr.); DJTJRO0446 (6/3/16 Email, Goldstone to Donald Trump~Jr.); -\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet.} +\UseVerb{DJTJ} 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet.} The email stated: \begin{quote} @@ -1530,7 +1530,7 @@ \subsubsection{June~9, 2016 Meeting at Trump Tower} Seems we have some time and if it's what you say I love it especially later in the summer. Could we do a call first thing next week when I am back?''% 685 \footnote{DJTJROO446 (6/3/16 Email, Trump~Jr.\ to Goldstone); -\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJTJ} 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet; RG000061 (6/3/16 Email, Trump~Jr.\ to Goldstone).} Goldstone conveyed Trump~Jr.'s interest to Emin Agalarov, emailing that Trump~Jr.\ ``wants to speak personally on the issue.''% 686 \footnote{\blackout{Grand Jury} RG000062 (6/3/16 Email, Goldstone \& Trump~Jr.).} @@ -1563,12 +1563,12 @@ \subsubsection{June~9, 2016 Meeting at Trump Tower} On June~7, Goldstone emailed Trump~Jr.\ and said that ``Emin asked that I schedule a meeting with you and [t]he Russian government attorney who is flying over from Moscow.''% 694 \footnote{DJTJROO467 (6/7/16 Email, Goldstone to Trump~Jr.); -\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJTJ} 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet; RG000068 (6/7/16 Email, Goldstone to Trump~Jr.); \blackout{Grand Jury}} Trump~Jr.\ replied that Manafort (identified as the ``campaign boss''), Jared Kushner, and Trump~Jr.\ would likely attend.% 695 \footnote{DJTJROO469 (6/7/16 Email, Trump~Jr.\ to Goldstone); -\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJr+ 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJTJ} 07/11/17 (11:00) Tweet; RG000071 (6/7/16 Email, Trump~Jr.\ to Goldstone); OSC-KAV\_00048 (6/7/16 Email, Goldstone to Kaveladze); \blackout{Grand Jury}} @@ -1637,7 +1637,7 @@ \subsubsection{June~9, 2016 Meeting at Trump Tower} As for the original topic of the June~13 speech, Trump has said that ``he expected to give a speech referencing the publicly available, negative information about the Clintons,'' and that the draft of the speech prepared by Campaign staff ``was based on publicly available material, including, in particular, information from the book \textit{Clinton Cash} by Peter Schweizer.'' Written Responses, \textit{supra}. In a later June~22 speech, Trump did speak extensively about allegations that Clinton was corrupt, drawing from the \textit{Clinton Cash} book. -\textit{See Full Transcript: Donald Trump NYC Speech on Stakes of the Election}, \verb+politico.com+ (June~22, 2016).} +\textit{See Full Transcript: Donald Trump NYC Speech on Stakes of the Election}, \UseVerb{politicocom} (June~22, 2016).} \paragraph{The Events of June~9, 2016} @@ -2017,12 +2017,12 @@ \subsubsection{Post-Convention Contacts with Kislyak} \paragraph{Ambassador Kislyak Invites J.D.~Gordon to Breakfast at the Ambassador's Residence} On August~3, 2016, an official from the Embassy of the Russian Federation in the United States wrote to Gordon ``[o]n behalf of\thinspace'' Ambassador Kislyak inviting Gordon ``to have breakfast/tea with the Ambassador at his residence'' in Washington, D.C. the following week.% 818 -\footnote{DJTFP00004828 (8/3/16 Email, Pchelyakov [\verb+embassy@russianembassy.org+] to Gordon).} +\footnote{DJTFP00004828 (8/3/16 Email, Pchelyakov [\UseVerb{russianembassyorg}] to Gordon).} Gordon responded five days later to decline the invitation. He wrote, ``[t]hese days are not optimal for us, as we are busily knocking down a constant stream of false media stories while also preparing for the first debate with HRC\null. Hope to take a raincheck for another time when things quiet down a bit. Please pass along my regards to the Ambassador.''% 819 -\footnote{DJTFP00004953 (8/8/16 Email, Gordon to \verb+embassy@russianembassy.org+).} +\footnote{DJTFP00004953 (8/8/16 Email, Gordon to \UseVerb{russianembassyorg}).} The investigation did not identify evidence that Gordon made any other arrangements to meet (or met) with Kislyak after this email. \paragraph{Senator Sessions's September 2016 Meeting with Ambassador Kislyak} @@ -2401,7 +2401,7 @@ \subsubsection{Paul Manafort} Manafort met with Kilimnik a second time at the Grand Havana Club in New York City on the evening of August~2, 2016. The events leading to the meeting are as follows. On July~28, 2016, Kilimnik flew from Kiev to Moscow.% 912 -\footnote{7/25/16 Email, Kilimnik to \verb+katrin@yana.kiev.ua+ (2:17:34~a.m.).} +\footnote{7/25/16 Email, Kilimnik to \UseVerb{katrinyana} (2:17:34~a.m.).} The next day, Kilimnik wrote to Manafort requesting that they meet, using coded language about a conversation he had that day.% 913 \footnote{7/99/16 Email, Kilimnik to Manafort (10:51~a.m.).} In an email with a subject line ``Black Caviar,'' Kilimnik wrote: @@ -3533,7 +3533,7 @@ \subsubsection{Contacts With and Through Michael T. Flynn} Putin superseded that comment two hours later, releasing a statement that Russia would not take retaliatory measures in response to the sanctions at that time.% 1263 \footnote{\textit{Statement of the President of the Russian Federation}, Kremlin, Office of the President (Dec.~30, 2016 (7:15~a.m,)).} Hours later President-Elect Trump tweeted, ``Great move on delay (by V.~Putin).''% 1264 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/30/16 (11:41~a.m.) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 12/30/16 (11:41~a.m.) Tweet.} Shortly thereafter, Flynn sent a text message to McFarland summarizing his call with Kislyak from the day before, which she emailed to Kushner, Bannon, Priebus, and other Transition Team members.% 1265 \footnote{12/30/16 Email, Flynn to McFarland; 12/30/16 Email, McFarland to Kushner et~al.} @@ -3568,7 +3568,7 @@ \subsubsection{Contacts With and Through Michael T. Flynn} Bannon, for his part, recalled meeting with Flynn that day, but said that he did not remember discussing sanctions with him.% 1275 \footnote{Bannon 2/12/18 302, at~9.} -Additional information about Flynn's sanctions-related discussions with Kislyak, and the handling of those discussions by the Transition Team and the Trump Administration, is provided in \hyperlink{chapter.2}{Volume~II} of this report. +Additional information about Flynn's sanctions-related discussions with Kislyak, and the handling of those discussions by the Transition Team and the Trump Administration, is provided in \hyperref[chap:volume-2]{Volume~II} of this report. \hr diff --git a/src/volume-2/factual-results.tex b/src/volume-2/factual-results.tex index a4ef209..2b8ed90 100644 --- a/src/volume-2/factual-results.tex +++ b/src/volume-2/factual-results.tex @@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ \section{Factual Results of the Obstruction Investigation} \subsection{The Campaign's Response to Reports About Russian Support for Trump} During the 2016 campaign, the media raised questions about a possible connection between the Trump Campaign and Russia.% 7 \footnote{This section summarizes and cites various news stories not for the truth of the information contained in the stories, but rather to place candidate Trump's response to those stories in context. -\hyperlink{chapter.1}{Volume~I} of this report analyzes the underlying facts of several relevant events that were reported on by the media during the campaign.} +\hyperref[chap:volume-1]{Volume~I} of this report analyzes the underlying facts of several relevant events that were reported on by the media during the campaign.} The questions intensified after WikiLeaks released politically damaging Democratic Party emails that were reported to have been hacked by Russia. Trump responded to questions about possible connections to Russia by denying any business involvement in Russia---even though the Trump Organization had pursued a business project in Russia as late as June 2016. Trump also expressed skepticism that Russia had hacked the emails at the same time as he and other Campaign advisors privately sought information about any further planned WikiLeaks releases. After the election, when questions persisted about possible links between Russia and the Trump Campaign, the President-Elect continued to deny any connections to Russia and privately expressed concerns that reports of Russian election interference might lead the public to question the legitimacy of his election.% 8 -\footnote{As discussed in \hyperlink{chapter.1}{Volume~I}, while the investigation identified numerous links between individuals with ties to the Russian government and individuals associated with the Trump Campaign, the evidence was not sufficient to charge that any member of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with representatives of the Russian government to interfere in the 2016 election.} +\footnote{As discussed in \hyperref[chap:volume-1]{Volume~I}, while the investigation identified numerous links between individuals with ties to the Russian government and individuals associated with the Trump Campaign, the evidence was not sufficient to charge that any member of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with representatives of the Russian government to interfere in the 2016 election.} \subsubsection{Press Reports Allege Links Between the Trump Campaign and Russia} On June~16, 2015, Donald J. Trump declared his intent to seek nomination as the Republican candidate for President.% 9 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/16/15 (11:57~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/16/15 (11:57~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} By early 2016, he distinguished himself among Republican candidates by speaking of closer ties with Russia,% 10 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, Meet the Press Interview with Donald J. Trump, NBC (Dec.~20, 2015) (Trump: ``I think it would be a positive thing if Russia and the United States actually got along.''); \textit{Presidential Candidate Donald Trump News Conference, Hanahan, South Carolina}, C-SPAN (Feb.~15, 2016) (``You want to make a good deal for the country, you want to deal with Russia.'').} @@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ \subsubsection{Press Reports Allege Links Between the Trump Campaign and Russia} \footnote{\textit{See, e.g., Anderson Cooper 360~Degrees}, CNN (July~8, 2015) (``I think I get along with [Putin] fine.''); Andrew Rafferty, \textit{Trump Says He Would ``Get Along Very Well'' With Putin}, NBC (July~30, 2015), (quoting Trump as saying, ``I think I would get along very well with Vladimir Putin.'').} questioning whether the NATO alliance was obsolete,% 12 -\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, \verb+@realDonaldTrump+ Tweet 3/24/16 (7:47~a.m.~ET); -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ Tweet 3/24/16 (7:59~a.m.~ET).} +\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, \UseVerb{DJT} Tweet 3/24/16 (7:47~a.m.~ET); +\UseVerb{DJT} Tweet 3/24/16 (7:59~a.m.~ET).} and praising Putin as a ``strong leader.''% 13 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, Meet the Press Interview with Donald J. Trump, NBC (Dec.~20, 2015) (``[Putin] is a strong leader. What am I gonna say, he's a weak leader? @@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ \subsubsection{The Trump Campaign Reacts to WikiLeaks's Release of Hacked Emails \subsubsection{The Trump Campaign Reacts to Allegations That Russia was Seeking to Aid Candidate Trump} In the days that followed WikiLeaks's July~22, 2016 release of hacked DNC emails, the Trump Campaign publicly rejected suggestions that Russia was seeking to aid candidate Trump. On July~26, 2016, Trump tweeted that it was ``[c]razy'' to suggest that Russia was ``dealing with Trump''% 32 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/26/16 (6:47~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/26/16 (6:47~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} and that ``[f]or the record,'' he had ``ZERO investments in Russia.''% 33 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/26/16 (6:50~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/26/16 (6:50~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} In a press conference the next day, July~27, 2016, Trump characterized ``this whole thing with Russia'' as ``a total deflection'' and stated that it was ``far fetched'' and ``ridiculous.''% 34 \footnote{\textit{Donald Trump News Conference, Doral, Florida}, C-SPAN (July~27, 2016).} @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ \subsubsection{The Trump Campaign Reacts to Allegations That Russia was Seeking Page 3/16/17 302, at~2.} On October~7, 2016, WikiLeaks released the first set of emails stolen by a Russian intelligence agency from Clinton Campaign chairman John Podesta.% 49 -\footnote{\verb+@WikiLeaks+ 10/7/16 (4:32~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{atWikiLeaks} 10/7/16 (4:32~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} The same day, the federal government announced that ``the Russian Government directed the recent compromises of e-mails from US persons and institutions, including from US political organizations.''% 50 \footnote{Joint Statement from the Department Of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security, DHS (Oct.~7, 2016).} The government statement directly linked Russian hacking to the releases on WikiLeaks, with the goal of interfering with the presidential election, and concluded ``that only Russia's senior-most officials could have authorized these activities'' based on their ``scope and sensitivity.''% 51 @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ \subsubsection{Incoming National Security Advisor Flynn Discusses Sanctions on R On December~30, 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would not take retaliatory measures in response to the sanctions at that time and would instead ``plan \dots\ further steps to restore Russian--US relations based on the policies of the Trump Administration.''% 94 \footnote{\textit{Statement by the President of Russia}, President of Russia (Dec.~30, 2016) 12/30/16.} Following that announcement, the President-Elect tweeted, ``Great move on delay (by V.~Putin)---I always knew he was very smart!''% 95 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/30/16 (2:41~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 12/30/16 (2:41~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} On December~31, 2016, Kislyak called Flynn and told him that Flynn's request had been received at the highest levels and Russia had chosen not to retaliate in response to the request.% 96 \footnote{Flynn 1/19/18 302, at~3; @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ \subsubsection{Flynn's Resignation} Spicer told the press the next day that Flynn was forced to resign ``not based on a legal issue, but based on a trust issue, [where] a level of trust between the President and General Flynn had eroded to the point where [the President] felt he had to make a change.''% 214 \footnote{Sean Spicer, \textit{White House Daily Briefing}, C-SPAN (Feb.~14, 2017). After Flynn pleaded guilty to violating 18~U.S.C. \S~1001 in December 2017, the President tweeted, ``I had to fire General Flynn because he lied to the Vice President and the~FBI.'' -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/2/17 (12:14~p.m.~ET) Tweet. +\UseVerb{DJT} 12/2/17 (12:14~p.m.~ET) Tweet. The next day, the President's personal counsel told the press that he had drafted the tweet. Maegan Vazquez et~al., \textit{Trump's lawyer says he was behind President's tweet about firing Flynn}, CNN (Dec.~3, 2017).} @@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ \subsubsection{The President Attempts to Have K.T. McFarland Create a Witness St On March~31, 2017, following news that Flynn had offered to testify before the FBI and congressional investigators in exchange for immunity, the President tweeted, ``Mike Flynn should ask for immunity in that this is a witch hunt (excuse for big election loss), by media \& Dems, of historic proportion!''% 266 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 3/31/17 (7:04~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 3/31/17 (7:04~a.m.~ET) Tweet; \textit{see} Shane Harris et al., \textit{Mike Flynn Offers to Testify in Exchange for Immunity}, Wall Street Journal (Mar.~30, 2017).} In late March or early April, the President asked McFarland to pass a message to Flynn telling him the President felt bad for him and that he should stay strong.% 267 \footnote{McFarland 12/22/17 302, at~18.} @@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ \subsubsection{The President Attempts to Have K.T. McFarland Create a Witness St ``While the President has repeatedly expressed his view that General Flynn is a decent man who served and protected our country, the President has never asked Mr.~Comey or anyone else to end any investigation, including any investigation involving General Flynn\dots. This is not a truthful or accurate portrayal of the conversation between the President and Mr.~Comey.'' \textit{See} Michael S. Schmidt, \textit{Comey Memorandum Says Trump Asked Him to End Flynn Investigation}, New York Times (May~16, 2017) (quoting White House statement); -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/3/17 (6:15~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``I never asked Comey to stop investigating Flynn. +\UseVerb{DJT} 12/3/17 (6:15~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``I never asked Comey to stop investigating Flynn. Just more Fake News covering another Comey lie!'').} In private, the President denied aspects of Comey's account to White House advisors, but acknowledged to Priebus that he brought Flynn up in the meeting with Comey and stated that Flynn was a good guy.% 270 \footnote{Priebus recalled that the President acknowledged telling Comey that Flynn was a good guy and he hoped ``everything worked out for him.'' @@ -1924,14 +1924,14 @@ \subsubsection{The President Makes the Decision to Terminate Comey} \footnote{\textit{Interview with President Donald Trump}, NBC (May~11, 2017) Transcript, at~7.} On the evening of May~11, 2017, following the Lester Holt interview, the President tweeted, ``Russia must be laughing up their sleeves watching as the U.S. tears itself apart over a Democrat EXCUSE for losing the election.''% 494 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 5/11/17 (4:34~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 5/11/17 (4:34~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} The same day, the media reported that the President had demanded that Comey pledge his loyalty to the President in a private dinner shortly after being sworn in.% 495 \footnote{Michael S. Schmidt, \textit{In a Private Dinner, Trump Demanded Loyalty. Comey Demurred.}, New York Times (May~11, 2017).} Late in the morning of May~12, 2017, the President tweeted, ``Again, the story that there was collusion between the Russians \& Trump campaign was fabricated by Dems as an excuse for losing the election.''% 496 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 5/12/17 (7:51~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 5/12/17 (7:51~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} The President also tweeted, ``James Comey better hope that there are no `tapes' of our conversations before he starts leaking to the press!'' and ``When James Clapper himself, and virtually everyone else with knowledge of the witch hunt, says there is no collusion, when does it end?''% 497 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 5/12/17 (8:26~a.m.~ET) Tweet; -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 5/12/17 (8:54~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 5/12/17 (8:26~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJT} 5/12/17 (8:54~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} \begin{center} \textbf{Analysis} @@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ \subsubsection{The President Makes the Decision to Terminate Comey} The President also said he wanted to be able to tell his Attorney General ``who to investigate.'' In addition, the President had a motive to put the FBI's Russia investigation behind him. -The evidence does not establish that the termination of Comey was designed to cover up a conspiracy between the Trump Campaign and Russia: As described in \hyperlink{chapter.1}{Volume~I}, the evidence uncovered in the investigation did not establish that the President or those close to him were involved in the charged Russian computer-hacking or active-measure conspiracies, or that the President otherwise had an unlawful relationship with any Russian official. +The evidence does not establish that the termination of Comey was designed to cover up a conspiracy between the Trump Campaign and Russia: As described in \hyperref[chap:volume-1]{Volume~I}, the evidence uncovered in the investigation did not establish that the President or those close to him were involved in the charged Russian computer-hacking or active-measure conspiracies, or that the President otherwise had an unlawful relationship with any Russian official. But the evidence does indicate that a thorough FBI investigation would uncover facts about the campaign and the President personally that the President could have understood to be crimes or that would give rise to personal and political concerns. Although the President publicly stated during and after the election that he had no connection to Russia, the Trump Organization, through Michael Cohen, was pursuing the proposed Trump Tower Moscow project through June 2016 and candidate Trump was repeatedly briefed on the progress of those efforts.% 498 \footnote{\textit{See} \hyperlink{subsubsection.2.2.11.1}{Volume~II, Section~II.K.1}, \textit{infra}.} @@ -2076,7 +2076,7 @@ \subsubsection{The Appointment of the Special Counsel and the President's Reacti \footnote{Hunt-000040 (Hunt 5/17/17 Notes); \textit{see} Sessions 1/17/18 302, at~14. Early the next morning, the President tweeted, ``This is the single greatest witch hunt of a politician in American history!'' -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 5/18/17 (7:52~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\UseVerb{DJT} 5/18/17 (7:52~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} The President then told Sessions he should resign as Attorney General.% 509 \footnote{Hunt-000041 (Hunt 5/17/17 Notes); @@ -2268,17 +2268,17 @@ \subsubsection{The Press Reports that the President is Being Investigated for Ob Beginning early the next day, June~15, 2017, the President issued a series of tweets acknowledging the existence of the obstruction investigation and criticizing it. He wrote: ``They made up a phony collusion with the Russians story, found zero proof, so now they go for obstruction of justice on the phony story. Nice'';% 566 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/15/17 (6:55~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/15/17 (6:55~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} ``You are witnessing the single greatest WITCH HUNT in American political history---led by some very bad and conflicted people!'';% 567 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/15/17 (7:57~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/15/17 (7:57~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} and ``Crooked H destroyed phones w/ hammer, `bleached' emails, \& had husband meet w/AG days before she was cleared---\& they talk about obstruction?''% 568 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/15/17 (3:56~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/15/17 (3:56~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} The next day, June~16, 2017, the President wrote additional tweets criticizing the investigation: ``After 7 months of investigations \& committee hearings about my `collusion with the Russians,' nobody has been able to show any proof, Sad!'';% 569 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/16/17 (7:53~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/16/17 (7:53~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} and ``I am being investigated for firing the FBI Director by the man who told me to fire the FBI Director! Witch Hunt.''% 570 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/16/17 (9:07~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/16/17 (9:07~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On Saturday, June~17, 2017, the President called McGahn and directed him to have the Special Counsel removed.% 571 \footnote{McGahn 3/8/18 302, at~1--2; @@ -2612,12 +2612,12 @@ \subsubsection{The President Orders Priebus to Demand Sessions's Resignation} Early the following morning, July~22, 2017, the President tweeted, ``A new INTELLIGENCE LEAK from the Amazon Washington Post, this time against A.G.~Jeff Sessions. These illegal leaks, like Comey's, must stop!''% 643 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/22/17 (6:33~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/22/17 (6:33~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} Approximately one hour later, the President tweeted, ``So many people are asking why isn't the A.G. or Special Council looking at the many Hillary Clinton or Comey crimes. 33,000 e-mails deleted?''% 644 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/22/17 (7:44~a.m.~ET) Tweet. +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/22/17 (7:44~a.m.~ET) Tweet. Three minutes later, the President tweeted, ``What about all of the Clinton ties to Russia, including Podesta Company, Uranium deal, Russian Reset, big dollar speeches etc.'' -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/22/17 (7:47~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\UseVerb{DJT} 7/22/17 (7:47~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} Later that morning, while aboard Marine One on the way to Norfolk, Virginia, the President told Priebus that he had to get Sessions to resign immediately.% 645 \footnote{Priebus 1/18/18 302, at~13--14.} The President said that the country had lost confidence in Sessions and the negative publicity was not tolerable.% 646 @@ -2661,13 +2661,13 @@ \subsubsection{The President Orders Priebus to Demand Sessions's Resignation} \footnote{Priebus 1/18/18 302, at~15.} Over the next several days, the President tweeted about Sessions. On the morning of Monday, July~24, 2017, the President criticized Sessions for neglecting to investigate Clinton and called him ``beleaguered.''% 659 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/24/17 (8:49~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``So why aren't the Committees and investigators, and of course our beleaguered~A.G., looking into Crooked Hillarys crimes \& Russia relations?'').} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/24/17 (8:49~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``So why aren't the Committees and investigators, and of course our beleaguered~A.G., looking into Crooked Hillarys crimes \& Russia relations?'').} On July~25, the President tweeted, ``Attorney General Jeff Sessions has taken a VERY weak position on Hillary Clinton crimes (where are E-mails \& DNC server) \& Intel leakers!''% 660 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/25/17 (6:12~a.m.~ET) Tweet. +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/25/17 (6:12~a.m.~ET) Tweet. The President sent another tweet shortly before this one asking ``where is the investigation~A.G.'' -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/25/17 (6:03~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\UseVerb{DJT} 7/25/17 (6:03~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} The following day, July~26, the President tweeted, ``Why didn't A.G.~Sessions replace Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe, a Comey friend who was in charge of Clinton investigation.''% 661 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/26/17 (9:48~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/26/17 (9:48~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} According to Hunt, in light of the President's frequent public attacks, Sessions prepared another resignation letter and for the rest of the year carried it with him in his pocket every time he went to the White House.% 662 \footnote{Hunt 2/1/18 302, at~24--25.} @@ -2731,10 +2731,10 @@ \subsubsection{The President Learns About the Existence of Emails Concerning the Raffel 2/8/18 302, at~2.} As described in \hyperlink{subsubsection.1.4.1.5}{Volume~I, Section~IV.A.5}, \textit{supra}, the emails stated that the ``Crown [P]rosecutor of Russia'' had offered ``to provide the Trump campaign with some official documents and information that would incriminate Hillary and her dealings with Russia'' as part of ``Russia and its government's support for Mr.~Trump.''% 664 \footnote{RG000061 (6/3/16 Email, Goldstone to Trump~Jr.); -\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJR+ 7/11/17 (11:01~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\UseVerb{DJTJ} 7/11/17 (11:01~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} Trump~Jr.\ responded, ``[I]f it's what you say I love it,''% 665 \footnote{RG000061 (6/3/16 Email, Trump~Jr.\ to Goldstone); -\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJR+ 7/11/17 (11:01 am. ET) Tweet.} +\UseVerb{DJTJ} 7/11/17 (11:01 am. ET) Tweet.} and he, Kushner, and Manafort met with the Russian attorney and several other Russian individuals at Trump Tower on June~9, 2016.% 666 \footnote{Samochornov 7/12/17 302, at~4.} At the meeting, the Russian attorney claimed that funds derived from illegal activities in Russia were provided to Hillary Clinton and other Democrats, and the Russian attorney then spoke about the Magnitsky Act, a 2012 U.S.~statute that imposed financial and travel sanctions on Russian officials and that had resulted in a retaliatory ban in Russia on U.S. adoptions of Russian children.% 667 @@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ \subsubsection{The Media Reports on the June~9, 2016 Meeting} \footnote{Hicks 3/13/18 302, at~9.} On July~11, 2017, Trump~Jr.\ posted redacted images of the emails setting up the June~9 meeting on Twitter; the New York Times reported that he did so ``[a]fter being told that The Times was about to publish the content of the emails.''% 727 -\footnote{\verb+@DonaldJTrumpJR+ 7/11/17 (11:01~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJTJ} 7/11/17 (11:01~a.m.~ET) Tweet; Jo Becker et~al., \textit{Russian Dirt on Clinton? `I Love It,' Donald Trump~Jr.\ Said}, New York Times (July~11, 2017).} Later that day, the media reported that the President had been personally involved in preparing Trump~Jr.'s initial statement to the New York Times that had claimed the meeting ``primarily'' concerned ``a program about the adoption of Russian children.''% 728 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, Peter Baker \& Maggie Haberman, \textit{Rancor at White House as Russia Story Refuses to Let the Page Turn}, New York Times (July~11, 2017) (reporting that the President ``signed off\thinspace'' on Trump~Jr.'s statement).} @@ -3072,12 +3072,12 @@ \subsubsection{Additional Efforts to Have Sessions Unrecuse or Direct Investigat Many people not interviewed, including Clinton herself. Comey stated under oath that he didn't do this---obviously a fix? Where is Justice Dept?''% 755 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 10/18/17 (6:21~a.m.~ET) Tweet; -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 10/18/17 (6:27~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 10/18/17 (6:21~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJT} 10/18/17 (6:27~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On October~29, 2017, the President tweeted that there was ``ANGER \& UNITY'' over a ``lack of investigation'' of Clinton and ``the Comey fix,'' and concluded: ``DO SOMETHING!''% 756 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 10/29/17 (9:53~a.m.~ET) Tweet; -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 10/29/17 (10:02~a.m.~ET) Tweet; -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 10/29/17 (10:17~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 10/29/17 (9:53~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJT} 10/29/17 (10:02~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJT} 10/29/17 (10:17~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On December~6, 2017, five days after Flynn pleaded guilty to lying about his contacts with the Russian government, the President asked to speak with Sessions in the Oval Office at the end of a cabinet meeting.% 757 \footnote{Porter 4/13/18 302, at~5--6; @@ -3127,20 +3127,20 @@ \subsubsection{Additional Efforts to Have Sessions Unrecuse or Direct Investigat \footnote{Porter 5/8/18 302, at~15--16.} Over the next several months, the President continued to criticize Sessions in tweets and media interviews and on several occasions appeared to publicly encourage him to take action in the Russia investigation despite his recusal.% 768 -\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, \verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 2/28/18 (9:34~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``Why is A.G.~Jeff Sessions asking the Inspector General to investigate potentially massive FISA abuse. +\footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, \UseVerb{DJT} 2/28/18 (9:34~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``Why is A.G.~Jeff Sessions asking the Inspector General to investigate potentially massive FISA abuse. Will take forever, has no prosecutorial power and already late with reports on Comey etc. Isn't the I.G. an Obama guy? Why not use Justice Department lawyers? DISGRACEFUL!''); -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 4/7/18 (4:52~p.m.~ET) Tweet (``Lawmakers of the House Judiciary Committee are angrily accusing the Department of Justice of missing the Thursday Deadline for turning over UNREDACTED Documents relating to FISA abuse, FBI, Comey, Lynch, McCabe, Clinton Emails and much more. +\UseVerb{DJT} 4/7/18 (4:52~p.m.~ET) Tweet (``Lawmakers of the House Judiciary Committee are angrily accusing the Department of Justice of missing the Thursday Deadline for turning over UNREDACTED Documents relating to FISA abuse, FBI, Comey, Lynch, McCabe, Clinton Emails and much more. Slow walking---what is going on? BAD!''); -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 4/22/18 (8:22~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``\thinspace`GOP Lawmakers asking Sessions to Investigate Comey and Hillary Clinton.' \verb+@FoxNews+ Good luck with that request!''); -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/16/18 (3:37~p.m.~ET) Tweet (``Jeff Sessions should be ashamed of himself for allowing this total HOAX to get started in the first place!'').} +\UseVerb{DJT} 4/22/18 (8:22~a.m.~ET) Tweet (``\thinspace`GOP Lawmakers asking Sessions to Investigate Comey and Hillary Clinton.'\UseVerb{atFoxNews} Good luck with that request!''); +\UseVerb{DJT} 12/16/18 (3:37~p.m.~ET) Tweet (``Jeff Sessions should be ashamed of himself for allowing this total HOAX to get started in the first place!'').} On June~5, 2018, for example, the President tweeted, ``The Russian Witch Hunt Hoax continues, all because Jeff Sessions didn't tell me he was going to recuse himself\dots. I would have quickly picked someone else. So much time and money wasted, so many lives ruined \dots\ and Sessions knew better than most that there was No Collusion!''% 769 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/5/18 (7:31~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/5/18 (7:31~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On August~1, 2018, the President tweeted that ``Attorney General Jeff Sessions should stop this Rigged Witch Hunt right now.''% 770 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/1/18 (9:24~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 8/1/18 (9:24~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On August~23, 2018, the President publicly criticized Sessions in a press interview and suggested that prosecutions at the Department of Justice were politically motivated because Paul Manafort had been prosecuted but Democrats had not.% 771 \footnote{Fox \& Friends Interview of President Trump, Fox News (Aug.~23, 2018).} The President said, ``I put in an Attorney General that never took control of the Justice Department, Jeff Sessions.''% 772 @@ -3151,11 +3151,11 @@ \subsubsection{Additional Efforts to Have Sessions Unrecuse or Direct Investigat The next day, the President tweeted a response: ``\thinspace`Department of Justice will not be improperly influenced by political considerations.' Jeff, this is GREAT, what everyone wants, so look into all of the corruption on the `other side' including deleted Emails, Comey lies \& leaks, Mueller conflicts, McCabe, Strzok, Page, Ohr, FISA abuse, Christopher Steele \& his phony and corrupt Dossier, the Clinton Foundation, illegal surveillance of Trump campaign, Russian collusion by Dems---and so much more. Open up the papers \& documents without redaction? Come on Jeff, you can do it, the country is waiting!''% 774 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/24/18 (6:17~a.m.~ET) Tweet; -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/24/18 (6:28~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 8/24/18 (6:17~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJT} 8/24/18 (6:28~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On November~7, 2018, the day after the midterm elections, the President replaced Sessions with Sessions's chief of staff as Acting Attorney General.% 775 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 11/7/18 (2:44~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 11/7/18 (2:44~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} \begin{center} \textbf{Analysis} @@ -3520,7 +3520,7 @@ \subsubsection{Conduct Directed at Michael Flynn} In response to a question about whether the President still stood behind Flynn, the President responded, ``We'll see what happens.''% 843 \footnote{\textit{President Trump Remarks on Tax Reform and Michael Flynn's Guilty Plea}, C-SPAN (Dec.~2, 2017).} Over the next several days, the President made public statements expressing sympathy for Flynn and indicating he had not been treated fairly.% 844 -\footnote{\textit{See} \verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/2/17 (9:06~p.m.~ET) Tweet (``So General Flynn lies to the FBI and his life is destroyed, while Crooked Hillary Clinton, on that now famous FBI holiday `interrogation' with no swearing in and no recording, lies many times \dots\ and nothing happens to her? +\footnote{\textit{See} \UseVerb{DJT} 12/2/17 (9:06~p.m.~ET) Tweet (``So General Flynn lies to the FBI and his life is destroyed, while Crooked Hillary Clinton, on that now famous FBI holiday `interrogation' with no swearing in and no recording, lies many times \dots\ and nothing happens to her? Rigged system, or just a double standard?''); President Trump Departure Remarks, C-SPAN (Dec.~4, 2017) (``Well, I feel badly for General Flynn. I feel very badly. @@ -3584,7 +3584,7 @@ \subsubsection{Conduct Directed at Paul Manafort} Didn't know Manafort was the head of the Mob. What about Comey and Crooked Hillary and all the others? Very unfair!''% 855 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 6/15/18 (1:41~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 6/15/18 (1:41~p.m.~ET) Tweet.} Immediately following the revocation of Manafort's bail, the President's personal lawyer, Rudolph Giuliani, gave a series of interviews in which he raised the possibility of a pardon for Manafort. Giuliani told the New York Daily News that ``[w]hen the whole thing is over, things might get cleaned up with some presidential pardons.''% 856 @@ -3613,7 +3613,7 @@ \subsubsection{Conduct Directed at Paul Manafort} Rachel Weiner et~al., \textit{Paul Manafort trial Day 2: Witnesses describe extravagant clothing purchases, home remodels, lavish cars paid with wire transfers}, Washington Post (Aug.~1, 2018).} The next day, the President tweeted, ``This is a terrible situation and Attorney General Jeff Sessions should stop this Rigged Witch Hunt right now, before it continues to stain our country any further. Bob Mueller is totally conflicted, and his 17 Angry Democrats that are doing his dirty work are a disgrace to USA!''% 863 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/1/18 (9:24~a.m.~ET) Tweet. +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 8/1/18 (9:24~a.m.~ET) Tweet. Later that day, when Sanders was asked about the President's tweet, she told reporters, ``It's not an order. It's the President's opinion.'' Sarah Sanders, \textit{White House Daily Briefing}, C-SPAN (Aug.~1, 2018).} @@ -3621,10 +3621,10 @@ \subsubsection{Conduct Directed at Paul Manafort} He worked for me for a very short time. Why didn't government tell me that he was under investigation. These old charges have nothing to do with Collusion---a Hoax!''% 864 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/1/18 (9:34~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 8/1/18 (9:34~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} Later in the day, the President tweeted, ``Looking back on history, who was treated worse, Alfonse Capone, legendary mob boss, killer and `Public Enemy Number One,' or Paul Manafort, political operative \& Reagan/Dole darling, now serving solitary confinement---although convicted of nothing? Where is the Russian Collusion?''% 865 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/1/18 (11:35~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 8/1/18 (11:35~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} The President's tweets about the Manafort trial were widely covered by the press.% 866 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, Carol D. Leonnig et~al., \textit{Trump calls Manafort prosecution ``a hoax,'' says Sessions should stop Mueller investigation ``right now''}, Washington Post (Aug.~1, 2018); Louis Nelson, \textit{Trump claims Manafort case has ``nothing to do with collusion''}, Politico (Aug.~1. 2018).} @@ -3668,7 +3668,7 @@ \subsubsection{Conduct Directed at Paul Manafort} The next day, the President tweeted, ``I feel very badly for Paul Manafort and his wonderful family. `Justice' took a 12 year old tax case, among other things, applied tremendous pressure on him and, unlike Michael Cohen, he refused to `break'---make up stories in order to get a `deal.' Such respect for a brave man!''% 878 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/22/18 (9:21~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 8/22/18 (9:21~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} In a Fox News interview on August~22, 2018, the President said: ``[Cohen] makes a better deal when he uses me, like everybody else. And one of the reasons I respect Paul Manafort so much is he went through that trial---you know they make up stories. @@ -3712,7 +3712,7 @@ \subsubsection{Conduct Directed at Paul Manafort} It's actually very brave.% 889 \footnote{Marisa Schultz \& Nikki Schwab, \textit{Oval Office Interview with President Trump: Trump says pardon for Paul Manafort still a possibility}, New York Post (Nov.~28, 2018). That same day, the President tweeted: ``While the disgusting Fake News is doing everything within their power not to report it that way, at least 3 major players are intimating that the Angry Mueller Gang of Dems is viciously telling witnesses to lie about facts \& they will get relief. -This is our Joseph McCarthy Era!'' \verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 11/28/18 (8:39~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +This is our Joseph McCarthy Era!'' \UseVerb{DJT} 11/28/18 (8:39~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} \end{quote} In response to a question about a potential pardon for Manafort, the President said, ``It was never discussed, but I wouldn't take it off the table. @@ -3886,9 +3886,9 @@ \subsubsection{Candidate Trump's Awareness of and Involvement in the Trump Tower \footnote{Cohen 9/12/18 302, at~5.} By January 2016, Cohen had become frustrated that Sater had not set up a meeting with Russian government officials, so Cohen reached out directly by email to the office of Dmitry Peskov, who was Putin's deputy chief of staff and press secretary.% 918 -\footnote{\textit{See} FS00004 (12/30/15 Text Message, Cohen to Sater), TRUMPORG\_MC\_000233 (1/11/16 Email, Cohen to \verb+pr_peskova@prpress.gof.ru+); -MDC-H-000690 (1/14/16 Email, Cohen to \verb+info@prpress.gov.ru+); -TRUMPORG\_MC\_000235 (1/16/16 Email, Cohen to \verb+pr_peskova@prpress.gov.ru+).} +\footnote{\textit{See} FS00004 (12/30/15 Text Message, Cohen to Sater), TRUMPORG\_MC\_000233 (1/11/16 Email, Cohen to \UseVerb{prpeskovaATprpressgofru}); +MDC-H-000690 (1/14/16 Email, Cohen to \UseVerb{infoATprpressgovru}); +TRUMPORG\_MC\_000235 (1/16/16 Email, Cohen to \UseVerb{prpeskovaATprpressgovru}).} On January~20, 2016, Cohen received an email response from Elena Poliakova, Peskov's personal assistant, and phone records confirm that they then spoke for approximately twenty minutes, during which Cohen described the Trump Tower Moscow project and requested assistance in moving the project forward.% 919 \footnote{1/20/16 Email, Poliakova to Cohen; Call Records of Michael Cohen. @@ -4257,7 +4257,7 @@ \subsubsection{The President Sends Messages of Support to Cohen} Michael is a businessman for his own account/lawyer who I have always liked \& respected. Most people will flip if the Government lets them out of trouble, even if it means lying or making up stories. Sorry, I don't see Michael doing that despite the horrible Witch Hunt and the dishonest media!% 1025 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 4/21/18 (9:10~a.m.~ET) Tweets.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 4/21/18 (9:10~a.m.~ET) Tweets.} \end{quote} In an email that day to Cohen, Costello wrote that he had spoken with Giuliani.% 1026 @@ -4308,7 +4308,7 @@ \subsubsection{The President's Conduct After Cohen Began Cooperating with the Go On July~21, 2018, the President responded: ``Inconceivable that the government would break into a lawyer's office (early in the morning)---almost unheard of. Even more inconceivable that a lawyer would tape a client---totally unheard of \& perhaps illegal. The good news is that your favorite President did nothing wrong!''% 1041 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/21/18 (8:10~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/21/18 (8:10~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On July~27, 2018, after the media reported that Cohen was willing to inform investigators that Donald Trump~Jr.\ told his father about the June~9, 2016 meeting to get ``dirt'' on Hillary Clinton,% 1042 \footnote{\textit{See, e.g.}, Jim Sciutto, \textit{Cuomo Prime Time Transcript}, CNN (July~26, 2018).} the President tweeted: @@ -4316,9 +4316,9 @@ \subsubsection{The President's Conduct After Cohen Began Cooperating with the Go Sounds to me like someone is trying to make up stories in order to get himself out of an unrelated jam (Taxi cabs maybe?). He even retained Bill and Crooked Hillary's lawyer. Gee, I wonder if they helped him make the choice!''% 1043 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/27/18 (7:26~a.m.~ET) Tweet; -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/27/18 (7:38~a.m.~ET) Tweet; -\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 7/27/18 (7:56~a.m.~ET) Tweet. +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 7/27/18 (7:26~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJT} 7/27/18 (7:38~a.m.~ET) Tweet; +\UseVerb{DJT} 7/27/18 (7:56~a.m.~ET) Tweet. At the time of these tweets, the press had reported that Cohen's financial interests in taxi cab medallions were being scrutinized by investigators. \textit{See, e.g.}, Matt Apuzzo et~al., \textit{Michael Cohen Secretly Taped Trump Discussing Payment to Playboy Model}, New York Times (July~20, 2018).} @@ -4329,7 +4329,7 @@ \subsubsection{The President's Conduct After Cohen Began Cooperating with the Go The next day, the President contrasted Cohen's cooperation with Manafort's refusal to cooperate, tweeting, ``I feel very badly for Paul Manafort and his wonderful family. `Justice' took a 12 year old tax case, among other things, applied tremendous pressure on him and, unlike Michael Cohen, he refused to `break'---make up stories in order to get a `deal.' Such respect for a brave man!''% 1046 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 8/22/18 (9:21~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 8/22/18 (9:21~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On September~17, 2018, this Office submitted written questions to the President that included questions about the Trump Tower Moscow project and attached Cohen's written statement to Congress and the Letter of Intent signed by the President.% 1047 \footnote{9/17/18 Letter, Special Counsel's Office to President's Personal Counsel (attaching written questions for the President, with attachments).} @@ -4400,9 +4400,9 @@ \subsubsection{The President's Conduct After Cohen Began Cooperating with the Go You mean he can do all of the TERRIBLE, unrelated to Trump, things having to do with fraud, big loans, Taxis, etc., and not serve a long prison term? He makes up stories to get a GREAT \& ALREADY reduced deal for himself, and \textit{get his wife and father-in-law (who has the money?) off Scott Free}. He lied for this outcome and should, in my opinion, serve a full and complete sentence.''% 1060 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/3/18 (10:24~a.m.~ET and 10:29~a.m.~ET) Tweets (emphasis added).} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 12/3/18 (10:24~a.m.~ET and 10:29~a.m.~ET) Tweets (emphasis added).} \blackout{Harm to Ongoing Investigation}% 1061 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/3/18 (10:48~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 12/3/18 (10:48~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} On December~12, 2018, Cohen was sentenced to three years of imprisonment.% 1062 \footnote{\textit{Cohen} 12/12/18 Transcript.} @@ -4412,13 +4412,13 @@ \subsubsection{The President's Conduct After Cohen Began Cooperating with the Go I never directed Michael Cohen to break the law\dots. Those charges were just agreed to by him in order to embarrass the president and get a much reduced prison sentence, which he did---including the fact \textit{that his family was temporarily let off the hook}. As a lawyer, Michael has great liability to me!% 1063 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/13/18 (8:17~a.m.~ET, 8:25~a.m.~ET, and 8:39~a.m.~ET) Tweets (emphasis added).} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 12/13/18 (8:17~a.m.~ET, 8:25~a.m.~ET, and 8:39~a.m.~ET) Tweets (emphasis added).} \end{quote} On December~16, 2018, the President tweeted, ``Remember, Michael Cohen only became a `Rat' after the FBI did something which was absolutely unthinkable \& unheard of until the Witch Hunt was illegally started. They BROKE INTO AN ATTORNEY'S OFFICE! Why didn't they break into the DNC to get the Server, or Crooked's office?''% 1064 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 12/16/18 (9:39~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 12/16/18 (9:39~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} In January 2019, after the media reported that Cohen would provide public testimony in a congressional hearing, the President made additional public comments suggesting that Cohen's family members had committed crimes. In an interview on Fox on January~12, 2019, the President was asked whether he was worried about Cohen's testimony and responded: @@ -4433,13 +4433,13 @@ \subsubsection{The President's Conduct After Cohen Began Cooperating with the Go \footnote{\textit{Jeanine Pirro Interview with President Trump}, Fox News (Jan.~12, 2019) (emphasis added).} \end{quote} -On January~18, 2019, the President tweeted, ``Kevin Corke, \verb+@FoxNews+ `Don't forget, Michael Cohen has already been convicted of perjury and fraud, and as recently as this week, the Wall Street Journal has suggested that he may have stolen tens of thousands of dollars\dots.' Lying to reduce his jail time! \textit{Watch father-in-law!}''% 1066 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 1/18/19 (10:02~a.m.~ET) Tweet (emphasis added).} +On January~18, 2019, the President tweeted, ``Kevin Corke, \UseVerb{atFoxNews} `Don't forget, Michael Cohen has already been convicted of perjury and fraud, and as recently as this week, the Wall Street Journal has suggested that he may have stolen tens of thousands of dollars\dots.' Lying to reduce his jail time! \textit{Watch father-in-law!}''% 1066 +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 1/18/19 (10:02~a.m.~ET) Tweet (emphasis added).} On January~23, 2019, Cohen postponed his congressional testimony, citing threats against his family.% 1067 \footnote{Statement by Lanny Davis, Cohen's personal counsel (Jan.~23, 2019).} The next day, the President tweeted, ``So interesting that bad lawyer Michael Cohen, who sadly will not be testifying before Congress, is using the lawyer of Crooked Hillary Clinton to represent him---Gee, how did that happen?''% 1068 -\footnote{\verb+@realDonaldTrump+ 1/24/19 (7:48~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} +\footnote{\UseVerb{DJT} 1/24/19 (7:48~a.m.~ET) Tweet.} Also in January 2019, Giuliani gave press interviews that appeared to confirm Cohen's account that the Trump Organization pursued the Trump Tower Moscow project well past January 2016. Giuliani stated that ``it's our understanding that [discussions about the Trump Moscow project] went on throughout 2016.