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ninfs

ninfs (formerly fuse-3ds) is a FUSE program to extract data from Nintendo game consoles. It works by presenting a virtual filesystem with the contents of your games, NAND, or SD card contents, and you can browse and copy out just the files that you need.

Windows, macOS, and Linux are supported.

Supported types

  • Nintendo 3DS
    • CTR Cart Image (".3ds", ".cci")
    • CDN contents ("cetk", "tmd", and contents)
    • CTR Importable Archive (".cia")
    • Executable Filesystem (".exefs", "exefs.bin")
    • Nintendo 3DS NAND backup ("nand.bin")
    • NCCH (".cxi", ".cfa", ".ncch", ".app")
    • Read-only Filesystem (".romfs", "romfs.bin")
    • SD Card Contents ("Nintendo 3DS" from SD)
    • Installed SD Title Contents ("*.tmd" and "*.app" files)
    • 3DSX Homebrew (".3dsx")
  • Nintendo DS / DSi
    • Nintendo DSi NAND backup ("nand_dsi.bin")
    • Nintendo DS ROM image (".nds", ".srl")
  • iQue Player
    • iQue Player NAND backup (read-only) ("nand.bin")
  • Nintendo Switch
    • Nintendo Switch NAND backup ("rawnand.bin")

Example uses

  • Mount a NAND backup and browse CTRNAND, TWLNAND, and others, and write back to them without having to extract and decrypt them first.
  • Browse decrypted SD card contents. Dump installed games and saves, or copy contents between two system's SD contents.
  • Extract a game's files out of a CIA, CCI (".3ds"), NCCH, RomFS, raw CDN contents, just by mounting them and browsing its files. Or use the virtual decrypted file and start playing the game in a 3DS emulator right away.

Setup

For 3DS types, The ARM9 BootROM is required. You can dump it using boot9strap, which can be set up by 3DS Hacks Guide. To dump Boot9, follow the steps on wiki.hacks.guide.

Boot9 is checked in order of:

  • --boot9 argument (if set)
  • BOOT9_PATH environment variable (if set)
  • %APPDATA%\3ds\boot9.bin (Windows-specific)
  • ~/Library/Application Support/3ds/boot9.bin (macOS-specific)
  • ~/.3ds/boot9.bin
  • ~/3ds/boot9.bin

For historical reasons, boot9_prot.bin can also be used in all of these locations.

"~" means the user's home directory. "~/3ds" would mean /Users/username/3ds on macOS and C:\Users\username\3ds on Windows.

CDN, CIA, and NCCH mounting may need SeedDB for mounting NCCH containers of newer games (2015+) that use seeds.
SeedDB is checked in order of:

  • --seeddb argument (if set)
  • SEEDDB_PATH environment variable (if set)
  • %APPDATA%\3ds\seeddb.bin (Windows-specific)
  • ~/Library/Application Support/3ds/seeddb.bin (macOS-specific)
  • ~/.3ds/seeddb.bin
  • ~/3ds/seeddb.bin

Python 3.8.0 or later is required.

Windows

Windows 10 or later is recommended. Windows 7 and 8.1 may continue to work until ninfs's dependencies stop working on it.

Installer

An installer is provided in releases. It includes both ninfs and WinFsp, which is installed if required.

Standalone release

A standalone zip is also provided in releases. WinFsp must be installed separately.

Install with existing Python

  • Install a version of Python 3.8 or later. The x86-64 version is preferred on 64-bit Windows.
    • Python from the Microsoft Store is not recommended due to sandboxing restrictioons.
  • Install the latest version of WinFsp.
  • Install ninfs with py -3 -m pip install --upgrade https://github.com/ihaveamac/ninfs/archive/2.0.zip

Windows on ARM

Official support for Windows on ARM will come eventually. In the meantime, running the x86 version has been tested and seems to work properly. Make sure to install the latest WinFSP version with ARM64 support.

macOS

Versions of macOS supported by Apple are highly recommended. macOS Sierra is the oldest version that should work. macFUSE or fuse-t is required.

Standalone application

A standalone build is provided in releases. macFUSE or fuse-t must still be installed separately. Releases are built for Intel and Apple Silicon, signed and notarized by Apple.

Install with existing Python

  • Install a version of Python 3.8 or later. Various methods to use Python:
  • Install the latest version of macFUSE or fuse-t.
  • Install ninfs with python3 -m pip install --upgrade https://github.com/ihaveamac/ninfs/archive/2.0.zip

Linux

Arch Linux

ninfs is available in the AUR: normal, with gui, git, git with gui

Other distributions

  • Recent distributions (e.g. Ubuntu 18.04 and later) should have Python 3.8.0 or later pre-installed, or included in its repositories. Refer to your distribution's documentation for details.
  • Most distributions should have libfuse enabled/installed by default. Use your package manager if it isn't.
  • Install ninfs with python3 -m pip install --upgrade --user https://github.com/ihaveamac/ninfs/archive/2.0.zip
    • --user is not needed if you are using a virtual environment.
  • You can add a desktop entry with python3 -m ninfs --install-desktop-entry. If you want to install to a location other than the default ($XDG_DATA_HOME), you can add another argument with a path like /usr/local/share.
  • To use the GUI, tkinter needs to be installed. On Debian-/Ubuntu-based systems this is python3-tk. On Fedora this is python3-tkinter.

Nix/NixOS

A nix derivation is provided, tested on NixOS, other Linux distributions, and macOS.

On macOS, macFUSE or fuse-t must be installed separately, as nixpkgs doesn't (and probably can't) package either.

With flakes to run the latest commit on main:

  • Use GUI: nix run github:ihaveamac/ninfs
  • Directly use mount (example with cia): nix run github:ihaveamac/ninfs -- cia game.cia mountpoint

Usage

Graphical user interface

A GUI can be used by specifying the type to be gui (e.g. Windows: py -3 -mninfs gui, Linux/macOS: python3 -mninfs gui). The GUI controls mounting and unmounting.

Command line

Run a mount script by using "mount_<type>" (e.g. mount_cci game.3ds mountpoint). Use -h to view arguments for a script.

If it doesn't work, the other way is to use <python-cmd> -mninfs <type> (e.g. Windows: py -3 -mninfs cci game.3ds mountpoint, Linux/macOS: python3 -mninfs cci game.3ds mountpoint).

Windows users can use a drive letter like F: as a mountpoint, or use * and a drive letter will be automatically chosen.

Developer-unit contents are encrypted with different keys, which can be used with --dev with CCI, CDN, CIA, NANDCTR, NCCH, and SD. These are less tested and may have bugs due to unknown differences between retail and dev files.

Unmounting

  • Windows: Press Ctrl + C in the command prompt/PowerShell window.
  • macOS: Two methods:
    • Right-click on the mount and choose "Eject “drive name”".
    • Run from terminal: diskutil unmount /path/to/mount
  • Linux: Run from terminal: fusermount -u /path/to/mount

Examples

  • 3DS game card dump:
    mount_cci game.3ds mountpoint
  • Contents downloaded from CDN:
    mount_cdn cdn_directory mountpoint
  • CDN contents with a specific decrypted titlekey:
    mount_cdn --dec-key 3E3E6769742E696F2F76416A65423C3C cdn_directory mountpoint
  • CIA:
    mount_cia game.cia mountpoint
  • ExeFS:
    mount_exefs exefs.bin mountpoint
  • 3DS NAND backup with essential.exefs embedded:
    mount_nandctr nand.bin mountpoint
  • 3DS NAND backup with an OTP file (Counter is automatically generated):
    mount_nandctr --otp otp.bin nand.bin mountpoint
  • 3DS NAND backup with OTP and CID files:
    mount_nandctr --otp otp.bin --cid nand_cid.bin nand.bin mountpoint
  • 3DS NAND backup with OTP file and a CID hexstring:
    mount_nandctr --otp otp.bin --cid 7468616E6B7334636865636B696E6721 nand.bin mountpoint
  • DSi NAND backup (Counter is automatically generated):
    mount_nandtwl --console-id 5345445543454D45 nand_dsi.bin mountpoint
  • DSi NAND backup with a Console ID hexstring and specified CID hexstring:
    mount_nandtwl --console-id 5345445543454D45 --cid 576879446F657344536945786973743F nand_dsi.bin mountpoint
  • DSi NAND backup with a Console ID file and specified CID file:
    mount_nandtwl --console-id ConsoleID.bin --cid CID.bin nand_dsi.bin mountpoint
  • iQue Player NAND backup:
    mount_nandbb nand.bin mountpoint
  • Switch NAND backup:
    mount_nandhac --keys prod.keys rawnand.bin mountpoint
  • Switch NAND backup in multiple parts:
    mount_nandhac --keys prod.keys -S rawnand.bin.00 mountpoint
  • Switch NAND encrypted partition dump:
    mount_nandhac --keys prod.keys --partition SYSTEM SYSTEM.bin mountpoint
  • NCCH container (.app, .cxi, .cfa, .ncch):
    mount_ncch content.cxi mountpoint
  • RomFS:
    mount_romfs romfs.bin mountpoint
  • Nintendo 3DS directory from an SD card:
    mount_sd --movable movable.sed "/path/to/Nintendo 3DS" mountpoint
  • Nintendo 3DS directory from an SD card with an SD key hexstring:
    mount_sd --sd-key 504C415900000000504F4B454D4F4E21 "/path/to/Nintendo 3DS" mountpoint
  • Nintendo DS ROM image (NDS/SRL, mount_nds also works):
    mount_srl game.nds mountpoint
  • 3DSX homebrew application:
    mount_threedsx boot.3dsx mountpoint

Useful tools

  • wwylele's 3ds-save-tool can be used to extract game saves and extra data (DISA and DIFF, respectively).
    • wwylele's save3ds is a tool to interact with 3DS save files and extdata. Extracting and importing works on all platforms. The FUSE part only works on macOS and Linux.
  • OSFMount for Windows can mount FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 partitions in NAND backups.

Related tools

  • roothorick's BUSEHAC is a Linux driver for encrypted Nintendo Switch NANDs.
  • Maschell's fuse-wiiu can be used to mount Wii U contents.
  • koolkdev's wfs-tools has wfs-fuse to mount the Wii U mlc dumps and usb devices.

License/Credits

  • ninfs is under the MIT license.

Special thanks to @Jhynjhiruu for adding support for iQue Player NAND backups.

Special thanks to @Stary2001 for help with NAND crypto (especially TWL), and @d0k3 for SD crypto.

OTP code is from Stary2001/3ds_tools, and is under the MIT license.